RULERS OF AUSTRIA

Margraves of Austria

March of Austria, also known as Marcha Orientalis, was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the March of Pannonia in Karlovingian times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian monastery.

House of Babenberg

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Leopold I the Illustrious (Luitpold der Erlauchte) 976–994		c. 940	Richardis of Sualafeldgau nine children	10 July 994 Würzburg aged about 54
Henry I the Strong (Heinrich der Starke) 994–1018		late 10th century son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau	never married	23 June 1018
Adalbert the Victorious (Adalbert der Siegreiche) 1018–1055		c. 985 son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau	(1) Glismod of West-Saxony two children (2) Frozza Orseolo no issue	26 May 1055 Melk aged about 70
Ernest the Brave (Ernst der Tapfere) 1055–1075		c. 1027 son of Adalbert and Glismod of West-Saxony	(1) Adelaide of Eilenburg 1060 three children (2) Swanhilde von der Ungarnmark 1072 no issue	10 June 1075 aged about 48
Leopold II the Fair (Luitpold der Schöne) 1075–1095		c. 1050 son of Ernest and Adelaide of Eilenburg	Ida of Cham 1065 eight children	12 October 1095 aged about 45
Leopold III the Good (Luitpold der Heilige) 1095–1136		c. 1073 Melk son of Leopold II and Ida of Cham	(1) Maria of Perg one son (2) Agnes of Germany 1106 eighteen children	15 November 1136 Vienna aged about 63
Leopold IV the Generous (Luitpold der Freigiebige) 1137–1141		c. 1108 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	Maria of Bohemia 28 September 1138 no issue	18 October 1141 Niederalteich aged about 33
Henry II Jasomirgott (Heinrich Jasomirgott) 1141–1156		c. 1107 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	(1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children	13 January 1177 aged about 70

Dukes of Austria

In 1156, the Privilegium Minus elevated the march to a duchy, independent of the Duchy of Bavaria.

House of Babenberg

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Henry II Jasomirgott (Heinrich Jasomirgott) 1156–1177		c. 1107 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	(1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children	13 January 1177 aged about 70
Leopold V the Virtuous (Luitpold der Tugendhafte) 1177–1194		c. 1157 son of Henry II and Theodora Komnene	Helena of Hungary 1174 four children	31 December 1194 Graz aged about 37
Frederick I the Catholic (Friedrich der Katholische) 1195–1198		c. 1175 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary	never married	16 April 1198 The Holy Land aged about 23
Leopold VI the Glorious (Luitpold der Glorreiche) 1198–1230		c. 1176 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary	Theodora Angelina 1203 seven children	28 July 1230 San Germano aged about 54
Frederick II the Quarrelsome (Friedrich der Streitbare) 1230–1246		25 April 1211 Wiener Neustadt son of Leopold VI and Theodora Angelina	(1) Sophia Laskarina no issue (2) Agnes of Merania 1229 no issue	15 June 1246 Leitha aged 35

Interregnum

Ottokar of Bohemia

After Frederick's death, the succession of the Duchy was disputed between various claimants:

• Vladislaus of Moravia, claimant 1246–1247
• Herman VI of Baden, claimant 1248–1250
• Frederick I of Baden, claimant 1250–1268
• Ottokar II of Bohemia, claimant 1251–1278

House of Habsburg

In 1278, Rudolf I, King of Germany, defeated Ottokar and took control of Austria. In 1282 he invested his sons with the Duchies of Austria and Styria, thereby securing it for the House of Habsburg.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Rudolf I 1278–1282		1 May 1218 Breisgau son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and Hedwig of Kyburg	(1) Gertrude of Hohenburg 1245 9 children (2) Isabella of Burgundy 5 February 1284 no issue	15 July 1291 Speyer aged 73
Albert I 1282–1308		July 1255 Vienna eldest son of Rudolf I and Gertrude of Hohenburg	Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 20 December 1274 Vienna 12 children	1 May 1308 Windisch aged 52
Rudolf II the Debonair 1282–1283		July 1270 Rheinfelden third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of Hohenburg	Agnes of Bohemia March 1289 Prague one son	10 May 1290 Prague aged 20
Rudolf III the Good 1298–1307		c. 1281 Vienna eldest son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	(1) Blanche of France 25 May 1300 one daughter (2) Elisabeth Richeza of Poland 16 October 1306 no issue	3/4 July 1307 Horažďovice aged 26
Frederick I the Fair 1308–1330		c. 1289 Vienna second son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	Isabella of Aragon 11 May 1315 Ravensburg three children	13 January 1330 Gutenstein aged 41
Leopold I the Glorious 1308–1326		4 August 1290 Vienna third son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	Catherine of Savoy 26 May 1315 Basel two daughters	28 February 1326 Strassburg aged 35
Albert II the Wise 1330–1358		12 December 1298 Habsburg Castle fourth son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	Joanna of Pfirt 15 February 1324 Vienna six children	16 August 1358 Vienna aged 59
Otto I the Merry 1330–1339		23 July 1301 Vienna seventh son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	(1) Elisabeth of Bavaria 15 May 1325 Straubing two sons (2) Anne of Bohemia 16 February 1335 Znaim no issue	17 February 1339 Neuberg an der Mürz aged 37
Frederick II 1339–1344		10 February 1327 eldest son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria	never married	11 December 1344 Neuberg an der Mürz aged 17
Leopold II 1339–1344		c. 1328 second son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria	never married	10 August 1344 aged 16
Rudolf IV the Founder 1358–1365		1 November 1339 Vienna eldest son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt	Catherine of Bohemia 13 July 1356 Vienna no issue	27 July 1365 Milan aged 25

Archdukes of Austria

House of Habsburg

The Privilegium Maius, fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an "Archduke". This title was frequently used by Ernest the Iron and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until Frederick V became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453.

Rudolf was succeeded by his brothers that at first ruled jointly:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Albert III the Pigtail 1365–1379		9 September 1349 Vienna third son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt	(1) Elisabeth of Bohemia after 19 March 1366 Vienna no issue (2) Beatrice of Nuremberg 4 March 1375 Vienna one son	29 August 1395 Laxenburg aged 45
Leopold III the Just 1365–1379		1 November 1351 Vienna fourth son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt	Viridis Visconti 23 February 1365 Vienna six children	9 July 1386 Sempach aged 34

Divided rule

The territories were divided between the brothers and their descendants in the Treaty of Neuberg in 1379:

The Albertinian Line received the Duchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria (not to be confused with the namesake modern state):

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Albert III the Pigtail 1379–1395		9 September 1349 Vienna third son of Albert the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt	(1) Elisabeth of Bohemia after 19 March 1366 Vienna no issue (2) Beatrice of Nuremberg 4 March 1375 Vienna one son	29 August 1395 Laxenburg aged 45
Albert IV the Patient 1395–1404		19 September 1377 Vienna only son of Albert the Pigtail and Beatrice of Nuremberg	Joanna Sophia of Bavaria 24 April 1390 Vienna two children	14 September 1404 Klosterneuburg aged 26
Albert V 1404–1439 under joint guardianship of Leopold IV and Ernest (1404–1411)		16 August 1397 Vienna only son of Albert IV and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria	Elizabeth of Luxembourg 26 April 1422 Vienna three children	27 October 1439 Neszmély aged 42
Vacant 1439–1440
Ladislaus I the Posthumous 1440–1457 under guardianship of Frederick V (1440–1452)		22 February 1440 Komarom only son of Albert V and Elizabeth of Luxembourg	never married	23 November 1457 Prague aged 17

After Ladislaus' death his territories passed to the Leopoldinian Line:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Frederick V the Peaceful 1457–1493		21 September 1415 Innsbruck first son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia	Eleanor of Portugal 16 March 1452 Rome five children	19 August 1493 Linz aged 77
Albert VI the Prodigal 1457–1463		12 September 1418 Vienna third son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia	Mathilde of the Palatinate 1452 Vienna no issue	2 December 1463 Vienna aged 45

The Leopoldinian Line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, the County of Tyrol and Further Austria:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Leopold III the Just 1379–1386		1 November 1351 Vienna fourth son of Albert the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt	Viridis Visconti 23 February 1365 Vienna six children	9 July 1386 Sempach aged 34
William the Courteous 1386–1406		c. 1370 Vienna eldest son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	Joan II of Naples 13 November 1401 Vienna no issue	15 July 1406 Vienna aged 36
Leopold IV the Fat 1386–1411		c. 1371 Vienna second son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	Catherine of Burgundy 15 August 1393 Vienna no issue	3 June 1411 Vienna aged 40
Ernest the Iron 1402–1406		c. 1377 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	(1) Margaret of Pomerania 14 January 1392 Bruck an der Mur no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia 25 January 1412 Kraków nine children	10 June 1424 Bruck an der Mur aged 47
Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets[1] 1402–1406		c. 1382 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children	24 June 1439 Innsbruck aged 57

In 1406, the Leopoldinian lines split their territories:

The Elder Ernestine line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, also called Inner Austria:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Ernest the Iron 1402–1424		c. 1377 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	(1) Margaret of Pomerania 14 January 1392 Bruck an der Mur no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia 25 January 1412 Kraków nine children	10 June 1424 Bruck an der Mur aged 47
Frederick V the Peaceful 1457–1493		21 September 1415 Innsbruck first son of Ernest the Iron and Cymburgis of Masovia	Eleanor of Portugal 16 March 1452 Rome five children	19 August 1493 Linz aged 77
Albert VI the Prodigal 1457–1463		12 September 1418 Vienna third son of Ernest the Iron and Cymburgis of Masovia	Mathilde of the Palatinate 1452 Vienna no issue	2 December 1463 Vienna aged 45

Both under the guardianship of

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets 1406–1435		c. 1382 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children	24 June 1439 Innsbruck aged 57

The Junior Tyrolean Line received Tyrol and soon also Further Austria. These territories were also called Upper Austria (not to be confused with the namesake modern state):

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets 1406–1439		c. 1382 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children	24 June 1439 Innsbruck aged 57
Sigismund the Rich 1439–1490 under guardianship of Frederick V (1439–1446)		26 October 1427 Innsbruck second son of Frederick IV and Anna of Brunswick	(1) Eleanor of Scotland 12 February 1449 Innsbruck one son (2) Katharina of Saxony 24 February 1484 Innsbruck no issue	4 March 1496 Innsbruck aged 68

In 1490 these territories were handed over to

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Maximilian I the Last Knight 1490–1493		22 March 1459 Wiener Neustadt second son of Frederick V and Eleanor of Portugal	(1) Mary of Burgundy 18 August 1477 Ghent three children (2) Anne of Brittany 18 December 1490 Rennes no issue (3) Bianca Maria Sforza 16 March 1494 Hall in Tirol no issue	12 January 1519 Wels aged 59

• Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, claimed the Austrian territories and occupied Austria proper and Styria. Claiming the title "Duke of Austria", he resided in Vienna from 1485 to his death in 1490.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Matthias Corvinus 1485–1490 Claimant Duke		23 February 1443 Kolozsvár second son of John Hunyadi and Elizabeth Szilágyi	(1) Elizabeth of Celje no issue (2) Catherine of Poděbrady 1 May 1461 Matthias Church, Budapest no issue (3) Beatrice of Naples 15 December 1476 Vienna no issue	6 April 1490 Vienna aged 47

Reunited rule

The Austrian territories were again reunited in 1493.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Maximilian I 1493–1519		22 March 1459 Wiener Neustadt second son of Frederick V and Eleanor of Portugal	(1) Mary of Burgundy 18 August 1477 Ghent three children (2) Anne of Brittany 18 December 1490 Rennes no issue (3) Bianca Maria Sforza 16 March 1494 Hall in Tirol no issue	12 January 1519 Wels aged 59
Charles I 1519–1521		24 February 1500 Ghent eldest son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile	Isabella of Portugal 10 March 1526 Seville seven children	21 September 1558 Yuste aged 58
Ferdinand I 1521–1564		10 March 1503 Alcalá de Henares second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile	Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 25 May 1521 Linz fifteen children	25 July 1564 Vienna aged 61

Divided again

In 1564 the Austrian territories were again divided among Emperor Ferdinand's sons:

Lower and Upper Austria (Austria proper) passed to Ferdinand's 1st son Maximilian:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Maximilian II 1564–1576		31 July 1527 Vienna eldest son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary	Maria of Spain 13 September 1548 Valladolid sixteen children	12 October 1576 Regensburg aged 49
Rudolf V 1576–1608		18 July 1552 Vienna second son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	never married	20 January 1612 Prague aged 59
Matthias 1608–1619		24 February 1557 Vienna fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	Anna of Tyrol 4 December 1611 Vienna no issue	20 March 1619 Vienna aged 62
Albert VII 1619		13 November 1559 Wiener Neustadt fifth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain 18 April 1599 Valencia no issue	13 July 1621 Brussels aged 61

Rudolf, Matthias and Albert had no issue. The territories therefore passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles after Albert's abdication on 9 October 1619.

Tyrol and Further Austria passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 2nd son Ferdinand:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Ferdinand II 1564–1595		14 June 1529 Linz second son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary	(1) Philippine Welser ca. 1576 four children (2) Anne Juliana Gonzaga 14 May 1582 Innsbruck three daughters	24 January 1595 Innsbruck aged 65

Ferdinand died without an agnatic heir and his territories passed to the descendants of his brother Maximilian:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Matthias 1595–1619 under regency of Maximilian III (1612–1618)		24 February 1557 Vienna fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	Anna of Tyrol 4 December 1611 Vienna no issue	20 March 1619 Vienna aged 62
Maximilian III 1612–1618 as Governor-Archduke		12 October 1558 Vienna sixth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	never married	2 November 1618 Vienna aged 60

Matthias died without issue and the territories passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles.

Inner Austria ("Inner-Österreich")(Styria, Carinthia and Carniola) passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles II 1564–1590		3 June 1540 Vienna fourth son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary	Maria Anna of Bavaria 26 August 1571 Vienna fifteen children	10 July 1590 Graz aged 50
Ferdinand III 1590/1619–1637 under regency of Maximilian III (1593–1595)		9 July 1578 Graz second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria	(1) Maria Anna of Bavaria 23 April 1600 Graz seven children (2) Eleonor Gonzaga 2 February 1622 Innsbruck no issue	15 February 1637 Vienna aged 58

In German Articles and Books these Archdukes' names and titles are normally completed with the territorial names of their Duchy as: "Charles II of Inner Austria" = "Karl der II. von Inner Österreich"

Reunited and redivided, again

The Austrian territories were reunited again by inheritance in 1620 under Ferdinand III, Archduke of Inner Austria (see Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor), but in 1623 five years into the Thirty Years' War he had so much to do with, Ferdinand divided them yet again, when he made his younger brother Leopold, who had been governor over Upper Austria, Archduke of those territories.

Lower Austria and Inner Austria remained with the elder line (Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor):

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Ferdinand III 1590/1619–1637		9 July 1578 Graz second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria	(1) Maria Anna of Bavaria 23 April 1600 Graz seven children (2) Eleonora Gonzaga 2 February 1622 Innsbruck no issue	15 February 1637 Vienna aged 58
Ferdinand IV 1637–1657		13 July 1608 Graz third son of Ferdinand III and Maria Anna of Bavaria	(1) Maria Anna of Spain 20 February 1631 Vienna six children (2) Maria Leopoldine of Austria 2 July 1648 Linz one son (3) Eleonora Gonzaga 30 April 1651 Wiener Neustadt four children	2 April 1657 Vienna aged 48

Upper Austria passed to the Younger Tyrolean Line:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Leopold V 1623–1632		9 October 1586 Graz fifth son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria	Claudia de' Medici 19 April 1626 Innsbruck five children	13 September 1632 Schwaz aged 45
Ferdinand Charles 1632–1662		17 May 1628 Innsbruck eldest son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici	Anna de' Medici 10 June 1646 Innsbruck two daughters	30 December 1662 Kaltern aged 34
Sigismund Francis 1662–1665		27 November 1630 Innsbruck second son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici	Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach 3 June 1665 Sulzbach no issue	25 June 1665 Innsbruck aged 34

After Sigismund Francis died without issue and his territories reverted to the elder line.

The Austrian territories were conclusively reunited in 1665 under:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Leopold VI 1657/1665–1705		9 June 1640 Vienna fourth son of Ferdinand IV and Maria Anna of Spain	(1) Margaret Theresa of Spain 12 December 1666 Vienna four children (2) Claudia Felicitas of Austria 15 October 1673 Graz two daughters (3) Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 14 December 1676 Passau eleven children	5 May 1705 Vienna aged 64
Joseph I 1705–1711		26 July 1678 Vienna eldest son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg	Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick 10 June 1646 Vienna three children	17 April 1711 Vienna aged 32
Charles III 1711–1740		1 October 1685 Vienna second son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg	Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1 August 1708 Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona five children	20 October 1740 Vienna aged 55
Maria Theresa 1740–1780 with Francis I Stephen (1740–1765) Joseph II (1765–1780)		13 May 1717 Hofburg Imperial Palace eldest daughter of Charles III and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	12 February 1736 Vienna Sixteen Children	29 November 1780 Hofburg Imperial Palace aged 63
Francis I Stephen with Maria Theresa (1740–1765)		8 December 1708 Nancy fourth son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans		18 August 1765 Innsbruck aged 56

House of Habsburg-Lorraine

The Austrian branch technically ended in 1780 with the death of Maria Theresa of Austria and was replaced by the Vaudemont branch of the House of Lorraine in the person of her son Joseph II. However, in practice, the new successor house styled itself as Habsburg-Lorraine (Habsburg-Lothringen). All Habsburgs living today are in the agnatic descendants of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Joseph II 1765–1790 with Maria Theresa (1765–1780)		13 March 1741 Vienna eldest son of Francis I Stephen and Maria Theresa	(1) Isabella of Parma 6 October 1760 Vienna two daughters (2) Maria Josepha of Bavaria 23 January 1765 Schönbrunn no issue	20 February 1790 Vienna aged 48
Leopold VII 1790–1792		5 May 1747 Vienna third son of Francis I and Maria Theresa	Maria Luisa of Spain 16 February 1764 Innsbruck sixteen children	1 March 1792 Vienna aged 44
Francis II 1792–11 August 1804		12 February 1768 Florence eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain	(1) Elisabeth of Württemberg 6 January 1788 Vienna one daughter (2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 15 September 1790 Vienna 12 children (3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 6 January 1808 Vienna no issue (4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 29 October 1816 Vienna no issue	2 March 1835 Vienna aged 67

Emperors of Austria

See also: Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary

In 1804 Francis I adopted the new title Emperor of Austria, but kept the title of Archduke of Austria. In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Francis I 11 August 1804–1835		12 February 1768 Florence eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain	(1) Elisabeth of Württemberg 6 January 1788 Vienna one daughter (2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 15 September 1790 Vienna 12 children (3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 6 January 1808 Vienna no issue (4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 29 October 1816 Vienna no issue	2 March 1835 Vienna aged 67
Ferdinand I 1835–1848		19 April 1793 Vienna eldest son of Francis II and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily	Maria Anna of Savoy 27 February 1831 Vienna no issue	29 June 1875 Prague aged 82
Francis Joseph I 1848–1916		18 August 1830 Schönbrunn Palace eldest son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria	Elisabeth of Bavaria 24 April 1854 Augustinerkirche four children	21 November 1916 Schönbrunn Palace aged 86
Charles I 1916–12 November 1918		17 August 1887 Persenbeug-Gottsdorf eldest son of Archduke Otto Francis of Austria and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony	Zita of Bourbon-Parma 21 October 1911 Schwarzau Castle eight children	1 April 1922 Madeira aged 34