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123 relations: Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia, Albert II of Germany, Albert IV, Duke of Austria, Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Alfonso II of Naples, Algirdas, Anna Vasa of Sweden, Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland, Anne of Cyprus, Archduke Ernest of Austria, Łomża, Barbara of Cilli, Barbara Radziwiłł, Bari, Barnim X, Duke of Pomerania, Basilica di San Nicola, Bianca Maria Visconti, Bona of Savoy, Bona Sforza, By the Grace of God, Casimir IV Jagiellon, Catherine Jagiellon, Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland, Charles II, Archduke of Austria, Christoph, Duke of Württemberg, Consummation, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Crown prince, Duchy of Pomerania, Elective monarchy, Elizabeth I of England, Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elizabeth of Luxembourg, Eric XIV of Sweden, Ernest of Bavaria (1500–1560), Ferdinand I of Naples, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Francesco I Sforza, Frederick IV of Liegnitz, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Gotthard Kettler, Griselda Báthory, Gustav I of Sweden, Henrician Articles, Henry III of France, Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Hereditary monarchy, House of Hohenzollern, ..., House of Vasa, Infante, Interrex (Poland), Ippolita Maria Sforza, Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan, Isabella of Clermont, Ivan the Terrible, Jagiellonian dynasty, Jan Zamoyski, Jean de Monluc, Joanna Sophia of Bavaria, Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg, John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony, John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania, John III of Sweden, Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kraków, List of French monarchs, List of Latin phrases (P), List of Polish monarchs, List of rulers of Lithuania, Lithuanian nobility, Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory, Livonian Order, Livonian War, Louis, Duke of Savoy, Magnus, Duke of Östergötland, Magnus, Duke of Holstein, Martin Kober, Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, Mazovia, Menagerie, Menopause, Neapolitan sums, Płock, Philip II of Spain, Piaseczno, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1576, Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1587, Red złoty, Reichard, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim, Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence, Royal Castle, Warsaw, Royal elections in Poland, Santi Gucci, Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Centre, Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sigismund Augustus Bridge, Sigismund I the Old, Sigismund II Augustus, Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund's Chapel, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Sophia Jagiellon, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Sophia of Halshany, Spinster, Stara Prochownia, Stephen Báthory, Szlachta, Tykocin, Ujazdów Castle, Uliana of Tver, Vilnius, Voivode of Transylvania, War of the Polish Succession (1587–88), Warsaw, Wawel Cathedral, Władysław II Jagiełło, Władysław IV Vasa, Wieliczka Salt Mine, Wola. Expand index (73 more) »
Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
Albert II (Albrecht; 28 March 15228 January 1557) was the Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (Brandenburg-Bayreuth) from 1527 to 1553.
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Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Albert Frederick (Albrecht Friedrich, Albrecht Fryderyk; 7 May 1553, in Königsberg – 28 August 1618, in Fischhausen, Rybaki) was Duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death.
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Albert II of Germany
Albert the Magnanimous KG (10 August 139727 October 1439) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1437 until his death and member of the House of Habsburg.
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Albert IV, Duke of Austria
Albert IV of Austria (19 September 1377 – 14 September 1404) was a Duke of Austria.
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Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Alfonso II d'Este (24 November 1533 – 27 October 1597) was Duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597.
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Alfonso II of Naples
Alfonso II (4 November 1448 – 18 December 1495), also called Alfonso of Aragon, was King of Naples from 25 January 1494 to 22 February 1495 with the title King of Naples and Jerusalem.
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Algirdas
Algirdas (Альгерд, Ольгерд, Olgierd; – May 1377) was a ruler of medieval Lithuania.
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Anna Vasa of Sweden
Anna Vasa of Sweden (also Anne, Anna Wazówna; 17 May 1568 – 26 February 1625) was a Polish and Swedish princess, starosta of Brodnica and Golub.
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Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland
Anne of Austria (16 August 1573 – 10 February 1598) was queen consort of Poland and Sweden by marriage to King Sigismund III Vasa.
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Anne of Cyprus
Anne of Cyprus (or Anne de Lusignan) (24 September 1418 – 11 November 1462) was a Duchess of Savoy by marriage to Louis, Duke of Savoy.
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Archduke Ernest of Austria
Archduke Ernest of Austria (Ernst von Österreich; 15 June 1553 – 20 February 1595) was an Austrian prince, the son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Spain.
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Łomża
Łomża (Yiddish: Lomzhe) is a city in north-eastern Poland, approximately 150 kilometres (90 miles) to the north-east of Warsaw and west of Białystok.
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Barbara of Cilli
Barbara of Cilli (1392 – 11 July 1451) was the Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund.
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Barbara Radziwiłł
Barbara Radziwiłł (Barbara Radziwiłłówna, Barbora Radvilaitė; 6 December 1520/23 – 8 May 1551) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as consort of Sigismund II Augustus, the last male monarch of the Jagiellon dynasty.
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Bari
Bari (Barese: Bare; Barium; translit) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, in southern Italy.
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Barnim X, Duke of Pomerania
Barnim X, or according to another account Barnim XII (15 February 1549, Wolgast – 1 September 1603, Szczecin) was a duke of Pomerania and a member of the House of Griffins.
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Basilica di San Nicola
The Pontifical Basilica di San Nicola (Basilica of Saint Nicholas) is a church in Bari, southern Italy that holds wide religious significance throughout Europe and the Christian world.
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Bianca Maria Visconti
Bianca Maria Visconti (31 March 1425 – 28 October 1468) was Duchess of Milan from 1450 to 1468.
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Bona of Savoy
Bona of Savoy, Duchess of Milan (10 August 1449 – 23 November 1503) was Duchess consort of Milan as the second spouse of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan.
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Bona Sforza
Bona Sforza (2 February 1494 – 19 November 1557) was a member of the powerful House of Sforza, which ruled the Duchy of Milan since 1447.
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By the Grace of God
By the Grace of God (Latin Dei Gratia, abbreviated D.G.) is an introductory part of the full styles of a monarch historically considered to be ruling by divine right, not a title in its own right.
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Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV KG (Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellończyk; Kazimieras Jogailaitis; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.
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Catherine Jagiellon
Catherine Jagiellon (Katarzyna Jagiellonka; Katarina Jagellonica, Lithuanian: Kotryna Jogailatė; 1 November 1526 – 16 September 1583) was a Polish princess and the wife of John III of Sweden.
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Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland
Catherine of Austria (Katarzyna Habsburżanka; Kotryna Habsburgaitė; 15 September 1533 – 28 February 1572) was one of the fifteen children of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.
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Charles II, Archduke of Austria
Charles II Francis of Austria (Karl II.) (3 June 1540 – 10 July 1590) was an Archduke of Austria and ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carniola and Carinthia) from 1564.
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Christoph, Duke of Württemberg
Christoph of Württemberg, Duke of Württemberg (12 May 1515 – 28 December 1568) ruled as Duke of Württemberg from 1550 until his death in 1568.
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Consummation
In many traditions and statutes of civil or religious law, the consummation of a marriage, often called simply consummation, is the first (or first officially credited) act of sexual intercourse between two people, either following their marriage to each other or after a prolonged romantic attraction.
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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego, Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae), commonly known as the Polish Crown or simply the Crown, is the common name for the historic (but unconsolidated) Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including Poland proper.
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Crown prince
A crown prince is the male heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.
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Duchy of Pomerania
The Duchy of Pomerania (Herzogtum Pommern, Księstwo Pomorskie, 12th century – 1637) was a duchy in Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, ruled by dukes of the House of Pomerania (Griffins).
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Elective monarchy
An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by an elected monarch, in contrast to a hereditary monarchy in which the office is automatically passed down as a family inheritance.
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Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.
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Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505)
Elizabeth of Austria (Elisabeth, Elżbieta Rakuszanka; Elžbieta Habsburgaitė; c. 1436 – 30 August 1505) was the wife of King Casimir IV of PolandBrzezińska (1999), p. 190 and thus Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania.
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Elizabeth of Luxembourg
Elizabeth of Luxembourg (7 October 1409 – 19 December 1442) was queen consort of Germany, Hungary and Bohemia.
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Eric XIV of Sweden
Eric XIV (Erik XIV; 13 December 1533 – 26 February 1577) was King of Sweden from 1560 until he was deposed in 1568.
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Ernest of Bavaria (1500–1560)
Duke Ernest of Bavaria (born 13 June 1500 in Munich – died: 7 December 1560 in Glatz) was Administrator of the dioceses of Passau and Salzburg and pledge lord of Glatz.
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Ferdinand I of Naples
Ferdinand I (2 June 1423 – 25 January 1494), also called Ferrante, was the King of Naples from 1458 to 1494.
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Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I (Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558, king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death.
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Francesco I Sforza
Francesco I Sforza (23 July 1401 – 8 March 1466) was an Italian condottiero, the founder of the Sforza dynasty in Milan, Italy, and was the fourth Duke of Milan from 1450 until his death.
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Frederick IV of Liegnitz
Frederick IV, Duke of Legnica (20 April 1552 – 27 March 1596) was Duke of Legnica since 1571 until his death (as a co-ruler of his elder brother during 1571–1576 and 1580–1581).
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Galeazzo Maria Sforza
Galeazzo Maria Sforza (24 January 1444 – assassinated, 26 December 1476) was the fifth Duke of Milan from 1466 until his death.
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Gian Galeazzo Sforza
Gian Galeazzo Sforza (20 June 1469 – 21 October 1494), also known as Giovan Galeazzo Sforza, was the sixth Duke of Milan.
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Gotthard Kettler
Gotthard von Kettler (also Ketteler, Gotthard Kettler, Herzog von Kurland; 2 February 1517 – 17 May 1587) was the last Master of the Livonian Order and the first Duke of Courland and Semigallia.
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Griselda Báthory
Griselda (née Christine) Báthory (1569-1590) was a Hungarian and Polish noble, the daughter of Christopher Báthory, and third wife of Jan Zamoyski.
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Gustav I of Sweden
Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
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Henrician Articles
The Henrician Articles or King Henry's Articles (Polish: Artykuły henrykowskie, Latin: Articuli Henriciani) were a permanent contract between the "Polish nation" (i.e., the szlachta (nobility) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and a newly elected king upon his election to the throne that stated the fundamental principles of governance and constitutional law in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Henry III of France
Henry III (19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589; born Alexandre Édouard de France, Henryk Walezy, Henrikas Valua) was King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and King of France from 1574 until his death.
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Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Henry V of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (Henricus; 10 November 1489 – 11 June 1568), called the Younger, (Heinrich der Jüngere), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1514 until his death.
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Hereditary monarchy
A hereditary monarchy is a form of government and succession of power in which the throne passes from one member of a royal family to another member of the same family.
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House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a dynasty of former princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania.
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House of Vasa
The House of Vasa (Vasaätten, Wazowie, Vaza) was an early modern royal house founded in 1523 in Sweden, ruling Sweden 1523–1654, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1587–1668, and the Tsardom of Russia 1610–1613 (titular until 1634).
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Infante
Infante (f. infanta), also anglicised as Infant or translated as Prince, is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Navarre and León), and Portugal, to the sons and daughters (infantas) of the king, sometimes with the exception of the heir apparent to the throne who usually bears a unique princely or ducal title.
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Interrex (Poland)
The institution of interrex existed in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, whose ruling classes liked to view their Republic (Rzeczpospolita) or Commonwealth as an heir to Roman republican traditions.
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Ippolita Maria Sforza
Ippolita Maria Sforza (18 April 1446 – 20 August 1484) was an Italian noble woman, a member of the Sforza family which ruled the Duchy of Milan from 1450 until 1535.
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Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan
Isabella of Aragon (2 October 1470 – 11 February 1524), also known as Isabella of Naples, was Duchess of Milan by marriage to Gian Galeazzo Sforza and suo jure Duchess of Bari.
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Isabella of Clermont
Isabella of Clermont (– 30 March 1465), also known as Isabella of Taranto, was a Sovereign Princess of Taranto and first Queen consort of Ferdinand I of Naples.
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Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (pron; 25 August 1530 –), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome (Ivan Grozny; a better translation into modern English would be Ivan the Formidable), was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547, then Tsar of All Rus' until his death in 1584.
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Jagiellonian dynasty
The Jagiellonian dynasty was a royal dynasty, founded by Jogaila (the Grand Duke of Lithuania, who in 1386 was baptized as Władysław, married Queen regnant (also styled "King") Jadwiga of Poland, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. The dynasty reigned in several Central European countries between the 14th and 16th centuries. Members of the dynasty were Kings of Poland (1386–1572), Grand Dukes of Lithuania (1377–1392 and 1440–1572), Kings of Hungary (1440–1444 and 1490–1526), and Kings of Bohemia (1471–1526). The personal union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (converted in 1569 with the Treaty of Lublin into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) is the reason for the common appellation "Poland–Lithuania" in discussions about the area from the Late Middle Ages onward. One Jagiellonian briefly ruled both Poland and Hungary (1440–44), and two others ruled both Bohemia and Hungary (1490–1526) and then continued in the distaff line as a branch of the House of Habsburg. The Polish "Golden Age", the period of the reigns of Sigismund I and Sigismund II, the last two Jagiellonian kings, or more generally the 16th century, is most often identified with the rise of the culture of Polish Renaissance. The cultural flowering had its material base in the prosperity of the elites, both the landed nobility and urban patriciate at such centers as Kraków and Gdańsk.
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Jan Zamoyski
Jan Zamoyski or Zamojski (Ioannes Zamoyski de Zamoscie; 19 March 1542 – 3 June 1605) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, and the 1st ordynat of Zamość.
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Jean de Monluc
Jean de Monluc (died 1579) was a French noble, clergyman, diplomat, and courtier.
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Joanna Sophia of Bavaria
Joanna Sophia of Bavaria (c. 1373 – 15 November 1410) was the youngest daughter of Albert I, Duke of Bavaria and his first wife Margaret of Brieg.
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Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Johann Wilhelm (11 March 1530 – 2 March 1573) was a duke of Saxe-Weimar.
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John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg
John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg, in older literature known as John or Johann (23 December 1525 in Güstrow – 12 February 1576 in Schwerin), was the reigning Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow from 1547 to 1556 and of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1556 to 1576.
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John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony
John Frederick II of Saxony (8 January 1529 – 19 May 1595), was Duke of Saxony (1554–1556).
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John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania
Johann Friedrich (sometimes rendered to John Frederick) (27 August 1542 – 9 February 1600) was Duke of Pomerania from 1560 to 1600, and Bishop of Cammin (Kamień) from 1556 to 1574.
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John III of Sweden
John III (Johan III, Juhana III) (20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1568 until his death.
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Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania joined in a personal union established by the Union of Krewo (1385).
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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List of French monarchs
The monarchs of the Kingdom of France and its predecessors (and successor monarchies) ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of the Franks in 486 until the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.
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List of Latin phrases (P)
Additional references.
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List of Polish monarchs
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century).
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List of rulers of Lithuania
The following is a list of rulers over Lithuania—grand dukes, kings, and presidents—the heads of authority over historical Lithuanian territory.
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Lithuanian nobility
The Lithuanian nobility was historically a legally privileged class in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania consisting of Lithuanians, from the historical regions of Lithuania Proper and Samogitia, and, following Lithuania's eastern expansion, many Ruthenian noble families (boyars).
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Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (referred to as the Russo-Polish War among Polish historians) took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582.
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Livonian Order
The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237.
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Livonian War
The Livonian War (1558–1583) was fought for control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia), when the Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of Denmark–Norway, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Union (later Commonwealth) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
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Louis, Duke of Savoy
Louis I (Ludovico I or Lodovico I in Italian; 24 February 1413 – 29 January 1465) was Duke of Savoy from 1440 until his death in 1465.
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Magnus, Duke of Östergötland
Magnus Vasa (25 July 1542 – 26 June 1595), prince of Sweden, Duke of Östergötland from 1555.
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Magnus, Duke of Holstein
Magnus of Denmark or Magnus of Holstein (–) was a Prince of Denmark, Duke of Holstein, and a member of the House of Oldenburg.
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Martin Kober
Martin Kober (also Chober, Cober, Coeber, Khober, Koeber, Koebner, Marcin Kober) (ca. 1550 – before 1598) was a portrait painter and court painter to different Central European monarchs - King Stephen Báthory, Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, Queen Anna Jagiellon and King Sigismund III Vasa, active mainly in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria
Maximilian III of Austria, also known as Maximilian the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (12 October 1558 – 2 November 1618) was the Archduke of Further Austria from 1612 until his death.
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Mazovia
Mazovia (Mazowsze) is a historical region (dzielnica) in mid-north-eastern Poland.
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Menagerie
A menagerie is a collection of captive animals, frequently exotic, kept for display; or the place where such a collection is kept, a precursor to the modern zoological garden.
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Menopause
Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.
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Neapolitan sums
The Neapolitan sums (Sumy neapolitańskie) refers to a loan made in 1557 by Bona Sforza, dowager Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania, to Philip II of Spain.
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Płock
Płock (pronounced) is a city on the Vistula river in central Poland.
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Philip II of Spain
Philip II (Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).
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Piaseczno
Piaseczno is a town in central Poland with 44,483 inhabitants.
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.
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Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1576
The second Free Election in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1575/1576.
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Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1587
The third free election in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1587, after the death of King Stefan Batory.
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Red złoty
Red złoty (czerwony złoty; also known as Polish ducats or florins) refers to circulating gold coins minted in the Kingdom of Poland (later, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) from 1526 to 1831.
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Reichard, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim
Reichard (25 July 1521 – 13 January 1598) was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim from 1569 until 1598.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux) (Latin: Dioecesis Valentinensis (–Diensis–Sancti Pauli Tricastinorum); French: Diocèse de Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux) is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Roman Catholic Church in southern France. The contemporary diocese is co-extensive with the department of Drôme. The Cathedral of Valence was originally dedicated to Saints Cornelius and Cyprianus (Bishops of Rome and of Carthage, both mid-third century martyrs), but in 1095, during his visit to France to rouse up the aristocracy for a Crusade to liberate the Holy Land, Pope Urban II rededicated the cathedral to Saint Apollinaris, one of Valence's sixth century bishops. The Cathedral had fourteen Canons, including a Dean, a Provost, the Archdeacon, a Theologian, and the Abbot of S. Felix. In the Great Western Schism (1378–1417), the Bishops of Valence-et-Die were all appointed by and were loyal to the Popes of the Avignon Obedience. Pope Pius VI, who had been taken prisoner and deported from Italy by troops of the French Directory, was imprisoned in the fortress of Valence. After six weeks he died there, on 29 August 1799. His body was buried in the chapel, and a month later, on First Consul Napoleon's orders, given a public funeral and buried in the town cemetery.
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Royal Castle, Warsaw
The Royal Castle in Warsaw (Zamek Królewski w Warszawie) is a castle residency that formerly served throughout the centuries as the official residence of the Polish monarchs.
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Royal elections in Poland
Royal elections in Poland (wolna elekcja, lit. free election) was the election of individual kings, rather than of dynasties, to the Polish throne.
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Santi Gucci
Santi Gucci (c. 1530-1600) was an Italian architect and sculptor.
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Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Centre
The Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Centre (previously: Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute, Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras (MELC)) is a Lithuanian publishing house that issues encyclopedias, reference works, books, monographs, and dictionaries.
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Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The general sejm (sejm walny, also translated as the full or ordinary sejm) was the bicameral parliament of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Sigismund Augustus Bridge
The Sigismund Augustus Bridge was a wooden bridge over the Vistula River in Warsaw which came into operation in 1573 and lasted for 30 years.
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Sigismund I the Old
Sigismund I of Poland (Zygmunt I Stary, Žygimantas I Senasis; 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548), of the Jagiellon dynasty, reigned as King of Poland and also as the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until 1548.
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Sigismund II Augustus
Sigismund II Augustus (Zygmunt II August, Ruthenian: Żygimont II Awgust, Žygimantas II Augustas, Sigismund II.) (1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the only son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548.
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Sigismund III Vasa
Sigismund III Vasa (also known as Sigismund III of Poland, Zygmunt III Waza, Sigismund, Žygimantas Vaza, English exonym: Sigmund; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, monarch of the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632, and King of Sweden (where he is known simply as Sigismund) from 1592 as a composite monarchy until he was deposed in 1599.
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Sigismund's Chapel
Sigismund's Chapel (kaplica Zygmuntowska) is a chapel of the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland, one of the masterpieces of Polish architecture.
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Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 in Nuremberg – 9 December 1437 in Znaim, Moravia) was Prince-elector of Brandenburg from 1378 until 1388 and from 1411 until 1415, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1387, King of Germany from 1411, King of Bohemia from 1419, King of Italy from 1431, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last male member of the House of Luxembourg.
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Sophia Jagiellon, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Sophia Jagiellon of Poland (Zofia Jagiellonka; 13 July 1522 – 28 May 1575), a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty, was a Polish princess and Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1556 to 1568 by her marriage with Duke Henry V.
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Sophia of Halshany
Sophia of Halshany or Sonka Olshanskaya (translit; Sofija Alšėniškė; Zofia Holszańska; – September 21, 1461 in Kraków) was a Grand Duchy of Lithuania princess of Halshany.
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Spinster
Spinster is a term used to refer to an unmarried woman who is older than what is perceived as the prime age range during which women should marry.
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Stara Prochownia
Stara Prochownia (The Old Gunpowder Depot) also known as the Bridge Gate (Brama Mostowa) is a historic building in Warsaw New Town.
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Stephen Báthory
Stephen Báthory (Báthory István; Stefan Batory; Steponas Batoras; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–76), Prince of Transylvania (1576–86), from 1576 Queen Anna Jagiellon's husband and jure uxoris King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576-1586).
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Szlachta
The szlachta (exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Samogitia (both after Union of Lublin became a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Zaporozhian Host.
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Tykocin
Tykocin טיקטין, Tiktin) is a small town in north-eastern Poland, with 2,010 inhabitants (2012), located on the Narew river. Tykocin has been situated in the Podlaskie Voivodeship since 1999. Previously, it belonged to Białystok Voivodeship (1975-1998). It is one of the oldest settlements in the region.
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Ujazdów Castle
Ujazdów Castle (Zamek Ujazdowski) is a castle in the historic Ujazdów district, between Ujazdów Park (Park Ujazdowski) and the Royal Baths Park (Łazienki Królewskie), in Warsaw, Poland.
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Uliana of Tver
Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver (Ульяна Александровна Тверская; – 17 March 1391) was a daughter of Prince Alexander of Tver and Anastasia of Halych (daughter of Yuri I of Galicia).
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Vilnius
Vilnius (see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 574,221.
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Voivode of Transylvania
The Voivode of Transylvania (Vojwode von Siebenbürgen;Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 77. erdélyi vajda;Zsoldos 2011, p. 36. voivoda Transsylvaniae; voievodul Transilvaniei) was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century to the 16th century.
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War of the Polish Succession (1587–88)
The War of the Polish Succession or the Habsburg-Polish War took place from 1587 to 1588 over the election of monarch after the death of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Stephen Báthory.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.
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Wawel Cathedral
The Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus on the Wawel Hill (królewska bazylika archikatedralna śś.), also known as the Wawel Cathedral (katedra wawelska), is a Roman Catholic church located on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland.
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Władysław II Jagiełło
Jogaila (later Władysław II JagiełłoHe is known under a number of names: Jogaila Algirdaitis; Władysław II Jagiełło; Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. (c. 1352/1362 – 1 June 1434) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) and then the King of Poland (1386–1434), first alongside his wife Jadwiga until 1399, and then sole King of Poland. He ruled in Lithuania from 1377. Born a pagan, in 1386 he converted to Catholicism and was baptized as Władysław in Kraków, married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. In 1387 he converted Lithuania to Christianity. His own reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, and lasted a further thirty-five years and laid the foundation for the centuries-long Polish–Lithuanian union. He was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the Gediminid dynasty in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572,Anna Jagiellon, the last member of royal Jagiellon family, died in 1596. and became one of the most influential dynasties in late medieval and early modern Central and Eastern Europe. During his reign, the Polish-Lithuanian state was the largest state in the Christian world. Jogaila was the last pagan ruler of medieval Lithuania. After he became King of Poland, as a result of the Union of Krewo, the newly formed Polish-Lithuanian union confronted the growing power of the Teutonic Knights. The allied victory at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, followed by the Peace of Thorn, secured the Polish and Lithuanian borders and marked the emergence of the Polish–Lithuanian alliance as a significant force in Europe. The reign of Władysław II Jagiełło extended Polish frontiers and is often considered the beginning of Poland's Golden Age.
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Władysław IV Vasa
Władysław IV Vasa (Władysław IV Waza; Vladislovas Vaza; r; Vladislaus IV Vasa or Ladislaus IV Vasa; 9 June 1595 – 20 May 1648) was a Polish prince from the Royal House of Vasa.
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Wieliczka Salt Mine
The Wieliczka Salt Mine (Kopalnia soli Wieliczka), located in the town of Wieliczka in southern Poland, lies within the Kraków metropolitan area.
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Wola
Wola is a district in western Warsaw, Poland, formerly the village of Wielka Wola, incorporated into Warsaw in 1916.
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Redirects here:
Anna Jagello, Anna Jagellon, Anna Jagellonica, Anna Jagiello, Anna Jagiellonka, Anna of Poland, Anna the Jagiellonian, Anne Jagello, Anne Jagiello, Anne Jagiellon, Anne Jagielonika.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Jagiellon
