Athena is a female given name of Greek origin, especially in reference to the Greco-Roman goddess Athena.


Princess Athena of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (Athena Marguerite Fran�oise Marie) (24 January 2012) is a member of the Danish royal family. She is the younger child and only daughter of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie of Denmark. Princess Athena is currently tenth in the line of succession to the Danish throne.Princess Athena was born on 24 January 2012 at Rigshospitalet, the Copenhagen University Hospital When her father met the press following her birth, he joked that the name selected for her could be anything from Jo to Scheherazade She has two older half-brothers from her father's first marriage, Prince Nikolai and Prince Felix, and an older brother, Prince Henrik.

Princess Dagmar of Denmark (Dagmar Louise Elisabeth)( 23 May 1890 � 11 October 1961) was a member of the Danish royal family. She was the youngest child and fourth daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark and his wife, Princess Louise of Sweden and Norway. She was baptised with the names Dagmar Louise Elisabeth and was known as Princess Dagmar, named after her paternal aunt, Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia, who was born Princess Dagmar of Denmark She was married in Fredensborg, Denmark, on 23 November 1922 to J�rgen Castenskjold (30 November 1893 � 21 November 1978), son of Anton Castenskiold (1860�1940), Royal Danish Court Chamberlain, and wife Sophie Steensen-Leth (1870�1947), both belonging to Danish Nobility. They had 5 children.


Dagmar Louise Thyra Sophia Castenskjold (11 September 1930�12 July 2013), daughter of Princess Dagmar of Denmark and J�rgen Castenskjold  She married Poul Bitsch (5 October 1930-21 October 1967) on 4 April 1950. They have three children. She remarried Ole Larsen in 1972.



Dagmar Carola Adelaide Cronstedt (5 October, 1919�5 December, 2006) was a Swedish countess who during the Second World War worked at Radio K�nigsberg, broadcasting German propaganda to neutral Sweden. She mainly did a talk show together with Brita Bager, focussing on current news events She married the Nobel prize winner physiologist and pharmacologist Ulf von Euler in 1958.



Dagmar, Baroness von Nicolics-Podrinska (15 July 1898 � 15 November 1967), a member of the minor Croatian nobility. She was the wife of Archduke Leopold Maria of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (30 January 1897 � 14 March 1958).  At the fall of Habsburg monarchy Leopold remained in Austria and recognized the new republic in order to marry Dagmar. His parents were initially against the marriage as Dagmar did not belong to a royal family. The wedding took place in Vienna on 12 April 1919. Theirs was a morganatic marriage. Dagmar received the title of Baroness von Wolfenau The couple had one daughter. After divorcing his wife in 1931, Leopold eventually emigrated to the United States where he became a naturalized American citizen under the name Leopold Lorraine. In 1932 he remarried, also morganatically, Alicia Gibson Coburn (20 January 1898 � 25 August 1960). Their marriage remained childless and ended in divorce.


Dagmar, Countess Vitzthum von Eckstaedt by marriage, now Ottmann. Daughter of Otto-Ernst Flick (1916�1974) and Barbara Raabe


Princess Dagmar of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (1919�2003). 2nd Wife of Christian-Heinrich, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein. Mother of the current Prince: Bernhart Otto Peter, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (15 November 1962)

Olga is an East Slavic female given name, derived from the Old Norse name Helga. Helga is derived from Old Norse heilagr - "holy", "blessed"


Saint Olga of Kiev (890�969), regent of Kievan Rus' and wife of Igor of Kiev


Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (11 September 1822 � 30 October 1892) was a member of the Russian imperial family who by marriage to Charles I of W�rttemberg became Queen consort of the Kingdom of W�rttemberg until Charles' death. She was the second daughter of Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia. She was thus a sister of Alexander II of Russia. She married King Charles of W�rttemberg, with whom she had no children.


Grand Duchess Olga Feodorovna of Russia (Russian: Ольга Фёдоровна)( 20 September 1839 � 12 April 1891), born Princess C�cilie of Baden, was the youngest daughter of Grand Duke Leopold of Baden and Sophie Wilhelmine of Sweden.  On 28 August 1857, she married Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich of Russia, the youngest son of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. Upon her marriage, she converted to the Russian Orthodox faith and took the name Olga Feodorovna with the title of Grand Duchess of Russia.Unusually among the Romanovs of her generation, her marriage was a long and happy union. The couple remained devoted to each other. She raised their seven children with an iron hand.


Olga Constantinovna of Russia (Greek: Όλγα)( 3 September [O.S. 22 August] 1851 � 18 June 1926) was queen consort of Greece as the wife of King George I. She was briefly the regent of Greece in 1920.She was the oldest daughter of Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaievich and his wife, Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg.Olga was born at Pavlovsk Palace near Saint Petersburg on 3 September [O.S. 22 August] 1851. She was the second child and elder daughter of Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaievich and his wife, Grand Duchess Alexandra, a former princess of Saxe-Altenburg. Through her father, Olga was a granddaughter of Tsar Nicholas I, a niece of Tsar Alexander II and first cousin of Tsar Alexander III.As a child, Olga was described as a simple and chubby little girl with a broad face and big blue eyes. Unlike her younger sister, Vera, she had a calm temperament, but she was also extremely shy. The young King George I of Greece visited Russia in 1863 to thank Olga's uncle Tsar Alexander II for his support during George's election to the throne of Greece. Whilst there, George met the then twelve-year-old Olga for the first time.George visited Russia again in 1867 to meet with his sister Dagmar, who had married Tsarevitch Alexander (later Alexander III) the year before. He was determined to find a wife and the idea of an alliance with a Russian grand duchess, born into the Eastern Orthodox Church, appealed to him. Olga fell in love with George, but she was nevertheless anxious and distraught at the thought of leaving Russia.Her father was initially reluctant to agree to their marriage, thinking that at the age of fifteen she was too young and, being close to his daughter, concerned by the distance between Greece and Russia. For her part, Grand Duchess Alexandra was much more enthusiastic than her husband and, when some members of the imperial family noted the extreme youth of her daughter, she replied that Olga would not always be as young. Eventually, it was decided that Olga and George would marry when she had reached her sixteenth birthday. Meanwhile, she would continue her schoolwork until her wedding day Olga and George married at the chapel of the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg on 27 October [O.S. 15 October] 1867.Over the following twenty years, they had eight children. The Tsar told Olga "to love her new country twice more than her own", but she was ill-prepared for her new life. Aware of her youth, she chose to retain the services of her governess to continue her education.On arrival at Piraeus, Olga wore blue and white, the national colors of Greece, to the delight of the crowd. On the way to the capital, popular unrest was such that Olga, who was not accustomed to such demonstrations, was close to tears. Unable to speak Greek, and with little time for rest, she attended official functions over several days. Overwhelmed, Olga was found sobbing under a staircase cuddling her teddy bear a few days after her arrival in the kingdom while she was expected for a formal event. In less than a year, she learnt Greek and English. On the advice of her mother, she took an interest in the archeology and history of Greece to gain public support Throughout their marriage, George I and Olga were a close-knit couple, and contrary to the prevailing custom spent much time with their children, who grew up in a warm family atmosphere.In private, Olga and George I conversed in German because it was the only language they both spoke at the time of their marriage. With their offspring, they spoke mainly English, although the children were required to speak Greek among themselves,and Prince Andrew refused to speak anything but Greek to his parents Olga was genuinely popular and was extensively involved in charity work.In 1913, the First Balkan War ended with the defeat of the Ottoman Empire by a coalition of Greek, Bulgarian, Serbian and Montenegrin forces. Greece was considerably enlarged at the expense of Turkey, but divisions between the victorious powers in the Balkan League soon became apparent: Athens and Sofia vied for possession of Thessaloniki and its region.[50] To affirm Greek control of the main city of Macedonia, George I moved to the city soon after its liberation. Just as he did in Athens, he went about Thessaloniki without any meaningful protection force, and while out for an afternoon walk near the White Tower on 18 March 1913, he was shot and killed by Alexandros Schinas. Olga, who said her husband's death was "the will of God", arrived at Thessaloniki the next day. She and her family visited the scene of the assassination and accompanied the body of the king to Athens. He was buried in the royal cemetery at Tatoi Palace.George and Olga's eldest son, Constantine, became king and his wife, Sophia of Prussia, became the new queen consort. Olga, as queen dowager, was given the use of a wing in the royal palace but soon returned to her native Russia, to spend time with her younger brother, Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich and his family at his home, and Olga's birthplace, Pavlovsk Palace.


Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: О́льга Алекса́ндровна)( 13 June [O.S. 1 June] 1882 � 24 November 1960) was the youngest child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and Princess Dagmar of Denmark (Maria Feodorovna). A younger sister of Emperor Nicholas II. She was born in the purple (i.e., during her father's reign) on 13 June 1882 in the Peterhof Palace, west of central Saint Petersburg. Her birth was announced by a traditional 101-gun salute from the ramparts of the Peter and Paul Fortress, and similar salutes throughout the Russian Empire.The Russian imperial family was a frequent target for assassins, so for safety reasons the Grand Duchess was raised at the country palace of Gatchina, about 50 miles (80 km) west of Saint Petersburg. Empress Marie was reserved and formal with Olga as a child, and their relationship remained a difficult one.But Olga, her father, and the youngest of her brothers, Michael, had a close relationship. Together, the three frequently went on hikes in the Gatchina forests, where the Tsar taught Olga and Michael woodsmanship.Family holidays were taken in the summer at Peterhof and with Olga's grandparents in Denmark.However, in 1894, Olga's father became increasingly ill, and the annual trip to Denmark was cancelled. On 13 November 1894, he died at the age of 49. The emotional impact on Olga, aged 12, was traumatic, and her eldest brother, the new Tsar Nicholas II, was propelled into a role for which, in Olga's later opinion, he was ill-prepared.Olga was due to enter society in mid-1899 at the age of 17, but after the death of her brother George at the age of 28, her first official public appearance was delayed by a year until 1900. She hated the experience By 1900, Olga, aged 18, was being escorted to the theatre and opera by a distant cousin, Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg, a member of the Russian branch of the House of Oldenburg He was 14 years her senior and known for his passion for literature and gambling. Peter asked for Olga's hand in marriage the following year, a proposal that took the Grand Duchess completely by surprise: "I was so taken aback that all I could say was 'thank you'," she later explained.Their engagement, announced in May 1901, surprised family and friends, as Peter had shown no prior interest in women, and members of society assumed he was homosexual  At the age of 19, on 9 August [O.S. 27 July] 1901, Olga married 33-year-old Peter. Their marriage remained unconsummated, and Olga suspected that Peter's ambitious mother had pushed him into proposing. Biographer Patricia Phenix thought Olga may have accepted his proposal to gain independence from her own mother, the Dowager Empress, or to avoid marriage into a foreign court.The couple initially lived with her in-laws Alexander Petrovich and Eug�nie Maximilianovna of Oldenburg. The arrangement was not harmonious, as Peter's parents, both well known for their philanthropic work, berated their only son for his laziness.Olga took a dislike to her mother-in-law On their return to Russia, they settled into a 200-room palace (the former Baryatinsky mansion) at 46 Sergievskaya Street (present-day Tchaikovsky Street ) in Saint Petersburg.(The palace, a gift from Tsar Nicholas II to his sister, now houses the Saint Petersburg Chamber of Commerce and Industry.) Olga and Peter had separate bedrooms at opposite ends of the building, and the Grand Duchess had her own art studio.Unhappy in her marriage, she fell into bouts of depression that caused her to lose her hair, forcing her to wear a wig. It took two years for her hair to regrow In April 1903, during a royal military review at Pavlovsk Palace, Olga's brother Michael introduced her to a Blue Cuirassier Guards officer, Nikolai Kulikovsky Olga and Kulikovsky began to see each other and exchanged letters regularly. The same year, at the age of 22, she confronted her husband and asked for a divorce, which he refused - with the qualification that he might reconsider after seven years Nevertheless, Oldenburg appointed Kulikovsky as an aide-de-camp, and allowed him to live in the same residence as Oldenburg and the Grand Duchess on Sergievskaya Street.The relationship between Kulikovsky and the Grand Duchess was not public, but gossip about their romance spread through society. From 1904 to 1906 Duke Peter had an appointment to a military post in Tsarskoye Selo, a complex of palaces just south of Saint Petersburg. In Tsarskoye Selo, the Grand Duchess grew close to her brother Nicholas and his family, who lived at the Alexander Palace near her own residence. Olga prized her connection to the Tsar's four daughters. From 1906 to 1914, Olga took her nieces to parties and engagements in Saint Petersburg, without their parents, every weekend throughout the winter. She especially took a liking to the youngest of Nicholas's daughters, her god-daughter Anastasia, whom she called Shvipsik ("little one"). Through her brother and sister-in-law, Olga met Rasputin, a self-styled holy man who purported to have healing powers. Although she made no public criticisms of Rasputin's association with the imperial family, she was unconvinced of his supposed powers and privately disliked him. As Olga grew close to her brother's family, her relationship with her other surviving brother, Michael, deteriorated. To her and Nicholas's horror, Michael eloped with his mistress, a twice-divorced commoner, and communication between Michael and the rest of the family essentially ceased In 1916, Tsar Nicholas II annulled the marriage between Duke Peter Alexandrovich and the Grand Duchess, allowing her to marry Colonel Kulikovsky. The service was performed on 16 November 1916 in the Kievo-Vasilievskaya Church on Triokhsviatitelskaya (Three Saints Street) in Kiev. The only guests were the Dowager Empress, Olga's brother-in-law Grand Duke Alexander, four officers of the Akhtyrsky Regiment, and two of Olga's fellow nurses from the hospital in Kiev. The couple would have 2 sons: Tihon and Guri. Olga and her husband refused to leave Russia and decided to move to the Caucasus  In November 1919, the family set out on what would be their last journey through Russia. Just ahead of revolutionary troops, they escaped to Novorossiysk and took refuge in the residence of the Danish consul, Thomas Schytte, who informed them of the Dowager Empress's safe arrival in Denmark. After a brief stay with the consul, the family was shipped to a refugee camp on the island of B�y�kada in the Dardanelles Strait near Istanbul, Turkey, where Olga, her husband and children shared three rooms with eleven other adults. After two weeks, they were evacuated to Belgrade in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes where she was visited by Prince Regent Alexander. Alexander offered the Grand Duchess and her family a permanent home, but Olga was summoned to Denmark by her mother. On Good Friday 1920, Olga and her family arrived in Copenhagen. They lived with the Dowager Empress, at first at the Amalienborg Palace and then at the royal estate of Hvid�re, where Olga acted as her mother's secretary and companion. It was a difficult arrangement at times. The Dowager Empress insisted on having Olga at her beck and call and found Olga's young sons too boisterous. Having never reconciled with the idea of her daughter's marriage to a commoner, she was cold towards Kulikovsky, rarely allowing him in her presence. At formal functions, Olga was expected to accompany her mother alone In 1925 Olga met Anna Anderson, who claimed to be Anastasia. Conceivably, Olga was initially either open to the possibility that Anderson was Anastasia or unable to make up her mind.Anderson's biographer and supporter Peter Kurth claimed that Olga wrote to the Danish ambassador, Herluf Zahle, at the end of October 1925: "My feeling is that she is not the one she believes�but one can't say she is not as a fact". Within a month she had made up her mind. She wrote to a friend, "There is no resemblance, and she is undoubtedly not A."  Anderson's supporters, Harriet von Rathlef and Gleb Botkin, claimed that Olga was acting on instructions received from her sister Xenia by telegram, which Olga denied in private letters and sworn testimony.The Dowager Empress died on 13 October 1928 at Hvid�re. Her estate was sold and Olga purchased Knudsminde, a farm in Ballerup about 15 miles (24 km) from Copenhagen, with her portion of the proceeds.The Grand Duchess lived with simplicity, working in the fields, doing household chores, and painting.The farm became a center for the Russian monarchist community in Denmark, and many Russian emigrants visited.Olga maintained a high level of correspondence with the Russian �migr� community and former members of the imperial army. With the end of World War II, Soviet troops occupied the Danish island of Bornholm, and the Soviet Union wrote to the Danish government accusing Olga and a Danish Catholic bishop of conspiracy against the Soviet government. The surviving Romanovs in Denmark grew fearful of an assassination or kidnap attempt, and Olga decided to move her family across the Atlantic to the relative safety of rural Canada.In May 1948, the Kulikovskys travelled to London by Danish troopship. They were housed in a grace and favour apartment at Hampton Court Palace while arrangements were made for their journey to Canada as agricultural immigrants. On 2 June 1948, Olga, Kulikovsky, Tikhon and his Danish-born wife Agnete, Guri and his Danish-born wife Ruth, Guri and Ruth's two children, Xenia and Leonid, and Olga's devoted companion and former maid Emilia Tenso ("Mimka") departed Liverpool on board the Empress of Canada. After a rough crossing, the ship docked at Halifax, Nova Scotia. The family lived in Toronto, until they purchased a 200-acre (0.81 km2) farm in Halton County, Ontario, near Campbellville. By 1952, the farm had become a burden to Olga and her husband. They were both elderly; their sons had moved away; labour was hard to come by; the Colonel suffered increasing ill-health, and some of Olga's remaining jewelry was stolen. The farm was sold, and Olga, her husband and her former maid, Mimka, moved to a smaller five-room house at 2130 Camilla Road, Cooksville, Ontario, a suburb of Toronto now amalgamated into Mississauga.By 1958, Olga's husband was virtually paralyzed, and she sold some of her remaining jewelry to raise funds. Following her husband's death in 1958, she became increasingly infirm until hospitalized in April 1960 at Toronto General Hospital. She was not informedor was not aware that her elder sister, Xenia, died in London that month. Unable to care for herself, Olga went to stay with Russian �migr� friends, Konstantin and Sinaida Martemianoff, in an apartment above a beauty salon at 716 Gerrard Street East, Toronto. She slipped into a coma on 21 November 1960, and died on 24 November at the age of 78.

Xenia (also Xeniya, Ksenia, Kseniya, Ksenija or Xena) derived from Greek ξενία xenia - "hospitality", is a female name used mainly in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Greece.Related names include Oksana (Ukrainian: Ксенія, Оксана; Russian: Ксения, Оксана), Axana (Belarusian: Ксенiя, Аксана), Ksenija (Slovenia, Croatia, Lithuania; Ксенија, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia); Kseniya (Bulgarian: Ксения); X�nia (Hungary), and Senja (Finland).


Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: Ксения Александровна Романова)(6 April [O.S. 25 March] 1875 � 20 April 1960) was the elder daughter and fourth child of Tsar Alexander III of Russia and Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia (n�e Princess Dagmar of Denmark) and the sister of Emperor Nicholas II. She married her father's cousin, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia, with whom she had seven children. She was the mother-in-law of Felix Yusupov and a cousin of Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia who, together, killed Grigori Rasputin, holy healer to her nephew, the haemophiliac Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia. During her brother's reign she recorded in her diary and letters increasing concern about his rule. After the fall of the monarchy in February 1917, she fled Russia, eventually settling in the United Kingdom. Her great-grandson Alexis Romanoff has been a head of the Romanov Family since November 2021.



Princess Xenia Andreevna Romanoff (10 March 1919 � 22 October 2000) was a direct descendant of the Tsars of Russia. She was a great niece of Nicholas II, the last reigning Russian Emperor. Princess Xenia was born in Paris, on 10 March 1919, where her parents had fled after the Russian Revolution. She was the eldest child of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia (24 January 1897 � 8 May 1981) and Donna Elisabetha Ruffo (1886�1940). Xenia Andreevna descended twice over from the Tsars of Russia.Her paternal grandfather, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, was the fourth son of Grand Duke Michael, who was the fourth son of Tsar Nicholas I. Her paternal grandmother, Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia, was the eldest daughter of Tsar Alexander III and sister to Tsar Nicholas II.Xenia's father Prince Andrew Romanoff, a nephew of the Tsar, in 1918 had married Elisaveta Fabrizievna, daughter of Don Fabrizio Ruffo, Duca di Sasso-Ruffo. During the Russian Revolution, those families had taken refuge in the Crimea, where the Andrew and Elisaveta married. They escaped Russia in December 1918. Xenia's mother was already pregnant with her when they left Russian soil. Princess Xenia had two younger brothers: Michael and Andrew. Her mother died of cancer during World War II. Her father remarried and Xenia had one half sister, Olga Andreevna. Princess Xenia was called "Mysh" in the family She married in London on 17 June 1945 to 2nd Lieutenant Calhoun Ancrum from South Carolina (b. Philippines 28 April 1915 � 21 February 1990). The American airman was born into a military family; his father was a colonel in the US Marine Corps. Cal Ancrum was serving abroad with the US Army when he and Xenia Romanoff met.They divorced in 1954.Later Romanoff met Geoffrey Tooth, head of the Mental Health section at the British Ministry of Health and a member of the Expert Advisory Panel at the World Health Organization. They married on 7 April 1958 in Tehran. During the 1970s Xenia and Geoffrey Tooth (b. 1 September 1908) settled at Rouffignac, in the Dordogne, France. Geoffrey Tooth died in 1998. Princess Xenia Romanoff outlived her husband by two years. She died on 22 October 2000 in Saint-Cernin. Princess Xenia had no children from either of her marriages.


Princess Xenia Georgievna of Russia (22 August 1903 � 17 September 1965) was the younger daughter of Grand Duke George Mihailovich of Russia and Princess Maria Georgievna of Greece and Denmark. She is known for recognizing Anna Anderson as Grand Duchess Anastasia.Xenia and her older sister Princess Nina Georgievna, who was born in 1901, left Russia in 1914 to spend the war years in England with their mother. In 1919, her father, his brother Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich, and their cousin Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich, were executed by a Bolshevik firing squad in St. Petersburg.In the summer of 1927, Xenia involved herself in the Anna Anderson/Anastasia Tchaikovsky affair by telephoning Gleb Botkin (son of imperial physician Eugene Botkin, who had been murdered along with the former tsar and his family in 1918) with an invitation for Anna to live as a guest at their luxurious estate in New York's Oyster Bay. Xenia explains her hospitality: "I had heard that Botkin was arranging to bring 'the invalid' to the United States through a newspaper organization. This bothered me because I had heard so many conflicting stories. It then occurred to me that I should take her myself and avoid all this proposed publicity. For if she were indeed an impostor it would save much unpleasantness for my family, and if she were the real Anastasia it was ghastly to think that nothing was being done for her.... This solution would be simple, so it seemed to me."As children, Xenia and her sister Nina had played frequently with the two youngest daughters of Tsar Nicholas II, Grand Duchesses Maria Nikolaevna and Anastasia Nikolaevna, as well as the youngest child and only boy, Tsarevitch Alexei. Through her father, Xenia was Anastasia's second cousin, once removed and through her mother they were second cousins. Both sisters possessed vivid memories of Anastasia, whom they described as "frightfully temperamental" and "wild and rough". According to Xenia, Anastasia "cheated at games, kicked, scratched, pulled hair, and generally knew how to make herself obnoxious." Xenia married twice. At age 18 she married William Bateman Leeds Jr. (19 September 1902�31 December 1971), the son and heir of the American tin magnate William B. Leeds Sr. and the stepson of Xenia's maternal uncle Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark, through his marriage to William�s mother, the former Nonie Stewart Leeds. They wed in Paris on 9 October 1921. Theirs was seen as a splendid match and the couple was an influential one in New York's Long Island North Shore society, where they lived at Kenwood, their estate in Oyster Bay. Xenia and William had a daughter on 25 February 1925, Nancy Helen Marie Leeds. Xenia and William Leeds divorced in 1930. Xenia's second marriage was with Herman Jud (1911�1987), whom she married at Glen Cove, New York, on 10 August 1946.


Princess Xenia Petrović-Njego� of Montenegro, also known as Princess Ksenija or Kseniya, (22 April 1881 � 10 March 1960) was a member of the House of Petrović-Njego� as a daughter of Nicholas I of Montenegro.As a young woman, Princess Xenia's appearance in contemporary newspapers was almost entirely the result of seemingly never-ending rumors of suitors, engagements, and marriages. Speculated candidates included but were not limited to Alexander I of Serbia; Greek brothers Prince Nicholas, Prince George, and Prince Andrew; and Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, among others.Princess Xenia of Montenegro was born in Cetinje on 22 April 1881 as the eighth daughter of Nicholas I of Montenegro and his wife Milena Vukotić. In 1898 arrangements were made for Xenia to wed Alexander I of Serbia. However, when Alexander went to the court at Cetinje to claim his soon-to-be wife, Xenia professed such "disgust and horror" at his appearance and manners that despite her father's entreaties, she refused to marry him, humiliating and angering him so much that diplomatic relations between Serbia and Montenegro were severed.Alexander's adoption of her brother Prince Mirko of Montenegro as heir apparent in 1901 was meant, among other things, to smooth over these old affronts.At the July 1899 wedding of her brother Crown Prince Danilo to Duchess Jutta of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Princess Xenia met Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark, who was there representing his father George I of Greece. Later that year, the betrothal of Princess Xenia to Nicholas was announced. For reasons unknown, their engagement fell apart and the couple never married. Nicholas later wed Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia. Other news stories reported that Xenia was engaged at different times to Nicholas' brothers Prince George and Prince Andrew. In 1902, rumors spread of Xenia's engagement to Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, who had recently divorced Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. These were stressed to be untrue  Another rumor coincidentally spread that Xenia would marry Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia, barring that his entreaties of marriage to Princess Victoria Melita were denied because of her divorced status.Yet another rumor spread in 1904 that Xenia was engaged to Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, the heir apparent to the Russian throne. By this point, the appearance in newspapers of her countless engagements, marriages, and attachments led to a certain degree of incredulity about this particular rumor.Through the years, others would claim she was engaged to Prince Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin, Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, and even her widowed brother-in-law Peter I of Serbia. Despite the countless rumors circulating about her various impending engagements and marriages, Princess Xenia chose to remain unmarried.


Xenia Borisovna Godunova (Russian: Ксения Борисовна Годунова) (1582�1622) was a Russian Tsarevna, daughter of Tsar Boris Godunov, and sister of Tsar Feodor II of Russia.


Xenia of Tarusa (Russian: Ксения Тарусская) (c. 1246 � 1312), also known as Kseniya Yurievna (Russian: Ксения Юрьевна), was a Princess consort of Tver and Grand Princess consort of Vladimir from 1267 to 1271. She is counted among the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church.


Xenia Sackville, Lady Buckhurst (n�e Countess Xenia Nikolaievna Tolstoy-Miloslavsky)(1980) is a British jewellery designer. Lady Buckhurst was born Countess Xenia Nikolaievna Tolstoy-Miloslavsky in 1980 in Yeovil to Count Nikolai Tolstoy and Georgia Brown Her father is the nominal head of the Tolstoy family In September 2009, Lady Buckhurst became engaged to William Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, the heir of William Sackville, 11th Earl De La Warr and a godson of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon They married on 5 February 2010 in a Russian Orthodox ceremony at the Dormition Cathedral in London.She gave birth to their first child, William Lionel Robert Sackville, on 24 January 2014. She gave birth to a second child, Victoria Elizabeth Anne Sackville, on 6 June 2016.


Countess Xenia Nikolaevna Sheremeteva (1 March 1942), daughter of Countess Irina Felixovna Sheremeteva (n�e Princess Yusupova)(21 March 1915 � 30 August 1983) and Count Nikolai Dmitrievich Sheremetev (28 October 1904 � 5 February 1979) She married on 20 June 1965 in Athens, Greece, to Ilias Sfiris (20 August 1932); had issue Xenia Sheremeteva provided mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) in the 1990s in order to help identify bones recovered in Siberia in 1979 as the remains of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, who was executed in 1918 along with his wife and children. The test required a female line descendant, as mDNA is passed unchanged from mother to child, unless there is a mutation. In Sheremeteva's case, mDNA from their shared ancestor, Empress Maria Feodorovna, passed to her great-grandmother, Grand Duchess Xenia of Russia, then to her grandmother, Princess Irina of Russia, and then to her mother, Princess Irina Yusopova, and finally to her.


Countess Xenia Czernichev-Besobrasov (Chernysheva-Besobrasova Russian: графиня Ксения Сергеевна Чернышёва-Безобразова)(11 June 1929 � 20 September 1968) was the first wife of Archduke Rudolf of Austria, the youngest son of the last reigning Emperor of Austria-Hungary, Charles I. She was the younger daughter of Count Sergei Czernyshev-Besobrasov (later of New York City) by his wife Countess Elisabeth Dmitrievna Sheremeteva, and has descended from two prominent Russian comital families. Xenia's father, Count Sergei, was a czarist courtier whose father was made a Russian count in 1908 as the son-in-law of the last Count Chernyshev-Kruglikov (that family, now extinct, itself rose to comital status in 1832, by marriage to the heiress of the extinct Chernyshev family, counts in Russia since 1742) Count Sergei fled Russia after the Revolution, and settled in the United States with his wife Elizabeth, his son Alexander, and two daughters Irina and Xenia. In 1949, his older daughter Irina married Prince Teymuraz Bagration (1912-1992) as his second wife, without issue. Teymuraz's mother was Princess Tatiana of Russia.The engagement between Archduke Rudolf and Countess Xenia Czernichev-Besobrasov was announced on 30 April 1953. The couple were married on 23 June 1953 at Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Roman Catholic Church at Tuxedo Park, New York Countess Xenia Czernichev-Besobrasov was one of the first non-royal brides to marry into the former Imperial House of Austria in what would be accepted as an equal marriage, despite the relative obscurity of her father's family and the recentness of his title. She was the second Russian Orthodox royal bride to become an archduchess of Austria, the first being Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia, first wife of Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary.All three of Xenia's children who lived to adulthood made princely marriages Xenia was killed on 20 September 1968 when the car she was in with her husband collided with a truck. Xenia's widower, Archduke Rudolf remarried Princess Anna Gabriele von Wrede in 1971 and had further issue.


Princess Xenia Petrovna Galitzine (23 May 1983), daughter of  Archduchess Maria-Anna of Austria (19 May 1954) and Prince Peter Dimitrovich Galitzine (born 1955). She is a maternal granddaughter of Countess Xenia Czernichev-Besobrasov.


Countess Xenia Marie Cornelia H�l�ne Zita Anna Therese Hildegard et omnes Sancti von Coudenhove-Kalergi (21 October 2011), daughter of Her Serene Highness Princess Adelheid Marie Beatrice Zita of Liechtenstein ( 25 November 1981) and Count Dominik von Coudenhove-Kalergi (7 October 1973)


Xenia, Countess of Neipperg (b. 2016), daughter of Marie-Anna, Princess of Salm-Salm (b. 22 February 1986) and Dominik, Count of Neipperg (b. 27 July 1981)


Princess Xenia of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1972), daughter of Kraft Alexander Ernst Ludwig Georg Emich Prins zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (25 June 1935 � 16 March 2004) and his 1st wife Charlotte Alexandra Princess of Cro� (31 december 1938). Through her father, Xenia is the granddaughter of Godfried zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Princess Margarita of Greece ( = the oldest sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh). In 2005 she married Max Soltmann.


Xenia, Countess of Lathom aka Marie Xenia Von Tunzelman was a well known personality in London Society in the 1920s. She reinvented herself after WW1 as the orphan of a Russian Nobleman. Xenia had a very expensive education, her father, Edward Waldemar Von Tunzelman was the decendant of a distinguished family from Estonia, he was a Surgeon in the Royal Navy, serving in the Far East, his Uncle was an early explorer of New Zealand. Xenia had married in London aged 18 but the marriage lasted just a few weeks and Xenia fought for years to trace her husband to divorce him. She was an expert on French Painting and a published author on the subject. Her flair for interior design became well known in London, opening an exclusive furniture store with Lady Barbara Seymour, older sister of Lord Lathom. At their wedding reception, held in the Ritz on 2nd June 1927, guests drinking champagne with the happy couple included Tallulah Bankhead; Raymond Massey and Dame Marie Tempest. Lord Lathom died in Feb 1930. Xenia remained Countess of Lathom until her death in 1974 aged 81.

Alexandra Feodorovna (6 June [O.S. 25 May] 1872 � 17 July 1918), Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine at birth, was the empress consort of Emperor Nicholas II from their marriage on 26 November [O.S. 14 November] 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March [O.S. 2 March] 1917. As such, she was also the last empress consort of Russia. A favourite granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, she was, like her grandmother, one of the most famous royal carriers of haemophilia and bore a haemophiliac heir, Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia. Her reputation for encouraging her husband's resistance to the surrender of autocratic authority and her known faith in the Russian mystic Grigori Rasputin severely damaged her popularity and that of the Romanov monarchy in its final years. She and her immediate family were all killed while in Bolshevik captivity in 1918, during the Russian Revolution. In 2000 the Russian Orthodox Church canonized her as Saint Alexandra the Passion Bearer.


Alexandra Feodorovna (Russian: Алекса́ндра Фёдоровна, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandrə ˈfjɵdərəvnə]), born Princess Charlotte of Prussia (13 July 1798 � 1 November 1860), was Empress of Russia as the wife of Emperor Nicholas I (r. 1825�1855).Empress Alexandra Feodorovna was born as Princess Friederike Luise Charlotte Wilhelmine of Prussia, at the Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin on 13 July [O.S. 1 July] 1798. She was the eldest surviving daughter and fourth child of Frederick William III, King of Prussia, and Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and a sister of Frederick William IV and of William I, German Emperor. She was known as Charlotte, a name popular in the Prussian royal family, and nicknamed Lottchen by her family In February 1814, Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich, future Tsar of Russia, and his brother Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich, visited Berlin. Arrangements were made between the two dynasties for Nicholas to marry Charlotte, then fifteen years old, to strengthen the alliance between Russia and Prussia.On 9 June 1817 Princess Charlotte came to Russia with her brother William. After arriving in St. Petersburg she converted to Russian Orthodoxy, and took the Russian name "Alexandra Feodorovna". On her nineteenth birthday, 13 July [O.S. 1 July] 1817, she and Nicholas were married in the Grand Church of the Winter Palace.Alexandra Feodorovna became Empress consort upon her husband's accession as Tsar Nicholas I in December 1825 during a turbulent period marked by the bloody repression of the Decembrist revolt. She and her husband were consecrated and crowned at the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin on 3 September 1826. They had 8 children.Alexandra Feodorovna was always frail and in poor health. At forty, she looked far older than her years, becoming increasingly thin. For a long time, she suffered from a nervous twitching that became a convulsive shaking of her head.


Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia (30 August 1842 � 10 July 1849) was the eldest child and first daughter of Tsar Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Marie of Hesse and by Rhine. She died from infant meningitis at the age of six and a half.


Princess Alexandra Louise Olga Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, VA, CI (1 September 1878 � 16 April 1942) was the fourth child and third daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. As the wife of Ernst II, she was Princess consort of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. They had 5 children She was a granddaughter of both Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Tsar Alexander II of Russia.


Princess Alexandra Beatrice Leopoldine of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (2 April 1901 � 26 October 1963), daughter of Princess Alexandra Louise Olga Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Ernst II of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.


Princess Marie Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg, since 1941 of Schleswig-Holstein (Marie Alexandra Caroline-Mathilde Viktoria Irene; 9 July 1927� 14 December 2000) was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg. Marie Alexandra was the fourth and youngest child of Wilhelm Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and his wife Princess Marie Melita of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. Her older brother Peter was the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Head of the House of Oldenburg from 10 February 1965 until his death on 30 September 1980 Marie Alexandra married Douglas Barton-Miller (born 27 December 1929), son of Douglas Barton Miller and his wife, Harriet Maxine Deter on 22 July 1970 at Gr�nholz, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany Marie Alexandra and Douglas did not have children.


Alexandra Vasilievna Zhukovskaya (11 November 1842  � 26 August 1899), was a Russian noble and lady in waiting.  She was the daughter of Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky and Elizabeth von Reutern. Her father was the illegitimate son of a landowner named Afanasi Bunin and his Turkish housekeeper Salkha She was made lady-in-waiting at the Russian Imperial court. At the age of twenty, Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich, the 4th son of Alexander II, according to the generally accepted opinion, secretly married Zhukovskaya (there is no exact information when and where: according to some sources in Italy, according to others � 9/21 September 1868 in Russian Orthodox Church in Geneva), but the marriage was not approved by the emperor and dissolved by the Synod, since Alexandra was no match for him According to other sources, the relationship between Alexandra Vasilyevna and the Grand Duke remained only an extramarital affair (although in letters he called her "wife"  ). At the time of the beginning of the novel, he was 19, and she was 27 years old.On 20 August 1871, Alexei Alexandrovich was sent on a round-the-world voyage, and on 26 November of the same year, Alexandra gave birth to a son in Salzburg from the Grand Duke, named after her father Alexei. The Grand Duke was at sea for 2 years, during which time Zhukovskaya was subjected to strong pressure from the imperial family and relations were interrupted on her initiative.Alexandra and Alexei had one child, a son, Count Alexei Alexandrovich Belevsky-Zhukovsky (1871�1931), He received the title Count Belevsky on 21 March 1884 from his uncle, Emperor Alexander III. In 1901 he added his name of his grandfather on his mother's side.The Grand Duke tried to get a title for her and her son. However, the Emperor, his father refused. He was however able to secure her a title by the Republic of San Marino. She was made on 24 March 1875 Baroness of Seggiano (Baronessa di Seggiano).The same year, on 14 December 1875 she married Baron Christian-Henrich von Wohrmann in Munich/Bavaria. This marriage seem to prove that she did not marry the Grand Duke before. No proof of a divorce exists.


Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna of Russia (born Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg)(8 July 1830 � 6 July 1911) was the fifth daughter of Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and Duchess Amelia of W�rttemberg. She is an ancestress of the British, Greek, Romanian, Yugoslav, and Spanish Royal Families through her elder daughter Olga. She was a paternal first cousin of Princess Pauline of W�rttemberg, as well as her maternal second cousin. In the summer of 1846, she met Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia when he visited Altenburg. He was the second son of Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, n�e Princess Charlotte of Prussia.In February 1848, Alexandra converted to Russian Orthodoxy, taking the name of Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna, which reflected her father's name Joseph (unlike many princesses she took a patronymic, choosing to reflect her parentage rather than the usual religious or dynastic associations which was also possible because Iosif was a common name in Russia).Alexandra and Konstantin were married in the Winter Palace in St Petersburg, on 11 September 1848.Konstantin and Alexandra had 6 children


Alexandra the Maccabee (63�28 BC) of the Hasmonean Kingdom


Princess Alexandra Louise Marie Olga Elisabeth Therese Vera of Hanover and Cumberland (29 September 1882 � 30 August 1963) was the wife of Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. As such, she was the last grand duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from their marriage on 7 June 1904 until the Grand Duke abdicated on 14 November 1918, following the German Revolution of 1918. Alexandra was the daughter of Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover, and Princess Thyra of Denmark. Alexandra was the second eldest daughter and third child of Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (1845�1923) and Princess Thyra of Denmark (1853�1933), the youngest daughter of Christian IX of Denmark (1818�1906) and Louise of Hesse-Kassel (1817�1898). Alexandra was a great-great-granddaughter of George III of the United Kingdom (1738�1820) and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1744�1818).Alexandra married on 7 June 1904 in Gmunden, Austria-Hungary to Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1882�1945), son of Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and his wife Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia. Alexandra and Frederick Francis had five children


Princess Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg (21 April 1887 � 15 April 1957) was the second-eldest child and daughter of Frederick Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and his wife Princess Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. Alexandra Victoria's first husband was her first cousin Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia, the son of Wilhelm II, German Emperor and his wife Augusta Victoria, a sister of Alexandra Victoria's mother.They married on 22 October 1908 at the Royal Palace of Berlin. The marriage was arranged by the Emperor and Empress, but it was relatively happy. Alexandra was a great favorite of her mother-in-law, especially since the Empress was also her own aunt Alexandra Victoria and August Wilhelm had one son During the First World War, August Wilhelm was made district administrator (Landrat) of the district of Ruppin; his office and residence was now Schloss Rheinsberg. His personal adjutant Hans Georg von Mackensen, with whom he had been close friends since his youth, played an important role in his life. These "pronounced homophilic tendencies" contributed to the failure of his marriage to Princess Alexandra Victoria. They never undertook a formal divorce due to the opposition of August Wilhelm's father, Kaiser Wilhelm II.After the fall of the German monarchy in 1918, the couple divorced on 16 March 1920.Her second husband was Arnold R�mann, whom she married on 7 January 1922 at Gr�nholz Castle. In 1926, Alexandra moved for a time to New York City, where she worked as a painter.She and Arnold were divorced in 1933.After World War II, Alexandra lived in a trailer near Wiesbaden, where she earned a living as a portrait and landscape painter. She died on 14 April 1957 in a hotel in Lyons, France.

Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg, Princess of Nassau and Princess of Bourbon-Parma (Alexandra Jos�phine Teresa Charlotte Marie Wilhelmine)(16 February 1991) is the fourth child and only daughter of Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.


Princess Alexandra Charlotte Ulrike Maryam Virginia of Hanover (20 July 1999) is the fourth child of Princess Caroline of Monaco and the third of Ernst August, Prince of Hanover.


Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Russia (Russian: Алекса́ндра Петро́вна Ольденбургская, tr. Alexandra Petrovna Olʹdenburgskaya; Born Duchess Alexandra Frederica Wilhelmina of Oldenburg)(2 June 1838 � 25 April 1900) was a great-granddaughter of Emperor Paul I of Russia and the wife of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia, the elder.Born Duchess Alexandra of Oldenburg, she was the eldest daughter of Duke Peter of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg. She grew up in Russia in close proximity to the Romanovs as her father was a nephew of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. Alexandra�s parents were artistically gifted and passionate philanthropists. They provided a good education for her and inspired in Alexandra a life of service to those in need.Alexandra married in 1856, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia, the third son of Tsar Nicholas I and her first cousin once removed. Alexandra, who had been raised in the Lutheran church, converted to the Orthodox faith, and took the name Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Russia. The couple had two children: Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1856�1929), the younger, and Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia (1864�1931). The marriage, arranged by the Russian Imperial family in an attempt to control the Grand Duke�s excesses, was unhappy. She was plain, serious and liked simplicity. Deeply religious and very involved in charity work, Alexandra founded a training institute for nurses in St Petersburg in 1865. The same year, her husband began an affair with a ballerina, forming a second family with his mistress.After the collapse of her marriage, Alexandra lived separated from her husband who expelled her from their household in 1879. A carriage accident left her almost completely paralyzed and, in November 1880, Alexandra went abroad to improve her health, compelled by her brother-in-law Tsar Alexander II. The following year, she asked her nephew, Tsar Alexander III, to allow her to return to Russia and she settled in Kiev. She recovered her mobility and, in 1889, she founded the Pokrov of Our Lady Monastery, a convent of nursing nuns with its own hospital, to provide free treatment for the poor. She dedicated the rest of her life to the work at the hospital. In 1889, she became an Orthodox nun under the name Anastasia. She died at the convent in 1900.


Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia (Russian: Александра Павловна)(9 August 1783 [OS 29 July]  � 16 March 1801) was a daughter of Emperor Paul I of Russia and sister of emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I. She married Archduke Joseph of Austria, Palatine (Governor) of Hungary. Her marriage was the only Romanov-Habsburg marital alliance to date.Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna was born in Tsarskoye Selo as the third child and eldest daughter of Tsar Paul I of Russia and his second wife Sophie Dorothea of W�rttemberg (renamed Maria Feodorovna after her wedding). The sex of the child disappointed her paternal grandmother, Empress Catherine II.Soon Alexandra was expecting her first child. The pregnancy was hard, as she was tormented by bouts of nausea. The doctor, following the orders of Empress Maria Theresa, was "more skilled in intrigues than in medicine, and moreover, with rude manners"; in addition, the cook prepared meals that she could not eat.The childbirth, which lasted several hours, tormented Alexandra. A daughter, Archduchess Alexandrine of Austria, was born on 8 March 1801, but died within hours. She was named after her mother. On the eighth day after the birth, Alexandra was allowed to get up, but in the evening she developed puerperal fever, which finally caused her early death on 16 March 1801 aged 17.


Countess Alexandra Nikolaevna Tolstoy-Miloslavsky FRGS (14 July 1973) is a British equine adventurer, broadcaster, socialite, and businesswoman. She has made several long distance journeys on horses which have provided the material for television documentaries, books, and talks Tolstoy is the daughter of Count Nikolai Tolstoy and Georgina Brown.In September 2003, Tolstoy and Uzbek show jumper Shamil Galimzyanov were married in the Russian Orthodox Cathedral in Bayswater, London While living in Moscow, Tolstoy taught English to the families of several "oligarchs" and befriended the billionaire Sergei Pugachev. Tolstoy's marriage to Galimzyanov broke down in 2009, shortly after the birth of a baby boy, Alexei.Tolstoy decided not to return to her former home in Moscow and in April 2009 established herself with her son at a house in Chelsea.In the summer of 2009, Tolstoy was staying with Pugachev at a villa in the South of France and was also helping him to find a country estate in England. In December, she acquired a farmhouse near Malvern in Herefordshire for herself. Her distant cousin Alexander Nekrassov broke the news that Pugachev was the father of Tolstoy's son.By 2011, Tolstoy and Pugachev were reported to be a couple, with homes in Monaco, London, and Moscow, but Pugachev, by then living in exile in London,remained married to his wife Galina, with whom he has children and grandchildren. In 2010, the couple had another son, Ivan, and in 2012 a daughter, Maria. In 2013, Galimzyanov complained that Tolstoy was evicting him from the Moscow flat they had lived in together. In 2015, Pugachev moved to the south of France, after facing severe business difficulties in Russia, while Tolstoy remained in London with their children In 2017, Tolstoy described Pugachev as controlling and feared that he might kidnap the children. In October 2018, she said in an interview that she was a single mother and stated that Pugachev had not supported her or the children financially for three years.

Ludovica is a feminine version of Louis or Ludwig. Louise and Luise are, respectively, French and German feminine forms of Louis. Louis is the French form of the Old Frankish given name Chlodowig and one of two English forms, the other being Lewis. Ludwig is German name, deriving from Old High German Hludwīg, also spelled Hluotwīg. Etymologically, the name can be traced back to the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name *hlūdazwiganą, which is composed of two elements: *hlūdaz ("loud, famous") and *wiganą ("to battle, to fight") respectively, the resulting name meaning "famous warrior" or "famous in battle". It seems that Ludovica/Ludovika and Louise are both used to describe the same women.

Princess Ludovika of Bavaria (Marie Ludovika Wilhelmine; Mary Louise Wilhelmina) (30 August 1808 � 25 January 1892) was the sixth child of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife, Karoline of Baden, and the mother of Empress Elisabeth of Austria. She was born and died in Munich.Marie Ludovika Wilhelmine was born to King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife Caroline of Baden as their fifth child, The birth of Ludovika was known to be difficult.Ludovika married Maximilian Joseph, Duke in Bavaria, whose father Duke Pius August in Bavaria was her cousin, on 9 September 1828 in Tegernsee. Ludovika was always frustrated that, unlike her elder sisters who married kings and Austrian archdukes, she would not be marrying someone with a grand title, but rather a peculiar and childish duke who had a fondness for circuses. However, Ludovika was determined to create dynastic marriages for her daughters. She and her husband had ten children, including Empress Elisabeth of Austria and Queen Maria Sofia of the Two Sicilies.Maximilian was mostly away from home; due to this, Ludovika wrote that she spent their first wedding anniversary alone and wept. Though, in 1830, Ludovika found herself pregnant with their first child. She gave birth 21 June 1831 to a son who they named Ludwig Wilhelm.



Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este, also known as Maria Ludovika of Modena, (German: Maria Ludovika Beatrix von Modena)(14 December 1787 � 7 April 1816) was the daughter of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1754�1806) and his wife, Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este (1750�1829). She was a member of the House of Austria-Este, a branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.Maria Ludovika was born in Monza, but her family fled from Italy to Austria when Northern Italy was conquered by Napoleon in 1796. This caused her a hostility for Napoleon. In Austria, the Emperor fell in love with her during his visits to her mother. On 6 January 1808 she married her first cousin Francis I, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia. They had no children. She is not to be confused with Marie-Louise of Austria (who was given the Latin baptismal name of Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Francisca Theresa Josepha Lucia), who married Napoleon in 1810.

Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain (Spanish: Mar�a Luisa, German: Maria Ludovika)(24 November 1745 � 15 May 1792) was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor  Maria Luisa was born in Portici, in Campania, the site of the summer palace (Reggia di Portici) of her parents, Charles, King of Naples and Sicily, and Maria Amalia of Saxony. She was the fifth daughter, and second surviving child, of her parents.Her father, the future Charles III of Spain, had become King of Naples and Sicily in 1735 after its occupation by the Spanish in the War of Polish Succession. After her father became King of Spain at the death of her half-uncle, Ferdinand VI of Spain, in 1759, she became known as Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain, and she moved with her family to Spain.Maria Luisa was originally intended to marry the future Emperor Joseph II, but this was stopped owing to the disapproval of Louis XV of France, who instead wished for Joseph to marry his granddaughter, Isabella of Parma.On 16 February 1764 she was married by proxy at Madrid to Leopold, the third son of Empress Maria Theresa I, Holy Roman Empress and Francis, Duke of Lorraine, and the heir apparent to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Before her marriage, she was made to renounce her rights to the throne of Spain by the wishes of her father. After her wedding by proxy, she travelled to Austria by way of Barcelona, Genoa and Bolzano. The next year, on 5 August, she married him in person at Innsbruck. Only a few days later, the death of Emperor Francis made Maria Luisa's husband the new Grand Duke of Tuscany, and the newly married couple moved to Florence. They had 15 children. In 1790, on the death of Leopold's childless brother, Joseph II, Maria Luisa's husband inherited the Habsburg lands in Central Europe, and was shortly thereafter elected Holy Roman Emperor. Taking the name of Leopold II, the new Emperor moved his family to Vienna, where Maria Luisa took on the role of imperial consort, being the penultimate one and the last to have had held the title until her husband's death.


Maria Ludovika Auguste Fredericka Therese Franziska Johanna Aloysia Nepomucena Ignatia Anna Josepha Xaveria Franziska de Paula Barbara of Saxony (14 March 1795 � 25 April 1796) , daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria (1767�1827) and  Prince Anthony of Saxony


Archduchess Ludovika Elisabeth of Austria (18 February 1790- 24 June 1791), daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and his 1st wife Duchess Elisabeth of W�rttemberg


Archduchess Maria Ludovika (known as Marie Louise) (German: Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Lucia; Italian: Maria Luigia Leopoldina Francesca Teresa Giuseppa Lucia)( 12 December 1791 � 17 December 1847) was born at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna on 12 December 1791 to Archduke Francis of Austria and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily.She was named after her grandmother, Marie Louise, Holy Roman Empress. Her father became Holy Roman Emperor a year later as Francis II. Marie Louise was a great-granddaughter of Empress Maria Theresa through both her parents, as they were first cousins. She was also a maternal granddaughter of Queen Maria Carolina of Naples In 1807, when Marie Louise was 15, her mother died after suffering a miscarriage. Less than a year later, Emperor Francis married his first cousin Maria Ludovika Beatrix of Austria-Este, who was four years older than Marie Louise After escaping an assassination attempt in Vienna while negotiating the Treaty of Sch�nbrunn on 12 October 1809, Emperor Napoleon decided that he needed an heir to cement his relatively young Empire He also sought the validation and legitimization of his Empire by marrying a member of one of the leading royal families of Europe. He began proceedings to divorce Jos�phine de Beauharnais, who did not bear him a son, and began searching for a new empress. His wish to marry Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia, the youngest sister of Tsar Alexander I of Russia, caused alarm in Austria, who were afraid of being sandwiched between two great powers allied with each other. At the persuasion of Prince Metternich, a marriage between Napoleon and Marie Louise was suggested by Emperor Francis to the Count of Narbonne but no official overture was made by the Austrians.Though officials in Paris and Austria were beginning to accept the possibility of the union, Marie Louise was kept uninformed of developments.Frustrated by the Russians delaying the marriage negotiations, Napoleon rescinded his proposal in late January 1810 and began negotiations to marry Marie Louise with the Austrian ambassador, the Prince of Schwarzenberg. Schwarzenberg signed the marriage contract on 7 February. Marie Louise was informed of the marriage by Metternich. When asked for consent, she replied: "I wish only what my duty commands me to wish." Marie Louise was married by proxy to Napoleon on 11 March 1810 at the Augustinian Church, Vienna The civil wedding was held at the Saint Joseph's Church on 1 April 1810 Marie Louise was an obedient wife and settled in quickly in the French court.She developed a close friendship with her Premi�re dame d'honneur, the Duchess of Montebello,while most of the daily affairs were handled by her Dame d'atour Jeanne Charlotte du Lu�ay. Napoleon initially remarked that he had "married a womb" to an aide, but their relationship soon grew. He "spared no pains" to please her and claimed at one point to prefer Marie Louise to his first wife Jos�phine while he had loved Jos�phine, and though he claimed Jos�phine remained his greatest friend even after their amicable divorce, he had not respected her, whereas with Marie Louise, there was "Never a lie, never a debt" � presumably a reference to Jos�phine's rumoured extramarital affairs and reputation as a spendthrift Marie Louise became pregnant by July 1810 and gave birth to a son on 20 March 1811 The boy, Napol�on Fran�ois Joseph Charles Bonaparte, was given the title King of Rome, in accordance with the practice where the heir apparent to the Holy Roman Empire was called the King of the Romans Napoleon abdicated the throne on 11 April 1814 in FontainebleauThe Treaty of Fontainebleau exiled him to Elba, allowed Marie Louise to retain her imperial rank and style and made her ruler of the duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, with her son as heir.This arrangement was later revised at the Congress of Vienna.Marie Louise was strongly dissuaded from rejoining her husband by her advisors, who fed her accounts that Napoleon was distraught with grief over the death of Jos�phine.In the summer of 1814, Emperor Francis sent Count Adam Albert von Neipperg to accompany Marie Louise to the spa town of Aix-les-Bains to prevent her from joining Napoleon on Elba. Marie Louise fell in love with Neipperg. They became lovers. He became her chamberlain, and her advocate at the Congress of Vienna. News of the relationship was not received well by the French and the Austrian public When Napoleon escaped in March 1815 and reinstated his rule, the Allies once again declared war. Marie Louise was asked by her stepmother to join in the processions to pray for the success of the Austrian armies but rejected the insulting invitation. She passed a message to Napoleon's private secretary, Claude Fran�ois de M�neval, who was about to return to France: "I hope he will understand the misery of my position ... I shall never assent to a divorce, but I flatter myself that he will not oppose an amicable separation, and that he will not bear any ill feeling towards me ... This separation has become imperative; it will in no way affect the feelings of esteem and gratitude that I preserve." Napoleon was defeated for the last time at the Battle of Waterloo and was exiled to Saint Helena from October 1815. Napoleon made no further attempt to contact her personally.She and Neipperg had four children Napoleon died on 5 May 1821. On 8 August, Marie Louise married devastating Marie Louise. She was banned by Austria from mourning in public. Marie Louise's son by Napoleon, then known as "Franz," was given the title Duke of Reichstadt in 1818 Franz lived at the Austrian court, where he was shown great affection by his grandfather, but was constantly undermined by Austrian ministers and nationalists, who did their best to sideline him to become an irrelevance. There were fears that he might be smuggled over to France to regain the throne, as he could be easily disguised as a girl. Franz grew resentful at his Austrian relatives and his mother for their lack of support, and began identifying as Napoleon II and surrounding himself with French courtiers. The relationship with his mother broke down to such an extent that he once remarked "If Josephine had been my mother, my father would not have been buried at Saint Helena, and I should not be at Vienna. My mother is kind but weak; she was not the wife my father deserved; Josephine was." However, before anything could become of Napoleon II, he died at the age of 21 in Vienna in 1832, after suffering from tuberculosis.Marie Louise fell ill on 9 December 1847. Her condition worsened for the next few days. On 17 December, she passed out after vomiting and never woke up again. She died in the evening