Johann Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (22 August 1658 � 17 February 1729) was a reigning duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. He was the tenth but seventh surviving son of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha and Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg.In Merseburg on 18 February 1680, Johann Ernst married firstly Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg, a daughter of Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg. They had five children


Christian Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (18 August 1683 � 4 September 1745), was a duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. He was the oldest surviving son of Johann Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and his first wife, Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg.In Naitschau on 18 August 1724, Christian Ernst married unequally with Christiane Fredericka of Koss; for this, his younger half-brother Franz Josias reclaimed the full succession of the duchy. His father, the duke Johann Ernst, determined the common government of the brothers with indivisibility of the duchy upon his death, in 1729. Christian Ernst make his residence in Saalfeld and Franz Josias moved into the Veste Coburg.


Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (8 March 1724 � 8 September 1800), was a Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. He was the eldest son of Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.Ernest Frederick succeeded his father in the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld when he died in 1764 and established his definitive residence shifted in Coburg. Because of the high indebtedness of the duchy he was compelled by Emperor Joseph II in 1773 to work with a Debit commission�an obligatory administration of debts assigned by the emperor�for over thirty years.In Wolfenb�ttel on 23 April 1749 Ernest Frederick married with Sophia Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenb�ttel. They had seven children



Ernest I (German: Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig)( 2 January 1784 � 29 January 1844) was the last sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, from 1826, the first sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I). He was the father of Albert, Prince Consort, who was the husband of Queen Victoria. Ernest fought against Napoleon Bonaparte, and through construction projects and the establishment of a court theatre, he left a strong imprint on his residence town, Coburg. Ernest was born on 2 January 1784. He is the eldest son of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf. His youngest brother, Leopold Georg Christian Frederick, was later elected the first King of the Belgians. On 10 May 1803, aged 19, Ernest was proclaimed an adult because his father had become gravely ill, and he was required to take part in the government of the duchy. When his father died in 1806, he succeeded in the duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld as Ernest III. Ernest married Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg in Gotha on 3 July 1817. They had two children The marriage was unhappy because both husband and wife were promiscuous. As the biographer Lytton Strachey put it: "The ducal court was not noted for the strictness of its morals; the Duke was a man of gallantry, and the Duchess followed her husband's example. There were scandals: one of the Court Chamberlains, a charming and cultivated man of Jewish extraction, was talked of; at last there was a separation, followed by a divorce."[2] Ernest and Louise were separated in 1824 and were officially divorced on 31 March 1826. As heirs to Coburg, the children remained with their father. Louise died in 1831. In Coburg on 23 December 1832, Ernest married his niece Duchess Marie of W�rttemberg, the daughter of his sister Antoinette. They had no children. This marriage made Marie both Prince Albert's first cousin and his stepmother. Ernest had three illegitimate children


Ernst Albert and Robert Ferdinand, twins born in 1838 to  Margaretha Braun and Ernst I Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha. They were created Freiherren von Bruneck in 1856.


Ernest II (German: Ernst August Karl Johann Leopold Alexander Eduard)( 21 June 1818 � 22 August 1893) was Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 29 January 1844 to his death in 1893. He was born in Coburg to Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. His father became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I) in 1826 through an exchange of territories. In 1842, Ernest married Princess Alexandrine of Baden in what was to be a childless marriage. Two years later, he became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha when his father died. Various candidates were put forward as a possible wife for Ernest. His father wanted him to look to a woman of high rank, such as a Russian grand duchess, for a wife. One possibility was Princess Cl�mentine of Orl�ans, a daughter of Louis Philippe I, whom he met while visiting the court at the Tuileries.However, such a marriage would have required his conversion from Lutheranism to Roman Catholicism, and consequently nothing came of it. She later married his cousin Prince August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Ernest was also considered by Dowager Queen Maria Christina as a possible husband for her young daughter Isabella II of Spain, and by Queen Victoria for her cousin Princess Augusta of Cambridge.In Karlsruhe on 3 May 1842, Ernest married 21-year-old Princess Alexandrine of Baden. She was the eldest daughter of Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden, and Princess Sophie of Sweden, daughter of the deposed King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden. Though he gave his consent, his father was disappointed that his first son did not do more to advance the concerns of Coburg.The marriage did not produce any issue, though Ernest apparently fathered at least three illegitimate children in later years.Ernest had suffered from a venereal disease in his late teens and early twenties, most likely as the consequence of living a wild, promiscuous lifestyle. He had come to behave in such a fashion by the tutelage of his father, who took his sons to "sample the pleasures" of Paris and Berlin, to Albert's "horror and shame". Ernest had been so visibly deteriorating in appearance as a result that Sarah Lyttelton, a lady-in-waiting of Queen Victoria, observed at Windsor Castle in 1839 that he was "very thin and hollow-cheeked and pale, and no likeness to his brother, nor much beauty. But he has fine dark eyes and black hair, and light figure, and a great look of spirit and eagerness". Later that year, Albert counselled his brother against finding a wife until his 'condition' was fully recovered. He further warned that continued promiscuity could leave Ernest incapable of fathering children. Some historians believe that while he himself was able to father other children, the disease rendered his young wife infertile. Ernest was married for 51 years and with his wife visited Queen Victoria in Paris in 1890.


Ernest Eugene Charles Augustus Bernard Paul of Hesse-Philippsthal (German: Ernst Eugen Karl August Bernhard Paul von Hessen-Philippsthal)(20 December 1846-22 December 1925) was a member of the House of Hesse and was the last ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal.Ernst was the eldest son of the Landgrave Charles II of Hesse-Philippsthal (1803-1868) from his marriage to Duchess Marie of W�rttemberg (1818-1888), a daughter of Duke Eugen of W�rttemberg.After the Electorate of Hesse including Hesse-Philippsthal was annexed by Prussia in 1866, Ernest resigned on all subsequent claims on Hesse-Philippsthal in 1868, together with Landgrave Alexis of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld. In 1880, he received as compensation an annual income of 300000marks, plus the Hanau City Castle in Hanau, Rotenburg Castle and Sch�nfeld Castle in Kassel.Ernest died in 1925 unmarried and without descendants. With his death, the main Hesse-Philippsthal line of the House of Hesse died out; only the junior lines Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld and Hesse-Kassel-Rumpenheim remained; the first inherited his estate.

Prince William Alexander Frederick Ernest Casimir of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: Willem Alexander Frederik Ernst Casimir, Prins der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau)( 21 May 1822 �22 October 1822) was the fourth son of the Prince of Orange, later King William II of the Netherlands and his wife Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia.He was baptized on 18 June 1822 in the Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam. However, because he hadhydrocephalus, he died the same year. He was buried in the Protestant Church in Brussels until his body was transferred to the Royal Crypt in the Nieuwe Kerk, Delft, in 1860.


Ernst Christian Carl, 4th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (7 May 1794 � 12 April 1860) was the son of Prince Charles Louis of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Countess Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth He married Princess Feodora of Leiningen, the only daughter of Emich Carl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen, and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld on 18 February 1828 at Kensington Palace in London. She was the elder half-sister of the future British queen. They had 6 children.


Ernst Wilhelm Friedrich Carl Maximilian, 7th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (13 September 1863 � 11 December 1950), was a German aristocrat and Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. He served as the Regent of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha during the minority of his wife's cousin, Duke Charles Edward, from 1900 to 1905. Born in Langenburg, Kingdom of W�rttemberg on 13 September 1863, Ernst was the oldest of three children, and the only son, of Hermann, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and Princess Leopoldine of Baden, daughter of Prince William of Baden. He was also the grand-nephew of Queen Victoria: i.e., his paternal great-grandmother was Victoria (of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and later by her first marriage of Leiningen), the mother of Queen Victoria, and his grandmother was Feodora of Leiningen, Queen Victoria's half-sister. He married the Queen's granddaughter, Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh, daughter of The Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna, on 20 April 1896 at the Ehrenburg Palace (Schloss Ehrenburg) in Coburg, Germany.The children of Prince Ernst and Princess Alexandra of Hohelohe-Langenburg were descended from both Queen Victoria and Victoria's half-sister Feodora of Leiningen. They had 5 children.



Ernest G�nther I of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (14 October 1609 � 18 January 1689) was a Duke of Schleswig-Holstein of its Sonderborg line. He was the first to have his ducal seat in Augustenborg Palace, which he built and named in honor of his wife. He ruled from 1647 until his death in 1689.He was third son of Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg and his wife Countess Dorothea of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.On 15 June 1651 he married Auguste of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg (27 June 1633 � 26 May 1701), daughter of Duke Philipp of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg and Princess Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg. They had ten children


Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (30 October 1660 � 12 March 1731) was the second son of Duke Ernest G�nther and his wife Auguste.Ernest August converted to Catholicism and became a canon in Strasbourg. However, he later reverted to Lutheranism.In 1692, he succeeded his childless brother Frederick as Duke of Augustenburg. In 1695 he married Baroness Maria Theresia of Weinberg. This marriage remained childless.


Ernst Gunther II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (11 August 1863 � 22 February 1921), was a son of Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. He inherited his father's title as titular third duke of Schleswig-Holstein. On 2 August 1898 in Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, he married Princess Dorothea of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, daughter of Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Louise of Belgium. The grandfather of the bride, King Leopold II, did not attend the wedding but sent the Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold as wedding gift.The couple had no children. However, on 11 November 1920, Ernst Gunther adopted Prince Johann Georg and his sister Princess Marie Luise, children of Prince Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg


Ernst, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen (Ernst, Prinz von Sachsen-Meiningen)( 27 September 1859 � 29 December 1941) was the head of the house of Saxe-Meiningen from 1928 until his death. He was born in Meiningen, the eldest son of the heir apparent to the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, Prince Georg and his second wife, HSH Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. Ernst was married, morganatically, in Munich on 20 September 1892, to Katharina Jensen, daughter of the painter Marie and the poet Wilhelm Jensen. Not permitted to share her husband's dynastic title, his wife was created Baroness von Saalfeld on their wedding day by Ernst's father, Georg II Despite his unequal marriage, Ernst retained his succession rights to the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen Ernst and Katharina had six children


Baron Ernst Friedrich Heinrich Paul von Saalfeld (4 July 1896-28 May 1915) killed in action at the age of eighteen. Son of Ernst, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen and Katharina Jensen


Prince Ernst of Saxe-Meiningen (23 September 1895-17 August 1914) at the age of eighteen he was killed in World War I. Son of Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Meiningen, Duke of Saxony (12 October 1861 � 23 August 1914) and  Countess Adelaide of Lippe-Biesterfeld (22 June 1870 � 3 September 1948),


Prince Ernst August of Lippe (German: Prinz Ernst August Bernhard Alexander Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm zur Lippe)( 1 April 1917 � 15 June 1990) was a claimant to the headship of the House of Lippe. Between 1950 and 1954 he was the president of the Vespa Club of Germany (VCVD). Prince Ernst August was born at Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, the second child and first son of Prince Julius Ernst of Lippe (1873�1952; son of Ernst, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld and Countess Caroline von Wartensleben) and his wife, Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1878�1948; daughter of Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and his wife Princess Elisabeth of Anhalt). Through his father he was first cousin of Prince Bernhard, consort to Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, and was a guest at their 1937 wedding. Through his mother he was descendant of George III of the United Kingdom.He had two half siblings; his mother had been married previously to Count George Jametel but divorced in 1908.Ernst August married on 3 March 1948 in Oberkassel, Bonn to Christa von Arnim (b. 2 July 1923-20 February 2020), elder daughter of Curt David von Arnim, and his wife, Stephanie von Stechow. They had 4 children.


Prince Ernst August of Lippe (b. 24 December 1952), son of Prince Ernst August of Lippe and Christa von Arnim He married in 1981 to Countess Maria Benedicta Johanna Antonia Bernhardine Ludmila von Magnis, had issue, and married second in 2006 to Gerlinde Inge M�ltner, no issue.


Prince Ernst R�diger Camillo von Starhemberg, often known simply as Prince Starhemberg, (10 May 1899 � 15 March 1956) was an Austrian nationalist and politician who helped introduce austrofascism and install a clerical fascist dictatorship in Austria in the interwar period. A fierce opponent of Anschluss, he fled Austria when the Nazis invaded the country and briefly served with the Free French and British forces in World War II. Starhemberg was a leader of the Heimwehr and later of the Fatherland Front. He served in the Bundesrat between 1920 and 1930, as Minister of Interior in 1930, Vice-Chancellor in 1934 and subsequently Acting Chancellor and Leader of the Front after the murder of Engelbert Dollfu�, relinquishing the former position after a few days. Disenchanted by the moderate ways of Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg, he was ousted from power in 1936, when the Heimwehr was dissolved, and fled the country after the Anschluss to avoid retaliation from vengeful Nazis.Born in Eferding, Upper Austria, in 1899, into the illustrious House of Starhemberg which hailed from a long line of Austrian nobles and inherited the title of prince. He was the oldest son of Prince Ernst R�diger von Starhemberg and Princess Franziska von Starhemberg, born Countess Larisch von Moennich. Starhemberg married two times: firstly to Marie-Elisabeth Altgr�fin zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz (1 March 1908 � 10 April 1984), married in Vienna on 9 September 1928, annulled on 27 November 1937. She had no children but adopted, in 1973 as her heir, a cousin, Maria Elisabeth (Marielies) Leopoldine Hippolyta, Altgr�fin zu Salm-Reiferscheidt-Raitz (born 1931).Secondly Nora Gregor ( 3 February 1901 � 20 January 1949), Austrian-Jewish stage and film actress, married in Vienna on 2 December 1937. They had one child, who was born prior to their marriage, Heinrich Ruediger Gregor (1934-1997), known from 1937 as Heinrich R�diger Karl Georg Franciscus Graf von Starhemberg, later, upon the death of his father, became 8th F�rst von Starhemberg. He died unmarried and without issue so his title was inherited by his cousin Georg Adam (b. 1961) who is the current Prince and Head of the family.


Philipp-Ernst, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (Friedrich August Philipp-Ernst Wolrad)( 26 July 1928 � 28 August 2003) was a head of the Princely House of Schaumburg-Lippe.He was born in Hagenburg, the second son of Prince Wolrad of Schaumburg-Lippe and his wife Princess Bathildis of Schaumburg-Lippe (1903�1983). Following the death of his uncle Prince Adolf II in a plane crash in 1936, Philipp-Ernst's father Wolrad became the new head of the House of Schaumburg-Lippe.He was married to Eva-Benita Freiin von Tiele-Winckler (1927�2013) at B�ckeburg on 3 October 1955. They had two sons, with the elder Georg-Wilhelm dying in a motorcycle accident in 1983.


Duke Ernest Gottlob Albert of Mecklenburg (27 August 1742 � 27 January 1814) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. As a younger son of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Ernest was an elder brother of Queen Charlotte of the United Kingdom, who married King George III in 1761. Ernest followed his sister to England, where he unsuccessfully pursued marriage with the country's largest heiress, Mary Eleanor Bowes.Enormous debt would later lead Ernest to attempt another marriage with a princess from the House of Holstein-Gottorp, but Charlotte managed to dissuade him. Ernest eventually became the military governor of Celle in the Electorate of Hanover, of which his brother-in-law George III was the head. Ernest died in 1814 at the age of 71 during the reign of George III but under the regency of his nephew George IV.Ernest Gottlob Albert was the seventh child and third son of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg and his wife Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen. Ernest's younger sister Charlotte married George III of the United Kingdom in 1761, and Ernest followed her to London In 1782 Ernest attempted to enter into a marriage with a princess from the House of Holstein-Gottorp in an effort to pay his numerous debts. However, both the fact that he was a third son and the uncle of a male heir limited his appeal to potential dynastic alliances. Charlotte advised her brother to drop the match, as the dowry of the princess in question would not be enough to settle his debts; furthermore, neither she nor her husband would be able to help with his finances. She hoped that Christian VII of Denmark would provide a large dowry, as the princess was a member of his house, but concluded that no one would blame Ernest if he stopped pursuing the marriage. This frank advice was later praised by their brother Charles, and Ernest never married.He died on 27 January 1814 at the age of 71.




Ernest II, Count of Mansfeld-Vorderort (6 December 1479 - 9 May 1531, Artern) was a German nobleman from the Mansfeld-Vorderort line of the House of Mansfeld. He was the fifth child and third son of Albert III (V), Count of Mansfeld, Lord in Mansfeld and Lord in Heldrungen (c.1450 - 3 December 1484, Leipzig) and succeeded him on his death.His first marriage was in Stolberg in 1500 to Barbara von Querfurt (c 1485 - 23. January 1511), daughter of Bruno VII (IX), the last lord (Herr) of Querfurt, and his wife Brigitte zu Stolberg (1468�1518).Ernest's second marriage was to Dorothea, Countess at Solms-Lich (25 January 1493 - 8 June 1578, Mansfeld), daughter of Philip, Count of Solms-Lich (1468) and his wife Adriana von Hanau-M�nzenberg (1470�1524). Two of his children by his second marriage were the military commander Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort (1517-1604) and Elisabeth (ca. 1516�1541), briefly wife of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Saxony.


Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort (20 July 1517 � 25 May 1604) was a Spanish Imperial army commander of German origin and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1592 to 1594. Born in Heldrungen, Saxony, he was the 11th child (of 16) of Ernest II, Count of Mansfeld-Vorderort. His mother was Ernest II's second wife, Dorothea von Solms-LichHis first marriage (1 April 1542) to Margaretha van Brederode (*ca. 1520 � died Nemours, 31 May 1554), daughter of Reinoud III van Brederode 11th Lord of Brederode and Philippine de La Marck, produced 3 children. His second marriage on 22 February 1562 to Marie de Montmorency (died 5 February 1570) produced 2 children


Peter Ernst, Graf von Mansfeld (German: Peter Ernst Graf von Mansfeld)(c. 1580 � 29 November 1626), or simply Ernst von Mansfeld, was a German military commander who, despite being a Catholic, fought for the Protestants during the early years of the Thirty Years' War. He was one of the leading mercenary generals of the war. Mansfeld was an illegitimate son of Count Peter Ernst von Mansfeld (1517�1604) with Anna Benzerath He was raised in the Catholic faith at his father's palace in Luxembourg


Count Ernst R�diger von Starhemberg (12 January 1638 � 4 January 1701) was military governor of Vienna from 1680, the city's defender during the Battle of Vienna in 1683, Imperial general during the Great Turkish War, and President of the Hofkriegsrat. By birth he was member of the House of Starhemberg.He was born in Graz, Styria, as son of Count Conrad Balthasar von Starhemberg (1612-1687) and his first wife Countess Anna Elisabeth von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (died in 1659). His cousin Count Guido von Starhemberg also became a famous soldier and fought as an adjutant at his side. Ernst R�diger von Starhemberg fought in the 1660s under Imperial Lieutenant general Raimondo Montecuccoli against French and Ottoman forces.He married firstly his third cousin, Countess Helena Dorothea von Starhemberg (1634-1688). After the death of his first wife, he married again in 1689 to Countess Maria Josepha J�rger von Tollet (1668-1746), his fourth cousin, once removed. He left issue from both marriages. The later Austrian politician Ernst R�diger, F�rst zu Starhemberg (1899-1956) was his descendant.


John Ernst of Nassau-Weilburg (13 June 1664 � 27 February 1719) was an Imperial Generalfeldmarschall, from 1675 to 1688 Count and from 1688 till his death Prince (F�rst) of Nassau-Weilburg. John Ernst was the eldest son of Frederick, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1640�1675) and Christiane Elisabeth of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1646�1678). After the death of his parents, his regents were John, Count of Nassau-Idstein and after his death, John Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler.John Ernst married on April 3, 1683, Countess Maria Polyxena of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hartenburg (February 7, 1662 � April 22, 1725), daughter of Friedrich Emich, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hartenburg (1621-1698) and Countess Sybille von Waldeck-Wildungen (1619-1678).They had 9 children


Count Ernst Adalbert von Harrach (4 November 1598 � 25 October 1667) was an Austrian Catholic Cardinal who was appointed Archbishop of Prague and Prince-Bishop of Trento. His name in Czech is Arno�t Vojtěch hrabě z Harrachu. Adalbert von Harrach was born 4 November 1598 in Vienna, Austria, the son of Count Karl von Harrach and Maria Elisabeth von Schrattenbach.

Count Ernst of Solms Labach (1837-1908)

Ernst Johann von Biron (German: Ernst Johann von Biron; Russian: Эрнст Иоганн Бирон) (German: B�hren)( 23 November [O.S. 13 November] 1690 � 29 December [O.S. 18 December] 1772) was a Duke of Courland and Semigallia (1737�1740 and 1763�1769) and briefly regent of the Russian Empire in 1740.Biron was born as Ernst Johann von B�hren in Kalnciems, Semigallia as a second son of Karl von B�hren (1653-1733) and his wife Katharina Hedwig von der Raab genannt Th�len (1660-1740). His grandfather Carl von B�hren (died in 1674) had been a groom in the service of Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland, and had received a small estate from his master, which Biron's father inherited and where Biron himself was born.In 1723, Biron married Benigna Gottlieb von Trotha gt Treyden (1703�1782), lady-in-waiting to Regent Anna and the daughter of a Baltic nobleman. The marriage, which was reportedly arranged by Anna in an attempt to conceal her own relationship with Biron, proved harmonious and felicitous. His wife remained devoted to Biron not only throughout his years as Anna's favorite and confidant, but also during his two decades of exile to Siberia after her death, which Benigna shared with Biron. They had three children together, a son, Peter, prince of Courland, a son Karl Ernst von Biron (1728�1801) and a daughter, Hedvig Elizabeth.


Ernst Christian Einar Ludvig Detlev, Graf zu Reventlow (18 August 1869 � 21 November 1943) was a German naval officer, journalist and Nazi politician.  the son of Ludvig Christian Detlev Frederik, Graf zu Reventlow (January 6, 1824 - June 14, 1893), a Danish nobleman, and Emilie Julie Anna Louise Rantzau (April 19, 1834 - November 19, 1905)


Graf Ernst Friedrich Herbert zu M�nster (born 1 March 1766- 20 May 1839) was a German statesman, politician and minister in the service of the House of Hanover. Ernst zu M�nster was born the son of Georg von M�nster zu Surenburg (1721�1773), Hofmarschall of the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabr�ck, and his second wife Eleonore.M�nster was married to Wilhelmine Charlotte von Lippe-Alverdissen, Countess of M�nster (1783�1858); he was survived by his wife and son Georg Herbert M�nster when he died in 1839.


Count Ernst Johann von Stackelberg (Russian: Эрнест Густавович Штакельберг) (1813 - 30 August 1870) was a Baltic German military figure and diplomat.

Hihihihi 

I used to have an Ernst in a former volleybal team. As he wasn't that serious, his name was ill fitting 

Richard Cromwell (1626�1712), son and successor of Oliver Cromwell, Protector of England


Richard fitz Gilbert (before 1035 � c. 1090), Norman lord involved in the conquest of England

Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester (1222�1262)

Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge

Richard �g de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (1259�1326)

Richard Orsini (died 1304), Count Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos, Count of Gravina, Bailli of Achaea


Richard of Conisbrough, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (20 July 1385 � 5 August 1415) was the second son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York. He was beheaded for his part in the Southampton Plot, a conspiracy against King Henry V. He was the father of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and the grandfather of King Edward IV and King Richard III. Richard of York was born about 20 July 1385 at Conisbrough Castle, Yorkshire, the second son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and his first wife, Isabella of Castille. Early in 1408 Richard married Anne de Mortimer, the eldest of the four children of Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland. Anne was a niece of Richard's stepmother Joan HollandThe marriage took place secretly, without parental consent, and was validated on 23 May 1408 by papal dispensation. It brought Richard no financial benefit, since Anne's only income was an annuity of �50 granted for her maintenance by Henry IV in 1406By his first wife, Cambridge had two sons and a daughterAnne de Mortimer died on 22 September 1411 soon after the birth of her son Richard. She was buried at Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, once the site of Kings Langley Palace, perhaps in the conventual church which houses the tombs of her husband's father Edmund and his first wife Isabella of CastileAfter the death of Anne de Mortimer, Cambridge married Maud Clifford, the divorced wife of John Neville, 6th Baron Latimer, and daughter of Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford, by Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros, of Helmsley

Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 � 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate and claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the ruling House of Plantagenet by virtue of being a direct male line descendant of Edmund of Langley, Edward III�s fourth surviving son. However, it was through his mother, Anne Mortimer, a descendant of Edward III�s second surviving son, Lionel of Antwerp, that Richard inherited his strongest claim to the throne. He also inherited vast estates and served in various offices of state in Ireland, France, and England, a country he ultimately governed as Lord Protector during the madness of King Henry VI. He was the son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge (1385�1415), and his wife Anne Mortimer (1388�1411). Both his parents were descended from King Edward III of England (1312�1377): his father was son of Edmund, 1st Duke of York (founder of the House of York), fourth surviving son of Edward III, whereas his mother Anne Mortimer was a great-granddaughter of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Edward's second son. After the death in 1425 of Anne's childless brother Edmund, Earl of March, this ancestry supplied her son Richard, of the House of York, with a claim to the English throne that was arguably superior to that of the reigning House of Lancaster, descended from John of Gaunt, the third son of Edward III. He had 12 children with  Cecily Neville


Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1400 � 31 December 1460) was an English nobleman and magnate based in northern England who became a key supporter of the House of York during the early years of the Wars of the Roses. He was the father of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, the "Kingmaker". He was born in 1400 at Raby Castle in County Durham, the third son (and tenth child) of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, by his first son by his second wife, Joan Beaufort, the youngest of the four legitimised children and only daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (third surviving son of King Edward III), by his mistress, later wife, Katherine Swynford Richard married Alice Montagu, daughter and heiress of Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury. The date of Richard and Alice's marriage is not known, but it must have been before February 1421, when as a married couple they appeared at the coronation of Queen Catherine of Valois. At the time of the marriage, the Salisbury inheritance was not guaranteed, as not only was Thomas Montacute still alive, but in 1424 he remarried (to Alice Chaucer, granddaughter of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer). This second marriage was without issue and when the Thomas Montagu died in 1428, Richard Neville and Alice were confirmed as the Earl and Countess of Salisbury. They had  twelve children


Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick KG (22 November 1428 � 14 April 1471), known as Warwick the Kingmaker, was an English nobleman, administrator, and military commander. The eldest son of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, he became Earl of Warwick through marriage, and was the wealthiest and most powerful English peer of his age, with political connections that went beyond the country's borders. One of the leaders in the Wars of the Roses, originally on the Yorkist side but later switching to the Lancastrian side, he was instrumental in the deposition of two kings, which led to his epithet of "Kingmaker".The Neville family, an ancient Durham family, came to prominence in England's fourteenth-century wars against the Scots. In 1397, King Richard II granted Ralph Neville the title of Earl of Westmorland. Ralph's son Richard, the later Earl of Warwick's father, was a younger son by a second marriage, and not heir to the earldom. He received a favourable settlement, however, and became jure uxoris ("by right of his wife") Earl of Salisbury through his marriage to Alice, daughter and heiress of Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury. He was married to    Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. They had 2 daughters


Richard Stanley, 3rd son of Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby and his 1st wife Eleanor Neville (d.1472). He died young.

Richard Hastings (1464�1465), son of Katherine Neville and her 2nd husband William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings

Richard Hastings (born 1468), son of Katherine Neville and her 2nd husband William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings

Richard Talbot, son of Anne Hastings, Countess of Shrewsbury (c. 1471�1520) and George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, 9th Baron Furnivall.


Sir Richard, 6th Baron FitzHugh who married Elizabeth Burgh, daughter of Thomas Burgh of Gainsborough; their son, George, inherited the barony of FitzHugh, but after his death in 1513 the barony fell into abeyance between his aunt Alice and her nephew Sir Thomas Parr, son of his other aunt Elizabeth. This abeyance continues to the present day Son of Alice Neville, Baroness FitzHugh (c. 1430 � after 22 November 1503) and Henry, Lord FitzHugh

Richard Fiennes (born about 1476), son of Sir John Fiennes and Alice FitzHugh (c. 1448 � 10 July 1516)

Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York (17 August 1473 � c. 1483), was the sixth child and second son of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville, born in Shrewsbury. Richard and his older brother, who briefly reigned as King Edward V of England, mysteriously disappeared shortly after Richard III became king in 1483.


Richard de la Pole (early 1480s? � 24 February 1525) was a pretender to the English crown. Commonly nicknamed "White Rose", he was the last Yorkist claimant to actively and openly seek the crown of England. He lived in exile after many of his relatives were executed, becoming allied with Louis XII of France in the War of the League of Cambrai. Louis saw him as a more favourable ally and prospect for an English king than Henry VIII.He was the seventh and youngest son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and his wife Elizabeth of York. His mother was the second of the three surviving daughters of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville. She was a younger sister to Edward IV of England, as well as Edmund, Earl of Rutland and Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, and an older sister to Margaret of York, George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Richard III of England.Richard de la Pole was never known to have married, but he is known to have had a daughter by a mistress


Richard of Clarence (5 October 1476 � 1 January 1477); born at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire; died at Warwick Castle and buried in Warwick. Son of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence (21 October 1449 � 18 February 1478) and Lady Isabel Neville (5 September 1451 � 22 December 1476)

Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington (1694�1753), instrumental in the revival of Palladian architecture

Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos KG, PC (20 March 1776 � 17 January 1839), styled Earl Temple from 1784 to 1813 and known as the Marquess of Buckingham from 1813 to 1822, was a British landowner and politician Born Richard Temple-Nugent-Grenville, he was the eldest son of George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham, son of George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain. His mother was Lady Mary Nugent, daughter of Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent. Thomas Grenville and Lord Grenville were his uncles In April 1796, aged 20, the then Earl Temple married the Lady Anne Brydges, daughter and sole heir of the late James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos. Accordingly, Nugent-Temple-Grenville added Brydges and Chandos to their family names (and those of their children) by Royal licence of 15 November 1799; and their full family name became the remarkable quintuple-barreled Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville. His wife died in 1836 and he died in January 1839, aged 62, and he was succeeded by his son, Richard.


Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, KG, GCH, PC, FSA (11 February 1797 � 29 July 1861), styled Viscount Cobham from birth until 1813, Earl Temple between 1813 and 1822 and Marquess of Chandos between 1822 and 1839, was a British Tory politician. He served as Lord Privy Seal between 1841 and 1842.Born at Stowe, Buckinghamshire, the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos was the son of the Richard Nugent-Temple-Grenville, Earl Temple (later created the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos) and Lady Anne Brydges, the only surviving child of the 3rd Duke of Chandos. In addition to being the Duchess of Buckingham and Chandos, Lady Anne was suo jure Lady Kinloss. In 1799, Richard Temple-Nugent-Grenville changed the already triple-barrelled family name to Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville by royal license to reflect his wife's family The second Duke was a paternal grandson of the 1st Marquess of Buckingham and a great-grandson of Prime Minister George GrenvilleIn 1819, Buckingham married Lady Mary Campbell, daughter of Lieut-Gen The 4th Earl of Breadalbane (later created Marquess of Breadalbane). They had one son, Richard, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, and one daughter, Lady Anna, but were divorced in 1850 after Buckingham had lost his inheritance. Anna went to campaign for women's rights. At that time, divorce required an Act of Parliament.Buckingham died at the Great Western Hotel, Paddington, London, in July 1861, aged 64, and was succeeded in the dukedom by his only son. His former wife died less than a year later in June 1862, aged 66

Arthur is a common male given name of Brythonic origin. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. The etymology is disputed, but it is most widely believed to derive from the Celtic Artos meaning �Bear�. Another theory is that the name is derived from the Roman clan Artorius A common spelling variant used in many Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages is Artur. In Spanish and Italian is Arturo.


King Arthur, king of Britain in Arthurian legend


Arthur I (Breton: Arzhur ;French: Arthur 1er de Bretagne) (29 March 1187 � presumably 1203) was 4th Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany between 1196 and 1203. He was the posthumous son of Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, and Constance, Duchess of Brittany. His father, Geoffrey, was the son of Henry II, King of England. In 1190 Arthur was designated heir to the throne of England and its French territory by his uncle, Richard I, the intent being that Arthur would succeed Richard in preference to Richard's younger brother John. Nothing is recorded of Arthur after his incarceration in Rouen Castle in 1203, and while his precise fate is unknown, it is generally believed he was killed by John.



Arthur II (25 July 1261 � 27 August 1312), of the House of Dreux, was Duke of Brittany from 1305 to his death. He was the first son of John II and Beatrice, daughter of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence After he inherited the ducal throne, his brother John became Earl of Richmond As duke, Arthur was independent of the French crown. He divided his duchy into eight "battles": L�on, Kernev, Landreger, Penteur, Gwened, Naoned, Roazhon, and Sant Malou. In 1309, he convoked the first Estates of Brittany. It was the first time in French history that the third estate was represented.In 1275, Arthur married Marie, Viscountess of Limoges, daughter of Guy VI, Viscount of Limoges, and Margaret, Lady of Molinot They were parents of three childrenMarie died in 1291. In May 1292, Arthur married Yolande of Dreux who was Countess of Montfort, daughter of Robert IV, Count of Dreux, and Beatrice de Montfort. Yolande had briefly been Queen of Scotland by her first marriage.They were parents of six children


Arthur III (Breton: Arzhur), more commonly known as Arthur de Richemont (24 August 1393 � 26 December 1458), was briefly Duke of Brittany from 1457 until his death. He is noted primarily, however, for his role as a leading military commander during the Hundred Years' War. Although Richemont briefly sided with the English once, he otherwise remained firmly committed to the House of Valois. He fought alongside Joan of Arc, and was appointed Constable of France. His military and administrative reforms in the French state were an important factor in assuring the final defeat of the English in the Hundred Years' War.
Arthur was a younger son of Duke John IV and his third wife Joanna of Navarre, and so a member of the Ducal House of Montfort. Arthur was born at the Ch�teau de Suscinio. After the death of his father, his mother remarried Henry IV of England and became Queen (Dowager) of England.Arthur was married three times.His wives were as follows: 1. married in Dijon on 10 October 1423 Margaret of Burgundy (d. 1441), daughter of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy and widow of Dauphin Louis, Duke of Guyenne. 2. married in N�rac c. 29 August 1442 Jeanne II d'Albret (d. 1444), daughter of Charles II, Count of Dreux and Anne of Armagnac (1402 � before March 1473). Jeanne II d'Albret was Countess of Dreux. Their marriage had no descendants 3. married on 2 July 1445 Catherine of Luxembourg-Saint-Pol (d. 1492), daughter of Peter of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol


Arthur, Prince of Wales (19/20 September 1486 � 2 April 1502), was the eldest son of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York. He was Duke of Cornwall from birth, and he was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in 1489. As the heir apparent of his father, Arthur was viewed by contemporaries as the great hope of the newly established House of Tudor. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of Edward IV, and his birth cemented the union between the House of Tudor and the House of York.Plans for Arthur's marriage began before his third birthday; he was installed as Prince of Wales two years later. At the age of eleven, he was formally betrothed to Catherine of Aragon, a daughter of the powerful Catholic Monarchs in Spain, in an effort to forge an Anglo-Spanish alliance against France. Arthur was well educated and was in good health for the majority of his life. Soon after his marriage to Catherine in 1501, the couple took up residence at Ludlow Castle in Shropshire, where Arthur died six months later of the sweating sickness, which Catherine survived. Catherine later firmly stated that the marriage had not been consummated.


Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (Arthur William Patrick Albert)(1 May 1850 � 16 January 1942), was the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He served as the Governor General of Canada, the tenth since Canadian Confederation and the only British prince to do so. In 1910 he was appointed Grand Prior of the Order of St John and held this position until 1939.Arthur was born at Buckingham Palace on 1 May 1850, the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.On his mother's birthday (24 May) in 1874, Arthur was created a royal peer, being titled as the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn and Earl of Sussex. Some years later, Arthur came into the direct line of succession to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in Germany, upon the death in 1899 of his nephew, Prince Alfred of Edinburgh, the only son of his elder brother, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh. He decided, however, to renounce his own and his son's succession rights to the duchy, which then passed to his other nephew, Prince Charles Edward, the posthumous son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany. At St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, on 13 March 1879, Arthur married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia, the daughter of Prince Frederick Charles and a great-niece of the German Emperor, Arthur's godfather, Wilhelm I. The couple had three children: Princess Margaret Victoria Charlotte Augusta Norah (born 15 January 1882), Prince Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert (born 13 January 1883), and Princess Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth (born 17 March 1886), who were all raised at the Connaughts' country home, Bagshot Park, in Surrey, and after 1900 at Clarence House, the Connaughts' London residence. Through his children's marriages, Arthur became the father-in-law of Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden; Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife; and Sir Alexander Ramsay. Arthur's first two children predeceased him; Margaret while pregnant with his sixth grandchild.For many years, Arthur maintained a liaison with Leonie, Lady Leslie, sister of Jennie Churchill, while still remaining devoted to his wife.  


Prince Arthur of Connaught KG KT GCMG GCVO CB PC (Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert)( 13 January 1883 � 12 September 1938) was a British military officer and a grandson of Queen Victoria. He served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 20 November 1920 to 21 January 1924. Prince Arthur was born on 13 January 1883 at Windsor Castle. His father was Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. His mother was the former Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia.On 15 October 1913, Prince Arthur married his cousin Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (17 May 1891 � 26 February 1959) at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, London They had a son, Alastair.




Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (1 May 1769 � 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as prime minister of the United Kingdom. He is among the commanders who won and ended the Napoleonic Wars when the coalition defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Wellesley was born into an aristocratic Anglo-Irish family, belonging to the Protestant Ascendancy, in Ireland as The Hon. Arthur Wesley. Wellesley was born the son of Anne Wellesley, Countess of Mornington and Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington. His father, Garret Wesley, was the son of Richard Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington  Wellesley was married by his brother Gerald, a clergyman, to Kitty Pakenham in St George's Church, Dublin on 10 April 1806 They had two children: Arthur was born in 1807 and Charles was born in 1808. The marriage proved unsatisfactory and the two spent years apart, while Wellesley was campaigning and afterward. Kitty grew depressed, and Wellesley pursued other sexual and romantic partners.The couple largely lived apart, with Kitty spending most of her time at their country home, Stratfield Saye House and Wellesley at their London home, Apsley House. Kitty's brother Edward Pakenham served under Wellesley throughout the Peninsular War, and Wellesley's regard for him helped to smooth his relations with Kitty, until Pakenham's death at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 Kitty died of cancer in 1831; despite their generally unhappy relations, which had led to an effective separation, Wellington was said to have been greatly saddened by her death, his one comfort being that after "half a lifetime together, they had come to understand each other at the end".He had found consolation for his unhappy marriage in his warm friendship with the diarist Harriet Arbuthnot, wife of his colleague Charles Arbuthnot. Harriet's death in the cholera epidemic of 1834 was almost as great a blow to Wellington as it was to her husband. The two widowers spent their last years together at Apsley House.



Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, KG, PC (3 February 1807 � 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Wellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea "Kitty" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. Wellington married Lady Elizabeth Hay, daughter of Field Marshal George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale, in 1839. They had no children The marriage was not a happy one although Lady Elizabeth was a great favourite with her father-in-lawThe relationship between father and son is often described as the classic case of the son of a famous father who cannot match such fame


Arthur Wellesley (5 May 1845 � 7 July 1846), son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley (16 January 1808 � 9 October 1858) and  Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont.


Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, KG, GCVO, DL (15 March 1849 � 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the third son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont On 24 October 1872, he married Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams, daughter of Captain Robert Griffith Williams (brother of Sir Richard Bulkeley Williams-Bulkeley, 10th Baronet) and wife Mary Anne Geale (daughter of Pears Geale, of Dublin). He and his wife had six children


Arthur Charles Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington, JP (9 June 1876 � 11 December 1941), known as Arthur Wellesley from 1876 to 1900, and styled as Marquess of Douro from 1900 to 1934, was a British nobleman and landowner. Wellesley was born in 1876 to Arthur Charles Wellesley (youngest son of Lord Charles Wellesley) and his wife, Kathleen Bulkeley Williams. Wellesley's father inherited the ducal title and vast Wellington estates upon his elder brother's death in 1900, and became the 4th Duke of Wellington. In 1909, he married Lilian Maud Glen Coats, elder daughter of George Coats (who became the 1st Baron Glentanar in 1916). They had two children.


Arthur Charles Valerian Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington, 9th Prince of Waterloo, 10th Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, 9th Duke of Victoria, 9th Marquis of Torres Vedras OBE, DL (born 19 August 1945), styled Earl of Mornington between 1945 and 1972 and Marquess of Douro between 1972 and 2014, is a British peer and politician. He served as Conservative Member of the European Parliament for Surrey (1979�1984) and Surrey West (1984�1989) and sits as a hereditary peer in the House of Lords. Wellington was born in 1945 at Princess Christian Nursing Home, Windsor, Berkshire, the eldest son of Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington, and the former Diana McConnel He married Princess Antonia of Prussia on 3 February 1977 at St. Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, London. They have 5 children.


Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington (born 31 January 1978); oldest child and son of Arthur Charles Valerian Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington, 9th Prince of Waterloo, 10th Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, 9th Duke of Victoria, 9th Marquis of Torres Vedras and Princess Antonia of Prussia  He was married (4 June 2005 - August 2020) to former model, now make-up artist Jemma Kidd (born 20 September 1974), fashion stylist and great-granddaughter of Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook; they have issue two sons and a daughter

Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire PC, FRS (3 March 1753 � 7 September 1801), styled Viscount Fairford until 1789 and Earl of Hillsborough from 1789 to 1793, was a British peer and MP. Hill was the eldest son of Wills Hill, 1st Earl of Hillsborough (later Marquess of Downshire).On 29 June 1786, he married Mary Sandys, by whom he had seven children


Arthur Blundell Sandys Trumbull Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire KP (8 October 1788 � 12 September 1845) was an Anglo-Irish peer, styled Viscount Fairford from 1789 until 1793 and Earl of Hillsborough from 1793 to 1801. He was born in Hanover Square, the eldest son of Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire, and his wife, Mary Sandys. He became Marquess of Downshire on the early death of his father in 1801. In 1811 he married Lady Mary Windsor, daughter of Other Windsor, 5th Earl of Plymouth. They had five children

Arthur Marcus Cecil Sandys, 3rd Baron Sandys (28 January 1798 � 10 April 1863), known as Lord Marcus Hill until 1860, was a British Whig politician. Lea & Perrins has claimed that Sandys encountered a precursor to Worcestershire sauce while in India with the East India Company in the 1830s, and commissioned the local apothecaries to recreate it, eventually leading to its popularity in England. He was a son of Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire, and his wife, Mary Sandys.Lord Sandys married Louisa, daughter of Joseph Blake, in 1837. He died in April 1863, aged 65, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Augustus. Lady Sandys died in April 1886.


Lord Arthur Augustus Edwin Hill (13 Aug 1800 � 10 July 1831) He was a son of Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire, and his wife, Mary Sandys


Arthur Wills Blundell Sandys Trumbull Windsor Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire KP (6 August 1812 � 6 August 1868) was an Irish peer, styled Earl of Hillsborough until 1845. The eldest son of Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire, Hillsborough was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1830On 23 August 1837, Hillsborough married Hon. Caroline Frances Stapleton Cotton, the eldest daughter of Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere. They had four children


Lieutenant-General Arthur Moyses William Hill, 2nd Baron Sandys (10 January 1792 � 16 July 1860), styled as Lord Arthur Hill until 1836, was an Anglo-Irish soldier and politician.Hill was the second son of Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire, and Mary, daughter and heiress of Colonel the Honourable Martin Sandys, son of Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron SandysHill died in July 1860, aged 68. He never married.


Arthur Edwin Hill-Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor (4 November 1819 � 25 December 1894), styled as Lord Edwin Hill until 1862 and as Lord Edwin Hill-Trevor from 1862 to 1880, was a long-standing Anglo-Irish Conservative Member of Parliament. Hill-Trevor was the third son of Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire, and his wife Lady Maria (n�e Windsor). He was elected to the House of Commons for County Down in 1845, a seat he held for the next 35 years. Lord Trevor married, firstly, Mary Emily, daughter of Sir Richard Sutton, 2nd Baronet, in 1848. After her death in 1855 he married, secondly, the Hon. Mary Catherine, daughter of Reverend the Hon. Alfred Curzon, in 1858. Trevor died in December 1894, aged 75, and was succeeded in the barony by his son from his first marriage, Arthur. Lady Trevor died in 1912.


Arthur Hill, Viscount Kilwarlin (10 June 1841 � 28 June 1841),  son of Arthur Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire, by his wife the Honourable Caroline Frances Stapleton-Cotton


Arthur Wills Blundell Trumbull Sandys Roden Hill, 5th Marquess of Downshire (24 December 1844 � 31 March 1874), was an Irish peer, styled Earl of Hillsborough until 1868. He became Marquess of Downshire in 1868 on the death of his father. Arthur Hill was son to Arthur Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire (1812�1868), known as the 'Big Marquess', and the Hon. Caroline Frances Stapleton Cotton, the eldest daughter of Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere. Hill's siblings were Lady Alice Maria Hill (7 November 1842 � 25 February 1928), who married Thomas Taylour, Earl of Bective, and Colonel Lord Arthur William Hill (1846�1931)Hill married Georgiana Elizabeth Balfour (died 12 January 1919), on 25 July 1870, daughter of Colonel John Balfour of Balbirnie (1811�1895) and Lady Georgiana Isabel (Campbell) Balfour (died 3 December 1884). Their only child was Arthur Wills John Wellington Trumbull Blundell Hill who became the 6th Marquess of Downshire.


Colonel Lord Arthur William Hill PC, DL, JP (28 July 1846 � 13 January 1931), was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Conservative politician. He served three times as Comptroller of the Household between 1885 and 1898 in the Conservative administrations headed by Lord Salisbury. Hill was a younger son of Arthur Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire, by his wife the Honourable Caroline Frances Stapleton-Cotton, daughter of Field Marshal Stapleton Stapleton-Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere. Arthur Hill, 5th Marquess of Downshire, was his elder brotherHill was twice married. He married firstly Annie Nisida Denham Cookes, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel George Denham Cookes, in 1873. They had one son, Arthur Hill, who succeeded his father as MP for West Down in 1898. Lady Arthur Hill died in January 1874, shortly after the birth of her only child. Hill married as his second wife Annie Harrison, daughter of James Fortescue Harrison, MP for Kilmarnock, in 1877. They had one daughter. Hill died in January 1931, aged 84. Lady Arthur Hill died in February 1944



Arthur Wills John Wellington Trumbull Blundell Hill,  who became the 6th Marquess of Downshire. Son of Arthur Wills Blundell Trumbull Sandys Roden Hill, 5th Marquess of Downshire (24 December 1844 � 31 March 1874) and  Georgiana Elizabeth Balfour (died 12 January 1919)


Arthur, son of Arthur Edwin Hill-Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor (4 November 1819 � 25 December 1894) and his 1st wife Mary Emily Sutton


Captain Arthur Blundell George Sandys Hill (13 May 1837 � 16 June 1923) son of Lord George Augusta Hill (9 December 1801 � 6 April 1879) and his 1st wife Cassandra Jane Knight (16 November 1806 � 14 March 1842)



Lord Arthur John Henry Somerset (12 February 1780 � 18 April 1816), English politician, was the sixth son of Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort. Lord Arthur married his first cousin, Hon. Elizabeth Boscawen (bef. 1793 � 2 March 1872), daughter of George Boscawen, 3rd Viscount Falmouth, on 23 June 1808. They had three children


Arthur Edward Somerset (28 August 1813 � 9 September 1853), son of Lord Arthur John Henry Somerset (12 February 1780 � 18 April 1816) and Hon. Elizabeth Boscawen (bef. 1793 � 2 March 1872)   He married his first cousin, Hon. Frances Boscawen, daughter of Rev. Hon. John Evelyn Boscawen, and had issue.


Lord Arthur Chichester (30 September 1808 � 25 January 1840), was an Anglo-Irish Member of Parliament (MP).Chichester was the fourth son of George Chichester, 2nd Marquess of Donegall, and Anna, daughter of Sir Edward May, 2nd Baronet. George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall, Edward Chichester, 4th Marquess of Donegall, and Lord John Chichester were his brothers.



Arthur Campbell Hamilton, Lord Hamilton, PC (born Glasgow)(10 June 1942), is a Scottish judge and served as Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session from November 2005 until 8 June 2012, succeeding Lord Cullen Lord Hamilton married Christine Anne Croll in 1970, with whom he has one daughter.


Major Lord Henry Arthur George Somerset DL (17 November 1851 � 26 May 1926) was the third son of the 8th Duke of Beaufort and his wife, the former Lady Georgiana Curzon. He was head of the stables of the future King Edward VII (then Prince of Wales) and a Major in the Royal Horse Guards.Lord Arthur Somerset was linked with the Cleveland Street scandal, in which he was identified and named by several male prostitutes as a customer of their services. He was interviewed by the police on 7 August 1889, and although the record of the interview has not survived, it resulted in a report being made by the Attorney-General, Solicitor-General and Director of Prosecutions urging that proceedings should be taken against him under section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885. A piece of paper was pasted over Somerset's name in the report, as it was deemed so sensitive. It is believed that he gave the police the initials of a member of the Royal family "P. A. V.", which stood for Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, his employer and the second in line to the throne, who � he alleged � also frequented the brothel. After that, the Director was told that the Home Secretary wished him to take no action for the moment.[1] The police obtained a further statement implicating Somerset, while Somerset arranged for his solicitor to act in the defence of the boys arrested over the scandal. After the police saw him for a second time on 22 August, Somerset obtained leave from his regiment and permission to go abroad Lord Arthur went to Bad Homburg in Germany, although he returned to England. When tipped off in September that charges were imminent, he fled to France to avoid them. From there he travelled through Constantinople, Budapest, Vienna, and back to France, where he settled, living with an Englishman, James Neale, until his death in 1926, aged 74


Arthur William FitzRoy Somerset (20 September 1855 � 8 January 1937) was an English first-class cricketer. Somerset is the great grandson of Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort and the son of Colonel FitzRoy Molyneux Henry Somerset and Jemima Drummond Nairne. He married his 2nd cousin Gwendolin Adelaide Katherine Georgiana Matilda Somerset, daughter of Sir Alfred Plantagenet Frederick Charles Somerset and Adelaide Harriet Brooke-Pechell, on 25 July 1887. They had 3 children.


Arthur Plantagenet Francis Cecil Somerset (28 September 1889 � 13 October 1957) was an English cricketer active from 1911 to 1919 who played for Sussex. He was born and died in Worthing. He appeared in 29 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He scored 438 runs with a highest score of 39 not out and took 33 wickets with a best performance of five for 62. Son of Arthur William FitzRoy Somerset and Gwendolin Adelaide Katherine Georgiana Matilda Somerset


Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Lord Balmerino[a] and 5th Lord Cupar (1688 � 18 August 1746) was a Scottish nobleman and Jacobite, or supporter of the claim of the exiled House of Stuart to the British throne Arthur Elphinstone was the son of John Elphinstone, 4th Lord Balmerino and 3rd Lord Cupar, and of his second wife, Anne Ross or Rose, daughter of Arthur Rose, Archbishop of St Andrews. He was born in Balmerino House in Leith and lived there most of his lifeHe was married to Margaret Chalmers daughter of Captain Chalmers of Leith but they had no children


Arthur de Gobineau (14 July 1816 � 13 October 1882) was a French aristocrat who is best known for helping to legitimise racism by the use of scientific racist theory and "racial demography", and for developing the theory of the Aryan master race. Known to his contemporaries as a novelist, diplomat and travel writer, he was an elitist who, in the immediate aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848, wrote An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races. In it he argued aristocrats were superior to commoners, and that aristocrats possessed more Aryan genetic traits because of less interbreeding with inferior races.  His father, Louis de Gobineau (1784�1858), was a military officer and staunch royalist His mother, Anne-Louise Magdeleine de Gercy, was the daughter of a non-noble royal tax official. The de Gercy family lived in the French Crown colony of Saint-Domingue (modern Haiti) for a time in the 18th century. Gobineau always feared he might have black ancestors on his mother's side In 1846, Gobineau married Cl�mence Gabrielle Monnerot. She had pressed for a hasty marriage as she was pregnant by their mutual friend Pierre de Serre who had abandoned her. As a practicing Catholic, she did not wish to give birth to an illegitimate child. Monnerot had been born in Martinique. As with his mother, Gobineau was never entirely certain if his wife, and hence his two daughters had black ancestors or not, as it was a common practice for French slave masters in the Caribbean to take a slave mistress.[4] Gobineau's opposition to slavery, which he held always resulted in harmful miscegenation to whites, stemmed from his own personal anxieties that his mother or his wife might have African ancestry. he had 2 daughters


Arthur baron of G�ldencrone (1869�1895), son of Diane de Gobineau (13 September 1848 � 1930) and  Danish baron Ode of G�ldencrone


Major-General Count Arthur Cherep-Spiridovich (Spiridovitch) (or A. de Tcherep-Spiridovitch) (aka Artur Čerep-Spiridovič) (8 September 1866 � 22 October 1926) was a major-general in the Imperial Russian Navy Arthur often referred to himself as "count" Cherep-Spiridovich. This title of "count" had been conferred on him by Pope Pius X, not by the Russian government. Consequently, although he held the title of "count" legitimately as a member of the papal nobility,  this title and rank as a member of the papal nobility did not, in fact, confer on him any corresponding noble standing in Russia. In other words, the Russian government did not recognize him as a "count" of the Russian nobility. Arthur was a vigorous defender and promoter of Christianity (in the form of both Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity) against the numerous anti-Christian and anti-gentile doctrines he perceived especially in the Babylonian Talmud, which he believed classified the behavior of Christians as ritually impure. His pro-Catholic activities in this regard were recognized by the Vatican, and formed the basis of his ennoblement by Pope Pius X to the rank of "count" in the papal nobility.


Arthur Dillon, Count Dillon (1670�1733) was a Jacobite soldier from Ireland who served as Colonel of Dillon's Regiment in the Irish Brigade in French service. He fought in the Nine Years' War and in the War of the Spanish Succession. Arthur was born in 1670 in County Roscommon in Ireland, probably at Kilmore, his parents' habitual residence. He was the third of the six sons of Theobald Dillon and his wife Mary Talbot His father was the 7th Viscount Dillon of Costello-Gallen and supported James II in the Williamite war in Ireland. His father's family was Old English and descended from Sir Henry Dillon who came to Ireland with Prince John in 1185. Henry's mother was a daughter of Sir Henry Talbot of Templeogue. The Talbots also were Old English. Both his parents were Catholic The Nine Years' War ended in 1697 with the Treaty of Ryswick and four years of peace followed. Dillon found the time to marry. His chosen wife was Christina Sheldon, a maid-of-honour to Mary of Modena, queen consort of James II of England. Christina's parents were Ralph Sheldon of Ditchford, Worcestershire (1633�1723) and Elisabeth, heiress of Daniel Dunn of Garnish Hall in Essex. Dominic Sheldon, the Jacobite general, was her uncle. Her family was English and Catholic. She continued to serve Mary of Modena as lady-in-waiting at the Ch�teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Arthur and Christina had ten children, five son & five daughters


Arthur Richard Dillon (1721�1806) was archbishop of Narbonne in France. He was the youngest son of Arthur Dillon (1670�1733), who came to France with Mountcashel's Irish Brigade. At the French Revolution he refused the civil constitution of the clergy and fled first to Coblenz and then to London.


Arthur Dillon (1750�1794) was an Irish Catholic aristocrat born in England who inherited the ownership of a regiment that served France under the Ancien R�gime during the American Revolutionary War and then the French First Republic during the War of the First Coalition. After serving in political positions during the early years of the revolution, he was executed in Paris as a royalist during the Reign of Terror in 1794. Arthur was born on 3 September 1750 at Bray Wick in Berkshire, England. He was the third child and second son of Henry Dillon and his wife Charlotte Lee. His father was the 11th Viscount Dillon. Arthur's mother was a daughter of George Lee, 2nd Earl of Lichfield. At eighteen, Colonel Dillon married a second cousin, Therese-Lucy de Rothe (1751�1782). Arthur and Th�r�se-Lucie had two children His first wife having died, he married a wealthy French Creole widow from Martinique, Laure de Girardin de Montg�rald, the Comtesse de la Touche, by whom he had six children, including �lisabeth Fran�oise 'Fanny' Dillon, later wife of Henri Gatien Bertrand.


Count Arthur John Moore KHS (1849 � 5 January 1904) was a wealthy Roman Catholic Irish nationalist politician. Born in Liverpool, Moore was the son of Charles Moore who had served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Tipperary from 1865 to 1869. He was educated at Ushaw College, Durham. He married Mary Lucy Clifford of Hatherton Hall, Stafford, daughter of Sir Charles Clifford, on 7 February 1877.

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel)(26 August 1819 � 14 December 1861) was the consort of Queen Victoria from their marriage on 10 February 1840 until his death in 1861. Prince Albert was born on 26 August 1819, at Schloss Rosenau, near Coburg, Germany, the second son of Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and his first wife, Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.His first cousin and future wife, Victoria, was born earlier in the same year The idea of marriage between Albert and his cousin, Victoria, was first documented in an 1821 letter from his paternal grandmother, the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, who said that he was "the pendant to the pretty cousin".Victoria came to the throne aged eighteen on 20 June 1837. Her letters of the time show interest in Albert's education for the role he would have to play, although she resisted attempts to rush her into marriage. In the winter of 1838�39, the prince visited Italy, accompanied by the Coburg family's confidential adviser, Baron Stockmar.Albert returned to the United Kingdom with Ernest in October 1839 to visit the Queen, with the objective of settling the marriage. Albert and Victoria felt mutual affection and the Queen proposed to him on 15 October 1839.[22] Victoria's intention to marry was declared formally to the Privy Council on 23 November, and the couple married on 10 February 1840 at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. Just before the marriage, Albert was naturalised by Act of Parliament, and granted the style of Royal Highness by an Order in Council. Initially Albert was not popular with the British public; he was perceived to be from an impoverished and undistinguished minor state, barely larger than a small English county Victoria came to depend more and more on Albert's support and guidance. He aided the development of Britain's constitutional monarchy by persuading his wife to be less partisan in her dealings with Parliament�although he actively disagreed with the interventionist foreign policy pursued during Lord Palmerston's tenure as Foreign Secretary. Albert died in 1861 at age 42, devastating Victoria so much that she entered into a deep state of mourning and wore black for the rest of her life. On her death in 1901, their eldest son succeeded as Edward VII, the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, named after the ducal house to which Albert belonged. Albert and Victoria had 9 children.


Prince Adalbert Ferdinand Berengar Viktor of Prussia (14 July 1884 � 22 September 1948) was the third son of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, by his first wife, Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. His bride was Princess Adelheid "Adi" of Saxe-Meiningen (16 August 1891 � 25 April 1971), daughter of Prince Frederick and Countess Adelaide of Lippe-Biesterfeld. They married on 3 August 1914 in Wilhelmshaven, Germany, and had three children


Prince Adalbert Alexander Friedrich Joachim Christian (4 March 1948), son of Prince Wilhelm Victor of Prussia (German: Wilhelm Viktor Ernst Freund Friedrich Georg Adalbert)( 15 February 1919 � 7 February 1989) and Marie Antoinette, Countess of Hoyos (27 June 1920 � 1 March 2004)He married at Glentorf 14 June 1981 Eva Maria Kudicke (born Shahi, Iran 30 June 1951); had issue


Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward)(8 January 1864 � 14 January 1892) was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) and grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria. From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne, but did not become king as he died before both his grandmother and his father.Albert Victor was known to his family, and many later biographers, as "Eddy". Albert Victor's intellect, sexuality, and mental health have been the subject of speculation. Rumours in his time linked him with the Cleveland Street scandal, which involved a homosexual brothel; however, there is no conclusive evidence that he ever went there, or was indeed homosexual Some authors have argued that he was the serial killer known as Jack the Ripper, but contemporaneous documents show that Albert Victor could not have been in London at the time of the murders, and the claim is widely dismissed.He was the first child of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, and his wife Alexandra of Denmark. Following his grandmother Queen Victoria's wishes, he was named Albert Victor, after herself and her late husband, Albert In 1889, Albert Victor's grandmother Queen Victoria expressed her wish that he marry his paternal cousin Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, who was one of her favorite granddaughters. In Balmoral Castle, he proposed to Alix, but she did not return his affections and refused his offer of engagement.He persisted in trying to convince Alix to marry him, but he finally gave up in 1890 when she sent him a letter in which she told him "how it grieves her to pain him, but that she cannot marry him, much as she likes him as a Cousin."In 1894, she married Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, another of Albert Victor's cousins.After her proposed match with Alix fell through, Victoria suggested to Albert Victor that he marry another first cousin, Princess Margaret of Prussia. On 19 May 1890, she sent him a formal letter in which she expressed her opinions about Margaret's suitability to become Queen: "Of the few possible Princess (for of course any Lady in Society would never do) I think no one more likely to suit you and the position better than your Cousin Mossy  ... She is not regularly pretty but she has a very pretty figure, is very amiable and half English with great love for England which you will find in very few if any others." Although Albert Victor's father approved, Queen Victoria's secretary Henry Ponsonby informed her that Albert Victor's mother "would object most strongly and indeed has already done so." Nothing came of Queen Victoria's suggestion. By this time however, Albert Victor was falling in love with Princess H�l�ne of Orl�ans, a daughter of Prince Philippe, Count of Paris, a pretender to the French throne who was living in England after being banished from France in 1886 At first, Queen Victoria opposed any engagement because H�l�ne was Roman Catholic. Once Albert Victor and H�l�ne confided their love to her, the Queen relented and supported the proposed marriage. H�l�ne offered to convert to the Church of England, and Albert Victor offered to renounce his succession rights to marry her. To the couple's disappointment, her father refused to countenance the marriage and was adamant she could not convert. H�l�ne travelled personally to intercede with Pope Leo XIII, but he confirmed her father's verdict, and the courtship ended. When Albert Victor died, his sisters Maud and Louise sympathized with H�l�ne and treated her, not his fianc�e Princess Victoria Mary of Teck, as his true love. Maud told her that "he is buried with your little coin around his neck" and Louise said that he is "yours in death". H�l�ne later became Duchess of Aosta. By 1891, another potential bride, Princess Victoria Mary of Teck, was under consideration. Mary was the daughter of Queen Victoria's first cousin Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck. Queen Victoria was very supportive, considering Mary ideal�charming, sensible and pretty. On 3 December 1891 Albert Victor, to Mary's "great surprise", proposed to her at Luton Hoo, the country residence of the Danish ambassador to Britain. The wedding was set for 27 February 1892.In 1891, Albert Victor wrote to Lady Sybil St Clair Erskine that he was in love once again, though he does not say with whom In late 1891, the Prince was implicated as having been involved with a former Gaiety Theatre chorus girl, Lydia Miller (stage name Lydia Manton), who committed suicide by drinking carbolic acid.Although she was the nominal mistress of Lord Charles Montagu, who gave evidence at the inquest, it was alleged that he was merely a cover for the Prince, who had requested she give up her theatrical career on his behalf, and that the authorities sought to suppress the case by making the inquest private and refusing access to the depositions Rumours also surfaced in 1900, after Albert Victor's death, of his association with another former Gaiety girl, Maude Richardson (birth name: Louisa Lancey), and that the royal family had attempted to pay her off In mid-1890, Albert Victor was attended by several doctors. In Albert Victor's and other correspondence, his illness is only referred to as "fever" or "gout"Some biographers have assumed he was suffering from "a mild form of venereal disease", perhaps gonorrhea, which he may have suffered from on an earlier occasion,but the exact nature of his illness is unknown Just as plans for both his marriage to Mary and his appointment as Viceroy of Ireland were under discussion, Albert Victor fell ill with influenza in the pandemic of 1889�1892. He developed pneumonia and died at Sandringham House in Norfolk on 14 January 1892, less than a week after his 28th birthday.


George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George)(14 December 1895 � 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was concurrently the last Emperor of India until August 1947, when the British Raj was dissolved. The future George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria; he was named Albert at birth after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort, and was known as "Bertie" to his family and close friends. His father ascended the throne as King George V in 1910. As the second son of the king, Albert was not expected to inherit the throne. He spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Prince Edward, the heir apparent. Albert attended naval college as a teenager and served in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during the First World War. In 1920, he was made Duke of York. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923, and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret. In the mid-1920s, he engaged speech therapist Lionel Logue to treat his stammer, which he learned to manage to some degree. His elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII after their father died in 1936, but Edward abdicated later that year to marry the twice-divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson; Albert thereby became the third monarch of the House of Windsor, taking the regnal name George VI.


Albert Louis Philip Edward Windsor (22 September 2007), oldest son of  Paola Doimi de Lupis Frankopan �ubić Zrinski and Lord Nicholas Windsor (the younger son of the Duke of Kent).


Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (Albert John Charles Frederick Alfred George)( 26 February 1869 � 27 April 1931), was a grandson of Queen Victoria. He was the second son of Victoria's daughter Princess Helena by her husband Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. Prince Albert was the head of the House of Oldenburg, and also the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and the fourth Duke of Schleswig-Holstein between 1921 and 1931. He was known as "Abby" to his family. Prince Albert never married, but he fathered an illegitimate daughter, Valerie Marie. Born 3 April 1900 in Liptovsk� Mikul�, Hungary, Austria-Hungary, she was placed almost immediately after her birth with Anna Rosenthal and her husband Rubin Schwalb, of Jewish origin. On 15 April 1931, shortly before his death, Albert wrote to her, admitting to her his paternity. After this, on 12 May she changed her surname from Schwalb, the name of her foster family, to "zu Schleswig-Holstein".The name of Valerie Marie's mother was never made public. Albert told no one. He did inform his two sisters that the woman was of "high noble birth".On 28 June 1925, in Vienna, Valerie Marie (before Albert's acknowledgement of paternity) married the lawyer Ernst Johann Wagner, but divorced him on 14 February 1938; the childless marriage was formally annulled in Salzburg on 4 October 1940. When she intended to marry again, it became important to establish her parentage officially, as the Nuremberg Laws prohibited marriages between Jews and Aryans. This was done with the assistance of her aunts, Princesses Helena Victoria and Marie Louise; they signed a statement attesting to her paternal lineage on 26 July 1938, officially acknowledging her.In Berlin-Charlottenburg on 15 June 1939, a civil marriage took place between her and Prince Engelbert-Charles, 10th Duke of Arenberg, and, after the annulment of her first marriage a religious ceremony took place in M�nster near Westfalen, on 9 October 1940; like her first marriage, this union was childless too. Valerie Marie died in Mont-Baron, Nice, France, on 14 April 1953 in an apparent suicide.


Albert I (Albert Honor� Charles Grimaldi)( 13 November 1848 � 26 June 1922) was Prince of Monaco from 10 September 1889 until his death. He devoted much of his life to oceanography, exploration and science. Alongside his expeditions, Albert I made reforms on political, economic and social levels, bestowing a constitution on the principality in 1911.Born on 13 November 1848 in Paris, France, the son of Prince Charles III (1818�1889), and Countess Antoinette de M�rode-Westerloo (1828�1864), a Belgian noblewoman, maternal aunt of Donna Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo, Princess della Cisterna, Duchess consort of Aosta and Queen consort of Spain.On 21 September 1869 at the Ch�teau de Marchais (which is still in the possession of the Grimaldi family today) in Champagne, Prince Albert was married to Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton (1850�1922), of Lanarkshire, Scotland, a daughter of the 11th Duke of Hamilton and his wife, Princess Marie of Baden. The couple met for the first time in August 1869 at a ball hosted by the Emperor and Empress of France; their marriage had been arranged by Albert's grandmother Caroline.Caroline had tried to make a match between Albert and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, the first cousin of Queen Victoria, and sought the help of Napol�on III (Louis-Napol�on Bonaparte) and his wife, Empress Eug�nie. The Emperor convinced Caroline that Queen Victoria would never allow a relative of hers to marry into a family who made a living out of gambling. He then suggested Mary, his third cousin and sister of his good friend, the 12th Duke of Hamilton, as a suitable alternative. Mary was a granddaughter of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden and related by blood to the French Imperial family through her maternal grandmother St�phanie de Beauharnais, Emperor Napol�on I's adopted daughter and second cousin of Napol�on III's mother, Hortense de Beauharnais.The Hamiltons were well aware of the extent of Monaco's estate, which was no bigger than theirs, but were sufficiently impressed by its status as an independent principality. The couple married at Ch�teau de Marchais on 21 September, 1869.Within a year of their marriage, the couple's only child (Louis) was born, but Mary, from the hills of Scotland, disliked Monaco and everything Mediterranean. While Albert was away fighting in the Franco-Prussian war, she left Monaco permanently. The couple divorced and their marriage was annulled by the Church on 3 January, 1880, although a special provision was made by the Vatican to allow Louis to remain legitimate in the eyes of the Church. Civilly, the marriage was dissolved on 28 July, 1880, by the Order of Prince Charles III. That same year, the former Princess of Monaco remarried in Florence, Italy, to a Hungarian nobleman, Prince Tassilo Festetics von Tolna. On 10 September 1889, Albert ascended the throne of Monaco on the death of his father. That same year in Paris, on 30 October, he married the Dowager Duchess de Richelieu, n�e Marie Alice Heine (1858�1925). The American daughter of a New Orleans building contractor of German-Jewish descent, Alice Heine had married the Duc de Richelieu but had been widowed by age 21 and left with a young son, Armand. Her marriage to Prince Albert proved an equal blessing for him and the tiny principality of Monaco, since Alice brought a strong business acumen, well in advance of her youth. Having helped put her husband's principality on a sound financial footing, she would devote her energies to making Monaco one of Europe's great cultural centers, with an opera, theater, and a ballet under the direction of the famed Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev.Despite the initial success of the marriage of Prince Albert and Princess Alice, in 1902, they separated legally, without issue, though did not divorce. According to Anne Edwards' book The Grimaldis of Monaco, this was due to the Princess's friendship with the composer Isidore de Lara. By the same token, the courtesan Caroline Otero, La Belle Otero, who had served him as a high class prostitute between 1893 and 1897, recalled Albert fondly in her memoirs and claimed that he was not a virile man and suffered from erection difficulty. Princess Alice had La Belle Otero banned from the principality in 1897 for being seen with her husband.


Albert II[ (Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi; born 14 March 1958) is Prince of Monaco, since 2005.Albert was born at the Prince's Palace of Monaco, and he is the second child and only son of Prince Rainier III and Grace Kelly Prince Albert met South African swimmer Charlene Wittstock in 2000 at the Mare Nostrum swimming meet in Monaco. They made their public debut as a couple at the opening ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics. She accompanied him to the weddings of the Crown Princess of Sweden in 2010 and of the Duke of Cambridge in 2011.Their engagement was announced by the palace on June 10, 2010. The wedding was originally scheduled for 8 and 9 July 2011, but was moved forward to prevent a conflict with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) meeting in Durban on 5�9 July, which they both attended. The couple were married in a civil ceremony on 1 July 2011 in the Throne Room of the Prince's Palace Prince Albert and Princess Charlene had twins, Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carlad�s, and Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco, on 10 December 2014. Jacques is the heir apparent to the throne. Albert also has 2 acknowledge illegitimate children.