Winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature

Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

The Nobel Prize for Literature is awarded, according to the will of Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel, “to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind” in the field of literature. It is conferred by the Swedish Academy in Stockholm.

The table provides a list of winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Nobel Prize winners by category (literature)
year	name	country*	literary area
*Nationality given is the citizenship of the recipient at the time the award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.
**Prize awarded in 2019.
1901	Sully Prudhomme	France	poet
1902	Theodor Mommsen	Germany	historian
1903	Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson	Norway	novelist, poet, dramatist
1904	José Echegaray y Eizaguirre	Spain	dramatist
1904	Frédéric Mistral	France	poet
1905	Henryk Sienkiewicz	Poland	novelist
1906	Giosuè Carducci	Italy	poet
1907	Rudyard Kipling	U.K.	poet, novelist
1908	Rudolf Christoph Eucken	Germany	philosopher
1909	Selma Lagerlöf	Sweden	novelist
1910	Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse	Germany	poet, novelist, dramatist
1911	Maurice Maeterlinck	Belgium	dramatist
1912	Gerhart Hauptmann	Germany	dramatist
1913	Rabindranath Tagore	India	poet
1915	Romain Rolland	France	novelist
1916	Verner von Heidenstam	Sweden	poet
1917	Karl Gjellerup	Denmark	novelist
1917	Henrik Pontoppidan	Denmark	novelist
1918	Erik Axel Karlfeldt (declined)	Sweden	poet
1919	Carl Spitteler	Switzerland	poet, novelist
1920	Knut Hamsun	Norway	novelist
1921	Anatole France	France	novelist
1922	Jacinto Benavente y Martínez	Spain	dramatist
1923	William Butler Yeats	Ireland	poet
1924	Władysław Stanisław Reymont	Poland	novelist
1925	George Bernard Shaw	Ireland	dramatist
1926	Grazia Deledda	Italy	novelist
1927	Henri Bergson	France	philosopher
1928	Sigrid Undset	Norway	novelist
1929	Thomas Mann	Germany	novelist
1930	Sinclair Lewis	U.S.	novelist
1931	Erik Axel Karlfeldt (posthumous award)	Sweden	poet
1932	John Galsworthy	U.K.	novelist
1933	Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin	U.S.S.R.	poet, novelist
1934	Luigi Pirandello	Italy	dramatist
1936	Eugene O'Neill	U.S.	dramatist
1937	Roger Martin du Gard	France	novelist
1938	Pearl Buck	U.S.	novelist
1939	Frans Eemil Sillanpää	Finland	novelist
1944	Johannes V. Jensen	Denmark	novelist
1945	Gabriela Mistral	Chile	poet
1946	Hermann Hesse	Switzerland	novelist
1947	André Gide	France	novelist, essayist
1948	T.S. Eliot	U.K.	poet, critic
1949	William Faulkner	U.S.	novelist
1950	Bertrand Russell	U.K.	philosopher
1951	Pär Lagerkvist	Sweden	novelist
1952	François Mauriac	France	poet, novelist, dramatist
1953	Sir Winston Churchill	U.K.	historian, orator
1954	Ernest Hemingway	U.S.	novelist
1955	Halldór Laxness	Iceland	novelist
1956	Juan Ramón Jiménez	Spain	poet
1957	Albert Camus	France	novelist, dramatist
1958	Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (declined)	U.S.S.R.	novelist, poet
1959	Salvatore Quasimodo	Italy	poet
1960	Saint-John Perse	France	poet
1961	Ivo Andric	Yugoslavia	novelist
1962	John Steinbeck	U.S.	novelist
1963	George Seferis	Greece	poet
1964	Jean-Paul Sartre (declined)	France	philosopher, dramatist
1965	Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov	U.S.S.R.	novelist
1966	S.Y. Agnon	Israel	novelist
1966	Nelly Sachs	Sweden	poet
1967	Miguel Ángel Asturias	Guatemala	novelist
1968	Kawabata Yasunari	Japan	novelist
1969	Samuel Beckett	Ireland	novelist, dramatist
1970	Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn	U.S.S.R.	novelist
1971	Pablo Neruda	Chile	poet
1972	Heinrich Böll	West Germany	novelist
1973	Patrick White	Australia	novelist
1974	Eyvind Johnson	Sweden	novelist
1974	Harry Martinson	Sweden	novelist, poet
1975	Eugenio Montale	Italy	poet
1976	Saul Bellow	U.S.	novelist
1977	Vicente Aleixandre	Spain	poet
1978	Isaac Bashevis Singer	U.S.	novelist
1979	Odysseus Elytis	Greece	poet
1980	Czesław Miłosz	U.S.	poet
1981	Elias Canetti	Bulgaria	novelist, essayist
1982	Gabriel García Márquez	Colombia	novelist, journalist, social critic
1983	Sir William Golding	U.K.	novelist
1984	Jaroslav Seifert	Czechoslovakia	poet
1985	Claude Simon	France	novelist
1986	Wole Soyinka	Nigeria	dramatist, poet
1987	Joseph Brodsky	U.S.	poet, essayist
1988	Naguib Mahfouz	Egypt	novelist
1989	Camilo José Cela	Spain	novelist
1990	Octavio Paz	Mexico	poet, essayist
1991	Nadine Gordimer	South Africa	novelist
1992	Derek Walcott	Saint Lucia	poet
1993	Toni Morrison	U.S.	novelist
1994	Oe Kenzaburo	Japan	novelist
1995	Seamus Heaney	Ireland	poet
1996	Wisława Szymborska	Poland	poet
1997	Dario Fo	Italy	dramatist, actor
1998	José Saramago	Portugal	novelist
1999	Günter Grass	Germany	novelist
2000	Gao Xingjian	France	novelist, dramatist
2001	Sir V.S. Naipaul	Trinidad	novelist
2002	Imre Kertész	Hungary	novelist
2003	J.M. Coetzee	South Africa	novelist
2004	Elfriede Jelinek	Austria	novelist, dramatist
2005	Harold Pinter	U.K.	dramatist
2006	Orhan Pamuk	Turkey	novelist
2007	Doris Lessing	U.K.	novelist
2008	Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio	France	novelist, essayist
2009	Herta Müller	Germany	novelist
2010	Mario Vargas Llosa	Peru	novelist, dramatist
2011	Tomas Tranströmer	Sweden	poet
2012	Mo Yan	China	novelist, short-story writer
2013	Alice Munro	Canada	short-story writer
2014	Patrick Modiano	France	novelist
2015	Svetlana Alexievich	Belarus	journalist, prose writer
2016	Bob Dylan	U.S.	singer, songwriter
2017	Kazuo Ishiguro	U.K.	novelist
2018**	Olga Tokarczuk	Poland	novelist, poet, essayist
2019	Peter Handke	Austria	novelist, poet, essayist, playwright
2020	Louise Glück	U.S.	poet
2021	Abdulrazak Gurnah	Tanz.	novelist
2022	Annie Ernaux	France	novelist, memoirist
2023	Jon Fosse	Norway	novelist, playwright, poet

This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.