The development of the nobility in early medieval Germany is particularly difficult to trace.� Imperial diplomas, necrologies and chronicles include numerous references to individuals titled "comes" but in the 8th and 9th centuries they are rarely linked to any geographical location and the sources rarely specify family relationships.� Some approximate relationships can be posited with near certainty when unusual names are involved:� for example, it is almost certain that Graf Druwin [II] was closely related to Graf Druwin [I], although it cannot be assumed automatically that the former was the son of the latter as the name could also have been transmitted through the female line and through collateral branches.� It is only with the chronicles of the early 11th century, especially the writings of Thietmar of Merseburg and the Annalista Saxo, that the importance of recording ancestry seems to have emerged in Germany.� This provides a marked contrast with early British and Scandinavian sources which emphasise the tracing of ancestry as a means of underlining historical continuity and legitimising the power of incumbent rulers, although it is suspected that many of the early lines of descent traced in the early sources in those countries are unreliable (see the Introductions to the documents ENGLAND, ANGLO-SAXON & DANISH KINGS and NORWAY KINGS for a full discussion of this problem).�

One result of the infrequency of specifying family relationships in early German sources before the 11th century is the extreme difficulty of judging the extent of hereditary succession in the German counties during this period and, if heredity was the rule, whether it followed an accepted pattern of primogeniture in the male line or whether it was broader.� The suspicion is that early territorial appointments in Germany were largely personal, and at the discretion of the king/emperor, who exercised his right to make changes frequently depending on the continuing loyalty of the appointee and other potential appointees.� This system of discretionary personal appointments can be demonstrated in the early years of the Carolingian Frankish empire (see the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY) and there appears to be no reason to suppose that the practice changed immediately after the kingdom of the East Franks and the kingdom of Lotharingia were created when the empire was divided under the treaty of Verdun in 843.� The title dux was certainly a personal appointment in Germany from the 11th century onwards, and it is hard to see why the situation should have been any different in the case of comital appointments before that date.�

Arnold highlights the theory that, in the 11th century and before, relationships within the families of Germany nobility were defined on a broadly consanguineous rather than patrilineal basis, an evolution towards the latter occurring only from the 12th century onwards with the adoption of family toponymics following the widespread building of castles which became personally identified with the ruling families[1].� There is clearly ample proof to support this hypothesis from the 12th century onwards, but the absence of evidence relating to the earlier period makes it unsafe to postulate too strenuously on what might have been the position.� Common sense suggests that there would have been no lesser sense of responsibility for the welfare of an individual's immediate family during the earlier centuries.� It therefore seems unlikely that property owners would have favoured more remote relations over direct descendants in the transmission of their possessions.� The 9th to 11th century imperial families provide ample evidence of patrilineal succession, providing another indication that the same practice may already have been generally accepted among the families of the first-tier of nobility below the king/emperor.�

Primary source documentation relating to Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia refers to the Frankish local territorial administrative unit, the pagus, from the 8th century onwards.� In the case of Saxony, the pagi were presumably introduced only after a certain degree of internal stability was achieved following the peace which was agreed in 803 between the Carolingian monarch and the Saxons.� The "-gau" suffix, originally applied to the names of local administrative units in Saxony, appears in imperial diplomas from the mid-9th century in relation to pagi in all the German provinces.� It is therefore unlikely that it was a purely Saxon term.� In the early 10th century, the familiar formula "in pago X in comitatu Y comitis" was standard in the description of property referred to in charters.� However, this in itself presents interpretative challenges.� The name of "pago X" is frequently unrecognisable in the curious mixture of latinised Germanic dialect which was used for place names in contemporary documentation.� Even if the name of the place can be identified, detailed local geographic knowledge is necessary in order to locate the place precisely.� In addition, it is uncertain whether the comitatus was co-extensive with the pagus, as discussed further below.� It is hoped that in a future version of this document, more emphasis will be placed on the evolution of individual pagi and counties in each of the original German provinces.�

The evolution of pagi into counties appears to have accelerated in the late 9th century, although this probably did not occur in all the ancient provinces of Germany at the same pace.� As an example, the diplomas of Emperor Arnulf contain numerous references to the "in pago�" formula but these mainly refer to southern Germany, reflecting Arnulf's own original power-base in Bavaria.� Saxony caught up with the trend following the accession of the Saxon dynasty of Ottonian kings of Germany.� It is assumed that, during this early period, the award of counties was a reward for fidelity and services rendered to the monarch.� It must also have provided the incidental advantage for the monarch of fragmenting administration and preventing the centralisation of local power-bases, although it cannot be known with certainty whether this was an intentional policy at the time.� What is clear is that the primary sources reveal that the counties were not always geographically coincident with the pagi.� References to two or three different comitati within one pagus are frequent, as are references to the comitatus of a single comes spreading into more than one pagus.� This observation is fundamental for the process of family reconstruction of early German nobility as it means that counts within a single pagus were not necessarily related to each other.� An isolated example of a pagus which was co-extensive with a county is provided by a charter of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated 12 Apr 858, in which Kloster Rheinau is referred to as "in ducatu Alemannico in pago Turgauue videlicet comitatu Adalhelmi"[2].� A reasonable conclusion appears to be that the continued reference to pagi in diplomas into the 12th century was a matter of convenience, presumably because the governing elite was still familiar with the names and locations of the pagi long after their administrative significance had ended, and also because the counties at that time were rarely named other than by reference to the name of the count himself.�

A related question is who appointed the counts to their counties.� In the late 9th and early 10th centuries, the evidence from imperial diplomas suggests that appointments were made exclusively by the king/emperor.� At that time, awards of counties do not seem to have been made on a wide scale.� Over any given ten year period, no more than a dozen or so different names of counts can be noted in the documentation, suggesting that the counts formed an inner circle of nobility which constituted a governing elite established to advise the monarch rather than for the purposes of decentralised local administration.� With the arrival of the Saxon dynasty, the number of appointments increased, as can be seen from the names referenced in the present document.� The pace of increase quickened further with the successors to the Ottonians, King Heinrich II and the kings of the Salian dynasty.� This suggests that the role of the counts had changed by that time, as they would have been too numerous to have formed an effective advisory council.�

The emergence of the provincial dukes in Germany coincided with this increase in the number of comital appointments.� References in the documentation to individuals with the title "dux" increase considerably after the accession of King Heinrich I in 919.� Once more, the process does not seem to have occurred at the same pace, or with the same degree of central control, in each German province.� For example, Arnulf of Bavaria [Liutpoldinger] referred to himself as "dux" as early as 908[3].� However, in a diploma of King Konrad I dated 5 Mar 912 he was referred to as "comes"[4], suggesting that his title �dux� may have been self-styled and not recognised by the king.� The permanent appointment of a dux in Bavaria was presumably delayed by Arnulf's rebellion and expulsion in 915, but by the mid-920s the title had become established there.� The position in Swabia was similar.� The death of Duke Burkhard I in 911 is recorded differently by Herimannus ("Burchardus dux Alamanni�orto tumultu occisus est")[5] and by the Annales Alamannicorum ("Purghart comes et princeps Alamannorum")[6], suggesting, as in the case of Bavaria, that "dux" was at first a locally inspired title and was not uniformly used or recognised.� However, by the mid-920s "dux" was also established permanently in Swabia.� The process in Saxony occurred much later, with Hermann Billung being referred to as dux only from 965 and the title "dux Saxonum" only emerging a century later, the delay presumably being due to the greater degree of personal control exercised by the Ottonian kings in their Saxon homeland than in the other provinces.�

By the mid-10th century, it is likely that the appointment of counts was made either directly by the king/emperor or by the provincial duke, although no documentation specifically confirming such early appointments appears to have survived.� This pattern of dual appointment had immense significance for the future development of Germany.� The imperial nominations evolved into the "Reichsf�rsten", which constituted the first tier of nobility who were responsible directly to the emperor and were therefore of equal status with the centrally appointed dukes.� Those counts who were appointed by the dukes formed a second tier, indirectly reporting to the king/emperor through their provincial suzerain.� The �Reichsf�rsten� status was much sought after.� Lower level nobles, who happened to inherit a �first-level� appointment territory, adopted the latter as their main family title even though it was less significant territorially than their other holdings.� This, for example, is how the relatively insignificant territory of Anhalt was able to evolve as a Reichsf�rstentum (as explained more fully in the Introduction to the document ANHALT).� As far as the nobility of the 10th and 11th centuries is concerned, the surviving evidence from diplomas and other primary source documentation is insufficient to judge which nobles may have been centrally or locally appointed.�

The present document sets out the families of German nobility after the partition of the Carolingian empire which was agreed under the 843 Treaty of Verdun, when the kingdom of the East Franks (which later evolved into the kingdom of Germany) and the kingdom of Lotharingia were formed.� It complements the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY, which shows the Frankish nobility prior to 843 as well as nobility after that date which was linked principally to the west Frankish kingdom.� The purpose of the present document is to list the known first ancestors of all individual nobles who are named in primary sources in Germany, approximately between the 9th and 11th centuries.� These include those individuals whose descendants later rose to prominence in each of the German provinces as well as persons who cannot be linked to any later noble family.� Those connected with the later nobility are hyperlinked to the respective documents, BAVARIA NOBILITY, CARINTHIA, FRANCONIA NOBILITY, LOTHARINGIA NOBILITY (LOWER and UPPER), SAXONY NOBILITY and SWABIA NOBILITY.� The objective of this method of presentation is to provide a definitive listing of all nobles in order to facilitate the identification of further family connections as more primary sources are studied.�

The German nobility shown in this document is split into five different chapters for each of the five original German provinces (including Lotharingia for present purposes).� The process of allocating individual nobles to a specific province is not always straight-forward, and no doubt many further refinements could be made to the allocation which is presented here.� In the case of the Saxon nobles at least, identification is facilitated by the recurrence of typically Saxon names (for example Bruno, Ekbert, Esiko, Hermann, Wichmann etc), which are found in the families of the Saxon Dukes (see the document SAXONY, DUKES & ELECTORS) and other Saxon nobles in later periods (see SAXONY NOBILITY), although by the 12th century the use of specific regional names had broadened across all provinces.� In the case of the other provinces, the allocation has been made on the basis of the location of the religious establishment to which a particular diploma, in which an individual is named, relates.� For example, names of nobles cited in donations to the monastery of Sankt Gallen (in present-day northern Switzerland) have generally been linked to a Swabian origin.� The assumption behind this decision to set out the information by province is that the nobility within each province evolved, during the early medieval period at least, to a great extent independently from the nobility of the other provinces.� The appropriateness of this assumption is partially corroborated by the number of definite links (shown by hyperlink) which can be made between individuals within this document and with the other documents in Medieval Lands which deal exclusively with each specific province.� Unfortunately, the limited nature of the information available in the primary sources relating to the early German nobility means that the number of such definite links is small.� A sixth chapter in this document sets out a group of forty or so nobles whose allocation to a particular province is not obvious on the basis of the limited information which is currently available.�

Within each provincial chapter in this document, the individuals have been split chronologically into sub-chapters for the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries, listed alphabetically within each sub-chapter for ease of reference.� It is hoped that this method of displaying the information will facilitate the correct incorporation of further data as it comes to light and maximise the chances of establishing more family connections.� It has been possible to reconstruct some small family groups among this early German nobility, but these are the exception and in any case are sketchy and uncertain in most cases.� No doubt many more relationships existed, especially between the nobility within each province, but establishing these connections depends on the primary source documentation which has survived.� The intention of the current exercise is to identify relationships which can be confirmed definitely by references in primary sources, assuming of course that such source material is itself factually accurate, an assumption which may not necessarily always be correct.� It is not to hypothesise on connections based exclusively on onomastics: such a process is inevitably flawed because of the difficulty of assessing whether such speculative relationships are through the male or female line, as already highlighted above.�

Chapter 1.�� BAVARIAN NOBILITY

Bavarian nobility is strongly represented in the charters of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his successors into the early 10th century.� Numerous Bavarian nobles have been identified from the documentation during this period but few family relationships are recorded.� There are only four examples where descents are traceable from 9th century Bavarian nobles into the 11th century and beyond:� the Liutpoldinger who were later appointed as dukes of Bavaria (see the document BAVARIA DUKES), the family of the Grafen im Kraichgau who were later Grafen von Ebersberg (see BAVARIA NOBILITY), and the families known as the Aribonen and Wilhelme (see CARINTHIA).� As far as the remaining Bavarian nobles are concerned, there is only one example (the family of Graf Ernst) where even a short two generation family reconstruction is possible, and only a single case where the name of a nobleman's wife is known.� These unconnected nobles, numbering more than 50, are shown in Part A of this chapter.�

A possible explanation for this difficulty in reconstructing early noble families in Bavaria may lie in the striking absence of Bavarian nobility from imperial diplomas after the accession of Heinrich I King of Germany in 919.� The power shift in imperial politics at this time, away from Bavaria to Saxony, is obvious from this documentation.� It is not until the early 11th century, with the accession of Heinrich II as king, that Bavarian names re-emerge in any numbers in the contemporary source material.� From this time onwards, there are many more examples of families who flourished in the later medieval period whose ancestry can be traced to the 11th century.� These families are set out in BAVARIA NOBILITY and CARINTHIA.� In addition, just over 20 nobles have been identified during this later period who cannot be connected to later families, as shown in Part B of this chapter.��

A.�� 9th and 10th CENTURIES

A useful list of mid-9th century German nobility is set out in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks granted property in the archbishopric of Salzburg to "Pribina"[7].� The document lists as present "Liuphrammus archiepiscopus, Erchambertus episcopus, Erchanfridus episcopus, Hartwigus episcopus" (the archbishop of Salzburg, and the bishops of Freising, Regensburg and Passau, respectively[8]) and lay persons "Karolomannus, Hludowicus, Ernust, Ratpot, Werinher, Pabo, Fritilo, Tacholf, Deotrih, Waninc, Gerolt, Liutolt, Deotheri, Wolfragi, Iezi, Egilolf, Puopo, Adalperht, Megingoz, item Adelperht, Odelrih, Pernger, Managolt".� The first two names in the lay list can be identified as the king's two older sons, which indicates that all those named must have been prominent figures even though the names are not qualified by comital titles in the document.� It is assumed that the counties of all or most of these nobles were within the area of ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the archbishopric of Salzburg, although at least one of them, "Odelrih", can probably be identified with a Swabian family.� Other lists of nobles are found in several late 9th century and early 10th century diplomas.� The 890 donation to Kloster St Emmeram by King Arnulf names "Engeldeus, Odalrich, Meginhart, Chunipercht, Kerolt, Rumolt, Geio"[9], all of whom, except the last-named, are also named in other documents and have been linked to individuals who are named in this chapter 1.A.� The 903 donation to Kloster St Gallen by King Ludwig IV "das Kind" includes the names "comites�Chonrat, Kebehart dux [Lotharingie]�Purchart marchio Thuringiorum, Adalpreht, Purchart marchio Curiensis R�ti�, Liutpold dux Boemanorum, Pabo, Odalrich, Arnolf, Chonrat, Hug, Reginpold, Adalgoz, Ruochere, Purchart filius Vualahonis, Liutfrid, Cotedane, Ernust et Erlolf", although the list comprises nobles who can be traced to all the provinces in Germany[10].� Several other diplomas of King Ludwig "das Kind" include shorter lists of nobles, all of whom can be identified as Bavarian[11].�

1. ADALBERT (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Adalperht�item Adalperht�" are among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[12].�

2. ADALBERT (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Adalperht�item Adalperht�" are among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[13].�

3. ALBUIN (-16 Aug 869).� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "869 XVI Kal Sep" of "Albwin com"[14].�

4. ARATHOTO (-after 877).� King Carloman granted property to Kloster Kremsm�nster "iuxta fluvium�Spraza�[near land of] duobus comitibus Arathoto et Ernusto�" by charter dated 877[15].�

5. ARIBO [I] ([835/45]-after 909).� The origin of Aribo [I] is unknown.� His birth date range is estimated on the basis of his having been adult when he was appointed Markgraf of Pannonia in 871.� A charter of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated 22 Jul 854 records the settlement of a dispute between Kloster St Gallen and the bishop of Konstanz related to property "�in comitatu Utonis comitis in pagello Perahtoltespara in villa Paldinga�[et] in pago Arbonensi in villa Puocha"[16].� It is chronologically unlikely that this charter refers to Aribo [I], although it presumably refers to property in the pagus which was held by his family.� In 871, Aribo [I] was appointed Markgraf of Pannonia by King Ludwig II "der Deutsche", passing over the sons of Wilhelm and Engelschalk who had been killed fighting the Moravians.� The Annales Fuldenses record that "duo fratres Willihelmus et Engilscalcus" had been granted "terminum regni Baioariorum in Oriente" by King Ludwig II and that they held the territory against the Moravians, were killed in battle, but that their sons were not confirmed as their successors, the land being granted to "Erbo"[17].� King Karloman donated property "in pago�Trungauui in comitatu Arbonis comitis in loci�Uualahofeld" to the priest Werinholf by charter dated 876[18].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "Chremisa�in comitatu Arbonis in pago Trungouui" to the abbey of Kremsm�nster by charter dated 5 Jan 888[19].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "iuxta rivum Scalaha in comitatu Arbonis" to "Snelperoni�abbati" by charter dated 1 Apr 888[20].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Grunzuuiti�ubi Arbo terminalis comes" to "ministerialis�Heimo" by charter dated [16 May/13 Jun] 888[21].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in comitatu Aribonis in loco�Scalaha in villa Obrinindorf" to Snello Abbot of Kremsm�nster by charter dated 3 May 889[22].� King Arnulf granted property "in comitatu Arbonis in loco Medelicha�quod Altman tenuit" to "nostri vassallo Theotrich" (vassal of Theotmar archbishop of Salzburg) by charter dated 3 Apr 892[23].� Aribo and his son quarrelled with Arnulf King of the East Franks in [896][24].� Emperor Arnulf granted property "in pago Ougesgouue in comitatu Arbonis inter h�c tria loca�Forzheim, Zuzcilinga, Hugeshus�quos Perhtolt comes�tenebat" to "cuidam homini Diotker" on the intervention of "Sigihardo et Iringo�comitibus" by charter dated 14 Jul 897[25].� The Annales Fuldenses record disputes between "duos fratres gentis Marahensium, Moymirum ac Zuentibaldum" in 898, which prompted Emperor Arnulf to send "marchiones suos, Liutboldum et Arbonum comitem" to Moravia to protect the Bavarians[26].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Arbo comes, Ysanrico filio suo instigante", rebelled in 898 after the intervention of "marchiones suos [Arnulfi imperatoris], Liutboldum et Arbonum comitem" in Moravia following the war between "duos fratres gentis Marahensium, Moymirum ac Zwentibaldum"[27].� "Hludowicus�rex" granted property "in valle�Liupinatal in comitatu eiusdem Otacherii" to "Otacharii�comitis nostri filio Arpo" after consulting "fidelium nostrorum Liutpoldi, Arponis, Iringi, Cumpoldi et Paponis comitum" by charter dated 10 Mar 904[28].� Additions to Bavarian laws dated to [906] name "�Arboni marchioni�nuntios suos Theotmarum archiepiscopum, Purchardum Pataviensis ecclesie presulem et Otacharium comitem�"[29].� Graf im Traungau.�

-�� ARIBONEN.�

6. BABO (-after 7 Apr 855).� A charter dated 22 May 843 recording a donation of property "in confinio Ratpoticella" to St Gallen terminates with "sub Pabone comite"[30].� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "in loco Brunnaron, Seuira in marco ubi Radpoti et Rihharii comitatus confiniunt" to the priest Dominicus at the request of "Werinhario comiti, Baboni comitis" by charter dated 15 Sep 844[31].� King Ludwig II granted property "in Ademundi valle" to "Uuitagouua comite nostro" at the request of "comes noster Papo" by charter dated 15 Sep 844[32].� "�Pabo�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[33].� King Ludwig II confirmed a judgment relating to property of Kloster Kempten by charter dated 11 Mar [853] which names "advocati sui Milonis, Babone, Fritilone, Etzone comitibus"[34].� A charter dated 7 Apr 855 recording a donation of property to St Gallen terminates with "sub Pabone comite"[35].�

7. BABO (-after 5 Mar 904).� Arnulf King of Germany confirmed an exchange of property "in Tunahgouue in comitatu Paponis in loci�Puopinga" between Tuto Bishop of Regensburg and one of his clerics by charter dated 14 May 895[36].� King Ludwig "das Kind" confirmed the privileges of Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 24 Jun 903 in which "comites�Pabo�" is listed among "fidelium nostrum"[37].� Ludwig "das Kind" King of Germany granted property "in Matahgouue comitatu Isangrimi�beneficium Cundboldi comitis" to Kloster St Emmeram on the intervention of "Pabonis et Meginuuardi comitum" and with the consent of "Cunboldo" and on the advice of "Iringo comite atque Engilberto", by charter dated 5 Mar 904[38].�

8. BABO (-6 Jan [975]).� Graf in der Paar.� Marchese di Carniola 973.� m --- [von Ebersberg], daughter of ADALBERO Graf [von Ebersberg] & his wife Liutgard ---.� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.�

9. BERENGAR (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Pernger�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[39].�

10. BERNHARD (-after 17 Mar 855).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks recorded a settlement between the bishops of Freising and Trient by charter dated 17 Mar 855 which names "Ernst comes�Pernhardum comitem"[40].�

11. BERTHOLD (-after 14 Jul 897).� Emperor Arnulf granted property "in pago Ougesgouue in comitatu Arbonis inter h�c tria loca�Forzheim, Zuzcilinga, Hugeshus�quos Perhtolt comes�tenebat" to "cuidam homini Diotker" on the intervention of "Sigihardo et Iringo�comitibus" by charter dated 14 Jul 897[41].�

12. BERTHOLD (-15 Jan 980).� According to Wegener[42], Berthold was the son of Arnulf Duke of Bavaria [Liutpoldinger] although he cites no primary source to support this.� From a chronological point of view it seems unlikely to be correct.� The children of Duke Arnulf must have been born between [910] and [930], which appears incompatible with Markgraf Berthold's only known marriage in [970].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[43], Berthold was the possible son of Graf Heinrich [alte Babenberger] and brother of Heinrich Archbishop of Trier, but the basis for this speculation is not known.� Graf im Radenzgau 960: "Otto�rex" donated property "in pago Ratinzgouue in comitatu Berchtoldi" held by "Diotmarus�soror ipsius�Gerbirg" to Kloster Dr�beck by charter dated 10 Sep 960[44].� Graf an der unteren Naab 961.� Graf im Nordgau 961: "Otto�rex" donated property "hereditatis nobilis vir Diotmar�in loco Priemperch�in pago Nortgouue in comitatu Bertoldi comitis" to Regensburg St Emmeram by charter dated 4 Feb 961[45].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "Emmele et Winteriche in pago Muselgowe in comitatu Bertholdi comitis" to Kloster St Maximin, Trier by charter dated 8 Jan 966[46].� Graf im Volkfeld 973.� Markgraf 976.� Graf des Ostlichen Franken 980.� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 980 of "Berahtolt com"[47].�

-�� MARKGRAFEN im NORDGAU.�

13. BONIFACE [I] (-before 5 Oct 823).� A Frank from Bavaria.� His Bavarian origin is confirmed by the charter dated 5 Oct 823 which confirms the election of his daughter "Richilda�abbatissa filia b. m. Bonifacio comiti natio Baivarorum" as abbess of the monastery of SS Benedetto e Scolastica at Lucca[48].� Count at Lucca 812/13.� He controlled most of the countships in the Arno valley.�

-�� MARCHESI of TUSCANY.�

14. CHADALHOH (-22 Jan or 31 Jul before 976).� It is assumed that he was related in some way to the Swabian Graf Chadalhoh (see below, Chapter 5.A).� Graf im Isengau 926/58.� "Otto�rex" granted property to "nostri servum Reginpreht" at the request of "ducis�Perehtoldi et Hiltibaldi comitis cuidam�comiti�Cadelahc" by charter dated 22 Sep 942[49].� "Otto�rex" transferred property "in villa Niuchinga in pago Hehsinga in comitatu Eberhardi comitis" to St Emmeram, Regensburg by charter dated 16 Jul 950 which also refers to property "in villa Helphendorph sitam in Friero marca in comitatu Biligrimi comitis et Sigehardi in Sneideseo et Kadalhoi Ysinachgouue"[50].� "Otto�rex" granted property "in loco Riut iuxta Enum fluvium in pago Sundargouue in comitatibus Ratolfi, Chadalhohi, Otacarii ac Sigihardi comitum" to St Emmeram, Regensburg by charter dated 9 Jun 959[51].� The necrology of Seeon records the death "XI Kal Jan" of "Kadalhoh abb h l"[52].� It is not known with certainty that this entry relates to Chadalhoh, possible father of Pfalzgraf Aribo.� However, in this necrology certain names, including the name in this entry, are written in capital letters many of which can be identified as Aribo himself and members of his immediate family.� It is possible that Aribo installed his father as abbot of Seeon at its foundation in 974.� No record of another Abbot Chadalhoh has been found.� The necrology of St Gall records the death "II Kal Aug" of "Chadeloi comitis"[53].� m ---.� The name of Chadalhoh's wife is not known.� Chadalhoh & his wife had [three] children:�

a) [ARIBO [I] (-13 Feb 1000, bur Seeon).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� It is assumed that it is no more than speculation, based on transmission of the name Chadalhoh to his son.� Pfalzgraf von Bayern.]�

-�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN.�

b) [EGILOLF (-3 Oct ----).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Monk.]�

c) EBERHARD (-4 Apr ----, bur Seeon).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Graf im Isengau.� The necrology of Seeon records the death "II Non Apr" of "Eberhardus com fr Aribonis�hic iacet" and his donation[54].]�

15. DEOTHERI (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Deotheri�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[55].�

16. DEOTRICH (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Deotrih�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[56].�

17. DIETMAR (-after 23 May 927).� "Rodperht comes, Reginker comes, Diotmar comes, Sigipold comes�" witnessed a charter dated 23 May 927 which records an exchange of property by Odalbert Archbishop of Salzburg[57].�

18. EGILOLF (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Egilof�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks granted property to "Pribina"[58].�

19. EGINO (-after 4 Feb 868).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "in pago Donahgeuue in villa�Platlinge quod in beneficium habuit Egino" to Kloster Metten by charter dated 4 Feb 868[59].�

20. EGINO (-killed 908).� The Chronicle of Reginar names "Egino comes" in 906[60].� "Hludowicus�rex" confirmed an exchange of properties between Kloster Fulda and Kloster Echternach after consulting "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Kebeharti, Liutpoldi, Burcharti, Eginonis, Liutfredi, Iringi et Cunpoldi" by charter dated 19 Mar 907[61].� "Hludowicus�rex" donated property "in pago Palanichoge in comitatu Egenonis in loco Ingilinstat" to Hatto Archbishop of Mainz after consulting "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Burchardi, Egenonis et Ysaac" by charter dated 8 Jun 908[62].� The Annales Alammanici record that "Burchardus dux Turingorum et Rudolfus episcopus Eginoque" were killed by the Hungarians in Saxony in 908[63].� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 908 of "Egino com"[64].�

21. ENGELBERT (-after 9 May 927).� "Albrih comes, Engilperht comes�Sigipold comes�" witnessed the charter dated 9/10 May 927 under which "Odalbertus Iuuanensis ecclesie archiepiscopus" exchanged property with "nobili viro Vueriant�cum uxore sua�Adalsuind"[65].�

22. ENGELDEO (-after 895).� King Carloman granted property "in pago Tonageuue in comitatu Engildeo" to the priest Iob by charter dated 3 Dec 878[66].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Nordgouue�in comitatu sui senioris in loci Phuncina" to "Engildeonis comitis�vassallo Gotahelmi" by charter dated 889[67].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Quinzingouue in comitatu Hunolfi" to Kloster St Emmeran by charter dated 21 Mar 890 which names "Engildeo comes, Odalrich comes, Meginhart comes, Chunipercht comes, Kerolt comes, Rumolt comes, Geio comes"[68].� Markgraf in Bavaria [890/95].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Engildieo marchensis Baioariorum" was deprived of his honours in 895, and in his place that "Liutboldus nepos regis" was appointed[69].� "Arnolfus�rex" returned land in "pago Nortgowe in comitatu Cheldionis", previously taken by "Hildigardis neptis nostra et Engeldichd comes�et Sigo vicarius eius", to "Megingozo vasallo�Erkenboldi episcopi" by charter dated 5 May 895[70].� The close connection with Hildegard, daughter of Ludwig III King of the East Franks, shown by this last charter, is curious.� In addition, the Annales Fuldensis record the confiscation of the properties of both Engildeo and Hildegard in the same paragraph, but give no explanation or reason for the punishment.� The connection is best explained by a close family relationship, but this has not been identified.� A love affair between the two appears less likely, although not impossible, in view of the considerable age difference: Graf Engildeo was presumably already adult in 878, the date of the first of the charters in which he is named, while the birth of Hildegard is estimated to [875/76] (see the document GERMANY KINGS).�

23. EREMBERT (-after 898).� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Erambertum comitem de Baioaria aliosque nonnullos" were deprived of their honours in 879 at Frankfurt and banished by "Arnulf" for having supported Karloman against his father Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks[71].� It is not known whether the title "comitem de Baioaria" means that Erembert had an overall governing position in Bavaria or whether the phrase should be interpreted more broadly to indicate that he was one of many counts in Bavaria, although indicating that he held a position of some importance relative to the others.� The Annales Fuldenses record "princeps cum ceteris primoribus gentis Baioariorum, nomine Erimpertus" in 898, specifying that he later rebelled against the king[72].�

Brother and sister, parents not known:�

24. ERNST [I] (-865).� "Hludowicum regem" donated Abersee to Kloster Mondsee by charter dated 829 by the intervention of "Ernosto et Adalperto"[73].� �Comis...Vuillihelmus� donated �Sconheringa, Cheminatum, et Purcheim� to Regensburg by charter dated 837, witnessed by �Ernost comis, Vuernheri, Timo...Rihho com...�[74].� "Hludowicum regem" granted property to "Pribina" by charter dated 12 Oct 847 subscribed by "�Ernust�", who signed immediately after the king's two sons and before all other nobles[75].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Ernustus, dux partium illarum [=Boemani] et inter amicos regis primus" was sent to suppress a rebellion against the Franks in Bohemia in 849[76].� Graf im Nordgau.� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks recorded a settlement between the bishops of Freising and Trient by charter dated 17 Mar 855 which names "Ernst comes�Pernhardum comitem"[77].� An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis�Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[78].� The Annales Fuldenses record that the property of "Ernustum" was confiscated at a council in Regensburg in 861, and "Utonem quoque et Berengarium fratres eius, Sigihardum atque Gerolt comites Waldonemque abbatem" were banished as accomplices[79].� The Annales Fuldenses record the death of "Ernustus comes" in 865[80].� The Annales Xantenses record the death in 866 of "Ernest socer�Karlomanni primogeniti Ludewici regis"[81].� m ---.� The name of Ernst's wife is not known.� Ernst [I] & his wife had two children:�

a) ERNST [II] (-[before 866]).� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Otgarius episcopus et Hruodoltus comes palatii et Ernustus filius Ernusti ducis" were sent to Bohemia and occupied "civitatem Wiztrachi ducis", expelling "Sclaiutago filio Wiztrachi" who fled to "Rastizen�frater eius" who had previously been banished to "apud Zistiborum Sorabum"[82].� As Ernst is not mentioned in the 866 text referring to the restoration of their honours to Berengar and Udo (see below), it is possible that Ernst junior had died before that date.� m ---.� The name of Ernst's wife is not known.� Ernst [II] & his wife had [one possible child]:�

i) [LUITPOLD ([850/60]-killed in battle near Pressburg 4 Jul 907).� Graf in Carinthia 895.� Markgraf 898.� Duke of Bavaria 901, Duke of Bohemia 903.� Graf im Nordgau 905.� Jackman, as part of his hypothesis concerning the co-identity of Liutswindis, mother of Emperor Arnulf, and the unnamed daughter of Ernest [I] married to King Karloman (see below), suggests that the father of dux Liutpold was Ernst [II][83].� The hypothesis provides an explanation for the transmission of the dukedom of the Bavarian/Bohemian march from Ernst [I] to Liutpold, both of whom are also recorded as Grafen im Nordgau.]�

-�� DUKES of BAVARIA.�

b) daughter (-after 8 Jul 879).� Her parentage and marriage are deduced from the Annales Bertiniani naming "socerum Karlomanni�Arnustum" when recording that Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks deprived him of his honours in 861 at the time of his son's rebellion[84].� Jackman suggests that Liutswindis, concubine of King Karloman and mother of Emperor Arnulf, is co-identified with this unnamed daughter of dux Ernst[85].� He bases this on the assumption that King Karloman's childless wife must have predeceased the king, after which he married Liutswindis by whom he had already had his son Arnulf.� However, this appears to ignore the curiously worded charter under which "Karlomannus�rex" confirmed immunities to San Salvatore in Brescia "pro nobis coniuge et prole misericordiam dei iugiter exhorare" by charter dated 8 Jul 879[86], the wording of which suggests that at that date he was married but still childless by that marriage.� There would have been sufficient time after mid-879, before Karloman's death the following year, for his first wife to have died and for him to have remarried.� However, if this was the case it is surprising that contemporary records do not mention the fact.� In any case, it would probably have depended on the extent of the paralysis which afflicted King Karloman from 879.� It is of course not impossible that "socerum" in the Annales Bertiniani was used to describe the informal relationship between King Karloman and his concubine's father, and that the Annales do not refer to the king's legitimate wife at all.� If this is correct, this daughter's name would have been Liutswindis.� m (before 861) KARLOMAN, son of LUDWIG II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks & his wife Emma [Welf] ([830]-Alt�tting, Bavaria 12 Mar or 29 Sep 880).� He succeeded his father in 876 as KARLOMAN King of the East Franks.�

25. daughter .� The relationship between the sons of Gebhard and Ernst is clarified by the Annales Bertiniani which record that "nepotes ipsius [Ernestus]" were expelled from the kingdom in 861[87].� If the suggestion by Jackman concerning Gebhard's affiliation (see below) is correct, he would have been the brother-in-law not brother of Ernst [I], married to the latter's sister.� m GEBHARD, son of [EUDES Comte d'Orl�ans & his wife Engeltrudis ---] (-after 879).� Jackman suggests that Gebhard (ancestor of the Konradiner) was the brother of Ermentrude, first wife Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, therefore the son of Eudes Comte d'Orl�ans and his wife Engeltrudis[88].� However, this appears chronologically doubtful if Gebhard is identified with "Gebehardus" who founded Kloster Kettenbach, as recorded in the charter of "Ludowicus�rex" dated 31 Mar [845] in which the king donated property "in pago Heinriche villam�Lierschiet" to Kloster Kettenbach "in pago Logonense iuxta fluvium Arda" by "vir�fidelisque noster Gebehardus" by charter dated 31 Mar 845[89].� Graf im Niederlohngau, east of Frankfurt-am-Main in the Aardbergen[90].� Nevertheless, an interesting possible corroboration for Gebhard's relationship with the Konradiner family is provided by the Annales Bertiniani which record that "Adalardo Yrmintrudis regin� avunculo" was "propinquo" of the brothers Udo (ancestor of the Franconian Konradiner family), Berengar and Waldo who were expelled from Germany in 865[91], and in a later passage that "Adalardo�et suis propinquis Hugonis et Berengario" fought the Vikings in 865[92].� "Adalardo" was Adalhard [I], maternal uncle of Gebhard assuming the relationship is as shown here, and the brothers Udo, Berengar and Waldo were of course Gebhard's sons.� Graf im Niederlahngau.� Monk at Gem�nden 879.� Gebhard & his wife had [five] children:�

a) [WERNER (-after 4 Jan 877).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "in loco Brunnaron, Seuira in marco ubi Radpoti et Rihharii comitatus confiniunt" to the priest Dominicus at the request of "Werinhario comiti, Baboni comitis" by charter dated 15 Sep 844[93].� "�Werinheri�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[94], although it is not known whether this was the same person as the one to whom the other references shown here relate.� The Annales Colonienses Brevissimi name "Werinarius comes Coloni�" in 849[95].� King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" granted property "in pago Lobodengouue in comitatu Werinherii in villa�Walestat" to Tuto by charter dated 7 Dec 858[96].� An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother King Ludwig II dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis�Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[97], the fact that "Warnarius" follows "Arnustus" in the list may provide a further indication that Werner was the son of Ernst.� The Annales Fuldenses record that the titles of "Werinharius comes ex primoribus Francorum" were confiscated by Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks in 864 following accusations[98].� The Annales Bertiniani record that in 866 "Hludowicus, Hludowici Germani� regis filius, consilio Warnarii" rebelled against his father[99].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Werinharium quoque, Utonem et Berengarium comites a patre suo depositos" were promised the restoration of their dignities in 866[100].� "Hludowicus�rex" made a donation of property in "villa�Winenheim" to Kloster Lorsch in the name of "comiti�Werinhario" by charter dated 4 Jan 877, naming "coniuge nostra Liutgarda"[101].]�

b) UDO (-879 or after).� The Annales Fuldenses record that the property of "Ernustum" was confiscated at a council in Regensburg in 861, and "Utonem quoque et Berengarium fratres eius, Sigihardum atque Gerolt comites Waldonemque abbatem" were banished as accomplices, specifying that "Uto et Berengarius cum Waldone fratre suo" went to France to "Karolum rege"[102].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Werinharium quoque, Utonem et Berengarium comites a patre suo depositos" were promised the restoration of their dignities in 866[103].�

-�� FRANCONIAN NOBILITY (KONRADINER).�

c) BERENGAR (-879 or after).� The Annales Fuldenses record that in 861 "Ernustum" was deprived of his honours and that "Utonem quoque et Berengarium fratrem eius et Sigihartum et Waldonemque abbatum" were expelled from the kingdom as accomplices[104].� The relationship with Ernst is clarified by the Annales Bertiniani which record that "nepotes ipsius [Ernestus]" were expelled from the kingdom in 861[105].� The Annales Fuldenses record that the property of "Ernustum" was confiscated at a council in Regensburg in 861, and "Utonem quoque et Berengarium fratres eius, Sigihardum atque Gerolt comites Waldonemque abbatem" were banished as accomplices, specifying that "Uto et Berengarius cum Waldone fratre suo" went to France to "Karolum rege"[106].� The Annales Bertiniani record that "Adalardo�et suis propinquis Hugonis et Berengario" fought the Vikings in 865[107].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Werinharium quoque, Utonem et Berengarium comites a patre suo depositos" were promised the restoration of their dignities in 866[108].� Graf des Hessengaues 876.� same person as�?� BERENGAR (-before 18 Sep 882).� There is no proof that this co-identity is correct.� However, the charter dated 18 Sep 882 under which "Hildebertus filius quondam Berengarii comitis" donated property to Verdun Saint-Vanne is subscribed by "Stephanus comes, Matfridus comes�"[109] both of whom appear to have been closely connected with the family of "Adalardo" who is described as "propinquis" of Berengar in the Annales Bertiniani (see above)[110].�

-�� COMTES d�IVOIS.�

d) WALDO (-30 Oct ----).� Monk 839.� The Annales Fuldenses record that the property of "Ernustum" was confiscated at a council in Regensburg in 861, and "Utonem quoque et Berengarium fratres eius, Sigihardum atque Gerolt comites Waldonemque abbatem" were banished as accomplices, specifying that "Uto et Berengarius cum Waldone fratre suo" went to France to "Karolum rege"[111].� Abbot of St Maximin at Trier 868/879.�

e) [BERTHOLF (-10 Feb or 2 Oct 883).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.�� Bertholf is referred to as "Bertold" in Europ�ische Stammtafeln with the date 879[112].� He was elected Archbishop of Trier in Sep 869.� The Gesta Treverorum records that "Bertolfus abbas Mediolacensis�consanguineus Adventii, tunc temporis Mettensis episcopi" as "episcopus Treberis" in 868[113].� Jackman links him with the archbishop of K�ln (referred to in Grote[114]) with the similar name[115].]�

26. ERNST [III] (-[9 Jun or 11 Nov] 914 or after, bur [Regensburg St Emmeran]).� King Carloman granted property to Kloster Kremsm�nster "iuxta fluvium�Spraza�[near land of] duobus comitibus Arathoto et Ernusto�" by charter dated 877[116].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in curtem Uuizunburc" to the church at Eichst�tt with the consent of "comitis Ernusti" by charter dated 8 Dec 889[117].� Graf im Sualafeld.� Emperor Arnulf informed the church of Eichst�tt of a judgment relating to property "in pago Suualafelda in comitatu Ernusti�in locis Appenberg, Prunnon, Hachilinga et Ursesheim" by charter dated 1 May 899[118].� King Ludwig IV "das Kind" confirmed the privileges of Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 24 Jun 903 in which "comites�Ernust�" is listed among "fidelium nostrum"[119].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeran records the death "V Id Jun" of "Ernest com" and "III Id Nov" of "Ernist com hic sepultus"[120].� Konrad I King of Germany granted property "in pago Ibfigeuue et in comitatu Ernusti comitis sitas�in loco Leimbah, Steinaha et Thiofbah" to the bishop of Freising on the intervention of "Erchangarii et Heinrici comitum" by charter dated 10 Nov 911[121].� King Konrad I granted property "in pago Ibfigeuue et in comitatu Ernusti comitis sitas�in locis Leimbah, Steinaha et Thiefbach" to the bishop of Freising at the request of "Erchangarii et Heinrici comitum" by charter dated 8 Aug 912[122].� Konrad I King of Germany confirmed an exchange of property "in pago Sualaueldeen in comitatu Ernusti comitis ad Altheim et Papenheim, Pinezwanga et Tetenheim, Vuimeresheim" between Kloster St Emmeram and "hominem�Etih�cum filio suo Helmperto" by charter dated 24 May 914[123].�

27. EZZO (-after 11 Mar [853]).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed a judgment relating to property of Kloster Kempten by charter dated 11 Mar [853] which names "advocati sui Milonis, Babone, Fritilone, Etzone comitibus"[124].�

28. GEIO (-21 Mar 890).� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Quinzingouue in comitatu Hunolfi" to Kloster St Emmeran by charter dated 21 Mar 890 which names "Engildeo comes, Odalrich comes, Meginhart comes, Chunipercht comes, Kerolt comes, Rumolt comes, Geio comes"[125].�

29. GEROLD (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Gerolt�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[126].�

30. GEROLD (-after [854/77]).� "Adalgarius abbas Corbeiensis" donated property "comiti Geroldo in pago Thuringia in villa Honesleve" to the monastery of Corbey, dated to [854/77][127].�

31. GERUNG (-12 Jun, 951 or after).� "Heinricus�rex" granted property to "ducis nostri Arnulfi vassallo Kerung" at the request of "comitis ac propinqui nostri Henrici" by charter dated 18 Oct 927[128].� "Otto�rex" gave property "in pago Ufgovve in comitatu Marchvvardi iuxta rivum Fuchtebah" to "comiti Marchvvardo [vassallo ducis Perchtoldi]" by charter dated 13 Jul 940 at the request of "ducis nostri Perchtoldi, simul et Kerungi ac Hiltiboldi comitum"[129].� "Otto�rex" granted property "in villa Wanaloha et Brechenheim�in pago Kunigessundera�in comitatu prefati Gerungi comitis" to "sui ipsius vassallo [Ludolfi nostri filii] Gerung" by charter dated 1 May 950[130].� As Liudolf was at that time Duke of Swabia, this document suggests that Gerung was a Swabian nobleman, although his connection with Bavaria appears confirmed by the other charters cited here.� The necrology of St Gall records the death "II Id Jun" of "Kerungi comitis"[131], although it is not to which Graf Gerung this refers.�

32. GUNDAKAR (-killed in battle 869).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Gundacari comitis" in 863 when recording events in Carinthia[132].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Gundacar vassallus Carlmanni" defected to "Rastizam" in 869 and was killed[133].�

33. GUNTBALD (-after 19 Mar 907).� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Guntbaldus quidam de satellibus Carlmanni" escaped in 866 when troops of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks entered Moravia[134].� The Annales Fuldenses record "Guntboldus" as a supporter of Karloman in 869[135].� It is not certain that this is the same Guntbald as named in the other references listed below, considering the thirty year time gap.� Emperor Arnulf granted property "in comitatu Gumpoldi in locis Rota et Iudaheimme et in Veldaromarcho ad Filisa et Iazzaha, Livzzinpach" by charter dated 2 Jul 899[136].� King Ludwig IV "das Kind" donated property to �tting chapel at the request of "Gundboldi et Meginvuardi comitum" by charter dated 7 Aug 901[137].� "Hludowicus�rex" granted property to the church of Freising by charter dated 30 Nov 903 in which among "fidelium nostrum" was listed "�Cundpoldi, Isangrimi atque Meginuuardi comitum"[138].� King Ludwig IV granted property "in Matahgouue comitatu Isangrimi�beneficium Cundboldi comitis" to Kloster St Emmeram on the intervention of "Pabonis et Meginuuardi comitum" and with the consent of "Cunboldo" and on the advice of "Iringo comite atque Engilberto", by charter dated 5 Mar 904[139].� "Hludowicus�rex" granted property "in valle�Liupinatal in comitatu eiusdem Otacherii" to "Otacharii�comitis nostri filio Arpo" after consulting "fidelium nostrorum Liutpoldi, Arponis, Iringi, Cumpoldi et Paponis comitum" by charter dated 10 Mar 904[140].� King Ludwig IV donated property to the church at Freising by charter dated 8 May 906 which names "comitum vero Ottonis, Puruchardi, Adalperti, Liutpoldi, Puruchardi, Sigiharti, Cundpoldi, Iringi"[141].� "Hludowicus�rex" confirmed an exchange of properties between Kloster Fulda and Kloster Echternach after consulting "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Kebeharti, Liutpoldi, Burcharti, Eginonis, Liutfredi, Iringi et Cunpoldi" by charter dated 19 Mar 907[142].�

34. GUNTBERT (-after 8 Feb 899).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed an exchange of property between abbot Wippo of Metten and his advocat Wippo including the abbey's land "in Rohr in pago Duonecgaue in comitatu Chuniberti in loco�Eitraha" by charter dated 2 Feb 858[143].� An agreement dated Feb 876 of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks names "Bosonis�ducis et sacri palatii archiministri atque imperiali missi, Richardi comitis, Walfridi comitis, Liutfridi comitis, Alberici comitis, Supponis comitis, Hardingi comitis, Bodradi comitis palatii, Cuniberti comitis, Bernardi comitis, Airboldi comitis" as present in Italy with the king[144].� "Hludowicus�rex" granted property "in pago Tunahgeuui in comitatu Cuniberti in pago de Staine�usque in Danubium" to Kloster Metten by charter dated 3 May 880[145].� Arnulf King of Germany granted property "in comitatu Chuniberti in pago Tunahgouue in villa Vuolfheresdorf" to "comes�Adalhart�homini suo Engilfrid" by charter dated 8 Feb 888[146].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Quinzingouue in comitatu Hunolfi" to Kloster St Emmeran by charter dated 21 Mar 890 which names "Engildeo comes, Odalrich comes, Meginhart comes, Chunipercht comes, Kerolt comes, Rumolt comes, Geio comes"[147].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in comitatum Chuniperti in pago Thuonalgouue in loco Simplicho" to Eopreht by charter dated 15 Apr 890[148].� Emperor Arnulf granted property "quod a ministerium Iringi comitis�pertinebat in comitatu Chuniberti in loco Heigolteshusa" to "vassallo Liutpoldi�comitis�Cholo" on the request of "Isangrimi�comitis et Engilberti" by charter dated 8 Feb 899[149].�

35. HARTWIG (-after 3 Apr 965).� "Otto�rex" transferred property "qua�comes�Hartuuic de manu Vuarmunti comitis�in loco Grabanastat�in pago Chiemichouve in comitatibus Otacharii, Sigihardi ac Vuillihalmi comitum" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 8 Jun 959[150].� "Otto�rex" granted property "inter duos montes Curozton et Cozine�in pago Crauuati et in ministerio Hartuigi comitis" to "clerico Diotpert" by charter dated 13 Feb 961[151].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "ad Vuirzsosah in partibus Karantanie in comitatu Hartuuigi comitis" to "episcopi Abrahe�suo vasallo Negomir" by charter dated 3 Apr 965[152].� same person as�?� HARTWIG [I] (-985).� Pfalzgraf von Bayern 977.�

-�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN.�

36. HILTBOLD (-after 13 Jul 940).� "Otto�rex" gave property "in pago Ufgovve in comitatu Marchvvardi iuxta rivum Fuchtebah" to "comiti Marchvvardo [vassallo ducis Perchtoldi]" by charter dated 13 Jul 940 at the request of "ducis nostri Perchtoldi, simul et Kerungi ac Hiltiboldi comitum"[153].� "Otto�rex" granted property to "nostri servum Reginpreht" at the request of "ducis�Perehtoldi et Hiltibaldi comitis cuidam�comiti�Cadelahc" by charter dated 22 Sep 942[154].�

37. HUNOLF (-after 21 Mar 890).� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Quinzingouue in comitatu Hunolfi" to Kloster St Emmeran by charter dated 21 Mar 890 which names "Engildeo comes, Odalrich comes, Meginhart comes, Chunipercht comes, Kerolt comes, Rumolt comes, Geio comes"[155].�

38. IEZI (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Iezi�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[156].�

39. IRING (-after 5 Mar 912).� Emperor Arnulf granted property "in pago Ougesgouue in comitatu Arbonis inter h�c tria loca�Forzheim, Zuzcilinga, Hugeshus�quos Perhtolt comes�tenebat" to "cuidam homini Diotker" on the intervention of "Sigihardo et Iringo�comitibus" by charter dated 14 Jul 897[157].� Emperor Arnulf granted property "in Charentariche in comitatu [Liutbaldi] consanguineus nostri curtem�Gurea" to "Zuentibolch" on the request of "Iringi et Isangrimi comitum" by charter dated 31 Aug 898[158].� Emperor Arnulf granted property "quod a ministerium Iringi comitis�pertinebat in comitatu Chuniberti in loco Heigolteshusa" to "vassallo Liutpoldi�comitis�Cholo" on the request of "Isangrimi�comitis et Engilberti" by charter dated 8 Feb 899[159].� King Ludwig IV "das Kind" granted property "in Matahgouue comitatu Isangrimi�beneficium Cundboldi comitis" to Kloster St Emmeram on the intervention of "Pabonis et Meginuuardi comitum" and with the consent of "Cunboldo" and on the advice of "Iringo comite atque Engilberto", by charter dated 5 Mar 904[160].� King Ludwig IV granted property "in loco Bucinburc in Suueihanhgouue" to Kloster Niederaltaich on the advice of "Liutboldum�Sigihartum atque Iringum comites" by charter dated 14 Feb 905[161].� King Ludwig IV donated property to the church at Freising by charter dated 8 May 906 which names "comitum vero Ottonis, Puruchardi, Adalperti, Liutpoldi, Puruchardi, Sigiharti, Cundpoldi, Iringi"[162].� "Chuonradus�rex" made donations by charter dated 5 Mar 912 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Sigihardi, Arnolfi, Erchangarii, Odalrici, Perchtoldi, Chuonradi, Herimanni, Luitfredi atque Iringi"[163].�

40. ISANGRIM (-after 5 Mar 904).� Emperor Arnulf granted property "in Charentariche in comitatu [Liutbaldi] consanguineus nostri curtem�Gurea" to "Zuentibolch" on the request of "Iringi et Isangrimi comitum" by charter dated 31 Aug 898[164].� Emperor Arnulf granted freedom to "servum Gumpolt" on the request of "Isamgrimi comitis ac dapifer nostri" by charter dated 11 Sep 898[165].� Emperor Arnulf granted property to the chapel of St Pancraz at Ranshofen on the request of "Isangrimo comite ministerialisque" by undated charter, placed in the compilation with charters dated 898[166].� Emperor Arnulf granted property "quod a ministerium Iringi comitis�pertinebat in comitatu Chuniberti in loco Heigolteshusa" to "vassallo Liutpoldi�comitis�Cholo" on the request of "Isangrimi�comitis et Engilberti" by charter dated 8 Feb 899[167].� "Hludowicus�rex" granted property to the church of Freising by charter dated 30 Nov 903 in which among "fidelium nostrum" was listed "�Cundpoldi, Isangrimi atque Meginuuardi comitum"[168].� King Ludwig IV "das Kind" granted property "in Matahgouue comitatu Isangrimi�beneficium Cundboldi comitis" to Kloster St Emmeram on the intervention of "Pabonis et Meginuuardi comitum" and with the consent of "Cunboldo" and on the advice of "Iringo comite atque Engilberto", by charter dated 5 Mar 904[169].�

41. LIUTOLD (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Liutolt�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" granted property to "Pribina"[170].�

42. LIUTPOLD (-after 834).� �Timo palacii comes, Luitpald comes...� witnessed the charter dated 11 Oct 831 which records �Presbyter...Sigifuns� donating property �in loco Puppininga� to Freising[171].� "Epus Tuto cum manu Hartperti advocate�[et] Isanhart" exchanged property "in pago Solanzgouue in comitatu Liutpoldi in loco�Mulihusa iuxta fluviolum�Solanza" by charter dated 834 subscribed by "Liutpold comes"[172].�

Three possible siblings, parents not known:� Jackman suggests that Liutswindis, mother of Emperor Arnulf, was the daughter of Ernst [I] Graf im Nordgau and dux[173].� He bases this on the assumption that King Karloman's childless wife must have predeceased the king, after which he married Liutswindis by whom he already had his son Arnulf.� However, this appears to ignore the curiously worded charter under which "Karlomannus�rex" confirmed immunities to San Salvatore in Brescia "pro nobis coniuge et prole misericordiam dei iugiter exhorare" dated 8 Jul 879[174], which suggests that King Karloman was at that date married but childless by this marriage.� It is of course possible that, after mid-879 and before Karloman's death the following year, his first wife died and the king remarried.� However, if this was the case, it is surprising that contemporary records do not mention the fact.� It would also seem to depend on the extent of the paralysis which afflicted the king from 879.� The only indication so far found of the origin of King Karloman's wife is the Annales Bertiniani which name "socerum Karlomanni�Arnustum" when recording that Ludwig II King of the East Franks deprived Graf Ernst [I] of his honours in 861 at the time of Karloman's rebellion[175].� It is of course possible that "socerum" was used to describe the informal relationship between King Karloman and his concubine's father, and that this reference is not to the king's legitimate wife at all but to Liutswindis.�

43. LIUTSWINDIS ([825/30][176]-before 9 Mar 891).� "Arnolfus�rex" gave property at "Ardienga�in ripa fluvioli�Semita" previously owned by "mater nostra bon� memori� Liutswind" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Mar 891[177].� The logic for the possible earlier marriage of Liutswindis prior to her relationship with King Karloman is explained below under her possible daughter.� [m ---.]� Mistress ([849/50]) of KARLOMAN, son of LUDWIG II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks & his wife Emma [Welf] ([830]-Alt�tting, Bavaria 12 Mar or 29 Sep 880).� [Liutswindis & her husband had one child:]�

a) [daughter ([840/50]-).� The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records the life of "Meingoldus de nobili prosapia Francorum et Anglorum" whose mother was "soror regis Arnulfi"[178].� However, the same source embellishes this by adding that "Hugo rex Anglorum" married "rex Arnulfus�unicam germanam" by whom he had "filium�Meingoldus, filiam�Adheliz�coniugem Oswaldus rex Nordanimbrorum"[179], which adds little to its credibility.� A marginal addition in the Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium records that "hic temporibus�VI Id Feb�comes Maingolidus" succeeded in "Hoya" {Huy, near Li�ge}, specifying that he was "ex sorore nepos Arnulphi imperatoris"[180].� The dating is expanded by an addition in square brackets ["hic temporibus [scilicet anno Domini 860, anno primo Ludovici secundi] VI Id Feb�"].� As explained more fully in the document which sets out the family of the Comtes de Huy (LOWER LOTHARINGIA NOBILITY), a connection through a sister of King Arnulf is chronologically possible, but only assuming that the "�860�" reference is dismissed.� This is the only reference so far identified to any sibling of King Arnulf.� If it is correct, it is assumed that she was a uterine half-sister, child of Arnulf's mother by a marriage before Arnulf was born.� However, the Vita Meingoldi is evidently unreliable as a source and, in any case, appears to confuse "Meingold Comte de Huy" with Megingoz [II] Graf im Wormsgau (see FRANCONIA).� m ---.�

-�� COMTES de HUY.]�

44. [--- .� The most likely explanation for Liutpold dux being described as consangineus of Emperor Arnulf is a relationship through the emperor's mother.� Although there is no direct indication that this is correct, the fact that the root "Liut-" is common to their families may indicate a close relationship.� Another onomastic factor is the common use of the name "Arnulf", unknown in the Carolingian dynasty and presumably therefore inherited from the family of King Arnulf's mother.� Jackman, as part of his hypothesis concerning the co-identity of Liutswindis, mother of Emperor Arnulf, and the unnamed daughter of Ernst [I] married to King Karloman (see above), suggests that the father of dux Liutpold was Graf Ernst [II], who may have died before 866[181].� This hypothesis would also provide an explanation for the transmission of the dukedom of the Bavarian/Bohemian march from Ernst [I] to Liutpold, both of whom are also recorded as Grafen im Nordgau.� An alternative possibility is that Liutpold's mother was one of the daughters of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks, about whom little is known.� m ---.]� [Two children:]

a) [LIUTPOLD ([850/60]-killed in battle near Pressburg 4 Jul 907).� "Arnolfus imperator augustus" gave property in "Charentariche in comitatu ipsius consanguinei nostri [Liutbaldi]�Gurca�et�in Gurcatala et in alia loco qui dicitur Zulszah" to "viro progenie bon� nobilitatis exorto Zuentibolch�Liutbaldi�propinqui ac illustris nostri marchionis vassallo" at the request of "Iringi et Isangrimi�comitum nostrorum" by charter dated 31 Aug 898[182].]�

-�� BAVARIA.�

b) [HEROLT (-after 895).� Herolt and his descendants shown below are shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[183], but the primary sources which confirm his parentage and their affiliation have not yet been identified.�� Herolt and his supposed descendants are not mentioned by Wegener[184].� Vogt of Niederaltaich.� m ---.� The name of Herolt�s wife is not known.� Herolt & his wife had one child:�

i) ALBERIC [Alprih/Alpricus].� Graf in Carinthia 925/31.� "Albrih comes, Engilperht comes�Sigipold comes�" witnessed the charter dated 9/10 May 927 under which "Odalbertus Iuuanensis ecclesie archiepiscopus" exchanged property with "nobili viro Vueriant�cum uxore sua�Adalsuind"[185].� m ---.� The name of Alberic�s wife is not known.� Alberic & his wife had [two] children:�

(a) [HEROLT (-after 967).� His supposed parentage is presumably based on onomastics only.� He was appointed archbishop of Salzburg in 939 by Otto I King of Germany, the first time that the German king had intervened in an episcopal appointment in Bavaria[186].� Herolt supported the revolt of Arnulf of Bavaria, was blinded on the orders of Heinrich Duke of Bavaria in 955[187], and was banished.]�

(b) [RIHNI .� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[188], Rihni was neptis of Markgraf Liutpold but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.� According to Wegener, she was the daughter of Graf Aribo [I] Markgraf in Pannonia (see the document CARINTHIA) but he cites no source in support[189].� 924/927.� m firstly OTAKAR Graf im Leobenthal, son of ---.� m secondly ODALBERT, son of [OTACHAR Graf im Karamantanien [Aribonen] & his wife ---] (-14 Nov 935).� Archbishop of Salzburg 923.�

45. [daughter .� This possible marriage is shown here as a possible explanation for Sieghard's son, Sieghard, being referred to consistently in primary sources as consanguineus of Emperor Arnulf I, on the basis that the most likely connection is through the family of the emperor's mother Liutswindis (see the document CARINTHIA for these sources).� m SIEGHARD Graf im Kraichgau, son of --- (-861 or after).]�

46. MACHELM (-after 824).� "Machelm" donated property to Regensburg St Emmeram, with the consent of "Tassilonis", by charter dated 10 Jul 777[190].� "Utili comes, Magilo comes, Saluhho Comes�" witnessed the charter dated 777 (778) under which "Tassilo�Dux Baioarorum" founded Kloster Kremsm�nster[191].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Machelmum de Baioaria" met the ambassadors of Omortag King of the Bulgarians in 824[192].�

47. MARKWARD [I] (-after [916]).� Graf im Viehbachgau [916]: "Chonradus�rex" granted property "in comitatu Marchwardi in pago Uiohbach in loco Goldaron" to "clerico Erchenfried" by an undated charter, place in the compilation with other charters dated 916 by the intervention of "Sigihardi comitis"[193].�

-�� MARKGRAFEN der K�RNTNER MARK.�

48. OTAKAR (-after 907).� Graf im Leobental .� "Hludowicus�rex" granted property "in valle�Liupinatal in comitatu eiusdem Otacherii" to "Otacharii�comitis nostri filio Arpo" after consulting "fidelium nostrorum Liutpoldi, Arponis, Iringi, Cumpoldi et Paponis comitum" by charter dated 10 Mar 904[194].� "Otacharius comes" was sent with Burkhard Bishop of Passau as royal ambassadors to a customs meeting in the Ostmark in 905[195].� Additions to Bavarian laws dated to [906] name "�Arboni marchioni�nuntios suos Theotmarum archiepiscopum, Purchardum Pataviensis ecclesie presulem et Otacharium comitem�"[196].�

-�� MARKGRAFEN der STEIERMARK.�

49. OTGAR (-after 857).� Bishop .� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Otgarius episcopus et Hruodoltus comes palatii et Ernustus filius Ernusti ducis" were sent to fight in Bohemia in 857[197].�

50. POPPO (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Puopo�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" granted property to "Pribina"[198].�

51. RACHWIN (-after 17 Oct 985).� "Otto�imperator augustus" gave property "orientali parte montis qui dicitur Doberich�usque ad proprietatem Marchuuardi comitis, quicquid visi sumus habere in comitatu Rachvuini comitis" to "nostri Vuillihelmi�comitis" by charter dated 24 Oct 980[199].� "Otto�rex" gave property "in villa Razuuai�in pago Zitdinesfeld ac comitatu Rachuini comitis" to "Rachuini comitis" by charter dated 17 Oct 985 on the intervention of "Heinrici Karigentinorum ducis"[200].�

52. RATOLF (-after 9 Jun 959).� "Otto�rex" granted property "in loco Riut iuxta Enum fluvium in pago Sundargouue in comitatibus Ratolfi, Chadalhohi, Otacarii ac Sigihardi comitum" to St Emmeram, Regensburg by charter dated 9 Jun 959[201].�

53. RATPOTO [I] (-after 7 Oct 984).� Graf im oberen Traungau.� "Otto�imperator augustus" donated property "de rivolo Erilipach usque ad acutum montem qui Diutisce vocatur Vuassinperch, prope Iscalam in illo loco ubi terminus forestis Ratpotoni comitis" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 1 Oct 977[202], confirmed by Emperor Otto III by charter dated 7 Oct 984[203].�

-�� GRAFEN von CHAM (RATPOTONEN).�

54. REGINBERT (-after 8 Jun 940).� "Otto�rex" granted property "in pago Salzpurchgowe in comitatu Reginberti" to Herolt Archbishop of Salzburg by charter dated 8 Jun 940[204].�

55. REGINHARD (-after 23 May 927).� "Rodperht comes, Reginker comes, Diotmar comes, Sigipold comes�" witnessed a charter dated 23 May 927 which records an exchange of property by Odalbert Archbishop of Salzburg[205].�

56. RICHWAR (-after 15 Sep 844).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "in loco Brunnaron, Seuira in marco ubi Radpoti et Rihharii comitatus confiniunt" to the priest Dominicus at the request of "Werinhario comiti, Baboni comitis" by charter dated 15 Sep 844[206].�

57. ROBERT [Ruodpert] (-after 30 Jun 929).� "Rodperht comes, Reginker comes, Diotmar comes, Sigipold comes�" witnessed a charter dated 23 May 927 which records an exchange of property by Odalbert Archbishop of Salzburg[207].� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed donations to Kloster Kempten including by "nobiles homines Cumpreht�in villa Buosenhona in pago Keltinstein in comitatu Ruodperti comitis�et Salacho�adquisitiones ab Albsinda nobili et advocato suo Agilone�in villa Husa in pago Ougiskeeue comitatu [Ruodperti comitis]" by charter dated 30 Jun 929 at the request of "comitum Arnolfi et Heberhardi"[208].�

58. ROMOALD [Rumolt] (-after 21 Mar 890).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "in comitatu Rumoldi in villa�Sundargauu�" to Kloster St Emmeran by charter dated 11 Feb 853[209].� A document issued by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated Nov 853 names "Teutboldus episcopus, Ionas episcopus, Isembardus, et Abbo abba, Daddo" as missi in "in comitatibus Milonis, et in comitatibus Isembardi, Augustuduno scilicet, Matisconense, Divionense, Cabillone, Hatuariis, et in Tornedriso, et in Belniso, et in Dusmiso comitatu Attel�, et in comitatu Romoldi"[210].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Quinzingouue in comitatu Hunolfi" to Kloster St Emmeran by charter dated 21 Mar 890 which names "Engildeo comes, Odalrich comes, Meginhart comes, Chunipercht comes, Kerolt comes, Rumolt comes, Geio comes"[211].� His name suggests a Lombard connection.�

59. RUOTBALD (-after 23 Feb 837).� King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" confirmed an exchange of property between Liupramm Archbishop of Salzburg and "Hruotbaldus comes", the latter donating property in "vilis�Tuotingen et Magilingen", by charter dated 23 Feb 837[212].�

60. SALUHO (-after 777).� "Utili comes, Magilo comes, Saluhho Comes�" witnessed the charter dated 777 (778) under which "Tassilo�Dux Baioarorum" founded Kloster Kremsm�nster[213].�

61. SARHILO (-after 27 Apr 973).� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Tuonehkeuue et in comitatu Sarhilonis comitis" to Kloster Niederm�nster by charter dated 27 Apr 973[214].�

62. SIEGBOLD (-after 23 May 927).� "Albrih comes, Engilperht comes�Sigipold comes�" witnessed the charter dated 9/10 May 927 under which "Odalbertus Iuuanensis ecclesie archiepiscopus" exchanged property with "nobili viro Vueriant�cum uxore sua�Adalsuind"[215].� "Rodperht comes, Reginker comes, Diotmar comes, Sigipold comes�" witnessed a charter dated 23 May 927 which records an exchange of property by Odalbert Archbishop of Salzburg[216].�

63. SIEGHARD (-861 or after).� A charter dated 5 Jan 848 records an exchange of property "in pago Chochinguue et in Mulehgouue" between Hatto Abbot of Fulda and "Sigehardus comes", subscribed by "Gerharti comitis, Sigifridi comitis"[217].� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property which "comes Sigihardus comes in villa Heitungesfelden in beneficium nobis habuit" to Kloster Fulda by charter dated 12 Feb [849?][218].� The geographical distance of Fulda from Kraichgau suggests that these two documents may not refer to the same person as the other diplomas cited below.� Graf im Kraichgau 858:� King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" granted property "in pago Lobodengouue in comitatu Werinherii in villa�Walestat" to Tuto in exchange for property "in comitatu Sighardi in pago�Creichgouue in villa Vhratesheim" by charter dated 7 Dec 858[219].� An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother King Ludwig II dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis�Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[220].�

-�� GRAFEN von EBERSBERG.�

64. TACHOLF (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Tacholf�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" granted property to "Pribina"[221].�

65. UDALRICH (-after 9 Apr 986).� "Otto�rex" gave property to "nostro comiti Odelrich" by charter dated 9 Apr 986 on the intervention of "fratris nostri Heinrici Bauuariorum ducis"[222].�

66. UDOLF (-819).� The Annales Sancti Emmerammi Ratisponensis record the death in 819 of "Odolfus"[223].�

67. UTILI (-after 777).� "Utili comes, Magilo comes, Saluhho Comes�" witnessed the charter dated 777 (778) under which "Tassilo�Dux Baioarorum" founded Kloster Kremsm�nster[224].�

68. WALO (-after 7 May 986).� "Otto�rex" made donations to Kloster Walsrode founded by "nostri Wale comitis�et coniunx sua Odelint" by charter dated 7 May 986 on the intervention of "fratris nostri Heinrici Bauuariorum ducis"[225].� m ODELINT, daughter of ---.� "Otto�rex" made donations to Kloster Walsrode founded by "nostri Wale comitis�et coniunx sua Odelint" by charter dated 7 May 986 on the intervention of "fratris nostri Heinrici Bauuariorum ducis"[226].�

69. WANINC (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Waninc�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[227].�

70. WARTMUND (-before 8 Jun 959).� "Otto�rex" transferred property "qua�comes�Hartuuic de manu Vuarmunti comitis�in loco Grabanastat�in pago Chiemichouve in comitatibus Otacharii, Sigihardi ac Vuillihalmi comitum" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 8 Jun 959[228].�

71. WEZILO (-884 or after).� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Werinhario" captured "septentrionali parte Histri fluminis" from "pueris Engilscalch, qui tres habuit" and mutilated "Vezziloni quoque comiti, qui illorum propinquus erat" by cutting off his right hand, tongue and genitals, dated to 884[229].�

72. WICBOLD (-after 7 Apr 923).� "Chuonradus�rex" confirmed privileges to the bishopric of W�rzburg by charter dated 5 Jul 918 at the request of "Wicboldi comitis"[230].� "Heinricus�rex" granted privileges to the bishopric of W�rzburg by charter dated 7 Apr 923, in consultation with "Wicboldi comitis"[231].�

73. WILHELM [I] (-after 18 Jan 853).� "Uuilihelmus�comes" donated property "in loco�Bersnicha" to Regensburg St Emmeram by charter dated 834 which names "coniux eius Engilrada"[232].� �Comis...Vuillihelmus� donated �Sconheringa, Cheminatum, et Purcheim� to Regensburg by charter dated 837, witnessed by �Ernost comis, Vuernheri, Timo...Rihho com...�[233].� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed donations to Kloster St Emmeran by "Uuilihelmus comes" of property "inter Agastam et Nardinam ubi ipsa in Danubium fluent�et�in Nortuualt" which "Engilrade coniugi su�" had granted during her life, by charter dated 18 Jan 853[234].� The tenor of the document suggests that Graf Wilhelm was near death at the time.

-�� MARKGRAFEN of the EAST MARCH (PANNONIA).�

74. WILHELM [I] (-after 927).� Wegener refers to a donation by Reginperht Vogt von Salzburg dated 927, witnessed by "Perhtolt dux, Ruodperht comes, Reginker comes, Sigipold comes, Willehelm comes�"[235].�

-�� WILHELME.�

75. WITAGO (-after 15 Sep 844).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks granted property "in Ademundi valle" to "Uuitagouua comite nostro" at the request of "comes noster Papo" by charter dated 15 Sep 844[236].�

76. WOLFREG (-after 12 Oct 847).� "�Wolfregi�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[237].�

B.�� 11th CENTURY

1. ADALBERT (-after [19 Oct 1027]).� Graf im Ratingau.� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the property rights of Kloster Michelsberg near Bamberg by charter dated 8 May 1017, which recapitulates donations including property "in Radonzgowe in comitatu Adalberti comitis, Ezzilinchiricha"[238].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed a property exchange agreement between Heinrich Bishop of W�rzburg and Eberhard Bishop of Bamberg by charter dated 26 Oct 1017, involving property "in pago Ratingowe in comitatu Adalberti comitis�"[239].� ["Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" renewed the privileges of Kloster Fulda by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1020, witnessed by "Godifridi ducis, Berinhardi ducis, Thiederici ducis, Welphonis comitis, Cunonis comitis, Kunrati comitis, Ottonis comitis, Adilbrahtis comitis, Bobonis comitis, Friderici comitis, Bezilini comitis, Ezonis comitis palatini"[240], although there is some doubt that "Adilbrahtis comitis" was the same Adalbert as is referred to in the preceding documents given the geographical distance of Fulda from Bavaria.]� "Comes Didericus et filius eius Gisilbertus" relinquished rights to Kloster Michelsberg near Bamberg by charter dated 19 Oct [1027], which names "isti sunt orientales Franci: Otto comes, Adelbertus comes, Gumbertus comes, Albwin comes, Ebo comes"[241].�

2. ALBUIN (-after [19 Oct 1027]).� Graf im Rangau.� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "Vraha in pago Rangovve et in comitatu Albuini comitis" to the church of Bamberg by charter dated 13 Nov 1021[242].� "Comes Didericus et filius eius Gisilbertus" relinquished rights to Kloster Michelsberg near Bamberg by charter dated 19 Oct [1027], which names "isti sunt orientales Franci: Otto comes, Adelbertus comes, Gumbertus comes, Albwin comes, Ebo comes"[243].�

3. ARNOLD (-after 1 Mar 1064).� Graf im Frischgau.� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed the donation of property "�in comitatu Arnoldi comitis et in pago Frichgoue" to Kloster Otmarsheim by "vidua Chunigund�a marito illius Rudolpho" by charter dated 1 Mar 1064[244].�

4. BABO [I] (-5 Mar [1001/02]).� Graf im Westlichen Donaugau 975-980.� Burggraf von Regensburg 983.� "Otto tercius�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property at Regensburg "in comitatu Pabonis comitis" to "fideli nostro Adalberoni comitis" by charter dated 11 Jun 1000[245].� The necrology of the Niederm�nster at Regensburg records the death "III Non Mar" of "Papo com"[246].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeran records the death "III Non Mar" of "Pabo com"[247].� The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "III Non Mar" of "Pabo com cum 30 filiis 7 filiabus"[248].�

-�� BURGGRAFEN von REGENSBURG.�

5. BURKHARD (-1041).� The Breve Chronicon Ex MS. Prumiensi records the death of �Ernust et Burchart comites� in 1041[249].�

Two brothers, parents not known:�

6. ENGELSCHALK (-after 2 May 1041).� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "in vallibus Ensetal et Baltal in comitatu Gotefredi comitis" to "Engelscalc�quale frater suus Rodolfus�beneficii habuit" by charter dated 2 May 1041[250].�

7. RUDOLF (-before 2 May 1041).� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "in vallibus Ensetal et Baltal in comitatu Gotefredi comitis" to "Engelscalc�quale frater suus Rodolfus�beneficii habuit" by charter dated 2 May 1041[251], which appears to indicate that Rudolf had predeceased the charter.�

8. ERNST (-1041).� The Breve Chronicon Ex MS. Prumiensi records the death of �Ernust et Burchart comites� in 1041[252].�

9. GEBHARD (-after 21 Jun 1014).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "que Gebehardus comes in beneficium habuit, in comitatu Piligrimi et in pago Matihgowe" to the bishopric of Bamberg by charter dated 21 Jun 1014[253].��

10. GERUNG (-after 26 Oct 1017).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the property of Kloster Michelsberg near Bamberg by charter dated 8 May 1017, including property "�in Bathinicgowe in comitatu Gerundi comitis, Pudenibrunnen�"[254].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed a property exchange agreement between Heinrich Bishop of W�rzburg and Eberhard Bishop of Bamberg by charter dated 26 Oct 1017, involving property "in pago Ratingowe in comitatu Adalberti comitis�in pago Badeingowe in comitatu Gumberti comitis et Trieffenvelt in pago Waltschin in comitatu Gerungi comitis"[255].�

11. GERUNG (-after 1078).� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "in pagis Cletgowe et Hegowe in comitatibus Gerungi et Lodawici comitis" to "comiti Eberhardo" by charter dated 1067[256].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "pr�dium Slanderes�in pago Fiusgowe in comitatum Gerungi" to the church of Brixen by charter dated 13 Jun 1077[257].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property of "Welfo dux dum erat dux�in pago Passir�in comitatu Gerungi et in comitatu Friderici" to the church of Brixen by charter dated 1078[258].�

12. GOTTSCHALK (-after 1028).� "Vir nobilis�Gotscalc cum uxore sua Halika" donated property "in loco Simaningen" to Regensburg St Emmeram "quatenus filiis suis duobus Adalberto et Rutperto�pr�benda daretur" by charter dated 1028 subscribed by "Ruotperht Ratisponensis Comes cum filiis suis duobus Heinrico et Babone"[259].� m HALIKA, daughter of ---.� Gottschalk & his wife had two children:�

a) ADALBERT .� "Vir nobilis�Gotscalc cum uxore sua Halika" donated property "in loco Simaningen" to Regensburg St Emmeram "quatenus filiis suis duobus Adalberto et Rutperto�pr�benda daretur" by charter dated 1028 subscribed by "Ruotperht Ratisponensis Comes cum filiis suis duobus Heinrico et Babone"[260].�

b) RUTPERT .� "Vir nobilis�Gotscalc cum uxore sua Halika" donated property "in loco Simaningen" to Regensburg St Emmeram "quatenus filiis suis duobus Adalberto et Rutperto�pr�benda daretur" by charter dated 1028 subscribed by "Ruotperht Ratisponensis Comes cum filiis suis duobus Heinrico et Babone"[261].�

13. GUNTBALD (-after 22 Aug 843).� �Fritilo palatinus comis, Cundpald comis, alius Cundpald comis, Ratolt comis, Herilant comis, Orendil comis...� witnessed the charter dated 10 Aug/22 Aug 843 which records an agreement between �Erchanbertus Frigisiensis ecclesi� episcopus...nepos suus Reginbertus� and �Paldricho�[262].�

14. GUNTBALD (-after 22 Aug 843).� �Fritilo palatinus comis, Cundpald comis, alius Cundpald comis, Ratolt comis, Herilant comis, Orendil comis...� witnessed the charter dated 10 Aug/22 Aug 843 which records an agreement between �Erchanbertus Frigisiensis ecclesi� episcopus...nepos suus Reginbertus� and �Paldricho�[263].�

15. GUNTBERT (-after [19 Oct 1027]).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the property rights of Kloster Michelsberg near Bamberg by charter dated 8 May 1017, which recapitulates donations including property "in Golligowi in comitatu Gumberti comitis, Wallibehuren et Rodeheim"[264].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed a property exchange agreement between Heinrich Bishop of W�rzburg and Eberhard Bishop of Bamberg by charter dated 26 Oct 1017, involving property "in pago Ratingowe in comitatu Adalberti comitis�in pago Badeingowe in comitatu Gumberti comitis et Trieffenvelt in pago Waltschin in comitatu Gerungi comitis"[265].� "Comes Didericus et filius eius Gisilbertus" relinquished rights to Kloster Michelsberg near Bamberg by charter dated 19 Oct [1027], which names "isti sunt orientales Franci: Otto comes, Adelbertus comes, Gumbertus comes, Albwin comes, Ebo comes"[266].�

16. HERILAND (-after 22 Aug 843).� �Fritilo palatinus comis, Cundpald comis, alius Cundpald comis, Ratolt comis, Herilant comis, Orendil comis...� witnessed the charter dated 10 Aug/22 Aug 843 which records an agreement between �Erchanbertus Frigisiensis ecclesi� episcopus...nepos suus Reginbertus� and �Paldricho�[267].�

17. HILTBOLD (-after 1 Nov 1007).� "Otto�rex" confirmed a donation of "villis Bosinga, Messinga, Ancencimbra, Harthusa, Vrsilinga in pago Para et in comitatu Hiltibaldi comitis" to Kloster St Gregor, Petershausen by "bone memorie domine Hadewige ducis" by charter dated 4 Nov 994[268].� "Henricus�rex" granted property "Sedorf in pago Para et in comitatu Hiltiboldi comitis" to the bishopric of Bamberg by charter dated 1 Nov 1007[269].�

18. MARKWARD (-after 30 Jan 1032).� "Chuonradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted privileges and property "in pago Retia Curiensi in comitatu Marguuardi" to Kloster Pf�vers by charter dated 30 Jan 1032[270].�

19. MEGINHARD (-after [1011]).� "Meginhardus de Giltchinga" resigned his claim to land at Trentas of "nobili homine Ernost�cum sua coniuge Adalheida", before "cesarem Heinricum" witnessed by "Adalpero de Chopach preses, Eperhardus de Eparesperc comes, iterum Eperhardus, Polo"[271].�

20. MEZELIN (-after 28 Jan 1074).� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "tale predium quale Mezelinus comes in Niehvsan�habuit in beneficium�in comitatu Dedi marchionis in pago Hessaga" to the church of Naumburg by charter dated 18 Oct 1068[272].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "in pago Duringen in comitatu Mazelini" to "miles Boto" by charter dated 27 Jan 1074[273].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "in pago Dvoringen in comitatu Mazelini" to Queen Berta by charter dated 28 Jan 1074[274].�

21. ORENDI (-after 22 Aug 843).� �Fritilo palatinus comis, Cundpald comis, alius Cundpald comis, Ratolt comis, Herilant comis, Orendil comis...� witnessed the charter dated 10 Aug/22 Aug 843 which records an agreement between �Erchanbertus Frigisiensis ecclesi� episcopus...nepos suus Reginbertus� and �Paldricho�[275].�

22. OTTO (-after Apr 1020).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" renewed the privileges of Kloster Fulda by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1020, witnessed by "Godifridi ducis, Berinhardi ducis, Thiederici ducis, Welphonis comitis, Cunonis comitis, Kunrati comitis, Ottonis comitis, Adilbrahtis comitis, Bobonis comitis, Friderici comitis, Bezilini comitis, Ezonis comitis palatini"[276], the order of witnesses presumably giving some indication of the relative importance of these named nobles at the court of Emperor Heinrich II at the time.� The same signatories, listed in the same order, appears in the agreement with Pope Benedict VIII signed in Apr 1020 by Emperor Heinrich II[277].� m ---.� The name of Otto's wife is not known.� Otto & his wife had one child:

a) HIZILA .� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "qu� Hicila filia comitis Ottonis in villa Slopence in pago Ratenzgowe et in comitatu Adalberti comitis habuit" to the cathedral of Bamberg by charter dated 8 Mar 1024[278].�

23. RATOLD (-after 22 Aug 843).� �Fritilo palatinus comis, Cundpald comis, alius Cundpald comis, Ratolt comis, Herilant comis, Orendil comis...� witnessed the charter dated 10 Aug/22 Aug 843 which records an agreement between �Erchanbertus Frigisiensis ecclesi� episcopus...nepos suus Reginbertus� and �Paldricho�[279].�

24. REGINHARD (-after 8 May 1017).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the property rights of Kloster Michelsberg near Bamberg by charter dated 8 May 1017, which recapitulates donations including property "in pago Cuningessundra in comitatu Reginhardi comitis, Scerstein"[280].� same person as...?� REGINHARD (-after 4 Feb 1064).� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "1062" of "Reginh com"[281].�

25. REGINHARD (-after 4 Feb 1064).� "Heinricus�rex" restored and confirmed property "Otmaringen in pago Cunzingowe in comitatu Brunonis comitis�post mortem Reginhardi comitis qui illud in beneficium habuit" to Kloster Oberm�nster at Regensburg by charter dated 4 Feb 1064[282].�

26. SIEGHARD (-before [1048]).� m BERTA, daughter of --- (-after [1048]).� "Nobilis matrona Berhta�cum manu filii sui Werinharii" donated property "ad Prisinga" to Regensburg St Emmeram "pro sue ac mariti illius Sigehardi anime remedio" by charter dated [1048][283].� Sieghard & his wife had one child:�

a) WERNER (-after [1048]).� "Nobilis matrona Berhta�cum manu filii sui Werinharii" donated property "ad Prisinga" to Regensburg St Emmeram "pro sue ac mariti illius Sigehardi anime remedio" by charter dated [1048][284].�

27. SIEGMAR (-1073 or after).� Vogt von Benediktbeuern[285].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "abbatiam Burun in pago Sundergoue in comitatu Sigemari comitis" to the church of Freising by charter dated 18 Aug 1065[286].�

These four brothers were presumably either related to the family von Weyarn in which the name "Sigiboto" is recorded three times[287], or to Graf Dodico whose brother was named Sigibodo (see below).�

28. SIGIBOTO (-1062).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm, ipso vero Otaccharo et Pilihilda vidua Sizonis comitis duobusque filiis eius Sigehardo et Friderico et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo, Sigebotone, Gerloho et Sigeboldo fratribusque suis Hoholdo et coniuge sua, Bennone, Marchuardo, Adalfrido fratreque suo Enzemanno" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[288].� "�Sigiboto comes�" was among the witnesses of the charter dated 20 Nov 1049 under which Emperor Heinrich III confirmed the rights of Kloster Fulda[289].� "�Sigiboto comes�" was among the witnesses of the charter dated 1 Dec 1059 under which Heinrich IV King of Germany granted land to Kloster Fulda[290].� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "1062" of "Sigebodo com"[291].�

29. GERLOCH (-after 9 Apr 1048).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm, ipso vero Otaccharo et Pilihilda vidua Sizonis comitis duobusque filiis eius Sigehardo et Friderico et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo, Sigebotone, Gerloho et Sigeboldo fratribusque suis Hoholdo et coniuge sua, Bennone, Marchuardo, Adalfrido fratreque suo Enzemanno" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[292].�

30. SIGIBOLDO (-after 9 Apr 1048).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm, ipso vero Otaccharo et Pilihilda vidua Sizonis comitis duobusque filiis eius Sigehardo et Friderico et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo, Sigebotone, Gerloho et Sigeboldo fratribusque suis Hoholdo et coniuge sua, Bennone, Marchuardo, Adalfrido fratreque suo Enzemanno" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[293].�

31. HOHOLD (-after 9 Apr 1048).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm, ipso vero Otaccharo et Pilihilda vidua Sizonis comitis duobusque filiis eius Sigehardo et Friderico et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo, Sigebotone, Gerloho et Sigeboldo fratribusque suis Hoholdo et coniuge sua, Bennone, Marchuardo, Adalfrido fratreque suo Enzemanno" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[294].� m (before 9 Apr 1048) ---.� The name of Hohold�s wife is not known.�

32. WATILO (-after 10 Apr 1004).� "Otto�rex" granted property "in regione Chreine [Carniola/Krain] et in marcha ducis Heinrici [Karentinorum] et in comitatu Waltilonis comitis" to Abraham Bishop of Freising by charter dated 1 Oct 989[295].� "Henricus�rex" donated property "Ueldes in pago Creina in comitatu Uuatilonis" to the church of Seben-Brixen by charter dated 10 Apr 1004[296].�

33. WERIHEN (-after 1001).� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted half of Salcano and G�rz to "Werihen comiti" by charter dated 1001 on the request of "Hottonis nostri ducis"[297].� This name may be a corruption of Werner.�

Chapter 2.�� FRANCONIAN NOBILITY

Franconia was one of the original four provinces of Germany but, in contrast to Bavaria, Saxony and Swabia, it had no obvious leader for much of its history.� During the early 10th century, the Konradiner established themselves as arguably the most powerful family in the province, with Eberhard brother of Konrad I King of Germany appointed dux and effectively becoming leader in Franconia.� After Eberhard's rebellion in 938, Emperor Otto I appointed no successor duke in Franconia.� By the early 11th century, power was concentrated in the family of the future Salian emperors, centred on their power-base in Worms.�

There are few proven descents from early Franconian nobles to the later nobility, although those that can be linked include the extensive Wettin and Salian dynasties.�

The Franconian pagus of Grabfeld is especially interesting as several different counts are recorded there at any one time.� There is no proof that these counts were all related, but their number indicates that Grabfeld was geographically co-extensive with several different comital centres.� The documentation records a close connection between these counts and the monastery of Fulda, as can be seen in the details below.� The earliest reference so far identified to Grabfeld is contained in the charter of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated 5 Feb 834, which records that Fulda was located in "pago Grapfelt" although the document does not name any of the counts[298].� Several different counts are also recorded in the pagus of Wormsgau.� These include the family of Megingoz, the Rotbertiner (descendants of Merovingian nobility, set out in the document FRANCONIA NOBILITY), and the family of Walacho.� Descendants of the last named are also recorded as counts in Speyergau.� The earliest recorded ancestor of the Salian dynasty is recorded as count in all three pagi Nahegau, Speyergau and Wormsgau.� More than a dozen other Franconian pagi are named in the primary sources, but the majority of these are single references.� It is therefore impossible to speculate on how government of these areas may have been transmitted between noble families.� The references include the pagi Moinigau (in 876), Chochingau (848), Hessegau (990), M�hlgau (948), Engirisgau (880), Iffigau (888), Lobdegau (888), Logenau (1017), Nahegau (1000), Radnisgau (1067), Rotgau (1007), Saalgau (876, 923), S�lichgau (1057), and Volkfeld (888, 923).� More work remains to identify the precise location of each of these pagi and trace their evolution into counties.�

A.�� 9th and 10th CENTURIES

1. ABRAM (-after 29 May 940).� "Otto�rex" granted property "Niuhinga in pago Sundergeuue in comitatu Abrammi comitis" to Kloster St Emmeran by charter dated 29 May 940[299].�

2. ADALBERT .� The Commemoratio Missis Data dated 825 [before Nov] names "�in Treveris Hetti archiepiscopus et Adalbertus comes�"[300].� Megingoz son of Adalbert is named in a papal letter dated 879[301], although it is not known whether this is the same person as Megingoz [I].� m ---.� The name of Adalbert's wife is not known.� Adalbert & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [MEGINGOZ [I] [Megingaud/Megingold] (-876 or after).� Megingoz son of Adalbert is named in a Papal letter dated 879[302], although it is not known whether this is the same person as Megingoz [I].� "�Megingoz�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig granted property to "Pribina"[303].� "Heriricus" donated property "Wimundasheim in pago Wurmacense" to Trier with the advice and consent of "fratris nostri�Hunfridi episcopi" by charter dated 21 Aug 868, subscribed by "Megingaudi comitis, Megengaudi vicedomni"[304].� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed donations to Kloster Pr�m by charter dated 12 Apr 870 which states that Pr�m was founded by "Megingaudus comes�" among others[305].�

-�� GRAFEN im WORMSGAU.�

Two possible brothers:�

3. ADALBERT (-after 14 Jun 904).� A charter dated 14 Jun 904 records an agreement between Hatto Archbishop of Mainz and the abbot of Riamnis "in manum�suique advocati Burkardi�comitis" relating to property "in locis Wilheim, Pisinga et Vosinga", signed by "Adelbertus comes, Arnolfus comes, Cunradus comes, Erinfridus comes, Liutfridus comes"[306].� [�Adelbreth com. et frater eius Eggibreht� donated property �villas iuxta fluvium Bollaha et Tubere in pagis Badnegowe et Rangewe� to Fulda monastery[307].]�

4. [EKBERT .� �Adelbreth com. et frater eius Eggibreht� donated property �villas iuxta fluvium Bollaha et Tubere in pagis Badnegowe et Rangewe� to Fulda monastery[308].]�

5. ADALBERT (-after 29 Oct 980).� "Otto�imperator augustus" made donations "in pago Mundericheshundera in comitatu Hartmanni in villis Thiethereschiricha et Pargdorf et in pago Nibilgouue in vico Suarcensee in comitatu Adelberti et in pago Ringouue in comitatu Adelberti" to Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 29 Oct 980[309].� same person as�?� ADALBERT .� A summary of donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt includes the donation by "Adilbertus comes" of property "ex bifango ad Rode", undated[310].�

6. ADALHARD (-after 1 Oct 877).� "Adalgardi comitis, Erinfridi comitis, Cristiani comitis" signed the charter dated 1 Oct 877 under which "Liutharius" donated property "in pago Lobodense in villare Husa�Sahssenheim�" to Lorsch[311].� �Adahart com.� donated property �tria loca Gremistorf, Hohstete, Ernesteswiniden� to Fulda monastery[312].�

7. ADALHARD (-after 12 Mar 927).� "Alfuuinus ac�coniux mea Ada" donated property "�in Kuningessundere [K�nigssondergau] in comitatu Euerhardi comitis in villa Birgidesstal�" to the Ursulastift in K�ln by charter dated 12 Mar 927, signed by "�Euerhardi comitis, Adalhardi comitis�"[313].�

Two brothers:�

8. ADALMUND .� �Adelmunt comes et frater eius Liutwin� donated property �in villa Birgilin� to Fulda monastery[314].�

9. LIUTWIN .� �Adelmunt comes et frater eius Liutwin� donated property �in villa Birgilin� to Fulda monastery[315].�

10. ADALRICH .� �Adalrih comes� donated property �in Rosbach, Curbechi, Elifungi, Hitteshusen�et in Hewede marcha� to Fulda monastery[316].�

11. ALLIO (-after 22 Jun 942).� "Otto�rex" granted property "in pago Hesse�in villa Rotmereshusen dicta in Osterbeun marca in comitatu Allionis" by charter dated 22 Jun 942[317].�

12. ARNULF (-after 14 Jun 904).� A charter dated 14 Jun 904 records an agreement between Hatto Archbishop of Mainz and the abbot of Riamnis "in manum�suique advocati Burkardi�comitis" relating to property "in locis Wilheim, Pisinga et Vosinga", signed by "Adelbertus comes, Arnolfus comes, Cunradus comes, Erinfridus comes, Liutfridus comes"[318].�

13. ARNULF (-after 22 Nov 949).� "Otto�rex" granted property confiscated from "Hatto Aladramque fratres�in villis Bechi et Auici situm in pago Ganipi in comitatu Arnulfi" to the church of St Florian, Koblenz at the request of "ducis nostri Cuonradi eius coniugis fili� nostr� Liutgart�" by charter dated 22 Nov 949[319].�

14. BERNHARD .� �Comes Bernhardus et Ratbirc� donated property �in Kunigeshoen�et Scheheflize� to Fulda monastery[320].� [m RATBURG, daughter of ---.� �Comes Bernhardus et Ratbirc� donated property �in Kunigeshoen�et Scheheflize� to Fulda monastery[321].� The source does not specify that Ratburg was Bernhard�s wife but this appears likely.]�

15. BERTHOLF (-after 29 Mar 970).� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property to Thietfrid Abbot of St Maximin, Trier at the request of "Pertolfi comitis" by charter dated 29 Mar 970[322].�

�

16. BURKHARD .� "Adelbero�Augustensis ecclesi�pr�sul" donated property to Lorsch "in pago Rinigouue in comitatum Gebehardi" by charter dated 20 May [896/99], signed by "Cunrado, Walahone, Gebehardo, Ruperto, Liutfrido, Burkardo, Dragebodo comitibus"[323].� A charter dated 14 Jun 904 records an agreement between Hatto Archbishop of Mainz and the abbot of Riamnis "in manum�suique advocati Burkardi�comitis" relating to property "in locis Wilheim, Pisinga et Vosinga", signed by "Adelbertus comes, Arnolfus comes, Cunradus comes, Erinfridus comes, Liutfridus comes"[324].�

17. DEDI (-after Jul 911).� "Hessi comes, Tete comes" subscribed the charter dated Jul 911 under which "Guntherius" exchanged property with the abbot of Fulda[325].�

18. DEDI (-14 Mar 957).� Posse indicates that Dedi was the son of Burkhard, son of Burkhard Duke of Thuringia & his wife [--- in der Wetterau][326].� "Otto�rex" granted property "in pago Hassagoi�Mersapurac in comitatu cuiusdam comitis�Teti" to "nostro fideli Hohstein�et uxori eius Chiniodrud" at the request of "Heinrici fratris nostri�Heckihardique comitis" by charter dated 26 Sep 949[327].� The Liber mortuorum fratrum of Fulda records the death in 957 of �Dedi comes�[328].� Posse indicates that Dedi died 14 Mar 957 (no source cited)[329].� [m ---, daughter of FRIEDRICH & his wife ---.� Posse indicates her parentage and marriage, and names �die 982 in Calabrien gefallenen Grafen Burchard und Dedo� and Dietrich Graf [im Hassegau] as the couple�s sons[330].]�

19. DENDI (-after 19 Apr 940).� "Otto�rex" ordered that the men of "pago Auga in comitatu Rethardi et in pago Netga in comitatu Dendi et Hamponis et in pago Huctigo in comitatu Herimanni" not to interfere with rights of Kloster Corvey, by charter dated 19 Apr 940[331].�

20. DIETRICH [Theodericus] (-before 976).� Posse indicates that Dietrich Graf [im Hassegau] was the son of Dedi[332].� [Graf im Hassegau].� The Annalista Saxo names "Theodericus egregie libertatis vir" and his two sons[333].� "Otto�imperator augustus" donated property "in pagis Derlingon et Nortduringen in comitatu ipsius Mamaconi" to "nostro fideli Mamaconi" at the request of "Theoderici comitis" by charter dated 23 Apr 966[334].�

-�� GRAFEN von MERSEBURG, WETTIN und BREHNA.�

21. DRAGEBODO .� "Adelbero�Augustensis ecclesi�pr�sul" donated property to Lorsch "in pago Rinigouue in comitatum Gebehardi" by charter dated 20 May [896/99], signed by "Cunrado, Walahone, Gebehardo, Ruperto, Liutfrido, Burkardo, Dragebodo comitibus"[335].�

22. DRUWIN [I] (-Sep 959).� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "959 Sep" of "Druduwin com"[336].�

23. DRUWIN [II] (-after 29 Dec 991).� "Otto�rex" donated property "Biburc et Moskebach�in pago Cunigissunderon in comitatu Druwini comitis" to Kloster Selz by charter dated 29 Dec 991[337].�

24. EDIRAM .� �Ediram com. de Worm.� donated property �in�Longastesheim, Huffileibesheim, Geboltesheim et Grawolfesheim� to Fulda monastery[338].�

25. EMUND (-after 844).� The Commemoratio Missis Data dated 825 [before Nov] names "�in Colonia Hadaboldus archiepiscopus et Eemundus comes�"[339].� "Eemundi comitis" subscribed a charter dated 844 donating property to the monastery of St Martin[340].�

26. EGINO (-after 7 Feb 823).� "Egino comitis" subscribed the charter dated 7 Feb 823 under which "Iring" donated property "in villa Uuintgrahon et in pago Salageuue" to Fulda[341].� [�Egino comes� donated property �in Lengesfurt� to Fulda monastery[342].]�

27. EKKEHARD (-after 30 Aug 867).� "Eggihart comes" subscribed the charter dated 30 Aug 867 under which "Cunihilt" donated property "in provincia Grapfeld�in villa Hohireid quicquid mater mea Uualfrata�mihi tradidit" to Fulda[343].� same person as�?� EKKEHARD (-after [890/99]).� "Eggihart" (signed "Eggiharti comitis") donated property "in villis�Cellinga et Rosthorf, Duesta, Ruomfeld�in pago Grapfeld" to Fulda by undated charter, placed in the compilation with charters dated to the reign of King Arnulf[344].� This charter must be dated to approximately 30 years after the 867 charter, which suggests that it may refer to a different Graf Ekkehard, although the common references to Grabfeld suggest a close connection if they do not refer to the same person.� �Eggihart comes� donated property �in Cellingen, Rostorf in Westerenfelden� to Fulda monastery[345].�

28. ELLI (-after 12 Apr 965).� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "Rorbach�in pago Hassonum in comitatu Elli comitis" to Magdeburg St Moritz by charter dated 12 Apr 965[346].� m ---.� The name of Elli�s wife is not known.� Elli & his wife had one child:�

a) HILDEGARD (-11 Jun ----).� The Annales Stadenses name "Hildigardam" as wife of "Heinricus calvus" and mother of "Bonus Heinricus"[347].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� m ([946]) as his second wife, HEINRICH von Stade Graf im Heilangau, son of LOTHAR II Graf von Stade & his wife Swanehild --- (-11 May 976, bur Kloster Heeringen).

29. ERMENFRIED (-after 21 Apr 956).� "Otto�rex" confirmed previous grants to Kloster Gandersheim including property "in pago Suththuringa in comitatu Uuillihelmi�[et] in pago Nordthuringa�in comitatu Theoderici in loco�Uuanzleua�[et] in Hliuthirithi in comitatu Irmenfridi" by charter dated 21 Apr 956[348].�

30. ETHIL (-after 26 Oct [861]).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed the donation by "homo nobilis�Ethil" to Kloster Fulda of property "villam�sue Ovilah" by charter dated 26 Oct [861][349].�

31. FOLCBERT .� The abbey of Schwarzach, owned by Folcbert's daughter Blutenda as shown by the charters dated 840 and 844 referred to below, was in Franconia.� However, it is not certain that this was her father's province of origin.� m ---.� The name of Folcbert's wife is not known.� Folcbert & his wife had one child:

a) BLUTENDA (-before 14 Dec 840).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed a donation to W�rzburg by "Theodrada amita nostra, filia�avi nostri" of Schwarzach monastery in "pago Folkuelt" previously owned by "Blutend� fili� Folkberti quondam comitis" by charter dated 14 Dec 840[350].� "Ludowicus�rex" names "Theodrada amita nostra filia�avi nostri" in a charter dated 9 Jan 844 which confirms her life interest in the abbey of Schwarzach-am-Main, donated to the church of W�rzburg, previously belonging to "Blutend� fili� Folkberti quondam comitis"[351].�

32. FOLCNAND (-after 18 May 876).� Graf im Moinigau.� A charter dated 18 May 876 which records the settlement of a dispute between the archbishop and Sigihard Abbot of Fulda refers to the right to "tenths" in property being confirmed "in Moinihgouue a Folcnando"[352].�

33. FRIDURAT (-after 18 May 876).� "�Fridurat comes�" is named with Liutbert Archbishop of Mainz in a charter dated 18 May 876 which records the settlement of a dispute between the archbishop and Sigihard Abbot of Fulda[353].�

34. GEBHARD .� Graf im Rheingau.� "Adelbero�Augustensis ecclesi�pr�sul" donated property to Lorsch "in pago Rinigouue in comitatum Gebehardi" by charter dated 20 May [896/99], signed by "Cunrado, Walahone, Gebehardo, Ruperto, Liutfrido, Burkardo, Dragebodo comitibus"[354].�

35. GERHARD (-after 5 Jan 848).� Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Grimaldum�abbatem�Gebaardum�ducem" as missi of King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" to his father Emperor Louis [in 834][355], the following passage suggesting that "Gebhard" may have been an error for "Gerhard".� Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Badaradum episcopum Saxonicum et Gerhardum�ducem et Berengarium sapientem, propinquum suum" as missi of Emperor Louis[356].� The passage is undated but is included among text which records events in the first half of the 830s.� A charter dated 5 Jan 848 records an exchange of property "in pago Chochinguue et in Mulehgouue" between Hatto Abbot of Fulda and "Sigehardus comes", subscribed by "Gerharti comitis, Sigifridi comitis"[357].�

36. GERHARD (-after 18 May 876).� Graf im Hassis.� A charter dated 18 May 876 which records the settlement of a dispute between the archbishop and Sigihard Abbot of Fulda refers to the right to "tenths" in property being confirmed "in Hassis a Gerrardo"[358].� [�Gerhart comes� donated property �in pago Westeriche in loco�Hafalon� to Fulda monastery[359].]�

37. GERHILD .� �Gerhilt comes� donated property �in�Carabach, Herewarteshusen, Tharalingen, Linaha, Luzenheim, Einheresheim� to Fulda monastery[360].�

38. GERUNG (-after 7 Oct 972).� "Otto�rex" granted property "in orientali Francia in pago Tubergouue in comitatu Gerungi, Sunderenhof, Baldoluesheim" to "domna Iudit�" [duchess of Bavaria] by charter dated 11 Feb 961[361].� "Otto�imperator augustus" donated property "in pago Nahgeuue in comitatu Emichonis comitis in loco�Gogunhein�[et] in pago Spirihgeuui in comitatu Gerungi comitis" to Magdeburg St Moritz by charter dated 27 Aug 966[362].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "Steinvulare in Spirigovue in comitatu Gerungi comitis" to "coniuge nostre Adelheide imperatrici" by charter dated 16 Nov 968[363].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "presium,,,Bulceshuson�quondam Eberhardi comitis dum vixit�in comitatu Gerungi comitis" to Gerberga Abbess of Gandersheim by charter dated 7 Oct 972[364].�

39. GOSBERT (-after 25 Feb 902).� Hatto Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations by "Reginbodonem" of property "in pago Glemisgouue in villa vel marcha Hirslanda et in Dicingaom et in Geringon�in comitatu Gozberti comitis" and "in pago Encichgouue in villa vel marcha Audinesheim et in Rutgesingon�in comitatu Walahi comitis" and "in pago Lobodenense in comitatu Liutfridi comitis�Virnunheim" to Lorsch by charter dated 25 Feb 902[365].�

40. GUNTRAM (-after 30 Aug 834).� Graf im Rheingau.� �Guntram com. de Rinecgowe� donated property �in Ouwa�, "in villa..Orfa et Houen in pago Reni in terminis Gotaho", and "in Wormezfelden in villa Arpleiben�et in Lonesheimere marca�et in Mogontia curiam" to Fulda monastery[366].� "Gunthramnus comes" donated property "in villula�Houa�in pago Rinense sita in terminis Gotalohono" by charter dated 30 Aug 834[367].�

41. HAMPO (-after 19 Apr 940).� "Otto�rex" ordered that the men of "pago Auga in comitatu Rethardi et in pago Netga in comitatu Dendi et Hamponis et in pago Huctigo in comitatu Herimanni" not to interfere with rights of Kloster Corvey, by charter dated 19 Apr 940[368].

42. HARDRAD (-after 785).� The Annales Laurissenses record that in 785 "Hardradi" organised a rebellion by "orientalium Francorum" which was suppressed[369].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Hartrati" led the rebellion by "orientalium Francorum" in 785, which was suppressed[370].� m ---.� The name of Hardrad's wife is not known.� Hardrad & his wife had one child:

a) daughter .� Einhard's Annales name "Eggideo inter amicos regis primus, et Reginhardus camerarius eius et Reginharius Meginharii comitis filius, cuius maternus avus Hardradus olim in Germania�contra Karlum imperatorem coniuravit" as conspirators in 817[371].� Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Reginharium, qui erat filius fili� Hardrad�, qui erat dux Austri� infidelissimus"[372]. �m MEGINHERE --- .�

Two possible brothers:�

43. HATTO (-after 29 May 937).� "Chuonradus�rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Murbach by charter dated 12 Mar 913 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum�Erchangarii, Chuonradi, Hugonis, Ottonis, Heinrici, Bopponis, Udalrici, Eberhardi"[373].� "Heinricus�rex" donated property "in pago Cunigissundra" to Kloster St Alban at Mainz by charter dated 29 Dec 927, in consultation with "Hattoni�comitis nostri" who oversaw the property in question[374].� "Otto�rex" granted property "in pago Nahgowe in comitatu Eburhardi comitis in villa�Winteresheim" to Kloster St Alban near Mainz at the request of "Hattoni�comitis" by charter dated 29 May 937[375].� "Otto�rex" granted property confiscated from "Hatto Aladramque fratres�in villis Bechi et Auici situm in pago Ganipi in comitatu Arnulfi" to the church of St Florin, Koblenz at the request of "ducis nostri Cuonradi eius coniugis fili� nostr� Liutgart�" by charter dated 22 Nov 949[376].� It is not certain that this 949 charter refers to the same Hatto.� However, if that is the case, it indicates that he fell into disgrace for reasons which have not yet been identified.�

44. [ALERAM .� "Otto�rex" granted property confiscated from "Hatto Aladramque fratres�in villis Bechi et Auici situm in pago Ganipi in comitatu Arnulfi" to the church of St Florin, Koblenz at the request of "ducis nostri Cuonradi eius coniugis fili� nostr� Liutgart�" by charter dated 22 Nov 949[377].� As noted above, it is not certain that this 949 refers to the same Hatto as the other documents.� However, if this is the case, it shows that he had a brother named Aleram.]�

45. HEIMRICH (-before 9 Feb 888).� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "�in comitatu filiorum Heimrici comitis in loco Toftaha" to Wigand vassal of "neptis nostr� Hiltigard�" by charter dated 9 Feb 888[378].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "ad Chrutheim in pagis Folcfeld et in Iffigeuue in comitatibus filiorum Heimrici et Eginonis" to "ministerialis�Epo" by charter dated 13 Mar 888[379].� m ---.� The name of Heimrich wife is not known.� Heimrich & his wife had --- children:

a) sons .� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "�in comitatu filiorum Heimrici comitis in loco Toftaha" to Wigand vassal of "neptis nostr� Hiltigard�" by charter dated 9 Feb 888[380].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "ad Chrutheim in pagis Folcfeld et in Iffigeuue in comitatibus filiorum Heimrici et Eginonis" to "ministerialis�Epo" by charter dated 13 Mar 888[381].�

The following individuals named Hesso do not necessarily represent an agnatic line of descent.� In any case, there appear to be missing generations between each person.� Hesso [I] originated in Saxony, as shown by the references below, but also had a strong connection with the monastery of Fulda in Franconia.� The Fulda connection persists in reference to all the other counts named Hesso.� Hesso [II] had a connection with Christian [I] Graf im Grabfeld in Franconia, as shown by the charters dated 837 and 849 which name both together, although neither of these documents specifies that Hesso [II] was also a count in Grabfeld.� Hesso [III] is the first who is linked to S�lichgau.�

46. HESSO [I] (-Fulda 804).� "Austreleudi Saxones�cum Hassione" fought Charles I King of the Franks in 775[382].� "Hessi unus e primoribus Saxonum" fought Charles I King of the Franks at "Ovacrum fluvium" in 775[383].� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� refers to "nobile Hessi" dying "Fuldense c�nobium�sub monachico habitu"[384].� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death in 804 of "Hessi"[385].� Hesso [I] may have some connection with Hesso [III], shown above among the Franconian nobility, who was one of the counts in the Grabfeldgau in the mid-9th century.� m ---.� The name of Hesso's wife is not known.� Hesso [I] & his wife had three children:

a) son .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� refers to the only son of "nobile Hessi" who "in flore defuncto"[386].�

b) GISELA (-[814/40], bur Winadohusen).� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� records the marriage of "[nobile Hessi]�unam de filiabus eius Gislam�maior natu" and "comes�Unwan"[387].� She founded the monastery of Winadohusun at Thale, in eastern Saxony.� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� records that Gisela died "temporibus�Ludowici imperatoris" and was buried at Winadohusen[388].� m UNWAN ---.�

c) daughters .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� records the marriage of "[nobile Hessi]�unam de filiabus eius Gislam�maior natu" and "comes�Unwan"[389], indicating that Hesso [I] had other daughters.�

47. HESSO [II] (-[Jun 860/23 Feb 866]).� "Hessi comitis" subscribed the charter dated 837 under which "Benedicta" donated property to Fulda[390].� "Hesses comitis, Burgharti comitis" subscribed the charter dated 27 Jun 837 under which "Cristan [comes]" donated property "in provincia Grapfeldorum�in villa Iuchisa" to Fulda by charter dated 27 Jun 837, signed by "Christani comitis"[391].� "Ludowicus�rex" confirmed an exchange of property "in villis Bleihueld et Gruonbah" between "Hessi comes" and Hatto Abbot of Fulda by charter dated 28 Oct 844[392].� "Ludowicus�rex" confirmed rights of "Lutolfo, Cristano et Hessoni comitibus" relating to Kloster Fulda by an undated charter, with charters dated 849 in the compilation[393].� �Hessi comes� donated property �in loco Zuncilesbah iuxta fluvium Synnam" granted by "Ludowicus rex�, and "in Otkaresdorf in pago Salgewe", to Fulda monastery[394].� An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis�Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[395].� "Nordman" donated property "in provincia Crapfeldoue" to Fulda by charter dated 23 Feb 866 which names "quondam dominus meus Hessi comes" and is subscribed by "Burgharti comitis"[396].�

48. HESSO [III] (-25 Sep 923).� Graf im Volkfeld.� King Ludwig IV "das Kind" granted property "in pago Folchfeld in comitatu Hessonis" to "presbitero Gozbold" by charter dated 16 Jun 911[397].� "Hessi comes, Tete comes" subscribed the charter dated Jul 911 under which "Guntherius" exchanged property with the abbot of Fulda[398].� Konrad I King of Germany granted property "in pago Folchfeld�in comitatu�comitis�Hessi�in loci Frihuriod" to Kloster St Gundpert at Ansbach by charter dated 10 Nov 911[399].� Konrad I King of Germany granted property "in comitatu Hessonis in pago Folckfeldt in Geroldesheimero marcu locum�Svlzifelt" to "Albwino vassallo episcopi Thiodonis" by charter dated 6 Nov 915[400].� "Hessi comes" donated property "in loco Ziuncilesbah in pago Salageuue in comitatu ipsius" to Fulda by undated charter, placed in the compilation with charters dated to the reign of King Konrad I[401].� "Hesses comitis" donated property "Otekaresdorf in pago Salageuue in comitatu ipsius" to Fulda confirmed by "Ruodolfus filius pr�fati Hesses" by charter dated Oct 923[402], presumably a deathbed donation confirmed by his son after his death.� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "923 VII Kal Oct" of "Hessi com"[403].� m ---.� The name of Hesso's wife is not known.� Hesso [III] & his wife had one child:

a) RUDOLF .� "Hesses comitis" donated property "Otekaresdorf in pago Salageuue in comitatu ipsius" to Fulda confirmed by "Ruodolfus filius pr�fati Hesses" by charter dated Oct 923[404], presumably a deathbed donation confirmed by his son after his death.�

49. HUCBALD (-before 1 Mar 893).� Of Frankish origin from the Rhine area, he settled in Tuscany.� Palatine of Emperor Louis II[405].� "Karolus�imperator augustus" ordered "Hubaldo comes" to protect Wintiola and Casalias, donated to the canons of the church of St Antonin & Victor at Piacenza, by an undated charter, inserted in the compilation among charters dated 881[406].�

-�� DUKES of SPOLETO.�

50. HUNDHAR (-after 12 Dec 956).� "Otto�rex" donated property "in occidentali Rochastet in pago Engila in comitatu Hundharii comitis" to Magdeburg church by charter dated 12 Dec 956[407].�

51. KUNIBERT (-after 10 Mar 779).� �Kunibreht comes� donated property �in Hohtorf, Gruninga, Chirecheim, Fehinge, Stangebah, Wlfinge et in Boteburon, Adaloltesheim, Wahalinge, Bunningen, Lutra et in Hessingesheim et Saulenheim in pago Wormazfeldo� and "in Wertheim, Biscoffesheim, Kuffese et in Rowilenheim, Heringesheim et in Kamerdinge" to Fulda monastery[408].� "Cuniberctus" donated property "in pago Uuormasfeld�" by charter dated 10 Mar 779, signed by "Cunibercti comitis�"[409].�

52. LEIDERAT .� �Leiderat comes� donated property �in Dinenheim�, "sco Bon. per manum Lulli episcopi in pago Wormacie�et in Trutmaresheim", and property "infra muros Moguntie civitatis" to Fulda monastery[410].�

53. LIUTFRID (-after 14 Jun 904).� "Adelbero�Augustensis ecclesi�pr�sul" donated property to Lorsch "in pago Rinigouue in comitatum Gebehardi" by charter dated 20 May [896/99], signed by "Cunrado, Walahone, Gebehardo, Ruperto, Liutfrido, Burkardo, Dragebodo comitibus"[411].� Hatto Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations by "Reginbodonem" of property "in pago Glemisgouue in villa vel marcha Hirslanda et in Dicingaom et in Geringon�in comitatu Gozberti comitis" and "in pago Encichgouue in villa vel marcha Audinesheim et in Rutgesingon�in comitatu Walahi comitis" and "in pago Lobodenense in comitatu Liutfridi comitis�Virnunheim" to Lorsch by charter dated 25 Feb 902, signed by "Liutfridi comitis"[412].� A charter dated 14 Jun 904 records an agreement between Hatto Archbishop of Mainz and the abbot of Riamnis "in manum�suique advocati Burkardi�comitis" relating to property "in locis Wilheim, Pisinga et Vosinga", signed by "Adelbertus comes, Arnolfus comes, Cunradus comes, Erinfridus comes, Liutfridus comes"[413].�

54. LIUTHER (-after 3 Jul 888).� "�Liutheri comes�" is named with Liutbert Archbishop of Mainz in a charter dated 18 May 876 which records the settlement of a dispute between the archbishop and Sigihard Abbot of Fulda[414].� Arnulf King of Germany granted property "in pago Lobodengau in comitatu Liutherii infra terminum duarum villarum Otincheim et Hophouua" to "fidelis noster Sigebald" on the intervention of "Cunrati et Gaganhardi fidelium nostrorum" by charter dated 3 Jul 888[415].�

55. LIUTRIGO (-after Oct 826).� A document of Emperor Louis I "le Pieux" issued from Ingelheim and dated Oct 826 deals, among other business, with a property claim by "Gehirfredus episcopus" (presumably referring to the then bishop of M�nster) and "Liutrigo comite"[416].�

56. MACCO (-before 19 Apr 786).� m ---.� The name of Macco�s wife is not known.� Macco & his wife had three children:�

a) MANTO (-after 19 Apr 786).� �Manto comes et frater eius Megingoz� donated property �in Isinhusen, Wancheim, Heselere, Tungede, Binizfelt, Hoholtesheim, Steti, Buchelede, Gysenheim, Stocheim, Bleihfelt�et in villa Suzefelt, Heriphe, Suallungen, et in pago Gozfelt, Suanefelt, Isenesheim, et in Pleihfelt marcam silve in villa�Heide, et in Botolfestat, et in pago Waldsaze villam Burchenefelt� to Fulda monastery in the presence of "Karolo imperatore"[417].� "Matto et frater meus Megingoz" donated properties "quicquid Macco pater noster proprium habuit" by charter dated 19 Apr 786, signed by "Unuanes comitis�"[418].� "Matto�[et] Iuliana soror mea" donated properties by charter dated 19 Apr 786, which names "fratris mei Megingozes"[419].�

b) MEGINGOZ (-after 19 Apr 786).� �Manto comes et frater eius Megingoz� donated property �in Isinhusen, Wancheim, Heselere, Tungede, Binizfelt, Hoholtesheim, Steti, Buchelede, Gysenheim, Stocheim, Bleihfelt�et in villa Suzefelt, Heriphe, Suallungen, et in pago Gozfelt, Suanefelt, Isenesheim, et in Pleihfelt marcam silve in villa�Heide, et in Botolfestat, et in pago Waldsaze villam Burchenefelt� to Fulda monastery in the presence of "Karolo imperatore"[420].� "Matto et frater meus Megingoz" donated properties "quicquid Macco pater noster proprium habuit" by charter dated 19 Apr 786, signed by "Unuanes comitis�"[421].�

c) JULIANA (-after 19 Apr 786).� "Matto�[et] Iuliana soror mea" donated properties by charter dated 19 Apr 786, which names "fratris mei Megingozes"[422].�

57. MANEGOLD (-after 12 Oct 847).� "Heiminus episcopus et Monogoldus comes" are named as imperial missi "in Vesontio qu� est diocesis Bernoini archiepiscopi" in documents of Emperor Louis dated May 825 and 827[423].� "�Managolt�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" granted property to "Pribina"[424].�

58. MANEGOLD (-after 18 May 876).� "�Managold comes�" is named with Liutbert Archbishop of Mainz in a charter dated 18 May 876 which records the settlement of a dispute between the archbishop and Sigihard Abbot of Fulda[425].� It is unlikely that this 876 reference can relate to the same count Manegold who is named in 825.�

59. NANTHER (-18 Apr 966).� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "XIV Kal Mai 966" of "Nandheri com"[426].�

60. NANTHELM (-before 992).� Count of "castro Sepio comitatus Colonie".� m GISELA, daughter of --- (-before 992).� "Otto�rex" took into protection all the property of "Odelricum episcopum Cremonensis ecclesie" in "castri Febrii, Alteuille, Uinniale, Morenigo seu Turricelle" which he had inherited from "patris sui Nantelmi matrisque sue Gisle nec non et fratris sui Uilielmi comitum defunctorum" by charter dated 992[427].� Nanthelm & his wife had two children:�

a) WILHELM (-before 992).� "Otto�rex" took into protection all the property of "Odelricum episcopum Cremonensis ecclesie" in "castri Febrii, Alteuille, Uinniale, Morenigo seu Turricelle" which he had inherited from "patris sui Nantelmi matrisque sue Gisle nec non et fratris sui Uilielmi comitum defunctorum" by charter dated 992[428].�

b) UDALRICH (-[986/92]).� Bishop of Cremona before 986.� The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis records that "Odelricus episcopus Cremonensis de genere Francorum, comes et filius Nanntelmi comitis�de castro Sepio comitatus Colonie" founded the monastery of St Lawrence in 986[429].� "Otto�rex" took into protection all the property of "Odelricum episcopum Cremonensis ecclesie" in "castri Febrii, Alteuille, Uinniale, Morenigo seu Turricelle" which he had inherited from "patris sui Nantelmi matrisque sue Gisle nec non et fratris sui Uilielmi comitum defunctorum" by charter dated 992[430].�

61. OSDAG (-after 17 Jul 966).� "Otto�imperator augustus" donated property "predium in comitatu fidelis nostri Osdagi et in pago Nordagoe" to Engern Marienkloster by charter dated 17 Jul 966[431].� �Osdach comes�et coniux eius Hadeburg� donated property �in villa�Nainun� to Corvey monastery[432].� m HADEBURG, daughter of ---.� �Osdach comes�et coniux eius Hadeburg� donated property �in villa�Nainun� to Corvey monastery[433].�

62. OTHMAR (-after 30 Jun 942).� Graf in der Wetterau.� "Liutwin" donated property "in loco�Hibingun in pago Renense" to Kloster Rodenbach "in marca de inferiori Muggistat in pago Wetereiba et in comitatu Hatumari comitis" by charter dated 30 Jun 942[434].�

63. RAFFOLD (-1 Mar 790).� Graf im Rheingau.� "Raffoldus comes" donated property "in pago Renense et in Lobodense�in villa Winenheim" to Lorsch by charter dated 1 Mar 790[435].�

Two possible brothers or first cousins:�

64. REGINHARD (-after 18 May 876).� Graf im Saalgau.� A charter dated 18 May 876 which records the settlement of a dispute between the archbishop and Sigihard Abbot of Fulda refers to the right to "tenths" in property being confirmed "in Salogeuue a Reginharto"[436].� �Reginhart et Meginhart comites� donated property �in pago Hessorum in Rumilingeue marcha� to Fulda monastery[437].�

65. [MEGINHARD .� �Reginhart et Meginhart comites� donated property �in pago Hessorum in Rumilingeue marcha� to Fulda monastery[438].� The source does not specify the relationship between the joint donors but their joint association in the donation suggests a close family connection, maybe that they were brothers or at least first cousins.� �Meginhart comes� donated property �in Hassorum regione� to Fulda monastery[439].]�

66. REGINSUIND .� �Reginsuint com� donated property �Ritheim et Ritfelt, Suabaha, Suabheim, Vrheim, Vrbaresheim, Wiltontesheim, Biergila, Houeheim et cetera loca in pago Rangewe� to Fulda monastery[440].�

67. RETHARD (-after 19 Apr 940).� "Otto�rex" ordered that the men of "pago Auga in comitatu Rethardi et in pago Netga in comitatu Dendi et Hamponis et in pago Huctigo in comitatu Herimanni" not to interfere with rights of Kloster Corvey, by charter dated 19 Apr 940[441].�

68. RUDOLF (-after 1 Jan 953).� "Otto�rex" granted property of the monastery of Fulda to "fideli nostro Ruodolf" in exchange for property which "Ruodolfus et filii eius Adelbraht et Liubold�in pago Salagouue" transferred to the king, by charter dated 1 Jan 953[442].� �Rudolf comes� donated a serf to Fulda monastery[443].� m ---.� The name of Rudolf's wife is not known.� Rudolf & his wife had two children:�

a) ADALBERT (-after 1 Jan 953).� "Otto�rex" granted property of the monastery of Fulda to "fideli nostro Ruodolf" in exchange for property which "Ruodolfus et filii eius Adelbraht et Liubold�in pago Salagouue" transferred to the king, by charter dated 1 Jan 953[444].�

b) LIUBOLD [Liutpold] (-after 1 Jan 953).� "Otto�rex" granted property of the monastery of Fulda to "fideli nostro Ruodolf" in exchange for property which "Ruodolfus et filii eius Adelbraht et Liubold�in pago Salagouue" transferred to the king, by charter dated 1 Jan 953[445].�

Two brothers:�

69. ---.� m ---.� One child:�

a) RUOTGER (-after 23 Mar 880).� Graf im Grabfeld.� A charter dated 18 May 876 which records the settlement of a dispute between the archbishop and Sigihard Abbot of Fulda refers to the right to "tenths" in property being confirmed "in Grappheld a Ruotgero"[446].� "Hludowicus�rex" confirmed an exchange of "Ruodkerus comes�cum Ansbaldo�abate [of Pr�m]�et Balduinus patruus eius" involving property "in pago�Enrichi in comitatu ipsius [Ruodkeri], in pago Engiriscgeuui in Ibingdorf" by charter dated 23 Mar 880[447].�

70. BALDUIN (-after 23 Mar 880).� "Hludowicus�rex" confirmed an exchange of "Ruodkerus comes�cum Ansbaldo�abate [of Pr�m]�et Balduinus patruus eius" involving property "in pago�Enrichi in comitatu ipsius [Ruodkeri], in pago Engiriscgeuui in Ibingdorf" by charter dated 23 Mar 880[448].�

71. RUTHARD .� �Ruthardus comes� donated property �wilare�Rutharteshusen�super fluminis Liutera�� to Fulda monastery[449].�

72. RUODTRUD (-after 28 Apr 777).� �Rutdraht comes� donated property �sco Bon. in Moguntie�et in Titilesheim� to Fulda monastery[450].� "Hruodthrud" donated property "in pago Uuormacinse in villa�Tittilesheim�" by charter dated 28 Apr 777[451].�

73. RUPRECHT .� "Adelbero�Augustensis ecclesi�pr�sul" donated property to Lorsch "in pago Rinigouue in comitatum Gebehardi" by charter dated 20 May [896/99], signed by "Cunrado, Walahone, Gebehardo, Ruperto, Liutfrido, Burkardo, Dragebodo comitibus"[452].�

74. SIEGFRIED (-after 5 Jan 848).� A charter dated 5 Jan 848 records an exchange of property "in pago Chochinguue et in Mulehgouue" between Hatto Abbot of Fulda and "Sigehardus comes", subscribed by "Gerharti comitis, Sigifridi comitis"[453].�

75. THURING (-after 30 May 946).� "Otto�rex" donated property "in loco Meppia�inter aquas Emisa et Hase in pago Agratingun in comitatu Duringi comitis" to Kloster Corvey by charter dated 29 Dec 945[454].� "Otto�rex" donated property "duas villas Meppium�iuxta fluvium Emisa et Hase in pago Agrotingen in comitatu Thuringi comitis" to Kloster Corvey by charter dated 30 May 946[455].� �Thuring comes� donated property �in Chirsenbrucge et in Nienthorpe� to Corvey monastery[456].� �Ymmadus comes� donated property �in Lithingi, in pago ---� to Corvey monastery, witnessed by �Thuring comes, Amalung comes��[457].�

76. UDALRICH (-after 18 May 876).� "�Vodalrich comes�" is named with Liutbert Archbishop of Mainz in a charter dated 18 May 876 which records the settlement of a dispute between the archbishop and Sigihard Abbot of Fulda[458].� same person as�?� UDALRICH .� A summary of donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt includes the donation by "Udalricus comes et uxor eius Giselhild" of property "in Widilsassin et in Husun", undated[459].� m ---.� The name of Udalrich�s wife is not known.� Udalrich & his wife had one child:�

a) UDALHILD .� A summary of donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt includes the donation by "domina Vodilhilt" of property "in villa Jossebahe", for the soul of "patris sui Udalrici comitis", with the consent of "filiorum suorum Udalrici et Rugeri", undated[460].� Nun at Kloster Bleidenstatt.� A summary of donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt includes the donation by "eadem domina, antequam facta est soror nostra" (following immediately after the donation by "domina Vodilhilt" quoted above) of property "in Hornawe", with the consent of "filii sui Idalrici prepositi", undated[461].� m ---.� The name of Udalhild�s husband is not known.� Two children:�

i) UDALRICH .� A summary of donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt includes the donation by "domina Vodilhilt" of property "in villa Jossebahe", for the soul of "patris sui Udalrici comitis", with the consent of "filiorum suorum Udalrici et Rugeri", undated[462].� Pr�positus.� A summary of donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt includes the donation by "eadem domina, antequam facta est soror nostra" (following immediately after the donation by "domina Vodilhilt" quoted above) of property "in Hornawe", with the consent of "filii sui Idalrici prepositi", undated[463].�

ii) RUTGER .� A summary of donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt includes the donation by "domina Vodilhilt" of property "in villa Jossebahe", for the soul of "patris sui Udalrici comitis", with the consent of "filiorum suorum Udalrici et Rugeri", undated[464].�

77. WALBRECHT (-after [981/89]).� "Rihdahc" denoted property to Kloster St Maria an der Rosel, in the castle of Coblenz, by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated [981/89], subscribed by "�Uualbrecch comitis�"[465].�

78. WERNER (-849).� Graf im Rheingau.� Emperor Louis I "le Pieux" confirmed the donation by "fidelem�nostrum�Werinharium" of property "in pago Renense in villis�Bibifloz et Wadtinheim atque Zulestein" to Lorsch by charter dated 26 May 836[466].� "Werinherus" donated property "in pago Rinechgowe�villam super fluvium Wisgoz�Bibibfloz�et�Wattenheim�[et] Egeshere et Bernhere�et�Zulestein" to Lorsch, for the souls of "fidelium meorum Engilhelmi et Mod�", by charter dated 30 Jul 846[467].� Graf von K�ln.� The Annales Colonienses Brevissimi name "Werinarius comes Coloni�" in 849, presumably referring to his death although this is not indicated in the text[468].� [�Werinher comes� donated property �in Gerolteshousen, in Adelolfesheim, in Knezegewe, in Ostheim, in Westheim� to Fulda monastery[469].]�

79. WERNER (-[920]).� Graf im Nahegau und im Wormsgau.� Graf im Speyergau 906:� "Hludouuicus�rex" gave property "in pago Spirahgovuue in comitatu Uuerenherii in loco Titinesheim�quicquid Mahtfrid in villa�tenuit" to the bishopric of Worms by charter dated 4 Nov 906[470].�

-�� SALIAN DYNASTY.�

B.�� 11th CENTURY

1. ARNOLD (-after 17 Jun 1034).� Heribert Archbishop of K�ln donated serfs to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 1 May 1015, witnessed by "�Arnoldi comitis, Gerardi comitis"[471].� Azecho Bishop of Worms donated property "pr�dium�Nasouva�in pago Loganehe in comitatu Wiggeri et Arnoldi comitum" to his bishopric by charter dated 17 Jun 1034[472].�

2. BERTHOLD (-before 1061).� Emperor Heinrich II donated the market and toll privileges at "villa Gilliuelt...in comitatu Bertoldi comitis in pago Meineueldensi situm" to Coblenz St. Florian by charter dated 1012[473].� Heinrich II King of Germany donated property "in comitatu Perhtoldi comitis et in pagis Trihchira et Meinifelt�Legia, Asch, Windinga, Bizelre, Trimizze" to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 20 May 1019[474].� m ADELIND, daughter of --- (-after 1061).� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation of "curiam suam in Pateresberg" by "domina Adelind vidua Bertoldi comitis" in the presence of "Ludewico comite fratre suo", dated 1061[475].�

3. BERTHOLF [I] (-after 1 Nov 1063).� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier donated property to the church of M�nster-Meinefeld by charter dated 1052, subscribed by "Bertolfi comitis, Arnolfi comitis, Theoderici advocati, Sigefridi comitis, Gerlaci comitis, Stephani comitis"[476].� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier donated property to the monastery of M�nster-Reynfeld by charter dated 1058, subscribed by "Adelberonis vicedompni�Bertolfi comitis, Reginboldi comitis, Stephani comitis, Anshelmi"[477].� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier confirmed a donation of property to the monastery of Pr�m by charter dated 1 Nov 1063, subscribed by "Waldonis advocati, Eberhardi comit, Bertolfi com, Anselmi, Adalberonis, Cunone�Godefridi"[478].�

4. BERTHOLF [II] (-after 1091).� Graf von Stromburg.� "Bertholfus comes de Strumburc et filius eius Bertholfus, Werinherius comes de Nekerowa, Heinricus et frater eius Meginfredus de Velisberc, Ezzo de Steinheim, Wulverich et frater eius Stevan, Embricho et filius eius, Hartwin et Embricho" witnessed the charter dated 1090 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Kloster St Alban at Mainz[479].� "Emicho comes et frater eius Bertolf, Ludewicus comes, Gozwinus comes, Wernherus comes, Bertolfus comes, Dudo�" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt by "vir�militaris Hunfridus" when he entered the monastery[480].� m ---.� The name of Bertholf�s wife is not known.� Bertholf [II] & his wife had one child:�

a) BERTHOLF [III] (-after 1102).� "Bertholfus comes de Strumburc et filius eius Bertholfus�" witnessed the charter dated 1090 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Kloster St Alban at Mainz[481].� "Werinherus�comes et advocatus cenobii sancte crucis in Cofunga" donated "in Oggozeshusum mansum 1, in Crumbelbach mansos 2, Vennee 3 mansos�Ritte mansos 3�" to the abbess of Kaufungen by charter dated 1102, witnessed by "Bertholfus comes, Sigefrid palatinus comes, Emicho comes, Emicho comes, Gerlach comes, Udo comes"[482].�

5. BOBBO [Poppo] (-21 Aug ----).� The necrology of Fulda St Maria records the death "XII Kal Sep" of "Gozmarus et Bobbo comites"[483].�

6. BODO (-9 Jan ----).� The necrology of Fulda St Maria records the death "V Id Jan" of "Bodo comes"[484].�

7. --- .� m HILDIGUND, daughter of --- (-after 1018).� "Dodico comes" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, with the consent of "matris su�Hildigund�fratrisque sui Sigobodonis", by undated charter[485].� Two children:�

a) DODICO (-29 Aug [1020]).� "Otto�rex" confirmed a donation to Kloster Hilwarthausen of "villam Hrethon�in pago Hassia ac comitatu Dodichonis comitis" made by "Ida matrona" by charter dated 20 Jan 990 on the petition of "neptis nostr� Mathhildis Astnidensis ecclesi� abbatiss�"[486].� "Dodike comitis" was one of the witnesses to a donation made by "miles domnus Brun�cum sua nepte Id�"[487].� "�Dodico comes�" was among the witnesses of the charter dated 1013 under which "Henricus�imperator augustus" renewed his 1007 judgment concerning a dispute between Willigis Archbishop of Mainz and Bernward Bishop of Hildesheim, signing immediately after "�Sigubodo comes"[488].� �Dodica comes in Reun� donated seven families to Corvey monastery[489].� "Dodico comes" donated property "Vuartberhgi, Rainlefessun, Erungun, Radi, Rohthem, Garametti, Roduuardeshusen, Illandehusen, Silihem" to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, with the consent of "matris su�Hildigund�fratrisque sui Sigobodonis", by undated charter[490].� Graf in Hessen.� Heinrich II King of Germany donated property "pr�dia�in Eskeberge ac Meiskere villis in pago Hassia in comitatu Dodechonis comitis" to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 4 May 1019[491].� Graf von Wartberg.� The Vita Meinwerci records the death "IV Kal Sep" of "comite Dodicone de Wartberge"[492].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted "comitatum quem Dodico comes dum vixit tenuit�in locis Hessiga, Netga, Nihterga" to the church of Paderborn by charter dated 16 Feb 1021[493].�

b) SIGIBODO (-6 Feb [1020/24]).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Sigibodo frater ipsius comite Dodiconis comitis" when recording a donation made "cum consensus heredis su� Hildigund�"[494].� "�Sigubodo comes�" was among the witnesses of the charter dated 1013 under which "Henricus�imperator augustus" renewed his 1007 judgment concerning a dispute between Willigis Archbishop of Mainz and Bernward Bishop of Hildesheim, signing immediately after "�Dodico comes"[495].� "Dodico comes" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, with the consent of "matris su�Hildigund�fratrisque sui Sigobodonis", by undated charter[496].� "Comes�Sygobodo suaque contectalis Windilmod" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, with the consent of "heredis Hildigund�", by undated charter, witnessed by "Dodico comes�"[497].� The necrology of Fulda St Maria records the death "VIII Id Feb" of "Sigibodo comes"[498].� m firstly EMBILA, daughter of ---.� The Vita Meinwerci records a donation of property by "Hildigunda abbatissa de Gesike" previously owned by "Sigebodone et sua uxore Embilan"[499].� m secondly WINDILMOD, daughter of ---.� "Comes�Sygobodo suaque contectalis Windilmod" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, with the consent of "heredis Hildigund�", by undated charter, witnessed by "Dodico comes�"[500].� Sigibodo & his [first/second] wife had two children:�

i) HILDIGUND (-after Sep 1024).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Sigibodo frater ipsius comite Dodiconis comitis" when recording a donation made "cum consensus heredis su� Hildigund�"[501].� "Comes�Sygobodo suaque contectalsi Windilmod" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, with the consent of "heredis Hildigund�", by undated charter, witnessed by "Dodico comes�"[502].� The Vita Meinwerci records a donation of property dated "Id Sep 1024" by "Hildigunda abbatissa de Gesike" previously owned by "Sigebodone et sua uxore Embilan"[503].�

ii) daughter .� m ---.� One child:�

(a) BERNHARD (-after Sep 1024).� The Vita Meinwerci records of donation of property dated "Id Sep 1024" by "Hildigunda abbatissa de Gesike cum Bernhardo nepote suo et advocato" previously owned by "Sigebodone et sua uxore Embilan"[504].�

Relative of Dodico:�

8. BERN (-after [1020]).� The Vita Meinwerci records a donation (undated, but with other donations dated [1020]) of "propinquorum Dodiconis comitis Bern nomine, traditionem quem idem comes et frater eius comes Sigebodo"[505].� Although this text is unclear, other passages clarify that Sigebodo was the brother of Dodico not of Bern, as shown above.� The exact relationship between Bern and the two brothers is not known.�

Two brothers, parents not known:�

9. DIETRICH (-after 29 Jan 1068).� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier donated property to the monastery of St Matheus at Trier by two charters dated 8 Dec 1059, subscribed by "Theoderici comitis"[506].� Archbishop Udo of Trier donated property to Trier St Simon by charter dated 29 Jan 1068, subscribed by "Theoderici comitis, Henrici fratris eius, Walrammi comitis, Folconis comitis, Stephani comitis�"[507].�

10. HEINRICH (-after 29 Jan 1068).� Archbishop Udo of Trier donated property to Trier St Simon by charter dated 29 Jan 1068, subscribed by "Theoderici comitis, Henrici fratris eius, Walrammi comitis, Folconis comitis, Stephani comitis�"[508].�

Two brothers:�

11. --- .� m ---.� Two children:�

a) DRUTWIN [I] (-after 1009).� "Reginbod et uxor eius Lieba" donated property "in Winckelo" to Kloster Bleidenstatt by charter dated 1009 "coram Drutwino comite et scabinis"[509].� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes the donation by "Drutwino comite" of "curtem in Rode"[510].� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes the purchase of property from "Hattone, patruo predicti Drutwini"[511].� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a reference to "curiam in Gisenheim et naulum in Waldaffa" involving "Drutwinus comes" with the consent of "fratris sui Embrichonis", dated to 1019 in the compilation[512].�

b) EMBRICHO [I] (-after 1034).� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a reference to "curiam in Gisenheim et naulum in Waldaffa" involving "Drutwinus comes" with the consent of "fratris sui Embrichonis", dated to 1019 in the compilation[513].� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation of "mansum in Husen�et mansum rogatu fratris sui Drutwini" by "Embricho comes" with the consent of "uxoris sue Adelindis", dated 1034[514].� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation by "domina Blitrudis" of "curtim suam in Loinstein", witnessed by "Arnold comes, Gerlach comes, Embricho comes, Wulfero"[515].� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation of "curtem in Winkelo" by "domina Hemma" for the anniversary of her husband, with the consent of "Ludewici comitis fratris sui", witnessed by "Embricho comes, Dudo comes et frater eius Udalrich"[516].� m ADELINDIS, daughter of --- (-after 1034).� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation of "mansum in Husen�et mansum rogatu fratris sui Drutwini" by "Embricho comes" with the consent of "uxoris sue Adelindis", dated 1034[517].�

12. HATTO .� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes the purchase of property from "Hattone, patruo predicti Drutwini"[518].�

13. DUDO [III] (-before 1076).� m ---.� The name of Dudo�s wife is not known.� Dudo & his wife had two children:�

a) DRUTWIN [II] (-after 1076).� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation of "VI marcas in Kloppinheim" by "Drutwinus comes", for the burial and anniversary of "patris sui Dudonis", dated 1076, witnessed by "Dudo frater eius, Embricho comes, Ludewicus comes cum filiis suis"[519].�

b) DUDO [IV] (-after 1076).� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation of "VI marcas in Kloppinheim" by "Drutwinus comes", for the burial and anniversary of "patris sui Dudonis", dated 1076, witnessed by "Dudo frater eius, Embricho comes, Ludewicus comes cum filiis suis"[520].�

14. EBO (-after 19 Oct [1027]).� "Comes Didericus et filius eius Gisilbertus" relinquished rights to Kloster Michelsberg near Bamberg by charter dated 19 Oct [1027], which names "isti sunt orientales Franci: Otto comes, Adelbertus comes, Gumbertus comes, Albwin comes, Ebo comes"[521].�

15. EKBERT (-7 May ----).� The necrology of Speyer records the death "Non Mai" of "Eggebertus comes" and that "Hermannus filius eius" donated "ii curtes" for his soul[522].� m ---.� The name of Ekbert�s wife is not known.� Ekbert & his wife had one child:�

a) HERMANN .� The necrology of Speyer records the death "Non Mai" of "Eggebertus comes" and that "Hermannus filius eius" donated "ii curtes" for his soul[523].�

16. EKBERT (-25 Jan ----).� The necrology of Speyer records the death "VIII Kal Feb" of "Eggebertus comes"[524].�

17. [ELLO (-after 10 Aug 1021).� Graf in Engersgau: Emperor Heinrich II donated "in villa...Bivera in pago Engiresgovve in comitatu Ellonis" to �monasterio Sancti Petri Thietkiricha...in suburbio Bunn� sito� [Kloster Dietkirchen bei Bonn] by charter dated 10 Aug 1021[525].� It is possible that �Ellonis� in this document represents a mistranscription for �Ottonis� as Otto von Hammerstein is recorded as Graf in Engersgau in 1019.� Emperor Heinrich II donated "Irlocha et Crumbele...in pago Ingerisgowe in comitatu Hello" to Bamberg by charter dated 3 Nov 1022[526].]�

18. EMBRICHO [II] (-after 1076).� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation of "VI marcas in Kloppinheim" by "Drutwinus comes", for the burial and anniversary of "patris sui Dudonis", dated 1076, witnessed by "Dudo frater eius, Embricho comes, Ludewicus comes cum filiis suis"[527].�

19. EMICH (-after 6 Feb 1000).� "Otto�rex" granted property "quicquid Hunald hereditatis�in pago Hessium in villas Uktodaha et Sutzaha in comitatu Meginfredi comitis�et in pago Nahgouue�Spiascesheim, Treise in comitatu Emichonis comitis�in pago Cuninghessundra in villa Uualdhoffa in comitatu Hathoddi comitis" to "fideli nostro Thiatgaz" by charter dated 25 Feb 960[528].� "Otto�rex" granted property "predium quale Lantberto atque Megingozzo per Emichonem comitem" to the church of Mainz by charter dated 29 May 961[529].� "Otto�imperator augustus" donated property "in pago Nahgeuue in comitatu Emichonis comitis in loco�Gogunhein�[et] in pago Spirihgeuui in comitatu Gerungi comitis" to Magdeburg St Moritz by charter dated 27 Aug 966[530].� "Otto�imperator augustus" gave property "Herebertus dum vixit habere in villis Sowilnheim et in Olmeno in paho Nahgowe in comitatu Emechonis comitis" to "fideli nostro Megingozo" Kloster Gandersheim by charter dated 27 Aug 973[531].� "Otto�rex" donated property "inter Keberesheim et Wisclenbahe�in pago Nahgowe in comitiatu Emichonis comitis" to Kloster St Alban, Mainz by charter dated 992[532].� "Otto tercius�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "Tiele in comitatu Unrochi comitis et in pago Testerbant�et Nerestein in comitatu Amichonis in pago Nahgowi" to the monks of the Marienkapelle at Aachen by charter dated 6 Feb 1000[533].�

-�� GRAFEN im NAHEGAU.�

20. ERKENRATH (-after 1072).� "Rudolfus comes, Vodalricus comes, Erkenbrath comes, Wolffram" subscribed the charter dated 1072 under which Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation to Kloster St Victor at Mainz[534].�

21. FRIEDRICH (-after [1020]).� "Otto�rex" donated property "in pago Hardeog et in comitatu Friderici comitis" to Kloster Quedlinburg by charter dated 20 Oct 995[535].� Graf in Hessen.� Heinrich II King of Germany donated property in "cortem Cassellam�in pago Hessia in comitatu�Friderici comitis" to "conjugis nostr� Cunigund�regin�" by charter dated 24 May 1008[536].� Heinrich II King of Germany donated "monasterium Overencoufunga cum�Nederencoufunga, Volmareshusun, Luslad�in pago Hassia sitas in comitatu Friderici comitis" to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 4 May 1019[537].� Heinrich II King of Germany donated "ecclesiam�sancti Johannis Baptist� in�Wolfessanger in pago Hassia in comitatu Frederici comitis" to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 1019, after 6 Jun[538].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" renewed the privileges of Kloster Fulda by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1020, witnessed by "Godifridi ducis, Berinhardi ducis, Thiederici ducis, Welphonis comitis, Cunonis comitis, Kunrati comitis, Ottonis comitis, Adilbrahtis comitis, Bobonis comitis, Friderici comitis, Bezilini comitis, Ezonis comitis palatini"[539], the order of witnesses presumably giving some idea of the relative importance of these named nobles at the court of Emperor Heinrich II at the time.�

22. GERHARD (-after 1 May 1015).� Heribert Archbishop of K�ln donated serfs to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 1 May 1015, witnessed by "�Arnoldi comitis, Gerardi comitis"[540].�

23. GERHARD (-after 6 Oct 1069).� "Bezecha" a nun at K�ln St Ursula donated property "in pago Bonnensi in comitatu Sikkonis in villa Walathorp" to her convent by charter dated 1047, signed by "Heinrici palatini comitis, Thederici comitis, Kristiani comitis, Gerhardi comitis�"[541].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property to Kloster Fulda with the consent of "�Gerhardus�" by charter dated 1 Dec 1059, although Gerhard is not accorded the title "comes" in the document[542].� Graf im Meingau.� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed a donation of property "in Sconenberge�iuxta villam Huson in pago Moinegowe in comitatu Gerhardi comitis" to Kloster St Jakob at Mainz by charter dated 6 Oct 1069[543].�

24. GEROLD (-after 13 May 1007).� "Henricus�rex" granted property "Eringa in pago Rotgouue et in comitatu Geroldi comitis" to "Ascuuino comiti nostroque fideli" by charter dated 13 May 1007[544].�

25. GERLACH (-after 8 May 1017).� Graf im Logenau.� "Otto�rex" gave property "in pago Loginahe et in comitatu Gerlachi comitis" to the church at Worms by charter dated 27 Oct 993[545].� "Henricus�rex" donated "in pago Logenehe et in comitatu Gerlahi comitis civitatem Wileneburg" [Weilburg] to the church at Worms by charter dated 31 Oct 1002[546].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the property rights of Kloster Michelsberg near Bamberg by charter dated 8 May 1017, which recapitulates donations including property "in pago Logenahi in comitatu Gerlachi comitis, Lantswindehusen"[547].� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation by "domina Blitrudis" of "curtim suam in Loinstein", witnessed by "Arnold comes, Gerlach comes, Embricho comes, Wulfero"[548].�

26. GERLACH (-killed in battle Islemunde, Holland 1076).� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier donated property to the church of M�nster-Meinefeld by charter dated 1052, subscribed by "Bertolfi comitis, Arnolfi comitis, Theoderici advocati, Sigefridi comitis, Gerlaci comitis, Stephani comitis"[549].� The Annales Egmundani name "Gerloch comes" among those killed at the battle of "Islemunde" in which Dirk V Count of Holland defeated his stepfather Robert Count of Flanders[550].� The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Garlacus comes" was killed in battle in Holland in 1076[551].�

27. GISO [I] (-after 18 May 1008).� "Henricus�rex" confirmed an exchange of property "in loco Amena�in pago Oberenlogenahe�in comitatu Gisonis comitis" between Willigis Archbishop of Mainz and the church of St Stefan by charter dated 18 May 1008[552].�

28. GISO [II] (-after 20 Nov 1049).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" documented rights of Kloster Fulda by charter dated 20 Nov 1049, which names "Bernhart dux, Vto comes, Diterih comes, Otto comes, Eberhart comes, Sigiboto comes, Friderich comes, Giso comes, Gozwin comes, Boppo, Vto"[553], Count Giso presumably being a different person from the Giso named in 1008.�

29. GOSWIN (-after 20 Jun 1118).� "Emicho comes et frater eius Bertolf, Ludewicus comes, Gozwinus comes, Wernherus comes, Bertolfus comes, Dudo�" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt by "vir�militaris Hunfridus" when he entered the monastery[554].� "Ludowicus de Turingia comes, Arnoldus urbis comes, Sigehardus comes, Bertolfus comes, Ludewicus comes, Gozwinus comes�" witnessed the charter dated 20 Jun 1118 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property "in placito Ludwici comitis" to Kloster St Johannes auf dem Bischofsberge, after the death of "Hildrudis vidue Wulferici ministerialis nostri"[555].�

-�� GRAFEN von VELDENZ.�

30. GOSMAR (-21 Aug ----).� �Gozmar senior comes� donated property �in�Affeltra, Gielieha, Buohloha, Fiermennen, Serufi, Hagene, Mehiline� to Fulda monastery[556].� The necrology of Fulda St Maria records the death "XII Kal Sep" of "Gozmarus et Bobbo comites"[557].�

31. HATHOD .� "Otto�rex" granted property "quicquid Hunald hereditatis�in pago Hessium in villas Uktodaha et Sutzaha in comitatu Meginfredi comitis�et in pago Nahgouue�Spiascesheim, Treise in comitatu Emichonis comitis�in pago Cuninghessundra in villa Uualdhoffa in comitatu Hathoddi comitis" to "fideli nostro Thiatgaz" by charter dated 25 Feb 960[558].�

32. HEIZIL [Hezzelo] (-after 1004).� "Heinricus�Bawariorum dux" donated property "in pago Tuuorgowe in comitatu Hecelonis comitis situ" through "Wolframmi advocati sui" by undated charter (presumably early 11th century), subscribed by "comes Woluerammus"[559].� The Annales Colonienses specify that "Heizil comes receptus est" in 1004[560].� m ---.� The name of Heizil's wife is not known.� Heizil & his wife had one child:

a) HEINRICH (-after 1016).� Two charters dated 1016 records the foundation of Kloster Oberstenfeld by "Adelhardus comes cum filio meo Heinrico", subscribed by "Heinricus filius comitis Hecelonis"[561].�

33. HERMANN (-after 31 Dec 1019).� Graf im Lahngau.� Heinrich II King of Germany donated property "cortem Hademinni�in pago Laenigouvi in comitatu Herimanni comitis" to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 6 Dec 1017[562].� Heinrich II King of Germany donated property "pr�dium Herbete quod nobis Eccehart dedit in comitatu Hermanni et in pago Westefalo herisceffe situm" to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 31 Dec 1019[563].� "Bernhardus dux, Heriman comes et filii eius, Henric, Conrad, Adalbracht, Bernhard, Ekkica comes de Aslan, Bernhard comes, Erp comes, Tiedric comes Fresonie, Widukin comes, Amulungo comes et frater eius Ekbracht, Ekkica comes�Tiamma comes et frater eius" witnessed the charter dated 14 Sep (no year) under which "d�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation[564].� m ---.� The name of Hermann's wife is not known.� Hermann & his wife had one child:�

a) SIEGFRIED (-after 2 Sep 997).� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "quam Eggihardus�antea in beneficium habuit in villa Uuosthalmeshusen in pago Lainega et in comitatu Herimanni ac filii eius Sigifridi comitum" to "Eggihardi comitis sorori prelibati episcopi Thietburge" by charter dated 2 Sep 997[565].� Graf im Rheingau.� Heinrich II King of Germany donated property "cortem Herleicheshuson�in pago Reinicgowe in comitatu Sigifridi comitis" to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 1020 or 1021, before 10 Aug[566].�

34. HESSO [IV] .� m ---.� The name of Hesso's wife is not known.� Hesso [V] & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [HESSO [V] .� "Heinricus�rex" donated property "Svlicha in pago Svlichgovve in comitatu Hessonis comitis" to the church of Speyer by charter dated 5 Apr 1057[567].� Sigewin Archbishop of K�ln confirmed donations to Kloster Rees, where her parents were buried, made by "Irmengarda�comitissa" by charter dated to [1079/89], witnessed by "�Adelbrat comes, Adolph de Monte, Gerhart de Gulecho, De Saphenberch Adelbrecht, Hesse comes�"[568].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln, Hesso was the possible son of Hesso Graf im S�lichgau and father of Hesso von Backnang, ancestor of the Grafen von Wolfs�lden and Grafen von Schauenburg[569].]��

35. HUGO (-after 5 Apr 1057).� "Heinricus�rex" donated property "Ditenesheim in pago Spirigouue in comitatu Hugonis comitis" to the church of Speyer by charter dated 5 Apr 1057[570].�

36. HUNALD .� "Otto�rex" granted property "quicquid Hunald hereditatis�in pago Hessium in villas Uktodaha et Sutzaha in comitatu Meginfredi comitis�et in pago Nahgouue�Spiascesheim, Treise in comitatu Emichonis comitis�in pago Cuninghessundra in villa Uualdhoffa in comitatu Hathoddi comitis" to "fideli nostro Thiatgaz" by charter dated 25 Feb 960[571].�

37. KONRAD (-after 1092).� "Cunrat comes, Volcolt comes, Sigefrit comes�" witnessed the charter dated 1092 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Kloster St Jacob at Mainz[572].�

Brother and sister, parents not known:�

38. KONRAD (-after [1105/06]).� Albert of Aix records that "Conradus�stabularius Henrici tertii Romanorum imperatoris" arrived at Constantinople in [Sep] 1100 with 2000 knights[573].� Albert of Aix records that "Conradus et Bruno filius sororis eius" entered Marash with 3,000 men, dated to late 1100 from the context[574].� Albert of Aix records "Conradus stabularius imperatoris Romanorum�" among those who spent Easter in Jerusalem with Baudouin I King of Jerusalem, dated to 1102 from the context[575].� Albert of Aix records that "Conradus, Arpinus, Stephanus Blesensis itemque Stephanus de Burgundia" were captured at Ramla after being burned in a tower, and that "Conradus�Arpinus�miles Imperatoris Gr�corum" were imprisoned and taken to Ascalon, dated to mid-1102 from the context[576].� Albert of Aix records that "Conradus stabularius Henrici tertii Romanorum imperatories" was released from his chains and from prison, sent home by the [Byzantine] emperor (Alexios I) with gold, silver and precious stones as presents for the [German] emperor, but that he remained in Italy due to the dispute between the latter and his son (the future Heinrich V King of Germany)[577], which dates his release to [1105/06].�

39. daughter .� m ---.� One child:�

a) BRUNO (-after 1100).� Albert of Aix records that "Conradus et Bruno filius sororis eius" entered Marash with 3,000 men, dated to late 1100 from the context[578].�

40. KRAFT (-after 14 Aug 1089).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "circa villam Bettesigelon�in pago Ratinzgovve et in comitatu Graft comitis" to "servienti nostro Otnando" by charter dated 21 Sep 1056[579].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "in pago Radnizogowe in comitatu Chrafti comitis" to "servienti nostro Othnando" by charter dated 1067[580].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Crafthonis in villa Arinbach" to Meinger, a Ministerial, by charter dated 14 Aug 1089[581].�

41. MEGINFRED .� "Otto�rex" granted property "quicquid Hunald hereditatis�in pago Hessium in villas Uktodaha et Sutzaha in comitatu Meginfredi comitis�et in pago Nahgouue�Spiascesheim, Treise in comitatu Emichonis comitis�in pago Cuninghessundra in villa Uualdhoffa in comitatu Hathoddi comitis" to "fideli nostro Thiatgaz" by charter dated 25 Feb 960[582].�

42. POPPO (-after [1020]).� "Henricus�rex" granted property "comitatum in Wingarteiba�quale comes Bobbo apud Hasmaresheim habuerit" to Burchard Bishop of Worms by charter dated 9 May 1011[583].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" renewed the privileges of Kloster Fulda by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1020, witnessed by "Godifridi ducis, Berinhardi ducis, Thiederici ducis, Welphonis comitis, Cunonis comitis, Kunrati comitis, Ottonis comitis, Adilbrahtis comitis, Bobonis comitis, Friderici comitis, Bezilini comitis, Ezonis comitis palatini"[584], the order of witnesses presumably giving some idea of the relative importance of these named nobles at the court of Emperor Heinrich II at the time.�

Brother and sister, parents not known:�

43. REGINBOLD (-after 1058).� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier donated property to the monastery of M�nster-Reynfeld by charter dated 1058, subscribed by "Adelberonis vicedompni�Bertolfi comitis, Reginboldi comitis, Stephani comitis, Anshelmi"[585].�

44. sister .� m ---.� One child:�

a) KUNO (-after 11 Apr 1067).� "Gerardus�Lothariensium dux" donated property to Echternach abbey by charter dated 11 Apr 1067 which names "uxoris mea Hadvidis filiique nostre Theoderici�patris mei Gerhardi matrisque me� Gisl�", subscribed by "�Cuononis sororis Reginboldi filii�"[586].�

45. RICHMUND (-after 16 Jun [1018]).� Heinrich II King of Germany donated property "pr�dium�in Liudenhove in pago Logene in comitatu Richmundi comitis" to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 16 Jun [1018][587].�

46. RUDOLF (-after 1072).� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation by "Rudolfus comes et uxor sua" of "X marcas in Cruftela"[588].� "Rudolfus comes, Vodalricus comes, Erkenbrath comes, Wolffram" subscribed the charter dated 1072 under which Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation to Kloster St Victor at Mainz[589].� m ---.� A list of acquisitions by Kloster Bleidenstatt, dated to 1017-1079, includes a donation by "Rudolfus comes et uxor sua" of "X marcas in Cruftela"[590].�

47. RUDOLF (-after 1112).� Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation by "vidua�Cuniza�per manum tutoris sui Gerhardi�fratris sui" of property "in villa Wilibach in pago Cunengessundera in comitatu Rudolfi comitis" to Kloster St Jacob in Mainz, for the soul of "Gebehardi mariti sui defuncti", by charter dated 1112[591].�

48. SIEGFRIED (-after 1052).� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier donated property to the church of M�nster-Meinefeld by charter dated 1052, subscribed by "Bertolfi comitis, Arnolfi comitis, Theoderici advocati, Sigefridi comitis, Gerlaci comitis, Stephani comitis"[592].�

49. SIEGFRIED (-[Bulgaria] 5 Jul 1065, bur [Bulgaria], transferred to St Paul).� The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names "comes Engelbertus ex patre Sigfrido Francorum civis, ex matre Rihkarda maiorum Karinthia primus", and in a later passage names "Sifridi natale solum Spanheimmense fuerat castrum, Richkart Laventinis oriunda" as parents of "Hartwic Magdeburgensis archiepiscopus"[593].�� Markgraf der Ungarischen Mark 1045 until before 1048.� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "intra fluvios Phiscaha et Litaha et Maraha" to "Sigefrido marchioni" by charter dated 7 Mar 1045[594].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "inter flumina Litaha et Fiscaha�in comitatu Sigifridi marchionis" to "fideli nostro Reginoldo" by charter dated 3 Jun 1045[595].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "iuxta alveum fluminis Danubii�contra Ungaricam plateam�villa Stillefride�" on the petition of "�Heinrici ducis Sigefrido marchioni" by charter dated 15 Jul 1045[596].� Graf im Pustertal 1048, presumably he was granted this county on losing the Markgrafschaft.� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Bvsterissa in comitatu Sigefridi comitis�Swarzenbahc�Aurina�" to Poppo Bishop of Brixen by charter dated 25 Jan 1048[597].� He died while returning from pilgrimage to Jerusalem.� The brothers Graf Engelbert and Hartwig Archbishop of Magdeburg transferred the remains of their mother Richgard from Spanheim to St Paul to be next to her husband Graf Siegfried, the document dated [1100] confirming that their father died while returning from pilgrimage to Jerusalem and was first buried in Bulgaria and that their mother died while on pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela[598].�

-�� GRAFEN von SPONHEIM.�

50. SIEGFRIED (-after 5 Oct 1071).� Heinrich IV King of Germany donated property "in comitatu Sigifridi comitis in pago Nordthuringa in villis Bredanstidi et�Lamseli Stimpeli Nagorit et ultra Ara slavonice villa in potestate Udonis marchionnis", previously held by "Liutharius comes, postea predictus Burchardus episcopus", at the request of Burchard Bishop of Halberstadt to "fratre suo Lantfrido", by charter dated 5 Aug 1068[599].� "Gebeno prefectus civitatis, Emicho comes, Sigefredus comes, Wiggerus comes, Ludewicus comes, Udalrich advocatus, Adelbrecht advocatus, Megingoz centurion, Diebrecht, Dudo, Embricho filius eius" witnessed the charter dated 5 Oct 1071 under which Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation by "nobilis matrona Hiltrudis�vidua filiusque eius Reinfredus et Ludowicus comes" of "hereditario iure�in� pago Rinegowe�in villa Winkela, Eybinga et in Loricha" to Kloster St Victor at Mainz[600].� "Cunrat comes, Volcolt comes, Sigefrit comes�" witnessed the charter dated 1092 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Kloster St Jacob at Mainz[601].�

51. SIEGHARD (-after 20 Jun 1118).� "Ludowicus de Turingia comes, Arnoldus urbis comes, Sigehardus comes, Bertolfus comes, Ludewicus comes, Gozwinus comes�" witnessed the charter dated 20 Jun 1118 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property "in placito Ludwici comitis" to Kloster St Johannes auf dem Bischofsberge, after the death of "Hildrudis vidue Wulferici ministerialis nostri"[602].�

52. STARCHER (-after 18 Jul 1051).� "Chuonradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the property of the church of W�rzburg by charter dated 9 Oct 1033, witnessed by "�Starcheri�"[603].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Brauweiler by charter dated 18 Jul 1051 which names "Richeza regina quondam Poleni�pro remedio anime sue fratrisque sui beate memorie Ottonis ducis aliorumque parentum suorum in monasterio Brunwilarensi sepultorum�per manum Heinrici palatini comitis filii patrui sui" and witnessed by "Heinricus comes palatinus, Sicco comes, Starchri comes�"[604].�

53. STEFAN (-after 1090).� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier donated property to the church of M�nster-Meinefeld by charter dated 1052, subscribed by "Bertolfi comitis, Arnolfi comitis, Theoderici advocati, Sigefridi comitis, Gerlaci comitis, Stephani comitis"[605].� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier donated property to the monastery of M�nster-Reynfeld by charter dated 1058, subscribed by "Adelberonis vicedompni�Bertolfi comitis, Reginboldi comitis, Stephani comitis, Anshelmi"[606].� Archbishop Udo of Trier donated property to Trier St Simon by charter dated 29 Jan 1068, subscribed by "Theoderici comitis, Henrici fratris eius, Walrammi comitis, Folconis comitis, Stephani comitis�"[607].� Hermann [III] Archbishop of K�ln settled the dispute between Kloster Brauweiler and K�ln St Maria by charter dated 1090, witnessed by "�Stephanus comes, Gerhardus de Hostade, Arnoldi prefectus urbis, Adelbertus de Safinberg, Adolfus de Monte, Adelbero de Duno�"[608].�

54. SWIGGER (-1058 or after).� The Casus Monasterii Petrishusensis records a donation by "Swiggerus cum�uxoris me� Adelheid� et filii mei Goteshalci" of property "apud Owiltingen in pago Linzgouwe in comitatu Ottonis comitis" to "monasterium sancti Gregorii in ripa Rheni" which names "abbatis Adelberti eiusque advocate comtis Eberhardi" dated 1058, subscribed by "Roudolf comes�"[609].� m ADELHEID, daughter of ---.� The Casus Monasterii Petrishusensis records a donation by "Swiggerus cum�uxoris me� Adelheid� et filii mei Goteshalci" of property "apud Owiltingen in pago Linzgouwe in comitatu Ottonis comitis" to "monasterium sancti Gregorii in ripa Rheni" which names "abbatis Adelberti eiusque advocate comtis Eberhardi" dated 1058, subscribed by "Roudolf comes�"[610].� Swigger & his wife had one child:�

a) GOTTESCHALK .� The Casus Monasterii Petrishusensis records a donation by "Swiggerus cum�uxoris me� Adelheid� et filii mei Goteshalci" of property "apud Owiltingen in pago Linzgouwe in comitatu Ottonis comitis" to "monasterium sancti Gregorii in ripa Rheni" which names "abbatis Adelberti eiusque advocate comtis Eberhardi" dated 1058, subscribed by "Roudolf comes�"[611].�

55. TAMMO (-after 12 May 1001).� "Otto tercius�Romanorum imperator augustus" gave property in "villa Liubicha in territorio Kirihbergensi comitatu vero Ekkiharti iacentes" to "nostro Dammoni discoforo atque comiti" by charter dated 18 Mar 1001[612].� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" gave property "in villa Inglinneim superiori in comitatu Emichoni comitis in pago Nahggouue" to "Tammoni comiti" by charter dated 12 May 1001 on the petition of "Hugonis marchionis"[613].�

56. UDALRICH (-after 1072).� "Rudolfus comes, Vodalricus comes, Erkenbrath comes, Wolffram" subscribed the charter dated 1072 under which Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation to Kloster St Victor at Mainz[614].� same person as�?� UDALRICH .� Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated "curiam in Birgestat, que fuit comitis Udalrici cognati mei et uxoris sue Matthildis etiam cognate mee" and "predium in Spurchenheim�comparatum�a cometissa Richarde uxore marchionis Rudolfi et filio eorundem Udone" to Mainz cathedral by charter dated 1128, signed by "Emicho comes de Smideburch et frater eius Gerlaus, Emercho comes de Liningen, Arnoldus et frater eius Rubertus de Lurenburch, Dammo de Bochen et Siegeboto, Bertoldus comes et frater eius Sigefridus de Noringen"[615].� m MATHILDE, daughter of ---.� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1128 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated "curiam in Birgestat, que fuit comitis Udalrici cognati mei et uxoris sue Matthildis etiam cognate mee" to Mainz cathedral[616].�

57. UDO (-after 1102).� "Werinherus�comes et advocatus cenobii sancte crucis in Cofunga" donated "in Oggozeshusum mansum 1, in Crumbelbach mansos 2, Vennee 3 mansos�Ritte mansos 3�" to the abbess of Kaufungen by charter dated 1102, witnessed by "Bertholfus comes, Sigefrid palatinus comes, Emicho comes, Emicho comes, Gerlach comes, Udo comes"[617].�

58. UNRUOCH (-after 29 Jan 1073).� Anno Archbishop of K�ln donated "decimationem II mansorum in Kempeno in comitatu...Vnruch comitis" to Rottzehnten by charter dated 29 Jan 1073[618].

59. VOLKOLT (-after 1092).� "Cunrat comes, Volcolt comes, Sigefrit comes�" witnessed the charter dated 1092 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Kloster St Jacob at Mainz[619].�

60. WERNER (-killed Beheim 22 Aug 1040).� The necrology of Weissenburg records the death "XI Kal Sep" of "Werinheri comes Reginhart et Buggo occisi sunt Beheim. 1040"[620].�

61. WERNER (-after 18 Jan 1043).� Heinrich III King of Germany confirmed a donation of property "in loco�Iringeshusen�in pago Hassia et in comitatu Werinheri comitis" made by Arnold future Bishop of Worms by charter dated 18 Jan 1043[621].�

62. WERNER (-after 1120).� Graf von Neckerau.� "Bertholfus comes de Strumburc et filius eius Bertholfus, Werinherius comes de Nekerowa, Heinricus et frater eius Meginfredus de Velisberc, Ezzo de Steinheim, Wulverich et frater eius Stevan, Embricho et filius eius, Hartwin et Embricho" witnessed the charter dated 1090 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Kloster St Alban at Mainz[622].� "Emicho comes et frater eius Bertolf, Ludewicus comes, Gozwinus comes, Wernherus comes, Bertolfus comes, Dudo�" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt by "vir�militaris Hunfridus" when he entered the monastery[623].� "Werinherus�comes et advocatus cenobii sancte crucis in Cofunga" donated "in Oggozeshusum mansum 1, in Crumbelbach mansos 2, Vennee 3 mansos�Ritte mansos 3�" to the abbess of Kaufungen by charter dated 1102, witnessed by "Bertholfus comes, Sigefrid palatinus comes, Emicho comes, Emicho comes, Gerlach comes, Udo comes"[624].� Adalbert Bishop of Worms established fisheries at Worms, at the request of "comitis Werinheri", by charter dated to [1106][625].� m GISELA, daughter of [EMICH Wildgraf & his wife Hizecha ---] (-before 2 Feb 1156).�

63. WEZELIN (-13 Mar ----).� The necrology of Fulda St Maria records the death "III Id Mar" of "Wezelinus comes"[626].�

64. WIGGER (-after 1034).� Azecho Bishop of Worms donated property "pr�dium�Nasouva�in pago Loganehe in comitatu Wiggeri et Arnoldi comitum" to his bishopric by charter dated 17 Jun 1034[627].�

65. WIGGER (-after 5 Oct 1071).� "Gebeno prefectus civitatis, Emicho comes, Sigefredus comes, Wiggerus comes, Ludewicus comes, Udalrich advocatus, Adelbrecht advocatus, Megingoz centurion, Diebrecht, Dudo, Embricho filius eius" witnessed the charter dated 5 Oct 1071 under which Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation by "nobilis matrona Hiltrudis�vidua filiusque eius Reinfredus et Ludowicus comes" of "hereditario iure�in� pago Rinegowe�in villa Winkela, Eybinga et in Loricha" to Kloster St Victor at Mainz[628].�

66. WOLFRAM [I] (-after 11 Sep 1024).� "Otto�rex" confirmed an exchange of property "villa Aldenglane et in Deinesberge sitos " agreed between Hildibald Bishop of Worms and "Wolframmum comitem" by charter dated 22 Feb 992[629].� "Henricus�rex" donated property "in pago Spirihgouue et in comitatu Wolframmi comitis, in villis autem Glizenuuilere et Hohenstat ac Wolmodesheim" to the church of Speier by charter dated 1 Jan 1007[630].� "Heinricus�Bawariorum dux" donated property "in pago Tuuorgowe in comitatu Hecelonis comitis situ" through "Wolframmi advocati sui" by undated charter (presumably early 11^th century), subscribed by "comes Woluerammus"[631].� "Cunradus�rex" donated property "in villa Iohanningon in pago Chreihgowe et partim in Funcenehgowe in comitatu Wolframmi comitis" to the cathedral of Speier by charter dated 11 Sep 1024[632].�

67. WOLFRAM [II] (-after 1 Jun 1048).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed property "in pago Creihcgowe in villa Owienesheim in comitatu Wolframmi comitis, in pago Brysihcgowe in villis Mulinheim et Ougheim in comitatu Bertholdi comitis, in pago Elyzazen in villa Kembyz in comitatu Beringeri comitis, in pago Sysgowe in villis Melin et Gurbulun in comitatu Rudolfi comitis�in pago Brisihcgowe in villa Piccensole in comitatu supra dicti Bertholdi comitis�in pago Scrihcgowe in villa Muron�in comitatu Wolferammi comitis et in pago Haglegowe in villa Dahun in comitatu Anselmi comitis" to the cathedral of Basel by charter dated 1 Jun 1048[633].� This presumably refers to another Wolfram.�

68. ZEIZOLF [I] (-after [1020]).� "Henricus�rex" granted property "abbatis�Oppenheim�in pago Wormesveld in comitatu Zeizolfi comitis" to Kloster Lausch by charter dated 4 Nov 1008[634].� The Vita Meinwerci records a donation (undated, but with other donations dated [1020]) of "propinquorum Dodiconis comitis Bern nomine, traditionem quem idem comes et frater eius comes Sigebodo", subscribed by "�Conone filio ducis Ottonis, eiusque milite Zeizulfo"[635].�

69. ZEIZOLF [II] (-after 5 May 1072).� "Heinricus�rex" granted the right to a market in "in villa Sunninheim in pago Elisincigowe et in comitatu eiusdem Zeizolfi comitis" to "Zeizolfo fideli nostro" by an undated charter, grouped in the compilation with charters dated 1066[636].� "Ceizzolfus comes" subscribed the charter dated 5 May 1072 under which Siegfried Archbishop of Metz attested the destruction of the chapel of Ravensgirburg[637].�

-�� GRAFEN von ENZBERG.�

Chapter 3.�� LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY

Lotharingia, an artificial political creation, was formed under the Treaty of Verdun in 843 to provide a kingdom for Emperor Lothaire I, oldest son of the Carolingian Emperor Louis I "le Pieux".� It covered a wide strip of land from the North Sea coast southwards to Italy, and originally included the eastern part of present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany west of the river Rhine, the French provinces of Alsace, Lorraine, Burgundy and Provence, and Switzerland and parts of northern Italy, as well as the imperial cities of Aachen, Pavia and Rome.�

This chapter shows nobility in the northern part of the original kingdom of Lotharingia (approximately equivalent to present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Germany west of the Rhine) whose counties have not been identified and who have not been connected to other noble families which are set out in full in the companion documents LOWER LOTHARINGIA NOBILITY and UPPER LOTHARINGIA NOBILITY.� In addition, consult the documents BRABANT/LOUVAIN, HAINAUT, HOLLAND & FRISIA, LIMBURG, NAMUR, BAR, and LUXEMBOURG for the early nobility in those territories.� The early nobility based in other parts of the original territory of the kingdom of Lotharingia (Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and northern Italy) are shown in the corresponding documents.�

A useful list of early nobles in northern Lotharingia is found in the charter dated 14 Jun 877 issued by Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, which names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the river Meuse[638].� Of these, "Gislebertus" can be identified as the ancestor of the later rulers of Brabant and Louvain, "Letardus" as the ancestor of the Comtes de Huy, "Matfridus" as the ancestor of the Comtes de Metz, and "Widricus" as the possible ancestor of the comtes in the Ardennes.� The others (listed below) have not yet been linked to any geographic territory or any later noble family.�

A.�� 9th and 10th CENTURIES

1. ADALBERT (-after 11 Apr 899).� An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[639].� �Wiheburg et filii mei Lantfrid, Reginfrid, Cerho, Liutfrid� donated property �in Metlere et in Afaldrabechi in comitatu�Adalberti� to K�ln St Gereon by charter dated 11 Apr 899[640].�

2. ALARD [Adalhard?] (-after 14 Sep 977).� The abbot of Gorze ratified acquisitions at �Flammereshem in Wormatie� by charter dated 14 Sep 977, subscribed by �Immonis comitis palatii, Birardi comitis, Alardi comitis, Azzonis comitis, Bozelonis comitis, Folmeri comitis, Hardonis comitis, Hamedei advocate loci�[641].�

3. ARNULF (-killed in battle 26 Jun 891).� An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis�Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[642].� An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[643].� Regino records that "episcopus Magontiac� urbis, Sunzo et Arnolfus comes" were killed in battle against the Vikings "891 VI Kal Iul"[644].�

4. ARNULF (-after 10 Feb 986).� "Gerberga�Francorum regina" donated "alodo�Marsnam in comitatu Masaugo" to Reims Saint-R�my, confirmed by "comitibus Emmone et Ansfrido", for the souls of "senioris nostri pi� memori� Gisleberti suique�patris�et matris Rageneri et Albrad�", by charter dated 10 Feb 968, signed by "Arnulfi comitis�Emmonis comitis, Ansfridi comitis�"[645].�

5. BAUDOUIN (-1 Sep ----).� The necrology of Gorze records the death "Kal Sep" of "Balduinus comes"[646].�

6. BAUDOUIN .� m ---.� Baudouin & his wife had one child:�

a) RICHER (-10 Mar ----).� The Kalendarium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis records the death "VI Id Mar" of "Richerus comes filius Balduini"[647].�

7. BERARD (-after 14 Sep 977).� The abbot of Gorze ratified acquisitions at �Flammereshem in Wormatie� by charter dated 14 Sep 977, subscribed by �Immonis comitis palatii, Birardi comitis, Alardi comitis, Azzonis comitis, Bozelonis comitis, Folmeri comitis, Hardonis comitis, Hamedei advocate loci�[648].�

Brother and sister, parents not known:�

8. BERENGAR (-after 996).� Chorbishop of Trier.�

9. BERTHA (-after 996).� "Berta" donated property "in villa Rodena sita in pago Sarensi in comitatu Waldrauingensi" to St Ludwin in Metlach naming "defuncti coniugis mei Volkmeri" by charter dated 995 witnessed by "Wetel comes et nepos eius Wetel�"[649].� "Domna Berta, viri illustris Volcmari comitis relicta" donated property "in pago Moselensi in comitatu Waldeleuinga cui Gisilbertus comes�villa Mudenfert" to St Maximin, Trier "per manum advocati nostri comitis Henrici" naming "Beringerum fratrum suum S Treurice sedis corepiscopum" by charter dated 996 witnessed by "Friderich comes"[650].� m FOLMAR [III] Graf im Bliesgau, son of FOLMAR & his wife --- (-[994/95]).�

10. CHRISTIAN "Vesanus" (-after 981).� Archbishop Egbert donated property "de beneficio Luthardi comitis�mortuo sine herede" to St Paul at Trier by charter dated 981, subscribed by "�Christiani comitis, cognomento Vesani�"[651].�

11. DIETRICH [Thierry] (-6 May ----).� "Bezecha" a nun at K�ln St Ursula donated property "in pago Bonnensi in comitatu Sikkonis in villa Walathorp" to her convent by charter dated 1047, signed by "Heinrici palatini comitis, Thederici comitis, Kristiani comitis, Gerhardi comitis�"[652].� The necrology of Gorze records the death "II Non Mai" of "Theodericus comes"[653].�

12. EGMUND (-after 27 Aug 844).� "Ecmundi comitis�" signed the charter dated 27 Aug 844 under which "Egilbertus" donated property to Kloster St Martin, K�ln[654].�

13. EMMO [I] [Immo] (-after 15 Dec 843).� "Hlotharius�imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Lugdunense" to "cuidam vassallo�Immoni", at the request of "Matfredus�comes vel ministerialis noster", by charter dated 15 Dec 843[655].�

14. ENGUERRAND [Angilram/Engilram] (-after 9 Jan 900).� "Zuendeboldus�rex" freed three slaves of "comes�Angilramnus" by charter dated 9 Jan 900[656].�

15. FOLCBERT (-after 11 Jul 897).� "Zuendeboldus�rex" gave "villam ex nostra abbatial Capremons dicta Ren�ex sua proprietate in pago Battauui in comitatu Dodonis" to "nostro comiti Folcberto" by charter dated 11 Jul 897[657].�

16. FOLMAR [I] (-after [915/23]).� 920/30.� "Uolmarus vasallus�et coniunx eius Richildis et unus eorum filius" donated property Trier St Peter by charter dated to [915/23][658].� m RICHILDE, daughter of ---.� "Uolmarus vasallus�et coniunx eius Richildis et unus eorum filius" donated property Trier St Peter by charter dated to [915/23][659].�

[Three] brothers, maybe sons of Folmar [I]:�

17. FOLMAR [II] .� His existence appears to be confirmed by the Miraculis Sancti Firmini which names "Folcuinus cum coniuge sua Alda�comitis Folcmari germanus"[660].� Assuming that Folcwin's date of death is correct as shown below, it appears unlikely that "Folcmari" in this text could refer to Folmar [I] or Folmar [III], although the question is not without doubt.� No other primary source which confirms his parentage has yet been identified.�� 933/80.�

18. FOLCWIN (-before 942).� The Miraculis Sancti Firmini names "Folcuinus cum coniuge sua Alda�comitis Folcmari germanus"[661].� m ALDA, daughter of ---.� The Miraculis Sancti Firmini names "Folcuinus cum coniuge sua Alda�comitis Folcmari germanus"[662].�

19. BOVO .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� 930, 959.�

20. FOLCOLD (-after 928).� "Gysalbertus dux rectorque S. Traiectenses ecclesie" donated property "Gulisam�in pago [Ardunensi] in comitatu Everhardi" to Trier by charter dated 928, subscribed by "Walgeri comitis, Thiedrici comitis, Cristiani comitis, Folcoldi comitis"[663].�

21. GOTBERT (-after 14 Jun 877).� An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[664].�

22. GOTTESCHALK (-16 May ----).� The necrology of Gorze records the death "XVII Kal Jun" of "Godelscalcus comes"[665].�

23. HENRI (-19 Feb ----).� The Kalendarium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis records the death "XI Kal Mar" of "Henricus comes pater Gepuini"[666].� m HADUIDIS, daughter of --- (-3 Nov ----).� The Kalendafrium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis records the death "III Non Nov" of "Hadvildis mater domini Gepuini"[667].� Comte Henri & his wife had two children:�

a) RENAUD (-killed [16 Jul] ----).� The Kalendarium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis records the death "XIX Kal Aug" of "Rainaldus interfectus, frater Gepuini"[668].�

b) GEBUIN (-22 Feb ----).� 1060.� 1079.� 1092.� The Kalendarium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis records the death "VIII Kal Mar" of "domini Gepuini archidiaconi S Mari� et prepositi S Germani"[669].�

24. INGELGER (-after 14 Jun 877).� An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[670].�

25. LIETARD [I] (-after 10 May 879).� An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis�Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[671].� An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[672].� Graf von Bidgau: "Hludowicus�rex" donated property "villam Fao in pago Bedense et in comitatu Leuthardi" to Kloster Gorze by charter dated 10 May 879[673].�

26. LIETARD [III] (-before 981).� "Fredericus�Lothariensium Dux" confirmed donations of property at Murecourt to Bouxi�res by charter dated 26 Oct 966, signed by "Teutberti comitis, Lictardi comitis, Widonis comitis�"[674].� Archbishop Egbert donated property "de beneficio Luthardi comitis�mortuo sine herede" to St Paul at Trier by charter dated 981[675].� same person as...?� LIUTHARD (-after 967).� Wicfred Chorbishop of Trier donated "de rebus proprietatis mee in pago Muslense in marcha Burense in comitatu Bedens" [Bidburg] to Trier St. Maria �per manus advocati mei Liuthardi� by charter dated 967, witnessed by �Tangardi comitis, Liutardi comitis, --- comitis, Huodilberti advocati...�[676].�

27. LIUTOLF (-after 1000).� A charter (now lost, evidence of which exists only in later French translation) confirms the foundation in 1000 of the abbey of Honcourt [Hugeshoffen] by "le Comte Wuher d�Ortemburg" and records donations to the monastery of "trois �glises paroissiales en Lorraine" by "le comte Lutolf et le pr�tre Donutus"[677].�

28. ODACRE [II] (-after 16 Jun 958).� �Hamedeus comes palatii et advocate, Odocari comitis�� subscribed a charter dated 936 under which Adalbero Bishop of Metz restored land at Moivron to Gorze Abbey[678].� �Regimbaldus comes� donated �Maurivillam in comitatu Salnini� to Metz Saint-Arnoul by charter dated 16 Jun 958, signed by "Fredelind� conjugis eiusdem Regimbaldi, Teutberti comitis, Odacri comitis�"[679].�

29. OTTO (-19 Jun, after 900).� Otto�s county has not been ascertained, although the sources quoted below suggest that it was in Upper Lotharingia.� The Kalendarium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis records the death "XIV Kal Jul" of "Otto comes venerabilis qui dedit fratribus Haraudi montem, Bresadi villam, Samepodium"[680].� The necrology of Verdun Cathedral records the death "XIII Kal" of "Otto comes qui dedit fratribus Haraudi montem"[681].� m firstly ---.� No proof has been found of this first marriage.� However, it is likely that Otto married before marrying Queen Theoderada, who would presumably have been rather old to have been chosen as his first wife.� m [secondly] (898 or after) as her second husband, THEODERADA, widow of EUDES King of France, daughter of ---.� "Odo�rex" confirmed the possessions of "monasterio Vedastino" by charter dated 21 May [891/92] which names "coniux nostra Theoderada"[682].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[683], she was Theoderada, [daughter of Adelramn [II]].� The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.� Settipani says that it has no historical basis[684].� Her second marriage is confirmed by the Kalendarium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis, which records the death "XIV Kal Jul" of "Otto comes venerabilis qui dedit fratribus Haraudi montem, Bresadi villam, Samepodium"[685], read together with the necrology of Verdun Cathedral which records the death "XV Kal Nov" of "Theudrada regina et postea sancti monialis qui cum viro suo Hattone dedit fratribus Haraldi montem"[686].� These two sources make it clear that "viro suo Hattone" named in the second cannot refer to Eudes King of France, who would not have been called "Otto comes" in the first, and in any case is recorded in other sources as having died on 3 Jan (in 898).�

30. ROGER (-1 Jan ----).� The necrology of Gorze records the death "Kal Jan" of "Rogerus comes"[687].�

31. SEGOLD (-after 886).� "Segoldus comes" subscribed a charter dated 886 issued by Robert Bishop of Metz[688].�

32. SIEGHARD (-after 5 Jan 848).� "Sigardum comitem" exchanged property "in pago Bedinse�et in pago Lobodungaui" with the abbot of Pr�m by charter dated 12 Nov 826[689].� A charter dated 5 Jan 848 records an exchange of property "in pago Chochinguue et in Mulehgouue" between Hatto Abbot of Fulda and "Sigehardus comes", subscribed by "Gerharti comitis, Sigifridi comitis"[690].�

33. SIEGRICH (-after 20 Dec 866).� "Matron� Hildild�" donated property to the abbey of Pr�m by charter dated 20 Dec 866 which names "Irimifridus et Sigiricus comites necnon et Guntbertus atque Hadabaldus"[691].�

34. SIEGRICH (-after 966).� "Sigericus cum coniuge mea Betta" founded the abbey of Vergaville "in comitatu Saraburg ubi�Odacher�pr�esse, in villa Widirgo Deldorf", including donations of property "in comitatu Dextroch ubi Teodebertus pr�sidet�in comitatu Mortisna ubi Regimboldus pr�est�", with the consent of "filio nostro Deoderico", by charter dated 966, signed by "Sigerici comitis, Domin� Bett�, Odachri comitis�Theotberti comitis�" and sworn by "Lambertus filius ipsorum�ad vicem Cancellarii"[692].� m BETTA, daughter of --- (-after 966).� "Sigericus cum coniuge mea Betta" founded the abbey of Vergaville "in comitatu Saraburg ubi�Odacher�pr�esse, in villa Widirgo Deldorf", including donations of property "in comitatu Dextroch ubi Teodebertus pr�sidet�in comitatu Mortisna ubi Regimboldus pr�est�", with the consent of "filio nostro Deoderico", by charter dated 966, signed by "Sigerici comitis, Domin� Bett�, Odachri comitis�Theotberti comitis�" and sworn by "Lambertus filius ipsorum�ad vicem Cancellarii"[693].� Siegrich & his wife had two children:�

a) DIETRICH .� "Sigericus cum coniuge mea Betta" founded the abbey of Vergaville "in comitatu Saraburg ubi�Odacher�pr�esse, in villa Widirgo Deldorf", including donations of property "in comitatu Dextroch ubi Teodebertus pr�sidet�in comitatu Mortisna ubi Regimboldus pr�est�", with the consent of "filio nostro Deoderico", by charter dated 966, signed by "Sigerici comitis, Domin� Bett�, Odachri comitis�Theotberti comitis�" and sworn by "Lambertus filius ipsorum�ad vicem Cancellarii"[694].�

b) LAMBERT .� "Sigericus cum coniuge mea Betta" founded the abbey of Vergaville "in comitatu Saraburg ubi�Odacher�pr�esse, in villa Widirgo Deldorf", including donations of property "in comitatu Dextroch ubi Teodebertus pr�sidet�in comitatu Mortisna ubi Regimboldus pr�est�", with the consent of "filio nostro Deoderico", by charter dated 966, signed by "Sigerici comitis, Domin� Bett�, Odachri comitis�Theotberti comitis�" and sworn by "Lambertus filius ipsorum�ad vicem Cancellarii"[695].�

35. TANCRED (-after 967).� Wicfred Chorbishop of Trier donated "de rebus proprietatis mee in pago Muslense in marcha Burense in comitatu Bedens" [Bidburg] to Trier St. Maria �per manus advocati mei Liuthardi� by charter dated 967, witnessed by �Tangardi comitis, Liutardi comitis, --- comitis, Huodilberti advocati...�[696].�

36. THIETMAR .� "Rihdaht" donated property to �monasterium Sancte Marie condonabo infra Confluentie castellum penes Moselle ripam� [Koblenz St. Florian] by charter dated to the 10th century, witnessed by �...Thiedmari comitis et eiusdem monasterii advocati, Ruoderici, Warmundi, Walbrehdi comitis...�[697].�

37. WALBRECHT .� "Rihdaht" donated property to �monasterium Sancte Marie condonabo infra Confluentie castellum penes Moselle ripam� [Koblenz St. Florian] by charter dated to the 10th century, witnessed by �...Thiedmari comitis et eiusdem monasterii advocati, Ruoderici, Warmundi, Walbrehdi comitis...�[698].�

38. WERNER (-after 986).� "Varneri comitis, Richardi comitis�" witnessed the charter dated 986 under which G�rard Bishop of Toul donated the church of Andelier to the abbey of Saint-Mansuy[699].�

Two siblings, parents not known:�

39. WETEL (-after 995).� "Berta" donated property "in villa Rodena sita in pago Sarensi in comitatu Waldrauingensi" to St Ludwin in Metlach naming "defuncti coniugis mei Volkmeri" by charter dated 995 witnessed by "Wetel comes et nepos eius Wetel�"[700].�

40. --- .� m ---.� One child:�

a) WETEL (-after 995).� "Berta" donated property "in villa Rodena sita in pago Sarensi in comitatu Waldrauingensi" to St Ludwin in Metlach naming "defuncti coniugis mei Volkmeri" by charter dated 995 witnessed by "Wetel comes et nepos eius Wetel�"[701].�

41. WIDERGELD (-after [968]).� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Ansfridi comitis�curtam Feldrike" to "comite�Uuidergeld" by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated end-968[702].�

42. WIDELO (-after 13 Aug 1005).� King Heinrich II donated "decimam ex Walecre et Goslar et Trutmannie...villas...Soron et Salmaniam [Salm] in pago Liuwa [Li�ge?] in comitatu--- sitas, Neroldeshausen [Heroldeshausen?]...sitam in pago Natresgauwe in comitatu Widelonis, Horcheim insuper in pago Colingauwe et comitatu---, Kivenheim...in pago Meinuelt et comitatu Bethelini" to Aachen by charter dated 13 Aug 1005[703].�

B.�� 11th CENTURY

1. ARNULF (-after 1053).� Archbishop Poppo restored the monastery of St Matheus to Trier by charter dated 2 Sep 1038, witnessed by "Dux Gozelo et comes Gozelo, comes Arnulfus, comes Sigebodo�"[704].� Archbishop Eberhard of Trier donated property to the church of M�nster-Meinefeld by charter dated 1052, subscribed by "Bertolfi comitis, Arnolfi comitis, Theoderici advocati, Sigefridi comitis, Gerlaci comitis, Stephani comitis"[705].� "Anshelmus�coniuge mee Abba" donated property to St Simeon at Trier, with the consent of "filiorumque meorum", by charter dated 1053, subscribed by "Arnolfus comes"[706].�

2. BERNHER (-after 1093).� Otto Abbot of Werden confirmed the donation of "ecclesie�Dale�[et] ecclesie�Lopenhild" made by "nobilis�Thuringus�et uxori sue�Reinguiz�et filie�Bertrade", after his only son was killed in battle "contra Fresones", by charter dated 1093, signed at "Mulenheim in placito Bernheri comitis, suscipiente traditionem comite de Cleve Thiderico, vice advocati ecclesie nostre Adolfi qui tunc temporis puer erat" and witnessed by "comes Thiedericus�"[707].�

3. GERHARD (-after 15 Apr 1064).� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed an exchange of property between Udo Bishop of Toul and the abbot of Kornelim�nster by charter dated 15 Apr 1064 witnessed by "�comes Gerardus, item comes Gerardus�"[708].�

4. WERN[ER] .� m ---.� The name of Wern[er]�s wife is not known.� Wern[er] & his wife had one child:�

a) HAULD (-after 1102).� Friedrich [I] Archbishop of K�ln confirmed the property of Kloster Siegburg, including donations made by "comitis Hauldi filio Wern", by charter dated 1102 witnessed by "Adalbertus comes et advocatus�"[709].�

5. RICHIZO --- .� He is named by Alpertus when recording his son "Godizo, Richizonis filius"[710].� Vanderkindere suggests that Richizo was the same person as Richer Comte de Li�ge, basing his suggestion it seems only on the similarity of the two names [711].� m ---, daughter of [--- [Billung] & his wife ---].� Alpertus names "Godizo, Richizonis filius" as "consanguineus" of the sisters Liutgard and Adela[712].� This would be explained if, as shown here, their father Wichmann [IV] was the son of an otherwise unknown sister of Duke Hermann Billung (see below) and Richizo's wife was also related to the duke's family although the precise nature of this relationship is speculation.� Richizo & his wife had two children:�

a) GODIZO (-after [1022]).� Alpertus names "Godizo, Richizonis filius" as "consanguineus" of the sisters Liutgard and Adela[713].� Godizo is referred to in a later passage as "propinquus venerabilis Liutgard� et uxoris Baldrici, moriens Hengibach et Aspolam in Gerhardi fidem, quia propinquus erat, ut uxorem et filias eius parvulus nutriret, tradidit" and "Gerhardus vero Aspolam, quia proxima erat, Baldrico commisit, et Hengibach vidu�, suis custodies adhibitis, tueri iussit"[714].� However, it is more likely that Godizo and Gerhard were relatives of the sisters Liutgard and Adela on their father's side than their mother's, most of whose Flanders relatives appear to be reasonably well identified.� "Henricus�rex" granted property "inter flumina�Nit�Thila�Wauerwald in comitatu Gotizonis comitis qui Antwerk dicitur situm" to "nostrum bestiarum Baldrico sanct� Leodicensis ecclesi� presul nec non Baldrico comiti" by charter dated 12 Sep 1008[715].� The Vita Meinwerci records a donation (undated, but with other donations dated [1022]) of "comes�Godizo" with the consent of "coniugis su� Addil� ac sororis su� heredis iustissim�", witnessed by "Liudolfi, Udonis, Hiddonis, Acca comitum"[716].� This text implies that Godizo and his wife had no surviving children at the date of this donation.� m ADELA de Verdun, daughter of GODEFROI Comte de Verdun & his wife Mathilde of Saxony [Billung].� The Vita Meinwerci records a donation (undated, but with other donations dated [1022]) of "comes�Godizo" with the consent of "coniugis su� Addil� ac sororis su� heredis iustissim�", witnessed by "Liudolfi, Udonis, Hiddonis, Acca comitum"[717].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified.� Godizo & his wife had [one possible child]:�

i) [IRMGARD von Aspel (-before [1022]).� The primary source which confirms Irmgard's origin has not so far been identified.� However, the Vita Meinwerci records a donation (undated, but with other donations dated [1022]) of "comes�Godizo" with the consent of "coniugis su� Addil� ac sororis su� heredis iustissim�", witnessed by "Liudolfi, Udonis, Hiddonis, Acca comitum"[718], which suggests that any children of Godizo predeceased their father.� m [as his first wife,] BERTHOLD von Walbeck, son of LOTHAR I Markgraf der Nordmark [Walbeck] & his wife Godila [von Rothenburg] (-1018 or after).� Thietmar names "Berthold, Liuthar's son", when recording that he killed Baldric "a most excellent vassal of Count Wichmann" at Burg Monreberg in [1 Apr] 1017[719], although it is not clear that this is Baldric, husband of Adela, given the contrast with Thietmar's early uncomplimentary descriptions of the latter.� If the relationships are as shown here, Adela, wife of Baldric, was the first cousin of Berthold's father-in-law.]�

b) daughter (-after [1022]).� She was the heiress of her brother Godizo.� The Vita Meinwerci records a donation (undated, but with other donations dated [1022]) of "comes�Godizo" with the consent of "coniugis su� Addil� ac sororis su� heredis iustissim�", witnessed by "Liudolfi, Udonis, Hiddonis, Acca comitum"[720].� Her name has not been found in any of the primary sources so far consulted.�

6. --- .� m MATHILDE, daughter of --- (-2 Jan ----).� The necrology of Verdun Cathedral records the death "IV Non Jan" of "Matildis comitissa"[721].� The Kalendarium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis records the death "IV Non Jan" of "Mathildis matris Henrici archidiaconi"[722].�

a) HENRI (-28 Sep ----).� Archdeacon of Verdun.� The Kalendarium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis records the death "IV Non Jan" of "Mathildis matris Henrici archidiaconi"[723].� The necrology of Verdun Cathedral records the death "IV Kal Oct" of "Henricus archid. et can. Sancte Mari�"[724].�

Chapter 4.�� SAXON NOBILITY

The disparate development of Saxony as a territory, contrasting with the more centralised evolution which is characteristic of the other ancient German provinces in particular Bavaria, is discussed in the introduction to the document SAXONY, DUKES & ELECTORS.� Early sources reveal the names of numerous counts in Saxony between the 9th and 11th centuries, details of whom are set out in this chapter.� The sparse amount of information in contemporary primary sources on the family relationships of this early nobility is striking, rendering reliable family reconstruction virtually impossible.� It also means that the process by which titles and territories in Saxony were transmitted between generations is unclear.� It is reasonable to suppose that, just as in later centuries, the nobility was a close-knit community and that their successors in the 11th century onwards were descendants of their 9th and 10th century counterparts.� However, only two examples have so far been found of proven family connections between these early individuals and later noble families in Saxony, the Grafen von Querfurt (see the document SAXONY NOBILITY) and the Markgrafen von Meissen (see MEISSEN).� The three most prominent Saxon families in the 8th to 10th centuries, those of Widukind, Liudolf and Hermann Billung, are not mentioned in this chapter but are dealt with fully in the document SAXONY, DUKES & ELECTORS.�

A.�� 9th and 10th CENTURIES

1. AGILHARD (-after 888).� "Arnolfus�rex" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Ridigippi by "comes Agilhardus simulque filia eius Merisvit abbatissa" by charter dated 888[725].� m ---.� The name of Agilhard's wife is not known.� Agilhard & his wife had one child:

a) MERISVIT (-after 888).� "Arnolfus�rex" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Ridigippi by "comes Agilhardus simulque filia eius Merisvit abbatissa" by charter dated 888[726].� Abbess of Kloster Ridigippi.�

2. AGILHARD (-after 9 Sep 991).� "Otto�rex" made donations of property to the church at Minden by charter dated 9 Sep 991, naming "Berenhardi ducis et fratris sui Liutgeri atque Ailhardi comitis"[727].�

3. ALBERIC (-after 25 Apr 859).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "quas Folcheri fidelis noster actemus in beneficium tenuit in ducatu Uuestfalorum, coniacentes in pagis Grainga et Threcuuiti nec non in comitatibus Burchardi, Uualtberti, et Albrici atque Letti" to Kloster Herford by charter dated 25 Apr 859[728].�

4. ALBO (-after 15 Apr 950).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the rights and privileges of Kloster Engern including property "Agilmari in pago Uelue in comitatu Lingeri comitis�Bobbontenini in pago Logni in comitatu Albonis�Hoianusini in pago Arpesfelt in comitatu Uuychardi comitis" by charter dated 15 Apr 950[729].�

5. AVAN (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[730].�

6. BANZLEIB (-after 14 Dec 840).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "in pago Guottinga in villa Amplidi" which "Banzleibs comes in beneficium hactenus habeat" by charter dated 14 Dec 840[731].�

7. BARDO (-after [826/53]).� "Bardo comes" witnessed the donation of property "in pago Mesweddi" by "Cobbo", for the soul of "nepotis sui Amelung" (then deceased), to the monastery of Corbey, dated to [826/53][732].�

8. BARDO (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[733].�

9. BARDO (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[734].�

10. BARDO (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[735].�

Three brothers, parents not known:�

11. BARDO (-after 1 Jul 912).� "Chuonradus�rex" made a donation of property "in pago Husitin et in comitatu Bardonis�curtem Dribura�et in pago Loganacgouue�in comitatu Ottonis fratris nostri" to Kloster Fulda on the intervention of "genitricis nostr� Glismod�" by charter dated 1 Jul 912[736].� The sources for the reconstruction of this family group are set out by Jackman[737].�

12. son .� m ---.� Two children:�

a) WICHBERT (-after 986).� �Bardo� donated one family �in Pathi� to Corvey monastery �pro fratre suo Wybert�[738].� 978/86.� Bardo and his brother Wigbert are named in 986.�

b) BARDO (-after 986).� �Bardo� donated one family �in Pathi� to Corvey monastery �pro fratre suo Wybert�[739].� �Bardo� donated two families �in Beuerbiki, alteram in Telmeri� to Corvey monastery �pro patruo suo Walberto�[740].� �Walhberctus� donated a family �in Langelaua� to Corvey monastery �pro filio fratris sui Bardo�[741].� 978/86.�

13. WALTBERT (-after [986]).� �Walhberctus� donated a family �in Langelaua� to Corvey monastery �pro filio fratris sui Bardo�[742].�

14. BERENGAR (-after 876).� King Ludwig "der J�ngere" granted property "in villa Uallidi in pago Asson in comitatu Berengarii" to the church of Verden by charter dated 876[743].�

15. BERNHARD (-before 23 Nov 968).� m BERTHA, daughter of --- (-after 23 Nov 968).� A spurious charter dated 23 Nov 968 records that Emperor Otto I confirmed the foundation of Kloster Borghorst by "Bertha relicta vidua quondam nobilis fidelis nostri Bernhardi comitis in Borchorst�cum filia sua Hathwiga"[744].� Bernhard & his wife had one child:�

a) HADWIGA (-after 23 Nov 968).� A spurious charter dated 23 Nov 968 records that Emperor Otto I confirmed the foundation of Kloster Borghorst by "Bertha relicta vidua quondam nobilis fidelis nostri Bernhardi comitis in Borchorst�cum filia sua Hathwiga"[745].�

16. BERNHARD .� �Bernhardus comes� donated two families to Corvey monastery �pro uxore eius Hathli�[746].� m HATHLI, daughter of ---.� �Bernhardus comes� donated two families to Corvey monastery �pro uxore eius Hathli�[747].�

17. BEVO .� "Bevo" made a donation "cum consensus uxoris su� et filiorum suorum Meinhardi, Liutgeri, Rodulfi"[748].� m ---.� The name of Bevo's wife is not known.� Bevo & his wife had three children:

a) MEINHARD .� "Bevo" made a donation "cum consensus uxoris su� et filiorum suorum Meinhardi, Liutgeri, Rodulfi"[749].�

b) LIUTGER .� "Bevo" made a donation "cum consensus uxoris su� et filiorum suorum Meinhardi, Liutgeri, Rodulfi"[750].�

c) RUDOLF .� "Bevo" made a donation "cum consensus uxoris su� et filiorum suorum Meinhardi, Liutgeri, Rodulfi"[751].�

18. BIO [Binizo] (-killed in battle [990/1002]).� Graf at Merseburg.� Thietmar records that "Count Binizo" fought in the campaign against the Slavs, and against the Poles in [990][752].� Thietmar records that Count Bio of Merseburg died during a military expedition and that Dedo [I] (Wettin) succeeded him[753], which must be dated from the context to [990/1002].�

19. BRUNO, son of --- (-30 Nov 978).� Graf von Arneburg.�

-�� GRAFEN von QUERFURT, SAXONY NOBILITY.�

20. BRUNO (-after 19 Jan 991).� "Otto�rex" made donations to Kloster Vitzenburg founded by "nobilis vir Brun�et eius coniunx Adilint in civitate sua Vizenburg" by charter dated 19 Jan 991[754].� m ADLINT, daughter of ---.� "Otto�rex" made donations to Kloster Vitzenburg founded by "nobilis vir Brun�et eius coniunx Adilint in civitate sua Vizenburg" by charter dated 19 Jan 991[755].�

Two brothers, parents not known:�

21. BRUNO (-after [Jan 983]).� "Miles domnus Brun�cum sua nepte Id�" made a donation "pro remedio anim� fratris sui Thiatmari"[756], probably dated before Jan 983 as one of the witnesses was "Ymmidi comitis" whose death is recorded on that date.� "D�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor by charter dated 14 Sep (no year), the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation[757].� m WENDELBURGIS, daughter of ---.� "Miles Bruno" made a donation "cum consensu Wendelburgis su� coniugis"[758], although it is not certain that this is the same Bruno.�

22. THIETMAR (-before [Jan 983]).� "Miles domnus Brun�cum sua nepte Id�" made a donation "pro remedio anim� fratris sui Thiatmari"[759].� m ---.� The name of Thietmar's wife is not known.� Thietmar & his wife had one child:�

a) [IDA (-after [1029/30]).� "Miles domnus Brun�cum sua nepte Id�" made a donation "pro remedio anim� fratris sui Thiatmari"[760].� The most likely interpretation of this document is that Ida was the daughter of the deceased Thietmar.� "D�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor by charter dated 14 Sep (no year), the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation[761].� "Amulungo et fratre eius Ekberto" witnessed a donation of property dated "18 Kal Oct [1029]" by "Brun comes cum uxore sua Ida"[762].� m BRUNO, son of --- (-after [1029/30]).]�

23. BURKHARD (-after 25 Apr 859).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "in ducatu Saxonico�in pagis Dreini et Boroctra�in comitatibus Burchardi et Uuarini coniacentes�in Seliheim�et in Stockheim" to Kloster Herford by charter dated 13 Jun 858[763].� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "quas Folcheri fidelis noster actemus in beneficium tenuit in ducatu Uuestfalorum, coniacentes in pagis Grainga et Threcuuiti nec non in comitatibus Burchardi, Uualtberti, et Albrici atque Letti" to Kloster Herford by charter dated 25 Apr 859[764].�

Brother and sister, parents not known:�

24. BURKHARD .� Graf im Liesgau.�

25. BERTHA .� m WALDERED, son of [Graf IMMED [II] & his wife --- (-984 or after).�

26. SIEGBERT .� m ---.� Siegbert & his wife had one child:�

a) BURKHARD .� �Borchardus comes� donated one family �in Hrotwardeshusen� to Corvey monastery �pro patre suo Siberto�[765].�

27. BURKHARD (-after 13 Feb 962).� "Otto�imperator augustus" confirmed the appointment of Pope John XII by charter dated 13 Feb 962, signed by "Eberharti comitis, Guntharii comitis, Burgharti comitis, Utonis comitis, Cuonrates comitis, Ernustes"[766].�

28. CHRISTIAN (-after 945, maybe 961).� "Gysalbertus dux rectorque S. Traiectenses ecclesie" donated property "Gulisam�in pago [Ardunensi] in comitatu Everhardi" to Trier by charter dated 928, subscribed by "Walgeri comitis, Thiedrici comitis, Cristiani comitis, Folcoldi comitis"[767].� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names "Cristiano marchione" as husband of "Hidda"[768].� "Otto�rex" granted property "in pago Nordthuringia in comitatu Thietmari in Magedeburg�in comitatu Geronis in Bigera�in comitatu Crhistiani in Grimhereslebu" for the foundation of Magdeburg by charter dated 21 Sep 937, and other property "in pago Nordthuringa in comitatu Cristiani in Grimersleba" by charter dated 11 Oct 937[769].� Graf im Nordth�ringau.� "Otto�rex" granted property in "pago Seromunti in comitatu eiusdem Cristani" to "nostro marchioni�Cristan" by charter dated 1 May 945[770].� "Otto�rex" granted property "Hebesheim in pago Derlingum in comitatu Brunonis" to Moritzkirche, Magdeburg by undated charter, but dated to [951/57] as it names "coniugis nostr� Aelheidis�filii nostri Liudolfi", in the presence of "eiusdem Brunonis comitis filiique Liudolfi, Geronis marchionis, Cristiani comitis nec non Liutharii et Friderici comitum" [771].� Thietmar records that "Count Christian" was buried at Magdeburg[772].� Part of the same passage refers to 961 but it is not possible from the context to conclude that Christian certainly died in that year.�

-�� MARKGRAFEN von MEISSEN.�

29. CHRISTIAN (-after 10 Apr 970).� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "in villa Blidungen in pago Helmengouw in comitatu Christiani comitis" to the Nonnenkloster Nordhausen by charter dated 10 Apr 970[773].�

30. COBBO (-after 10 Nov 848).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed the immunities of the church at Osnabr�ck by charter dated 10 Nov 848 which names "Cobbone comite"[774].�

31. COBBO (-after 15 Jan 947).� A treaty between Heinrich I King of Germany and Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks dated 7 Nov 921 was signed "ex parte regis Heinrici" by "comitum�Cobbo�"[775].� A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between King Charles III and King Heinrich I names "Evrardus, Chonradus, Herimannus, Hato, Godefredus, Otto, Herimannus, Cobbo, Magenhardus, Fridericus, Foldac" as representatives of the latter[776].� "Otto�rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[777].�

Two sisters, parents not known:�

32. daughter .� The wife of Markgraf Thietmar and the mother of the first wife of Heinrich I King of Germany were sisters, as shown by Widukind who records the wife of Eberwin as matertera of "Sigifridi", son of Thietmar[778].� Jackman proposes a Konradiner origin, based it would seem only on onomastics.� He also suggests that the wife of Markgraf Thietmar was named JUDITH, quoting the Memorial book lists of Reichenau (two) and St Gallen (one) all of which name (in order) "�Gero, Iudita�", on the assumption that this refers to Gero's mother rather than his wife, although the latter would be more normal in such lists[779].� m THIETMAR I Markgraf, son of --- (-1 Jun 932).��

33. daughter .� The wife of Markgraf Thietmar and the mother of the first wife of Heinrich I King of Germany were sisters, as shown by Widukind who records the wife of Eberwin as matertera of "Sigifridi", son of Thietmar[780].� However, their Konradiner origin is speculative, suggested by Jackson, based it would seem only on the onomastics of the descendants of Markgraf Thietmar.� m EBERWIN, son of --- (-before 906).� Thietmar refers to "lord Erwin" as holder of the largest part of Merseburg "which we call the old city" and implies that he had died before the second marriage of his daughter Hatheburg[781].�

34. DIETRICH (-985).� Markgraf �ber den Gau der Heveller [Nordmark] 968/981.� The Annalista Saxo records that "Teoderici ducis et marchionis" was deprived of the dignity in favour of Lothar after the Slavs destroyed the churches of "Branneburch et Havelbergan" and relapsed into paganism[782].� He was deposed in 983.� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 985 of "Deiterih marchio"[783].�

-�� MARKGRAFEN der NORDMARK.�

35. DODICO (-after 10 Jan 955).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation by "matrone Helmburhe" of Kloster Fischbeck for the soul of "Ricperhti domini sui et Richarddi et Aelfdehe filii sui", including property "in pago Tilithi in comitatu Hirimanni�iterum in pago Merstem in comitatu eiusdem comitis�et in pago Laginga�in comitatu Dodicon et in pago Vuestfala in comitatu Henrici comitis�et in comitatu Hroduuerkes�et in comitatu Vuirinhardi", by charter dated 10 Jan 955[784].�

36. EBERWIN (-before 906).� Thietmar refers to "lord Erwin" as holder of the largest part of Merseburg "which we call the old city" and implies that he had died before the second marriage of his daughter Hatheburg[785].� m ---, sister-in-law of Markgraf THIETMAR, daughter of ---.� The wife of Markgraf Thietmar and the mother of the first wife of Heinrich I King of Germany were sisters, as shown by Widukind who records the wife of Eberwin as matertera of "Sigifridi", son of Thietmar[786].� However, their Konradiner origin is speculative, suggested by Jackson, based it would seem only on the onomastics of the descendants of Markgraf Thietmar.� Eberwin & his wife had two children:�

a) HATHEBURG .� Thietmar names Hatheburg as daughter of "lord Erwin", specifying that she was widowed (without naming her first husband), when recording her marriage to Heinrich [787].� Widukind records the mother of "Thancmari" as "filia materter� Sigifridi"[788].� She had become a nun after the death of her first husband, which presumably provided the reason for "the outrage perpetrated through this marriage" and the basis for her separation from her second husband although it is not explicitly expressed as such by Thietmar[789].� m firstly ---.� m secondly (906, divorced 909) as his first wife, HEINRICH Graf, son of OTTO "dem Erlauchten" Graf im S�dth�ringau & Hedwig [Babenberg] ([876]-Memleben 2 Jul 936, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche).� He was elected HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany at Fritzlar 6 May 919.�

b) daughter .� Thietmar refers to the two daughters of Eberwin inheriting his holding in Merseburg when he died[790].� No further information has been found concerning this second unnamed daughter.�

37. EKBERT (-after 7 Dec 892).� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Huueitago in comitatibus Ecperti et Reithardi et Herimanni et in locis Piringisamarca, Schidara, Adkenhusen et Muchohusen" to Kloster Corvey by charter dated 20 Aug 889[791].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Tilgid� in Uuange et Uisbecch� ac in Marstein nec non in Chirihdorf seu in Steteheim in Barthunga in Uuersteti ac in Alaringi in Lohinga" to "comiti nostro Ecbreht" by charter dated 30 Jun 892, and other properties "terminos pagorum Tilithi, Marstheim, Lainga, Bardanga" by charter dated 7 Dec 892[792].�

38. EKKEHARD (-8 Jun 871).� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "871 VI Id Jun" of "Eggihart com"[793].�

39. EKKEHARD (-after (mid-950]).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[794].� "Otto�rex" confirmed the transfer of Herrieden Abbey to the bishopric of Eichst�dt at the request of "nostro fratre Brunone et Ekehardo comite" by undated charter which is inserted in the compilation with other charters dated mid-950[795].� It is not certain that the latter charter refers to the same Graf Ekkehard as the former: Eichst�tt is within Bavaria, whereas Essen is in the southern part of the ancient duchy of Saxony.� m RICHILD, daughter of ---.� "Otto�rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[796].�

Brother and sister:�

40. ENNO .� �Enno comes� donated property �in Theutmareshusen� to Corvey monastery for the soul of �sororis sue Cunihild�[797].�

41. GUNHILD .� �Enno comes� donated property �in Theutmareshusen� to Corvey monastery for the soul of �sororis sue Cunihild�[798].�

42. ESIKO [I] (-18 May 965).� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "965 XV Kal Iun" of "Asic com"[799].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "18 May" of "Esic com"[800].�

43. ESIKO [II] (-L�bschtz 1004, bur Merseburg St Johann).� Thietmar records that "Count Binizo" fought in the campaign against the Poles in [990][801].� Thietmar records that "the venerable Count Esiko�died in L�bschtz after a long illness", was buried in Merseburg "next to the church of St John the Baptist", and that Heinrich II King of Germany conceded comital rights over Merseburg to "Burchard"[802], dated to 1004.�

44. FOLCWART (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[803].�

Two brothers, parents not known:�

45. FRIEDRICH (-after [850/860]).� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "comes Friderich cum fratre Adalger" and Friedrich's wife "Pia"[804], the text recording their visit to St Liudbirg, so datable to the mid-9th century.� m PIA ---.�

46. ADALGER (-after [850/60]).� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "comes Friderich cum fratre Adalger" and Friedrich's wife "Pia"[805], the text recording their visit to St Liudbirg, so datable to the mid-9th century.�

47. FRIEDRICH (-after 13 Apr 928).� Heinrich I King of Germany granted property "in comitatu Fridarici in villa Enchoua�et in villa Mengide" to "Vuilliburg� fideli nostr� ministeriali" by charter dated 13 Apr 928[806].�

48. FRIEDRICH (-after 15 Jul 961).� "Otto�rex" granted property "prope fluvium Fona in pago Serimuntilante�in comitatu Cristiani comitis villas Vuizekiani, Bodblozi, Zachliandorp, Pohchutikie" to "nostri fidelis vassalli Fridurici filiis, Folcmaro et Richberto" by charter dated 11 Jun 945[807].� "Otto�rex" granted property "Hebesheim in pago Derlingum in comitatu Brunonis" to Moritzkirche, Magdeburg by undated charter, but dated to [951/57] as it names "coniugis nostr� Aelheidis�filii nostri Liudolfi", in the presence of "eiusdem Brunonis comitis filiique Liudolfi, Geronis marchionis, Cristiani comitis nec non Liutharii et Friderici comitum"[808].� "Otto�rex" granted property "in comitatu Friturici comitis" to Kloster Quedlinburg by charter dated 15 Jul 961[809].� m ---.� The name of Friedrich's wife is not known.� Friedrich & his wife had [three] children:

a) VOLKMAR (-after 11 Jun 945).� "Otto�rex" granted property "prope fluvium Fona in pago Serimuntilante�in comitatu Cristiani comitis villas Vuizekiani, Bodblozi, Zachliandorp, Pohchutikie" to "nostri fidelis vassalli Fridurici filiis, Folcmaro et Richberto" by charter dated 11 Jun 945[810].� Posse suggests that Volkmar was the father of Ricdag Markgraf von Meissen[811].�

b) RICBERT (-after 11 Jun 945).� "Otto�rex" granted property "prope fluvium Fona in pago Serimuntilante�in comitatu Cristiani comitis villas Vuizekiani, Bodblozi, Zachliandorp, Pohchutikie" to "nostri fidelis vassalli Fridurici filiis, Folcmaro et Richberto" by charter dated 11 Jun 945[812].�

c) [daughter .� Posse indicates her parentage and marriage[813].� m DEDI Graf [im Hassegau], son of --- (-14 Mar 957).]�

49. GERICH (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[814].�

50. GUNDABER (-16 Jun 925).� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "925 XVI Kal Jun" of "Gundeberi com"[815].�

51. GUNTRAM (-25 Dec [945/65]).� The Liber Memoriales of Remiremont records the death "VIII Kal Jan" of "domnus Guntramnus comes", undated but in the early part of the Liber so probably datable to the late 9th century[816].�

52. HERMANN (-after 18 Feb 913).� "Chuonradus�rex" made donations by charter dated 5 Mar 912 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Sigihardi, Arnolfi, Erchangarii, Odalrici, Perchtoldi, Chuonradi, Herimanni, Luitfredi atque Iringi"[817].� "Chuonradus�rex" granted property to the nuns at Merwede by charter dated 18 Feb 913 at the request of "Heriman�comes"[818].� Merwede appears to have been in or near the territory of the future county of Werl (see SAXON NOBILITY), although it is not known whether Hermann was related to this family.�

Four siblings, parents not known.�

53. HOHOLD (-after 1 Mar 966).� "Otto�rex" granted property which "Liafgold habet in pago Nihtersi" except that of "Wighardus comes in villa Latterueld" to "fideli nostro vasallo Hoold" by charter dated 949[819].� "Otto�rex" granted protection to Kloster Gesecke built by and at the request of "fidelium nostrorum Hoholti fratrisque eius Prunonis nec non et Friderici sororisque eorum Vuicpurg�" by charter dated 26 Oct 952[820].� "Otto�imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Hooldi comitis in pago Borhtergo" to to the nuns at Essen by charter dated 1 Mar 966[821].�

54. BRUNO (-after 26 Oct 952).� "Otto�rex" granted protection to Kloster Gesecke built by and at the request of "fidelium nostrorum Hoholti fratrisque eius Prunonis nec non et Friderici sororisque eorum Vuicpurg�" by charter dated 26 Oct 952[822].�

55. FRIEDRICH (-after 26 Oct 952).� "Otto�rex" granted protection to Kloster Gesecke built by and at the request of "fidelium nostrorum Hoholti fratrisque eius Prunonis nec non et Friderici sororisque eorum Vuicpurg�" by charter dated 26 Oct 952[823].�

56. WICHPERGA (-after 26 Oct 952).� "Otto�rex" granted protection to Kloster Gesecke built by and at the request of "fidelium nostrorum Hoholti fratrisque eius Prunonis nec non et Friderici sororisque eorum Vuicpurg�" by charter dated 26 Oct 952[824].�

57. HRODRAD (-after 8 Dec [851]).� "Ludowicus�rex" granted property "in pago Grainga in villa Kelueri�quod Hrodradus comes habuit" to Kloster Herford by charter dated 8 Dec [851?][825].�

58. HRODWERK (-after 10 Jan 955).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation by "matrone Helmburhe" of Kloster Fischbeck for the soul of "Ricperhti domini sui et Richarddi et Aelfdehe filii sui", including property "in pago Tilithi in comitatu Hirimanni�iterum in pago Merstem in comitatu eiusdem comitis�et in pago Laginga�in comitatu Dodicon et in pago Vuestfala in comitatu Henrici comitis�et in comitatu Hroduuerkes�et in comitatu Vuirinhardi", by charter dated 10 Jan 955[826].�

59. LETTO (-after 25 Apr 859).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "quas Folcheri fidelis noster actemus in beneficium tenuit in ducatu Uuestfalorum, coniacentes in pagis Grainga et Threcuuiti nec non in comitatibus Burchardi, Uualtberti, et Albrici atque Letti" to Kloster Herford by charter dated 25 Apr 859[827].�

60. LINGER (-after 15 Apr 950).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the rights and privileges of Kloster Engern including property "Agilmari in pago Uelue in comitatu Lingeri comitis�Bobbontenini in pago Logni in comitatu Albonis�Hoianusini in pago Arpesfelt in comitatu Uuychardi comitis" by charter dated 15 Apr 950[828].�

61. LIUDOLF (-after 8 Jun 965).� "Otto�rex" granted property "in pago Lere in comitatu Heinrici comitis�in pago autem Hasagovue in comitatu Livtolfi�in pago Agartinga in comitatu Sigiberti" to Kloster Engern by charter dated 14 Jul 947[829].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "Bodinethorpe�in pago Nithaga in comitatu Luidolfi advocati sitam" to Kloster Corvey by charter dated 8 Jun 965[830].�

Two brothers:�

62. LIUDOLF .� "Nobilis Liudolfus" made a donation "cum consensu fratris sui Wickeri et coniugis su� Suanehildis"[831].� m SUANEHILDIS, daughter of ---.�

63. WICKER .� "Nobilis Liudolfus" made a donation "cum consensu fratris sui Wickeri et coniugis su� Suanehildis"[832].�

64. LIUTBERT .� m firstly ---.� The name of Liutbert�s first wife is not known.� m secondly BERTA, daughter of --- (-before 9 Feb 989).� "Otto�rex" named "nobilis matrona Berhta" as founder of "c�nobio Burghurst", after whose death "filiam eius Bertheidem et fidelem nostrum Gisalharium prelibate urbis Parthenopolitane" were in dispute, and "sui patris [=Bertheidem] Liutberti [et] filiis eius Bernhardo et Thuringo", in a charter dated 9 Feb 989[833].� Liutbert & his first wife had two children:�

a) BERNHARD .� "Otto�rex" named "nobilis matrona Berhta" as founder of "c�nobio Burghurst", after whose death "filiam eius Bertheidem et fidelem nostrum Gisalharium prelibate urbis Parthenopolitane" were in dispute, and "sui patris [=Bertheidem] Liutberti [et] filiis eius Bernhardo et Thuringo", in a charter dated 9 Feb 989[834].�

b) THURING .� "Otto�rex" named "nobilis matrona Berhta" as founder of "c�nobio Burghurst", after whose death "filiam eius Bertheidem et fidelem nostrum Gisalharium prelibate urbis Parthenopolitane" were in dispute, and "sui patris [=Bertheidem] Liutberti [et] filiis eius Bernhardo et Thuringo", in a charter dated 9 Feb 989[835].�

Liutbert & his second wife had one child:�

c) BERTHEIDA .� "Otto�rex" named "nobilis matrona Berhta" as founder of "c�nobio Burghurst", after whose death "filiam eius Bertheidem et fidelem nostrum Gisalharium prelibate urbis Parthenopolitane" were in dispute, and "sui patris [=Bertheidem] Liutberti [et] filiis eius Bernhardo et Thuringo", in a charter dated 9 Feb 989[836].�

65. ---.� m ADRED, daughter of --- (-before 13 Sep 936).� "Otto�rex" granted property "monasterium�Vuinothahusun�in pago Harthagao in comitatu Thiadmari�[et] in pago Lainga in comitatu Liudgeri�quicquid hereditatis Adred mater Bardonis domino" to Kloster Quedlinburg by charter dated 13 Sep 936[837].� One child:

a) BARDO (-after 13 Sep 936).� "Otto�rex" granted property "monasterium�Vuinothahusun�in pago Harthagao in comitatu Thiadmari�[et] in pago Lainga in comitatu Liudgeri�quicquid hereditatis Adred mater Bardonis domino" to Kloster Quedlinburg by charter dated 13 Sep 936[838].�

The precise relationship between Liudger and Adred or her husband is not known.� However, Liudger's inheritance of property from Adred shows that it must have been close.�

66. LIUDGER (-after 13 Sep 936).� "Otto�rex" granted property "monasterium�Vuinothahusun�in pago Harthagao in comitatu Thiadmari�[et] in pago Lainga in comitatu Liudgeri�quicquid hereditatis Adred mater Bardonis domino" to Kloster Quedlinburg by charter dated 13 Sep 936[839].�

67. LIUDOLF [Liutolf] (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[840].�

68. LIUTHER [Lothar] .� Late 8th to early/mid-9th century.� m ---.� The name of Lothar's wife is not known.� Lothar & his wife had one child:

a) REGINHILD .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� records the marriage of "Bernhart�" and "filiam Lotharii comitis�Reginhildam", and that she died young[841].� m BERNHARD, son of UNWIN & his wife Gisela ---.�

69. LIUTHER (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[842].�

70. LIUTHER (-22 Jan 964).� "Otto�rex" granted property "Hebesheim in pago Derlingum in comitatu Brunonis" to Moritzkirche, Magdeburg by undated charter, but dated to [951/57] as it names "coniugis nostr� Aelheidis�filii nostri Liudolfi", in the presence of "eiusdem Brunonis comitis filiique Liudolfi, Geronis marchionis, Cristiani comitis nec non Liutharii et Friderici comitum" [843].� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "XII Kal Feb 964" of "Liutharius comes"[844].�

71. MAMACO (-after 23 Apr 966).� "Otto�imperator augustus" donated property "in pagis Derlingon et Nortduringen in comitatu ipsius Mamaconi" to "nostro fideli Mamaconi" at the request of "Theoderici comitis" by charter dated 23 Apr 966[845].�

72. MEGINHARD .� m EVESA, daughter of --- (-after 881).� Regino names "Eberhardus Saxo, filius Meginhardi comitis�mater Evesa" when recording his capture in 881[846].� Meginhard & his wife had two children:�

a) EBERHARD (-murdered 898).� Regino names "Eberhardus Saxo, filius Meginhardi comitis�mater Evesa" when recording his capture in 881[847].� Regino records that "Everhardi comitis" killed "Godefridi" in 885[848].� Duke [of Frisia] 885.� Regino records that "Everhardi comitis" killed "Godefridi" in 885[849].� Regino records that "Eworhardus dux, filius Meginhardi" was hunted out and killed in 898 "a Waltgario Fresone, filio Gerulfi" and that the emperor granted "ducatus" to "Meginhardo fratri"[850].�

b) MEGINHARD .� Regino records that "Eworhardus dux, filius Meginhardi" was hunted out and killed in 898 "a Waltgario Fresone, filio Gerulfi" and that the emperor granted "ducatus" to "Meginhardo fratri"[851].� Duke [of Frisia] 898.� same person as�?� MEGINHARD ([870/80]-[after 938]).� No direct proof has yet been found confirming the co-identity of these two individuals but it looks highly probable.� A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between King Charles III and King Heinrich I names "Evrardus, Chonradus, Herimannus, Hato, Godefredus, Otto, Herimannus, Cobbo, Magenhardus, Fridericus, Foldac" as representatives of the latter[852].� Graaf van Hamaland.�

-�� GRAVEN van HAMALAND.�

73. RICDAG (-after 13 Jun 873).� "Ludowicus�rex" granted immunities to Kloster Lamspringe, founded by "Riddagus comes eiusque�coniux Imhildis�et filiam suam Ricburgam" by a charter dated 13 Jun 873[853].� m IMHILDIS, daughter of ---.� "Ludowicus�rex" granted immunities to Kloster Lamspringe, founded by "Riddagus comes eiusque�coniux Imhildis�et filiam suam Ricburgam" by a charter dated 13 Jun 873[854].� Ricdag & his wife had one child:� RICBURGA (-after 13 Jun 873).� "Ludowicus�rex" granted immunities to Kloster Lamspringe, founded by "Riddagus comes eiusque�coniux Imhildis�et filiam suam Ricburgam" by a charter dated 13 Jun 873[855].�

74. RICPERT (-before 10 Jan 955).� m HELMBURG, daughter of --- (-after 10 Jan 955).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation by "matrone Helmburhe" of Kloster Fischbeck for the soul of "Ricperhti domini sui et Richarddi et Aelfdehe filii sui", including property "in pago Tilithi in comitatu Hirimanni�iterum in pago Merstem in comitatu eiusdem comitis�et in pago Laginga�in comitatu Dodicon et in pago Vuestfala in comitatu Henrici comitis�et in comitatu Hroduuerkes�et in comitatu Vuirinhardi", by charter dated 10 Jan 955[856].� Ricpert & his wife had two children:�

a) RICHARD (-after 10 Jan 955).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation by "matrone Helmburhe" of Kloster Fischbeck for the soul of "Ricperhti domini sui et Richarddi et Aelfdehe filii sui", including property "in pago Tilithi in comitatu Hirimanni�iterum in pago Merstem in comitatu eiusdem comitis�et in pago Laginga�in comitatu Dodicon et in pago Vuestfala in comitatu Henrici comitis�et in comitatu Hroduuerkes�et in comitatu Vuirinhardi", by charter dated 10 Jan 955[857].�

b) ALFDEH (-after 10 Jan 955).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation by "matrone Helmburhe" of Kloster Fischbeck for the soul of "Ricperhti domini sui et Richarddi et Aelfdehe filii sui", including property "in pago Tilithi in comitatu Hirimanni�iterum in pago Merstem in comitatu eiusdem comitis�et in pago Laginga�in comitatu Dodicon et in pago Vuestfala in comitatu Henrici comitis�et in comitatu Hroduuerkes�et in comitatu Vuirinhardi", by charter dated 10 Jan 955[858].�

75. [SMELDINGOZ (-after 809).� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Thrasco dux Abotritorum" was killed in 809 "in emporio Reric ab hominibus Godafridi" after laying waste to land with the help of "Saxonum Wilzos et Smeldingos"[859].� It is not known whether "Smeldingos" refers to the name of a tribe rather than an individual, as is the case with "Wilzos".]�

76. SUNZO (-killed in battle 26 Jun 891).� Regino records that "episcopus Magontiac� urbis, Sunzo et Arnolfus comes" were killed in battle against the Vikings "891 6 Kal Iul"[860].�

77. THEOTHER (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[861].�

78. THEODERIC (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[862].�

Three children, parents not known:�

79. THETI (-after 26 Jan 877).� Ludwig III "der J�ngere" King of the East Franks donated property "Hohenburg in pago Norththuringa" to Kloster Dr�beck, founded by "Theti et Wikker comites", by spurious charter dated 26 Jan 877 which names "domne Adelbrin soror eorum" as first abbess[863].�

80. WICKER (-after 26 Jan 877).� Ludwig III "der J�ngere" King of the East Franks donated property "Hohenburg in pago Norththuringa" to Kloster Dr�beck, founded by "Theti et Wikker comites", by spurious charter dated 26 Jan 877 which names "domne Adelbrin soror eorum" as first abbess[864].�

81. ADELBRIN (-after 26 Jan 877).� Ludwig III "der J�ngere" King of the East Franks donated property "Hohenburg in pago Norththuringa" to Kloster Dr�beck, founded by "Theti et Wikker comites", by spurious charter dated 26 Jan 877 which names "domne Adelbrin soror eorum" as first abbess[865].� Abbess of Kloster Dr�beck.�

82. THIETMAR [I] (-1 Jun 932).� Markgraf.� Tutor of the future Heinrich I King of Germany[866].� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 932 of "Thiommar com"[867].�

-�� MARKGRAFEN von MEISSEN.�

83. UNWAN (-after 19 Apr 786).� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "comes�Unwan" when recording his marriage to "[nobile Hessi]�unam de filiabus eius Gislam�maior natu"[868].� "Matto et frater meus Megingoz" donated properties "quicquid Macco pater noster proprium habuit" by charter dated 19 Apr 786, signed by "Unuanes comitis�"[869].� m GISELA, daughter of HESSI & his wife --- (-[820/30], bur Winadohusen).� She founded the monastery of Winadohusun at Thale, in eastern Saxony.� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� records that Gisela died "temporibus�Ludowici imperatoris" and was buried at Winadohusen[870].� As she adopted St Liutbirg as her daughter, and as the latter died "temporibus Ludowici iunioris�regis Francorum"[871], it is likely that Gisela died in the middle part of the emperor's reign.� Unwan & his wife had three children:�

a) BERNHARD ).� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "Bernhart et duas filias Bilihilt et Hruothilt" as the children of "comes�Unwan" & his wife[872].� m firstly REGINHILD, daughter of LOTHAR & his wife ---.� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� records the marriage of "Bernhart�" and "filiam Lotharii comitis�Reginhildam", and that she died young[873].� m secondly HELMBURG, daughter of ---.� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "Helmburg" as the second wife of Bernhard[874].� Bernhard & his first wife had two children:�

i) BERNHARD .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "unum patris �quivocum alterum Otwin" as the two sons of "Bernhart�" & his first wife[875].�

ii) OTWIN .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "unum patris �quivocum alterum Otwin" as the two sons of "Bernhart�" & his first wife[876]. �

Bernhard & his second wife had six children:�

iii) UNWAN .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "maior Unwan, secundus Adalbert, tercius Asic, quartus Ediram" as the four sons of Bernhard & his second wife Helmburg[877].�

iv) ADALBERT .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "maior Unwan, secundus Adalbert, tercius Asic, quartus Ediram" as the four sons of Bernhard & his second wife Helmburg[878].�

v) ESIKO .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "maior Unwan, secundus Adalbert, tercius Asic, quartus Ediram" as the four sons of Bernhard & his second wife Helmburg[879].�

vi) EDIRAM .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "maior Unwan, secundus Adalbert, tercius Asic, quartus Ediram" as the four sons of Bernhard & his second wife Helmburg[880].�

vii) GISELA .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "Gisla et Bilihilt" as the two daughters of Bernhard & his second wife Helmburg[881].�

b) BILIHILD .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "Gisla et Bilihilt" as the two daughters of Bernhard & his second wife Helmburg[882].�

c) BILIHILD .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "Bernhart et duas filias Bilihilt et Hruothilt" as the children of "comes�Unwan" & his wife, specifying that after her husband died Bilihild became a nun at "Winithohus in provincial Saxoni� in pago�Harthagewi"[883].

d) ROTHILD .� The Vita Sanct� Liutbirg� names "Bernhart et duas filias Bilihilt et Hruothilt" as the children of "comes�Unwan" & his wife, specifying that after her husband died Rothild became a nun "in Francia in pago Salugewe in vicinio saltus Bochoni� in loco�Charoltesbach"[884].�

84. VOLKARD (-after [Jan 983]).� "Volchardi comitis" was one of the witnesses to a donation made by "miles domnus Brun�cum sua nepte Id�"[885].�

85. --- .� m ADELA, daughter of --- (-after 12 Feb 960).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Hilwartshausen by "matrona Aeddil�" on property "in Hildiuuardeshusen et in Iuniun�in Trhenesfelde et in Frithurikeshusun", except� the part which "Egberto et Hildiuuardo nec non et Helmdego" granted, which "Folcmer et Bunica filii ipsius" left after dying by charter dated 12 Feb 960[886].� Two children:�

a) VOLKMAR (-before 12 Feb 960).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Hilwartshausen by "matrona Aeddil�" on property "in Hildiuuardeshusen et in Iuniun�in Trhenesfelde et in Frithurikeshusun", except� the part which "Egberto et Hildiuuardo nec non et Helmdego" granted, which "Folcmer et Bunica filii ipsius" left after dying by charter dated 12 Feb 960[887].�

b) BUNICA (-before 12 Feb 960).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Hilwartshausen by "matrona Aeddil�" on property "in Hildiuuardeshusen et in Iuniun�in Trhenesfelde et in Frithurikeshusun", except� the part which "Egberto et Hildiuuardo nec non et Helmdego" granted, which "Folcmer et Bunica filii ipsius" left after dying by charter dated 12 Feb 960[888].�

86. WARIN (-after 13 Jun 858).� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "in ducatu Saxonico�in pagis Dreini et Boroctra�in comitatibus Burchardi et Uuarini coniacentes�in Seliheim�et in Stockheim" to Kloster Herford by charter dated 13 Jun 858[889].�

Two brothers:�

87. WERINFRIED .� �Werinfridus comes� donated one family �in Cliuerthur� to Corvey monastery �pro fratre suo Godfrido�[890].�

88. GOTTFRIED .� �Werinfridus comes� donated one family �in Cliuerthur� to Corvey monastery �pro fratre suo Godfrido�[891].�

89. WERINHARD (-after 10 Jan 955).� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation by "matrone Helmburhe" of Kloster Fischbeck for the soul of "Ricperhti domini sui et Richarddi et Aelfdehe filii sui", including property "in pago Tilithi in comitatu Hirimanni�iterum in pago Merstem in comitatu eiusdem comitis�et in pago Laginga�in comitatu Dodicon et in pago Vuestfala in comitatu Henrici comitis�et in comitatu Hroduuerkes�et in comitatu Vuirinhardi", by charter dated 10 Jan 955[892].�

90. WICHBERT (-after [968]).� "Otto�imperator augustus" set out his plan to elevate the bishopric of Magdeburg to an archbishopric by an undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated 968, in which he names "marchiones nostros Vuigbertum, Vuiggerum et Guntherium"[893].�

91. WICHGER (-after 27 May 975).� "Otto�imperator augustus" set out his plan to elevate the bishopric of Magdeburg to an archbishopric by an undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated 968, in which he names "marchiones nostros Vuigbertum, Vuiggerum et Guntherium"[894].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "in civitate Sletheim in pago Thuringie in comitatu Wiggeri" to Kloster Fulda by charter dated 27 May 975[895].�

92. WICHHARD (-after 15 Apr 950).� "Otto�rex" granted property which "Liafgold habet in pago Nihtersi" except that of "Wighardus comes in villa Latterueld" to "fideli nostro vasallo Hoold" by charter dated 949[896].� "Otto�rex" confirmed the rights and privileges of Kloster Engern including property "Agilmari in pago Uelue in comitatu Lingeri comitis�Bobbontenini in pago Logni in comitatu Albonis�Hoianusini in pago Arpesfelt in comitatu Uuychardi comitis" by charter dated 15 Apr 950[897].�

93. WICHMANN (-after 811).� Einhard's Annales record "Wigman comes" as one of the signatories of peace with the Vikings in 811[898].�

94. WULFHARD .� m ---.� The name of Wulfhard's wife is not known.� Wulfhard & his wife had one child:�

a) WULFHARD .� "Otto�rex" granted property "hereditatu Uulfhardi filii Uulfhardi" to L�neburg St Mikhael by charter dated 9 Apr 959[899].�

B.�� 11th CENTURY

1. BARDO (-after 11 Sep 1001).� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed an exchange of property "in villa Inglinneim superiori in comitatu Emichoni comitis in pago Nahggouue" between Bernward Bishop of Hildesheim and "unus comes ex nostris fidelibus Bardo" by charter dated 11 Sep 1001[900].� m ---.� The name of Bardo's wife is not known.� Bardo & his wife had one child:

a) GOTTFRIED (-after 26 Mar 1013).� "Henricus�rex" donated property "Ledi in pago Gudinge in comitatu Liudulfi comitis", donated by "Godefrido milite nostro Bardonis comitis filio", to the cathedral of Hildesheim by charter dated 26 Mar 1013[901].� "Egilbertus�Mindensis episcopus" records a donation to the church of St Martin by "matrona�Helmburch" of property "in Adelberinghusen" and property donated by "Godefridus filius Bardonis comitis", by undated charter[902].�

2. BERNHARD (-after [1 Jun] 1030).� "Bernhardus dux, Heriman comes et filii eius, Henric, Conrad, Adalbracht, Bernhard, Ekkica comes de Aslan, Bernhard comes, Erp comes, Tiedric comes Fresonie, Widukin comes, Amulungo comes et frater eius Ekbracht, Ekkica comes�Tiamma comes et frater eius" witnessed the charter dated 14 Sep (no year) under which "d�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation[903].� "Chuonradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to the church of Paderborn "quodddam Berenhardi comitis predium Badperch�in pago Nichterga et in comitatu Haholdi comitis�quod ideo hereditario iure in nostrum potestatem successit, quia idem ipse B comes spurius erat" by charter dated [1 Jun] 1030[904].� m ---.� The name of Bernhard's wife is not known.� Bernhard & his wife had one child:

a) daughter .� Mistress of HAHOLD (-before 14 Jan 1016).� "Chuonradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" restored property previously belonging to "nobilis Hathamarus in Liemoneshus�quod Haoldo seniore suo�absque voluntate heredis legitimi tradidit", confiscated by "Haoldo seniori suo" and given by the latter to "sue concubine filie Bernhardi comitis" after the death of Hathamarus, to "Berthilt mater Hathamari", by an undated charter, grouped in the compilation with other charters dated 1030[905].�

3. BOTHO (-before 28 Jul 1021).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted "talem comitatum qualem Boto comes ex imperiali nostro tenuit, infra hos quippe pagos: Gandesemigavvi, Grenigavvi, Friethenigavvi, Flenithigavvi, Avganagavvi, Venzigavvi, Eriggavvi, et insuper quicquid in his duobus pagis: Svilberigavvi et Ommergavvi" to Kloster Gandersheim by charter dated 28 Jul 1021[906].�

4. BRUNO (-after 4 Feb 1064).� "Heinricus�rex" restored and confirmed property "Otmaringen in pago Cunzingowe in comitatu Brunonis comitis�post mortem Reginhardi comitis qui illud in beneficium habuit" to Kloster Oberm�nster at Regensburg by charter dated 4 Feb 1064[907].�

5. CHRISTIAN (-after 7 Sep 1047).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in loco Gerstiti�in pago Densiga in comitatu Christiani comitis" to Stift St Simon und Juda at Goslar by charter dated 7 Sep 1047[908].�

Two brothers, parents not known:�

6. CHRISTOPH ([2 Jul], 1061 or before).� "Heinricus�rex" donated property "quod fuerat Christophori comitis suique fratris Bennonis nostri capellani, a filio et herede eiusdem Christophori Dietmaro�et fratre et herede suo Bennone nobil traditum in villa Partunlep in pago Nortduringen in comitatu Utonis marchionis" to the Kloster on Petersberg at Goslar by charter dated 13 Mar 1062[909].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "2 Jul" of "Christoforus com"[910], although it is not known whether this refers to the same person.� m ---.� The name of Christoph's wife is not known.� Christoph & his wife had two children:

a) THIETMAR (-before 13 Mar 1062).� "Heinricus�rex" donated property "quod fuerat Christophori comitis suique fratris Bennonis nostri capellani, a filio et herede eiusdem Christophori Dietmaro�et fratre et herede suo Bennone nobil traditum in villa Partunlep in pago Nortduringen in comitatu Utonis marchionis" to the Kloster on Petersberg at Goslar by charter dated 13 Mar 1062[911].�

b) BENNO (-[after 13 Mar 1062).� "Heinricus�rex" donated property "quod fuerat Christophori comitis suique fratris Bennonis nostri capellani, a filio et herede eiusdem Christophori Dietmaro�et fratre et herede suo Bennone nobil traditum in villa Partunlep in pago Nortduringen in comitatu Utonis marchionis" to the Kloster on Petersberg at Goslar by charter dated 13 Mar 1062[912].�

7. BENNO (-1061 or before).� Royal chaplain.� "Heinricus�rex" donated property "quod fuerat Christophori comitis suique fratris Bennonis nostri capellani, a filio et herede eiusdem Christophori Dietmaro�et fratre et herede suo Bennone nobil traditum in villa Partunlep in pago Nortduringen in comitatu Utonis marchionis" to the Kloster on Petersberg at Goslar by charter dated 13 Mar 1062[913].�

Two children, parents not known:�

8. EKKEHARD (-after 21 Apr 1000).� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed rights and privileges of Kloster Helmarshausen "in comitatu Dudiconis ac in pago Angira"� founded by "Eccardus comes�et�su� contectalis Mathilde" by charter dated 8 Oct 997[914].� "Otto tercius�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted the right to Kloster Helmarshausen to choose its own vogt after the death of Graf Ekhard by charter dated 21 Apr 1000[915].� m MATHILDE, daughter of ---.� Ekkehard & his wife had one child:�

a) GOTTESCHALK (-after 1018).� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted privileges to Kloster Gernrode on the petition of "Eggihardi comitis nostrique fidelis filii Gotescalki" by charter dated 31 Jul 999[916].� The Vita Meinwerci names "Godescalcum Ekkihardi comitis filium" recording his separation from "Gertrudam filiam comitis Ekkiberti" in 1018[917].� m (separated 1018) GERTRUD, daughter of EKBERT & his wife ---.�

9. THIETBURGA .� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "quam Eggihardus�antea in beneficium habuit in villa Uuosthalmeshusen in pago Lainega et in comitatu Herimanni ac filii eius Sigifridi comitum" to "Eggihardi comitis sorori prelibati episcopi Thietburge" by charter dated 2 Sep 997[918].�

10. EKKIKA (-after 14 Sep [1029]).� "Ekkika" witnessed a donation of property dated "Id Sep 1024" by "Hildigunda abbatissa de Gesike" and one dated "18 Kal Oct [1029]" by "Brun comes cum uxore sua Ida"[919].�

11. EKKIKO (-after 14 Sep [1029]).� "Bernhardus dux, Heriman comes et filii eius, Henric, Conrad, Adalbracht, Bernhard, Ekkica comes de Aslan, Bernhard comes, Erp comes, Tiedric comes Fresonie, Widukin comes, Amulungo comes et frater eius Ekbracht, Ekkica comes�Tiamma comes et frater eius" witnessed the charter dated 14 Sep (no year) under which "d�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation[920].� "Ekkiko de Aslen" witnessed a donation of property dated "Id Sep 1024" by "Hildigunda abbatissa de Gesike" and one dated "18 Kal Oct [1029]" by "Brun comes cum uxore sua Ida"[921].�

12. EKKESIN .� m ---.� The name of Ekkesin's wife is not known.� Ekkesin & his wife had one child:

a) ERP (-after 1013).� "�Herp Aegizinis filius" was among the witnesses of the charter dated 1013 under which "Henricus�imperator augustus" renewed his 1007 judgment concerning a dispute between Willigis Archbishop of Mainz and Bernward Bishop of Hildesheim[922].� �Erp� donated nine families �in Duggun� to Corvey monastery �pro se et coniuge sua Amulred et pro filiis suis Walthardo et Ludolfo�[923].� "Bernhardus dux, Heriman comes et filii eius, Henric, Conrad, Adalbracht, Bernhard, Ekkica comes de Aslan, Bernhard comes, Erp comes, Tiedric comes Fresonie, Widukin comes, Amulungo comes et frater eius Ekbracht, Ekkica comes�Tiamma comes et frater eius" witnessed the charter dated 14 Sep (no year) under which "d�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation[924].� m AMELRADA, daughter of ---.� �Erp� donated nine families �in Duggun� to Corvey monastery �pro se et coniuge sua Amulred et pro filiis suis Walthardo et Ludolfo�[925].� Erp & his wife had four children:�

i) WALTHARD (-1012).� �Erp� donated nine families �in Duggun� to Corvey monastery �pro se et coniuge sua Amulred et pro filiis suis Walthardo et Ludolfo�[926].� Provost at Magdeburg Cathedral.� Elected Bishop of Magdeburg 1004.�

ii) AMELRADA .� The Annalista Saxo names "Amulrad soror Walthardi Magdaburgensis archiepiscopi" as the mother of "Eberhardus Babenbergensis" when recording the death of the latter, and names her husband "Conrado de Maresleve et Horneburch"[927].� m KONRAD von M�rsleben, son of ---.�

iii) daughter .� Nun.�

iv) LIUDOLF .� �Erp� donated nine families �in Duggun� to Corvey monastery �pro se et coniuge sua Amulred et pro filiis suis Walthardo et Ludolfo�[928].� Graf.�

13. ELFER (-after 1109).� "Comes civitatis istius Elferus, pie recor --- commemorationem anime sue coniugis Regelindis" donated "mansum unum in Othihem�cum uno mancipio Tammo" to the church of Sts Peter and Paul, confirmed by "Gumpertus�Patherbrunnensis cenobii�prouisor", by charter dated 1109[929].� m REGELINDIS, daughter of --- (-[before 1109]).� "Comes civitatis istius Elferus, pie recor --- commemorationem anime sue coniugis Regelindis" donated "mansum unum in Othihem�cum uno mancipio Tammo" to the church of Sts Peter and Paul, confirmed by "Gumpertus�Patherbrunnensis cenobii�prouisor", by charter dated 1109[930].� Although this document is missing phrases, the wording appears to suggest that Regelindis was deceased at the date of the charter.� Elfer & his wife had one child:�

a) HEINRICH .� "Heinricus comes filius Elferi qui illos mansos in Atlon in beneficium habuit�" witnessed the charter dated 11 Apr 1129 under which Bernhard Bishop of Paderborn confirmed the donation of "quatuor mansos cum arcis in Nattusungon", made by "mulier�Aethelind cum consensu heredis sui�Siniconis�", and of "tribus mansis in Atlon", made by "Liutgarde vidue Volcoldi de Malsburg�filio eius Bertoldo adolescente presente", to the church of St Peter & St Paul[931].�

14. ESIKO [II] (-[28 Jul] before 23 Nov 1004).� "Otto�rex" donated property "Nuzbach�in pago Mordenouua et in comitatu Cuononis comitis" previously owned by "fidelis nostri comitis Asic" to the church of Meissen by charter dated 6 Oct 995[932].� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" gave "urbem Cucenburg" to "Esikoni comitis" by charter dated 18 Apr 999[933].� "Henricus�rex" donated property "in Cucinburg et in Ubhuson�in comitatu Burchardi comitis in loco�Hassaga" to the church of Merseburg "pro memoria Esiconis comitis" by charter dated 23 Nov 1004[934].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "28 Jul" of "Asic com"[935], although it is not known whether this refers to the same person.� The Notice concerning the foundation of Corvey lists "Esic comes vineas in Kastinaco, Bilidrud sua coniux Budinavelden, Ida secunda coniux eius Imminchusen and Helmenskethen" among the donors to the monastery (undated)[936], although it is not known to which Graf Esiko this refers.� m firstly BILTRUD, daughter of ---.� The Notice concerning the foundation of Corvey lists "Esic comes vineas in Kastinaco, Bilidrud sua coniux Budinavelden, Ida secunda coniux eius Imminchusen and Helmenskethen" among the donors to the monastery (undated)[937], although it is not known to which Graf Esiko this refers.� m secondly IDA, daughter of ---.� The Notice concerning the foundation of Corvey lists "Esic comes vineas in Kastinaco, Bilidrud sua coniux Budinavelden, Ida secunda coniux eius Imminchusen and Helmenskethen" among the donors to the monastery (undated)[938], although it is not known to which Graf Esiko this refers.�

Two brothers:�

15. ESIKO [III] (-after Sep 1024).� "Tiamma fratrisque eius Esici" witnessed a donation of property dated "Id Sep 1024" by "Hildigunda abbatissa de Gesike"[939].�

16. TIAMMA (-after Sep 1024).� "Tiamma fratrisque eius Esici" witnessed a donation of property dated "Id Sep 1024" by "Hildigunda abbatissa de Gesike"[940].� "Bernhardus dux, Heriman comes et filii eius, Henric, Conrad, Adalbracht, Bernhard, Ekkica comes de Aslan, Bernhard comes, Erp comes, Tiedric comes Fresonie, Widukin comes, Amulungo comes et frater eius Ekbracht, Ekkica comes�Tiamma comes et frater eius" witnessed the charter dated 14 Sep (no year) under which "d�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation[941].�

17. FRIEDRICH (-after 15 Aug 1069).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Friderici comitis in pago Reci� et in comitatu Chononis comitis in pago Swalaueldorum" to the church of Eichst�tt by charter dated 17 May 1053[942].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "quem Friderihcus eiusque filius Conradus comites ex regali potestate in beneficium habuerunt in illis pagis Ualedungon Aringe Guttingon" to the church of Hildesheim by charter dated 5 Aug 1068[943].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "quem Friderihc eiusque filius Chonradus comites iuxta fluvios Loyna et Alera�in pagis Ualedungun, Aeringon, Guttingun" to the church of Hildesheim by charter dated 15 Aug 1069[944].� m ---.� The name of Friedrich's wife is not known.� Friedrich & his wife had one child:

a) KONRAD (-after 15 Aug 1069).� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "quem Friderihc eiusque filius Chonradus comites iuxta fluvios Loyna et Alera�in pagis Ualedungun, Aeringon, Guttingun" to the church of Hildesheim by charter dated 15 Aug 1069[945].�

18. GERO (-1024).� The Annales Corbeienses record the death in 1024 of "Gero comes"[946].�

19. HAHOLD (-before 14 Jan 1016).� "Henricus�rex" granted property "quem Hahold comes dum vixit tenuit in locis Hauerga, Limga�" to the church of Paderborn by charter dated 10 Apr 1011[947].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "quem Hahold comes, dum vixit, tenuit�in locis Hauerga, Limga, Thiatmalli, Aga, Patherga, Treueresga, Langaneka, Erpesfelt, Silbike, Matfelt, Nihterga, Sinatfelt, Balleuan prope Spriada, Gambiki, Gession, Sewardeshuson" to the church of Paderborn by charter dated 14 Jan 1016[948].� Mistress: ---, daughter of Graf BERNHARD .� "Chuonradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" restored property previously belonging to "nobilis Hathamarus in Liemoneshus�quod Haoldo seniore suo�absque voluntate heredis legitimi tradidit", confiscated by "Haoldo seniori suo" and given by the latter to "sue concubine filie Bernhardi comitis" after the death of Hathamarus, to "Berthilt mater Hathamari", by an undated charter, grouped in the compilation with other charters dated 1030[949].�

Two sons, parents not known:�

20. HANULF von Ammensleben .�

21. DIETRICH von Ammensleben .� Graf von Grieben.� m MARGARETA [Dignamenta], daughter of KONRAD von M�rsleben & his wife Amelrada ---.� Dietrich & his wife had one child:�

a) AMELRADA von Ammensleben .� m firstly EKBERT von Harbke, son of ---.� m secondly DIETRICH, son of --- & his wife [--- von Gleiberg] (-1120).� Graf von Ammensleben.� Amelrada & her first husband had one child:�

i) BIA .� The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified.� m firstly DEDI, son of --- & his wife [--- von Gleiberg].� m secondly DEDO von Krosigk, son of ---.�

22. HEMEZO (-after 5 Feb 1015).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" exchanged property held by Kloster Hersfeld for property of "Sigefridus Sigefridi filius nobis�in comitatu Hemezonis comitis, et�alter Sigefridus nobis in Liutfrideshusun", held by Kloster Hersfeld, by charter dated 5 Feb 1015[950].�

23. HERMANN (-after 15 Apr 1064).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "villa Holthusen in comitatu Herimanni comitis et in Westualen" to Kloster Essen by charter dated 17 Nov 1054[951].� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed the donation of property "in comitatu Chunonis comitis et in pago Alsatia�in comitatu Gerardi comitis�in comitatu Wernhardi comitis et in pago Mortenva�in comitatu Herimanni comitis et in pago Brisergouia�in comitatu Rudolphi comitis et in pago Scerron�in comitatu Liutoldi comitis et in pago Chletgowe�in comitatu Arnoldi comitis et in pago Frichgoue" to Kloster Otmarsheim by "vidua Chunigund�a marito illius Rudolpho" by charter dated 1 Mar 1064[952].� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed an exchange of property between Udo Bishop of Toul and the abbot of Kornelim�nster by charter dated 15 Apr 1064 witnessed by "�comes Herimannus et filii eius�"[953].� m ---.� The name of Hermann's wife is not known.� Hermann & his wife had --- children:

a) sons .�

24. --- .� m HILDESUID --- (-after 1013).� "Henricus�rex" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Heiningen "in oppido Heningi super ripam fluvii Ovecra�in pago Hastvalo" by "ingenua femina quedam Hildesuit et filia sua Walburgis" by charter dated 1013[954].� One child:�

a) WALBURGIS (-after 1013).� "Henricus�rex" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Heiningen "in oppido Heningi super ripam fluvii Ovecra�in pago Hastvalo" by "ingenua femina quedam Hildesuit et filia sua Walburgis" by charter dated 1013[955].�

Two sisters, parents not known:�

25. IMMA (-after [2 Nov 1004]).� "Henricus�rex" issued a charter relating to the rights of Kloster Kemnade naming "Frederuna abbatissa eiusque soror Imma comitissa, Gerone comite adiuvante", dated 2 Nov 1004[956].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed privileges to Kloster Kemnade founded by "domna Frederuna abbatissa eiusque soror Imma cometissa, Gerone comite adiuvante" by charter dated 26 Mar 1017[957].� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Kemnade founded by "domna Frederuna abbatissa eiusque soror Imma cometissa, Gerone comite adiuvante" by charter dated 3 Sep 1039, naming "abbatissa Iuditha" which suggests that abbess Frederuna had died by that date[958].�

26. FREDERUNA (-before 3 Sep 1039).� Abbess of Kloster Kemnade.�

27. IPPO (-after 3 Sep 1009).� "Henricus�rex" granted property "Darneburc in pago Harthega in comitatu Ipponis comitis" to Kloster Gandersheim by charter dated 3 Sep 1009[959].�

28. KONRAD von M�rsleben, son of --- .� m AMELRADA, daughter of ERP & his wife Amelrada ---.� The Annalista Saxo names "Amulrad soror Walthardi Magdaburgensis archiepiscopi" as the mother of "Eberhardus Babenbergensis" when recording the death of the latter, and names her husband "Conrado de Maresleve et Horneburch"[960].� Konrad & his wife had four children:�

a) SUIDGER (-Abbey of San Tomaso near Pesaro 9 Oct 1047, bur Bamberg Cathedral).� The Annalista Saxo names "Amulrad Suitgerum�canonicus Sancti Stephani in Halberstadt, postea episcopus Babenberch tandem Roma papa, et Conradum�canonicus Sancti Mauricii in Magdeburh, postea Aquileie patriarcha, et Adelbertum" as the children of "Conrado de Maresleve et Horneburch" and his wife[961].� Capellan of Hermann Archbishop of Bremen.� Bishop of Bamburg 1040/1047.� He was elected as Pope CLEMENT II 24 Dec 1046, enthroned at Rome 25 Dec 1046.�

b) KONRAD .� The Annalista Saxo names "Amulrad Suitgerum�canonicus Sancti Stephani in Halberstadt, postea episcopus Babenberch tandem Roma papa, et Conradum�canonicus Sancti Mauricii in Magdeburh, postea Aquileie patriarcha, et Adelbertum" as the children of "Conrado de Maresleve et Horneburch" and his wife[962].� Canon at Magdeburg.� Patriarch of Aquileja.�

c) ADALBERT (-Hornburg ----).� The Annalista Saxo names "Amulrad Suitgerum�canonicus Sancti Stephani in Halberstadt, postea episcopus Babenberch tandem Roma papa, et Conradum�canonicus Sancti Mauricii in Magdeburh, postea Aquileie patriarcha, et Adelbertum" as the children of "Conrado de Maresleve et Horneburch" and his wife[963].�

d) MARGARETA [Dignamenta] .� m DIETRICH von Ammensleben Graf von Grieben, son of ---.�

29. LIUDOLF (-before 1 Mar [1021]).� "�Liudulf comes�" was among the witnesses of the charter dated 1013 under which "Henricus�imperator augustus" renewed his 1007 judgment concerning a dispute between Willigis Archbishop of Mainz and Bernward Bishop of Hildesheim[964].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted "situm in locis Sorathueld, Sinuthuelt, Almunga, Treuresga, Burclaun Liudolfus comes dux visit tenuit" to the church of Paderborn by charter dated 1 Mar [1021][965].� The Vita Meinwerci records a donation (undated, but with other donations dated [1020]) of "propinquorum Dodiconis comitis Bern nomine, traditionem quem idem comes et frater eius comes Sigebodo", subscribed by "�Liudolfo�comitibus�"[966].� The Vita Meinwerci records a donation (undated, but with other donations dated [1022]) of "comes�Godizo" with the consent of "coniugis su� Addil� ac sororis su� heredis iustissim�", witnessed by "Liudolfi, Udonis, Hiddonis, Acca comitum"[967].�

30. LOTHAR [Liuther] (-after 15 Apr 1064).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights of the monastery of San Salvator at Settimo founded by "Lotharius comes" by charter dated 1047[968].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated "Lutheri comitis comitatum in pago Northuringen et in pago Derlingon" to the church of Halberstadt by charter dated 17 Jan 1052[969].� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed an exchange of property between Udo Bishop of Toul and the abbot of Kornelim�nster by charter dated 15 Apr 1064 witnessed by "�comes Lutherius"[970].�

31. RATBOD (-1052).� The Breve Chronicon Ex MS. Prumiensi records the death of �Radebodo comes� in 1052[971].�

32. RICHPERT (-after 15 Apr 1003).� Heinrich II King of Germany donated property "in civitate Elisenaburg�in pago Hardegouue et in comitatu Richperti" to the church of Halberstadt by charter dated 15 Apr 1003[972].�

33. THANKMAR (-after 4 May 1025).� "Chuonradus�rex" granted privileges to "Kemmiun in pago Valvn�in comitatu Dancmari comitis" by charter dated 4 May 1025[973].�

34. VOLKMAR .� "Otto�rex" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Hilwartshausen by "matrona Aeddil�" on property "in Hildiuuardeshusen et in Iuniun�in Trhenesfelde et in Frithurikeshusun", except� the part which "Egberto et Hildiuuardo nec non et Helmdego" granted, which "Folcmer et Bunica filii ipsius" left after dying by charter dated 12 Feb 960[974].� m ---.� The name of Volkmar's wife is not known.� Volkmar & his wife had one child:

a) FREDERUNA (-Burg Z�rbig 27 Oct 1015).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� Thietmar records the death on 27 Oct of "the venerable Friderun whose guests we were" in a passage recording his stay at the fortress of Z�rbig, dated to 1015[975].�� Her unusual name could indicate that she was related to Frederuna, sister of Queen Mathilde.� m BRUNO, son of --- (-30 Nov 978).� Graf von Arneburg.�

35. WERNER (-after 1025).� "Chuonradus�rex" granted property "in comitatu quondam Balderici�pagis�Hummila�Angarlo �Fordhusen�Diedehun� Elisa�Swella�Felewn" to "fideli nostro Wernero" by charter dated 1025[976].�

36. WICHBERT (-after 1113).� The Annales Corbeienses record that "Wigbertus comes" was captured in 1113[977].�

37. WIDUKIND .� "Bernhardus dux, Heriman comes et filii eius, Henric, Conrad, Adalbracht, Bernhard, Ekkica comes de Aslan, Bernhard comes, Erp comes, Tiedric comes Fresonie, Widukin comes, Amulungo comes et frater eius Ekbracht, Ekkica comes�Tiamma comes et frater eius" witnessed the charter dated 14 Sep (no year) under which "d�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation[978].�

Chapter 5.�� SWABIAN NOBILITY

This chapter sets out references to nobles in Swabia, 39 dating from the 9th and 10th centuries and 10 from the 11th century, who cannot at this time be connected into larger family groups or who are the earliest known members of families whose descendants are shown in the document SWABIA NOBILITY.� Many of the references relate to donations to Kloster Sankt Gallen, in present-day northern Switzerland.�

A.�� 9th and 10th CENTURIES

1. ALBUIN (-after 29 Aug 842).� A charter dated 29 Aug 842 recording a donation of property "Nuspilingun, Frunstat et Uuintarfulinga" to St Gallen terminates with "sub Alboino comite"[979].�

2. ADALBERT (-after 1000).� A charter (now lost, evidence of which exists only in later French translation) confirms the foundation in 1000 of the abbey of Honcourt [Hugeshoffen] "situ� en l��v�ch� de Strasbourg dans la for�t de V�ge" by "le Comte Wuher d�Ortemburg" {"un ch�teau situ�s sur une montagne qui regarde au septentrion le Val-de-Viller et celui de Liepvre au Midy", according to Calmet in footnote s} and records donations to the monastery of property "� Northusen" by "son �pouse Hemeldreite et son fils Volmar", at "Egenesheim" by "Berlinte s�ur du comte", of "trois �glises paroissiales en Lorraine" by "le comte Lutolf et le pr�tre Donutus", of property "� Flershein" [Fl�rsheim 15 km north-west of Worms?] by "le comte Adelbert de Hagensburg et Junlte son �pouse", and the confirmation of the abbey�s privileges by "Frideric Empereur Romain" witnessed by "Hermanus �v�que de Verden�"[980].� m JUTTA, daughter of --- (-after 1000).� A charter (now lost, evidence of which exists only in later French translation) confirms the foundation in 1000 of the abbey of Honcourt [Hugeshoffen] by "le Comte Wuher d�Ortemburg" and records donations to the monastery of property "� Flershein" "le comte Adelbert de Hagensburg et Junlte son �pouse"[981].�

3. ARNULF (-after 18 Oct 898).� �Perehtodi palacii comitis...Arnolf com...� witnessed the charter dated 21/28 Mar 889 under which �Cadaloh� exchanged serfs with St Gallen[982].� "Chadoloh" exchanged serfs with St Gallen by charter dated 17 Mar 892, witnessed by �Perehto(l)di palacii comitis...Arnolf comes...�[983].� Arnulf King of Gemany confirmed an exchange of property "in pago Rammekeuue in comitatu Arnulfi in loco�Sconenpirch [et] in pago Aragouue in comitatu Chadaloh in villa Augusta" between Salomon Abbot of St Gallen and "vir�Anno" by charter dated 26 Aug 894[984].� Emperor Arnulf granted property "in pago�Duria�in comitatu Arnolfi in loco ad Rotu quos Adalgoz�tenuit" to "comiti et�propinquo nostro�Sigihart" on the request of "comite�Adalhardo" by charter dated 18 Oct 898[985].�

4. BERNHOLD (-874).� An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis�Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[986].� The Annales Alammanici record the death of "Pernoldus comes" in 874[987].�

5. BERTHILO (-after 11 Apr 786).� "Dudo" donated "Sytinga marca in pago Bertoldesbara" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 11 Apr 786 subscribed by "Dirodhario comite, Geroldo comite, Birtilone comite, Bertoldo comite"[988].� "Ceroldus comes" donated property "in pago Perihtilinpara" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 3 May 786 subscribed by "Imma genitrix, Perihtilone comite"[989].�

6. BERTHILO (-27 Feb, 993 or after).� Emperor Otto I granted property "habere Cuntramnus comes in pago Prisecgeuue in comitatu Pirihtihonis in locis�Puckinga, Uringa, Muron" to Konrad Bishop of Konstanz by charter dated 21 Feb 962[990].� "Otto�rex" donated land "Scaleia�in pago Brisggouue in comitatu Birhtilonis" to the church at Worms by charter dated 18 Jun 990 on the petition of "Hadeuige ducis nostr�consanguine�"[991].� "Otto�rex" donated property "in valle Sulziberch�in pago Brisichgowe et in comitatu�Birchtilonis comitis" to the church of St Cyriacus, Sulzburg by charter dated 22 Jun 993 on the petition of "fidelis nostri Birchtilonis comitis"[992].� The necrology of St Gall records the death "III Kal Mar" of "Pirhtilonis comitis"[993].� m LIUTVIGA, daughter of --- (-26 Mar ----).� The necrology of St Gall records the death "VII Kal Apr" of "Liutvige [uxor Birthilonis comitis]"[994].�

7. BERTHOLD (-before 23 Oct 805).� "Dudo" donated "Sytinga marca in pago Bertoldesbara" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 11 Apr 786 subscribed by "Dirodhario comite, Geroldo comite, Birtilone comite, Bertoldo comite"[995].� "Ata dea sacrata" donated property "in ducato Alamannie in loco�Sedorf" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 17 Nov 797 subscribed by "Berahttolti comitis"[996].� It is assumed that the donations to St Gallen by his sons dated 23 Oct 805 (see below) followed their father's death.� m ---.� The name of Berthold's wife is not known.� Berthold & his wife had two children:

a) WAGO [Wacho] .� "Uuago et Chadaloh filii Peratoldi comitis" donated properties to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 23 Oct 805[997].�

b) CHADALHOH (-819).� "Chadaloh filius Perahtoldi comitis" donated property "in villa Wanga" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 23 Oct 805[998].� "Uuago et Chadaloh filii Peratoldi comitis" donated properties to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 23 Oct 805[999].� Einhard's Annales name "Cadolah" as in charge of "Dalmationum" when recording the arrival of the imperial legate from Constantinople in 816[1000].� "Chadaloh�comis" donated properties to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 17 Nov 817 directing "filius meus�Perahtoldus" to donate further properties "post discessum vero meum"[1001].� Installed as Duke of Friulia in [817/18].� Einhard's Annales name "Cadolaum comitem et marc� Foroiuliensis pr�fectum" in 818[1002].� Einhard's Annales record that "Cadolah dux Foroiuliensis" died in 819 after the army returned from Pannonia[1003].� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records the death of "Cadolach dux Foroiuliensis" and the succession of "Baldricus"[1004].� m ---.� The name of Chadalhoh's wife is not known.� Chadalhoh & his wife had one child:

i) BERTHOLD (-after 11 Jan 842).� The Annales Guelferbytanni record that "Hatto comes et vassus domni regis Peretolt" accused each other in 823 before the imperial court[1005].� "Pertoldus comes et coniux eius Kersinda" donated property to St Gallen for the soul of "genitoris mei Chadaloh" by charter dated 2 Aug 824[1006].� A charter dated 11 Jan 842 recording a donation of property "in villa�Uuanga" to St Gallen terminates with "sub Berahtolti comite"[1007].� m KERSINDA, daughter of --- (-after 2 Aug 824).� "Pertoldus comes et coniux eius Kersinda" donated property to St Gallen for the soul of "genitoris mei Chadaloh" by charter dated 2 Aug 824[1008].�

8. BERTHOLD (-killed in battle Cotrone 15 Jul 982).� The Annales Einsidlenses record that "Uto et Guntharius duces�Berehtaldus comes" were killed fighting the Sarracens in Sicily in 982[1009].�

9. BERTRADA (-980).� The Annales Sangallenses record the death in 980 of "Perhterat in claustro"[1010].�

10. BERTRAM (-after 873).� The Annales Fuldenses record that "quidam etiam de Alamannia�Berechtramnus", who had been defeated by Zwentibold Duke of Moravia in the previous year, came to the king (Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks) in 873[1011].�

11. CHADALHOH (-after 26 Aug 894).� Graf im Aargau.� Arnulf King of Gemany granted property "in pago Aragouue in comitatu Chadalohi senioris sui in villa Augusta" to "fideli nostro�Anno" by charter dated 6 Jan 891[1012].� The donee exchanged the same property with St Gallen, recorded in the charter dated 26 Aug 894 by which Arnulf King of Gemany confirmed an exchange of property "in pago Rammekeuue in comitatu Arnulfi in loco�Sconenpirch [et] in pago Aragouue in comitatu Chadaloh in villa Augusta" between Salomon Abbot of St Gallen and "vir�Anno"[1013].�

12. CHAZO (-after 22 Jul 854).� A charter of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated 22 Jul 854 records the settlement of a dispute between Kloster St Gallen and the bishop of Konstanz related to property "in comitatus Chazonis comitis in pagello Suuercenhuntare in villa Muntinga�"[1014].�

13. EKKEHARD [I] .� The reconstruction of the family of Ekkehard [I] and his children is based on an interpretation set out by the editor of the MGH SS edition of Casuum Sancti Galli, Continuatio I, Ekkehardo IV[1015].� It finds partial support in the text of the same source, as shown below.� The supposed identity of Ekkehard [I]'s first wife is based on combining this reconstruction and another reconstruction by the same editor which involves a supposed descent of Burkhard abbot of St Gallen (also shown in the former reconstruction) from Heinrich I King of Germany[1016].� As explained below under this couple's supposed daughter Wundilgart, this second reconstruction is fundamentally flawed from a chronological point of view.� However, this does not exclude its partial accuracy, which could imply a Liudolfinger origin as shown here.� It should be emphasised that this is all highly speculative.� The Casuum Sancti Galli, Continuatio I, Ekkehardo IV is a particular difficult source to interpret.� It is rarely explicit in its naming of individuals or its description of the relationships between the individuals named.� m firstly --- [of Saxony, daughter of OTTO "der Erlauchte" Graf in Eichsfeld [Liudolfinger] & his wife Hedwig [Hathui] [Babenberg] ([865/70][1017]-).� The basis for this speculation concerning the origin of Ekkehard [I]'s first wife is explained under their supposed daughter Wundelgart below].� m secondly ---.� Ekkehard [I] & his first wife had five children:�

a) EKKEHARD (-973).� The Annales Sangallenses record the deaths in 973 of "Udalricus comes et Ekkehardus monachus"[1018].�

b) son/daughter [?] .� m ---.� One child:�

i) EKKEHARD [II] .� Palatinus.� The Casuum Sancti Galli, Continuatio I, Ekkehardo IV names "Ekkehardo sororis eius filio"[1019].�

c) son .� m ---.� One child:�

i) EKKEHARD [III] (-990).� The Casuum Sancti Galli, Continuatio I, Ekkehardo IV comments that "Ekkehardum" had "sancto Gallo ad monachatum quatuor ex fratribus vel sororibus nepotes suo, duos�Burchardum�post abbatiem, Notkerum magistrum nostrum"[1020].� The Casuum Sancti Galli, Continuatio I, Ekkehardo IV names "Ekkehardo�diacono et Purchardo puero post abate consobrinis suis"[1021].� Deacon at St Gallen.� The Annales Sangallenses record the death in 990 of "Ekkehardus monachus"[1022].�

d) daughter .� m ---.� "fratri abbatum Craloi et Annonis".� Three children:�

i) NOTGER (-12 Nov 975).� Physicus.� The Casuum Sancti Galli, Continuatio I, Ekkehardo IV names "abbas, Cralohi de fratre quidem Notkeri autem de sorore cum nepos esset"[1023].� The Casuum Sancti Galli, Continuatio I, Ekkehardo IV names "Notkerus�abbas�Nokeri medici�ex sorore nepos et�Ekkehardo avunculo meo"[1024].� The necrology of St Gallen records the death "975 II Id Nov" of "Notkeri�doctoris et medici"[1025].�

ii) --- .� m ---.� One child:�

(a) NOTGER (-15 Dec 975).� The Casuum Sancti Galli, Continuatio I, Ekkehardo IV names "Notkerus�abbas�Nokeri medici�ex sorore nepos et�Ekkehardo avunculo meo"[1026].� The Annales Sangallenses Maiores record that "Notkerus" became abbot of St Gallen in 971 and died in 975[1027].� Abbas Sancti Galli 971.� The necrology of St Gallen records the death "XVIII Kal Jan" of "Notkeri abbatis"[1028].�

iii) --- .� m ---.� One child:�

(a) son .� "Monachus Sancti Galli".�

e) WUNDELGART ([885/90]-).� "Wundilgartam Henrici regis de filia neptim" is named in the Chronicle of St Gall, which also names her husband[1029].� The editor's commentary in the printed text interprets this as "granddaughter of Heinrich I King of Germany", but this is impossible chronologically assuming the approximate death date of Wundelgart's husband is correct.� Assuming there is any truth in the text, it is more likely that Wundelgart was the niece of King Heinrich by his sister, although this is far from certain considering the broad range of interpretation possible for the word "neptis".� The same source in a later passage names "Ekkehardo�diacono et Purchardo puero post abate consobrinis suis"[1030].� As Wundelgart was the mother of Abbot Burkhard, this gives the essential clue to her origins.� Her birth date range is estimated based on the likely birth date range of her supposed mother (assuming that the origin shown here is correct) and the likely ages of her children.� m UDALRICH [V] --- (-after [920]).� "Oudalrich quidam comes de Karoli prosapia" is named in the Chronicle of St Gall, which also names his wife and their two sons[1031].� No precise information about his Carolingian descent has been found although Europ�ische Stammtafeln suggests descent from Udalrich [III] "nepos" of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks[1032].�

Ekkehard [I] & his second wife had one child:�

f) RACHILD (-23 Nov 946).� The Annales Sangallenses Maiores record that "Rachilt in navitate sanct� Mari� inclusa est" in 920 and that "Rachilt reclusa" died in 946[1033].� The Chronicon of Bernold records the death in 946 of "Rachildis virgo" at St Gallen[1034].� The necrology of St Gallen records the death "IX Kal Dec" of "Beata Rachilda�reclusa"[1035].�

Two brothers, parents not known:�

14. EKKEHARD [IV] ([980]-).�

15. IMMO .� Brother of Ekkehard [IV], abbatem c�nobii Sancti Gregorii in Alsatia[1036].�

16. ERCHANBERT (-after 29 May 806).� "Harioldus" donated property "in villa Undinga vel in villa Genchinga" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 29 May 806 subscribed by "Ercanperti comitis"[1037].�

17. GEROLD (-after 1 Jul 784).� Graf im Kraichgau: "Geroldus comes et conjux mea Imma" donated property "in pago Creichgowe in villa Ziuternheim et in Odenheim" to Kloster Lorsch by charter dated 30 Jun 779[1038].� "Geroldus et conjux mea Imma" donated property "in pago Wormat. in Eichinen et Mettenheim�" to Kloster Lorsch by charter dated 1 Jul 784[1039].�

-�� SWABIA NOBILITY.�

18. GOZBERT (-after 24 Jan 790).� "Cozbertus" donated property "in Peratholtipara in villa�Priari" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 24 Jan 790 subscribed by "Geraldo comite"[1040].�

19. GOZBERT (-889).� Charters dated 6 Aug 855 (property "in pago Nibilgouue"), 11 Aug 858, 24 Apr 861, 8 Apr 864, 15 May 866 and 12 Oct 870 recording donations to St Gallen are dated to "sub Cozperto comite"[1041].� "Karolo, Hludewici�regis filio" (later Emperor Karl III) confirmed rights of "Gozpertum fidelem comitem nostrum" in Kloster Rheinau, founded by Karl with "vir quidam illustris Woluene", and donated property "in pago Chleggowe in villa�Arcingen" by charter dated Aug 876[1042].� The Annales Alammanici record the death of "Gospertus" in 889[1043].�

20. GOZBERT (-killed 910).� The Annales Alammanici record that "Gospertus comes" was killed by the Hungarians in Alamannia in 910[1044].�

21. GUNTRAM "der Reiche", son of --- (-9 Aug, after 973).� Graf im Breisgau: Emperor Otto I granted property "habere Cuntramnus comes in pago Prisecgeuue in comitatu Pirihtihonis in locis�Puckinga, Uringa, Muron" to Konrad Bishop of Konstanz by charter dated 21 Feb 962[1045].�

-�� GRAFEN im BREISGAU.�

22. HARTMANN (-after 29 Oct 980).� "Otto�imperator augustus" made donations "in pago Mundericheshundera in comitatu Hartmanni in villis Thiethereschiricha et Pargdorf et in pago Nibilgouue in vico Suarcensee in comitatu Adelberti et in pago Ringouue in comitatu Adelberti" to Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 29 Oct 980[1046].�

23. HATTO [Atto] (-after [854/55]).� "Ludowicus�rex" gave instructions to "Atoni et Odalricho ceterisque comitibus nostris in Alamannia" relating to Kloster St Gallen in an undated charter, inserted in the compilation with charters dated [854/55][1047].� The Annales Alammanici record the death of "Hatto" in 854[1048].� m ADELINDA, daughter of --- (-after 903, bur Buchau).� The Chronicon of Bernold records that "Beringer, Reginolf et Gerhard nobiles germani, filii Atonis comitis et Adellind�" were killed and buried "apud Bouchaugiense cenobium" which had been built by their mother and where she herself was later buried[1049].� Hatto & his wife had four children:�

a) REGINHARD [Reginolf] (-killed 903, bur Buchau).� The Chronicle of Herimanni Augiensis names in 902 "Beringer, Reginolf et Gerhard, nobles germani fratres filii Atonis comitis et Adellind�in pago Alamanni� Erichgewe�cum sororem virginem"[1050].� The Annales Alammanici record that "Reginhard, Perinhart et Kerhard germani" were killed in 903[1051].� The Chronicon of Bernold records that "Beringer, Reginolf et Gerhard nobiles germani, filii Atonis comitis et Adellind�" were killed and buried "apud Bouchaugiense cenobium"[1052].�

b) BERNHARD [Berenger] (-killed 903, bur Buchau).� The Chronicle of Herimanni Augiensis names in 902 "Beringer, Reginolf et Gerhard, nobles germani fratres filii Atonis comitis et Adellind�in pago Alamanni� Erichgewe�cum sororem virginem"[1053].� The Annales Alammanici record that "Reginhard, Perinhart et Kerhard germani" were killed in 903[1054].�

c) GERHARD (-killed 903, bur Buchau).� The Chronicle of Herimanni Augiensis names in 902 "Beringer, Reginolf et Gerhard, nobles germani fratres filii Atonis comitis et Adellind�in pago Alamanni� Erichgewe�cum sororem virginem"[1055].� The Annales Alammanici record that "Reginhard, Perinhart et Kerhard germani" were killed in 903[1056].�

d) daughter .� The Chronicle of Herimanni Augiensis names in 902 "Beringer, Reginolf et Gerhard, nobles germani fratres filii Atonis comitis et Adellind�in pago Alamanni� Erichgewe�cum sororem virginem"[1057].�

24. HUNFRID [I], son of --- (-808 or after).� Marchese in Istria 799.� Pope Leo III wrote a letter to Emperor Charlemagne dated 806 which names �missi vestry Helmengaudus�atque Hunfridus�comites�[1058].� Graf in R�tien 806/808.�

-�� SWABIA NOBILITY.�

25. KARLOMAN (-after 1 Oct 834).� "Uuarinus" donated property "in pago�Perahtoldipara in vico�Uurmmeringa" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 30 Mar 797 subscribed by "Caramanni comitis"[1059].� A charter dated 1 Oct 834 recording a donation of property "in Rietheim" to St Gallen terminates with "sub Caromanno comite"[1060].�

26. KONRAD (-after 1 Apr 861).� Graf im Alpgau.� A charter dated 13 Oct 839 recording a donation of property "in� pago Albegauge in villa�Nordhouun" to St Gallen terminates with "sub Chuonrato comite"[1061].� A charter dated 24 Jun 850 recording a donation of property to St Gallen terminates with "sub Choanrato comite"[1062].� A charter dated 9 Jul 856 recording a donation of property "in Argungoue" to St Gallen terminates with "sub Chuonrato comite"[1063].� Graf im Linzgau.� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed an exchange of property between the monastery of St Gallen and "comis�Chuonratus", the latter's property being "in comitatu Linzigauge in loco�Eigilesuuilare" by charter dated 1 Apr 861[1064].�

Two brothers, parents not known:�

27. KONRAD (-killed 994).� The Annales Einsidlenses that "Counradus comes" was killed in 994[1065].� Jackson suggests that Konrad belonged to the Franconian Konradiner family, maybe the son of Udo von Maienfeld who was outlawed in 966, based on onomastics and the connection with Einsiedeln (founded by Hermann I Duke of Swabia)[1066].� m LUTGARDIS, daughter of ---.� The Book of Seasons of Einsiedeln monastery records the donation by "Luitgardis comitissa uxor comitis Chuononis occisi" of "pr�dium in Aquaregia et in Wangen"[1067].� Konrad & his wife had [one possible child]:�

a) [AMAZO .� The Traditiones of Einsiedeln monastery records the donation by "Amazo adolescens eorundem stirpis [iamdicti Cuonradi comitis]" of "villa Aquaregi� id est Aegri habuit" and that Amazo met his death while campaigning in Lombardy[1068], although the exact relationship between Konrad and Amazo is not� known.]�

28. BERNHARD .� The Traditiones of Einsiedeln monastery records the donation by "comes Bernhardus frater iamdicti Cuonradi comitis" of "Wittenhein"[1069].� Jackman comments that the Book of Seasons does not give the relationship and that the "later traditiones were tampered with by their 16th century editor Gils Tchudi in at least one instance [and] that entries that are not confirmed in the Book of Seasons must fall under suspicion"[1070].�

29. LIUDO (-after 10 Mar 952).� "Otto�rex" donated property "in pago Zuriggauui in commitatu Liudonis commitis�Ruueris" to Kloster St Felix and Regula by charter dated 10 Mar 952[1071].�

30. LIUTOLD (-after 24 Jun 850).� A charter dated 31 Oct 843 recording a donation of property to St Gallen terminates with "sub Liutolto comite"[1072].� A charter dated 24 Jun 850 recording a donation of property to St Gallen terminates with "sub Liutolto comite"[1073].�

31. LIUTWARD (-after 887).� Bishop.� The Gesta regum Francorum names "in Alamannia�genere natum nomine Liutwardum [episcopum]" in 887[1074].�

32. RUOTGER (-after 26 Aug 798).� "Ruadkerus" donated property "in inferiore Lengiuuanc et in Entingas" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 26 Aug 798 "sub Odalrico comite"[1075].�

33. RUOTGER (-after 24 May 845).� A charter dated 18 May 834 recording a donation of property "in Argungau" to St Gallen terminates with "sub Ruadchario comite"[1076].� A charter dated 23 Nov 836 recording a donation of property "in Hemminbah" to St Gallen terminates with "sub Ruchario comite"[1077].� A charter dated 13 Nov 839 recording a donation of property "in Rihchinbah" to St Gallen terminates with "sub Ruachario comite"[1078].� A charter dated 24 May 845 recording a donation of property to St Gallen terminates with "sub Ruacherio comite"[1079].�

34. TISO (-after 10 Oct 846).� A charter dated 10 Oct 846 recording a donation of property to St Gallen terminates with "sub Tisone comite"[1080].�

35. UTO (-after 28 Apr 857).� A charter dated 24 Jun 851 recording a donation of property to St Gallen terminates with "sub Utone comite"[1081].� A charter of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated 22 Jul 854 records the settlement of a dispute between Kloster St Gallen and the bishop of Konstanz related to property "�in comitatu Utonis comitis in pagello Perahtoltespara in villa Paldinga�[et] in pago Arbonensi in villa Puocha"[1082].� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed an exchange of property with Folkwin Abbot of Reichenau including property "in comitatu Utonis in pago Bara in villa Heidenhouun", by charter dated 28 Apr 857[1083].�

36. WALDBERT (-after 29 Apr 958).� "Otto�rex" donated property "in pago Engrisgouue in comitatu Uualtbrahtti in loco�Uuidhergis" to "matrone fidelique nostre Reginlind" at the request of "Burghardi ducis" by charter dated 29 Apr 958[1084].�

37. WOLFHER (-after 29 May 888).� Karl III King of Germany granted property "in comitatu Turgeuue" to "Wolfarius" by charter dated 9 Dec 879[1085].� Arnulf King of Germany granted property "in pago Prisihigouui�in comitatu Vuolfures�in loco Tuginga" to Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 29 May 888[1086].�

Two siblings:�

38. WOLFHER (-after 1000).� A charter (now lost, evidence of which exists only in later French translation) confirms the foundation in 1000 of the abbey of Honcourt [Hugeshoffen] "situ� en l��v�ch� de Strasbourg dans la for�t de V�ge" by "le Comte Wuher d�Ortemburg" {"un ch�teau situ�s sur une montagne qui regarde au septentrion le Val-de-Viller et celui de Liepvre au Midy", according to Calmet in footnote s} and records donations to the monastery of property "� Northusen" by "son �pouse Hemeldreite et son fils Volmar", at "Egenesheim" by "Berlinte s�ur du comte", of "trois �glises paroissiales en Lorraine" by "le comte Lutolf et le pr�tre Donutus", of property "� Flershein" [Fl�rsheim 15 km north-west of Worms?] by "le comte Adelbert de Hagensburg et Junlte son �pouse", and the confirmation of the abbey�s privileges by "Frideric Empereur Romain" witnessed by "Hermanus �v�que de Verden�"[1087].� m HIMILTRUD, daughter of --- (-after 1000).� A charter (now lost, evidence of which exists only in later French translation) confirms the foundation in 1000 of the abbey of Honcourt [Hugeshoffen] by "le Comte Wuher d�Ortemburg" and records donations to the monastery of property "� Northusen" by "son �pouse Hemeldreite et son fils Volmar"[1088].� Wuther & his wife had one child:�

a) FOLMAR .� A charter (now lost, evidence of which exists only in later French translation) confirms the foundation in 1000 of the abbey of Honcourt [Hugeshoffen] by "le Comte Wuher d�Ortemburg" and records donations to the monastery of property "� Northusen" by "son �pouse Hemeldreite et son fils Volmar"[1089].�

39. BERLINTE .� A charter (now lost, evidence of which exists only in later French translation) confirms the foundation in 1000 of the abbey of Honcourt [Hugeshoffen] by "le Comte Wuher d�Ortemburg" and records donations to the monastery of property at "Egenesheim" by "Berlinte s�ur du comte"[1090].�

40. WOLUENE (-after Aug 876).� "Karolo, Hludewici�regis filio" (later Emperor Karl III) confirmed rights of "Gozpertum fidelem comitem nostrum" in Kloster Rheinau, founded by Karl with "vir quidam illustris Woluene", and donated property "in pago Turgowe�in pago Chleggowe in villa�Arcingen" by charter dated Aug 876[1091].�

B.�� 11th CENTURY

1. ADALBERT (-after 20 Aug 1063).� Heinrich IV King of Germany donated property "villam Aderstede�in pago Sueuio�in comitatu�Adalberti comitis" to the church of Halberstadt by charter dated 20 Aug 1063[1092].�

2. ADALHARD (-after 1016).� Two charters dated 1016 records the foundation of Kloster Oberstenfeld by "Adelhardus comes cum filio meo Heinrico", subscribed by "Heinricus filius comitis Hecelonis"[1093].� m ---.� The name of Adalhard's wife is not known.� Adalhard & his wife had one child:

3. ANSELM (-after 1 Jun 1048).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed property "�in pago Haglegowe in villa Dahun in comitatu Anselmi comitis" to the cathedral of Basel by charter dated 1 Jun 1048[1095].�

4. EGINO (-after 12 Jul 1050).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Ottonis comitis�a valle Versamia ex utraque parte Rheni usque ad� fluvium Langorum" to the church of Chur by charter dated 12 Jul 1050 "cum consensus pr�dicti Ottonis comitis et Roudolfi, Eginonis et filiorum eius, alterius Eginonis, Hunberti, Adelberonis et c�terorum conprovincialium"[1096].�

5. EGINO (-after 12 Jul 1050).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Ottonis comitis�a valle Versamia ex utraque parte Rheni usque ad� fluvium Langorum" to the church of Chur by charter dated 12 Jul 1050 "cum consensus pr�dicti Ottonis comitis et Roudolfi, Eginonis et filiorum eius, alterius Eginonis, Hunberti, Adelberonis et c�terorum conprovincialium"[1097].�

6. KUNO (-before 14 Jan 1023, bur Kloster Kaufungen).� "Otto�imperator augustus" confirmed donations "in pago Spirhkeuuui et in comitatu Uurmacenis Ottonis sita" to the church at Speier by "Conone comite" in a charter dated 18 Aug 982[1098].� "Otto�rex" donated property "Nuzbach�in pago Mordenouua et in comitatu Cuononis comitis" to Kloster Waldkirch naming "bone memorie Burghardi Alemannorum ducis�sueque contectalis Haduuuige" by charter dated 22 Dec 994[1099].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 14 Jan 1023 "pro remedio anim�fidelium nostrorum, quorum ibi corpora requiescunt, Erphonis scilicet comitis atque Cononis"[1100].�

7. KUNO (-after 1 Mar 1064).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated "Ensichesheim in pago Alsacia et in comitatu Cononis comitis" to the church of Basel by charter dated 1 Jun 1052[1101].� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed the donation of property "in comitatu Chunonis comitis et in pago Alsatia�" to Kloster Otmarsheim by "vidua Chunigund�a marito illius Rudolpho" by charter dated 1 Mar 1064[1102].�

8. LIUTOLD (-after 1 Mar 1064).� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed the donation of property "in comitatu Chunonis comitis et in pago Alsatia�in comitatu Gerardi comitis�in comitatu Wernhardi comitis et in pago Mortenva�in comitatu Herimanni comitis et in pago Brisergouia�in comitatu Rudolphi comitis et in pago Scerron�in comitatu Liutoldi comitis et in pago Chletgowe�in comitatu Arnoldi comitis et in pago Frichgoue" to Kloster Otmarsheim by "vidua Chunigund�a marito illius Rudolpho" by charter dated 1 Mar 1064[1103].�

9. OTTO (-after 12 Jul 1050).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Ottonis comitis�a valle Versamia ex utraque parte Rheni usque ad fluvium Langorum" to the church of Chur by charter dated 12 Jul 1050 "cum consensus pr�dicti Ottonis comitis et Roudolfi, Eginonis et filiorum eius, alterius Eginonis, Hunberti, Adelberonis et c�terorum conprovincialium"[1104].�

10. RUDOLF (-after 1 Mar 1064).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed property "�in pago Sysgowe in villis Melin et Gurbulun in comitatu Rudolfi comitis�" to the cathedral of Basel by charter dated 1 Jun 1048[1105].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Ottonis comitis�a valle Versamia ex utraque parte Rheni usque ad� fluvium Langorum" to the church of Chur by charter dated 12 Jul 1050 "cum consensus pr�dicti Ottonis comitis et Roudolfi, Eginonis et filiorum eius, alterius Eginonis, Hunberti, Adelberonis et c�terorum conprovincialium"[1106].� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed the donation of property "�in comitatu Rudolphi comitis et in pago Scerron�" to Kloster Otmarsheim by "vidua Chunigund�a marito illius Rudolpho" by charter dated 1 Mar 1064[1107].� m KUNIGUND, daughter of ---.� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed the donation of property "�in comitatu Rudolphi comitis et in pago Scerron�" to Kloster Otmarsheim by "vidua Chunigund�a marito illius Rudolpho" by charter dated 1 Mar 1064[1108].�

Chapter 6.�� PFALZGRAFEN

1. THIMO (-after 11 Oct 831).� Pfalzgraf [in Bayern?].� �Timo palacii comes, Luitpald comes...� witnessed the charter dated 11 Oct 831 which records �Presbyter...Sigifuns� donating property �in loco Puppininga� to Freising[1109].� same person as...?� THIMO (-after 837).� �Comis...Vuillihelmus� donated �Sconheringa, Cheminatum, et Purcheim� to Regensburg by charter dated 837, witnessed by �Ernost comis, Vuernheri, Timo...Rihho com...�[1110].� Kurze identifies the witness �Timo� as the same person who was named 11 Oct 831[1111].� If he is correct, it is curious why the witness was not accorded the comital title.�

2. FRITILO [I] (-after 11 Mar [853]).� Pfalzgraf [in Bayern?].� �Fritilo palatinus comis, Cundpald comis, alius Cundpald comis, Ratolt comis, Herilant comis, Orendil comis...� witnessed the charter dated 10 Aug/22 Aug 843 which records an agreement between �Erchanbertus Frigisiensis ecclesi� episcopus...nepos suus Reginbertus� and �Paldricho�[1112].� �Ratolt comes, Fritilo palatii comes...� witnessed the charter dated 21 Dec 843 which records �Presbyter Oadalhart� donating property to Freising[1113].� �Fritilo palatii comes...� witnessed the charter dated 10 May 845 which records �Kerhart et coniux mea...Deota...et filii nostri� donating property �in loco...ad Paingas� and serfs to Freising[1114].� "�Fritilo�" is among those listed as present in the charter dated 12 Oct 847 under which King Ludwig II granted property to "Pribina"[1115].� Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed a judgment relating to property of Kloster Kempten by charter dated 11 Mar [853] which names "advocati sui Milonis, Babone, Fritilone, Etzone comitibus"[1116].�

3. RUDOLT [Hruodolt] (-after 871).� Pfalzgraf [in Schwaben?].� A charter of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated 22 Jul 854 records the settlement of a dispute between Kloster St Gallen and the bishop of Konstanz related to property "�in comitatu Ruadolti comitis palatii in pagello Affa in villa Antoluinga"[1117].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Otgarius episcopus et Hruodoltus comes palatii et Ernustus filius Ernusti ducis" were sent to Bohemia in 857 and occupied "civitatem Wiztrachi ducis", expelling "Sclaiutago filio Wiztrachi" who fled to "Rastizen�frater eius" who had previously been banished to "apud Zistiborum Sorabum"[1118].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Amum episcopum et Ruodoltum comitem" were sent by Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks to to fight the Bohemians in 871[1119].�

4. FRITILO [II] (-after 8 Feb 870).� Pfalzgraf [in Bayern?].� �Fritilo palatinus comes...� witnessed the charter dated 8 Feb 870 which records a donation made to Freising by �Peretkunda qu�dam sanctimonialis�[1120].� Kurze suggests that Fritilo [II] was a different person from Fritilo [I][1121], but the chronology suggests that they may have been the same person.�

5. BERTHOLD (-after 17 Mar 892).� Pfalzgraf [in ---?].� Karl III King of the East Franks donated �insulam juris Regni nostri Italici...Sugzaria in comitatu Brixiensi, idest inter Padam et Zaram...� to Reggio, at the request of �Waltfredus insignis dapifer et Pertoldus illustris comes palatii�, by charter dated 26 Dec [880 corrected to 879][1122].� �Perehtodi palacii comitis...Arnolf com...� witnessed the charter dated 21/28 Mar 889 under which �Cadaloh� exchanged serfs with St Gallen[1123].� "Chadoloh" exchanged serfs with St Gallen by charter dated 17 Mar 892, witnessed by �Perehto(l)di palacii comitis...Arnolf comes...�[1124].�

6. MEGINHARD (-after 883).� Pfalzgraf [in ---?].� �Meginhardus palatinus comes, Korescalcus comes, Wetti comes...� witnessed the charter dated 883 which records an agreement between Arnold Bishop of Freising and �Wicdarp�[1125].�

Chapter 7.�� OTHER GERMAN NOBILITY (Unallocated)

This chapter sets out a group of nobles whose allocation to a particular province in Germany is not obvious on the basis of the limited primary source information which is currently available.�

A.�� 9th and 10th CENTURIES

1. CHUSSAL (-killed 904).� The Annales Alammanici record that "Chussal dux eorum [=Baugariis]" and his followers were killed in 904[1126].�

2. ERLEBOLD (-847).� The Annales Alammanici record the death of "Tatto et Erlaboldus" in 847[1127].�

3. HEINRICH (-after 18 Feb 996).� "Otto�rex" gave property "in villis Ahuson et Uuestheim in pago Sualueldon et in comitatu Adelhardi comitis" which "Wicnant nostre regali tradidit potestati" to "Heinrico comiti" by charter dated 18 Feb 996[1128].�

4. HILDUIN (-after 24 May 975).� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "quam antea quidam Gerricus tenuit�Richolueschiricha�in comitatu Hildilimi comitis et in pago Logenahe" by charter dated 24 May 975 on the intervention of "Hildilini comitis fideli nostro"[1129].�

5. LANDOLT (-991).� The Annales Einsidlenses record the death in 991 of "Landold comes"[1130].�

6. MEGINHERE (-after 811).� Einhard names "Meginherus comes" as one of the 15 witnesses of the testament of Emperor Charlemagne dated 811[1131].� m ---, daughter of HARDRAD & his wife ---.� Meginhere & his wife had one child:�

a) REGINHERE [Reginar] (-[after Nov 853]).� Einhard's Annales name "Eggideo inter amicos regis primus, et Reginhardus camerarius eius et Reginharius Meginharii comitis filius, cuius maternus avus Hardradus olim in Germania�contra Karlum imperatorem coniuravit" as conspirators in 817[1132].� Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris also refers to this incident involving "Reginherius olim comes palatii imperatoris, filius Meginherii comitis"[1133], in a later passage giving his ancestry "Reginharium, qui erat filius fili� Hardrad�, qui erat dux Austri� infidelissimus"[1134]. �The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Reginherus olim comes palatii imperatoris filius Meginherii comitis, sed et Reginhardus pr�positus camer� regalis" [in 817][1135].� A document issued by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated Nov 853 names "Folcoinus episcopus, Adalgarius, Engilscalcus et Berengarius" as missi in "comitatu Berengarii, Engilscalchi, Gerardi et in comitatibus Reginarii"[1136].� It is not certain that "Reginar" named in 853 was the same person as "Reginharius" named in 817.� His name suggests a family connection with Giselbert Graf im Maasgau (see the document LOWER LOTHARINGIA NOBILITY), probable ancestor of the later Comtes de Hainaut and Dukes of Brabant.�

7. MORBARD (-after [830/35]).� Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Morbardum palatinum comitem", in a passage which includes no date references but which is placed in the Vita among text which records events in the early 830s[1137]. �

8. RABAN (-856).� The Annales Alammanici record the death of "Truago et Rabanus" in 856[1138].�

9. REGILO (-988).� The Annales Einsidlenses record the death in 988 of "Regilo comes" and in 989 of "item�Regilo filio eius"[1139].� m ---.� The name of Regilo's wife is not known.� Regilo & his wife had one child:

a) REGILO (-989).� The Annales Einsidlenses record the death in 988 of "Regilo comes" and in 989 of "item�Regilo filio eius"[1140].�

10. RUDOLF (-after 873).� The Annales Fuldenses record "Hruodolfus" in 873[1141].�

11. TATTO (-847).� The Annales Alammanici record the death of "Tatto et Erlaboldus" in 847[1142].�

12. TRUAGO (-856).� The Annales Alammanici record the death of "Truago et Rabanus" in 856[1143].�

13. TRUTWIND (-after 9 Dec 995).� "Otto�rex" gave property "Laresbach in pago Kunigissundero in comitatu Trutwindi comitis" to Kloster Bleidenstadt by charter dated 9 Dec 995[1144].�

14. UODO (-after 858).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Adalhartus abbas et Oto comes" in 858[1145].�

15. WALFRIED (-849).� The Annales Alammanici record the death of "Walachfredus" in 849[1146].�

16. WALFRIED (-after Feb 876).� An agreement dated Feb 876 of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks names "Bosonis�ducis et sacri palatii archiministri atque imperiali missi, Richardi comitis, Walfridi comitis, Liutfridi comitis, Alberici comitis, Supponis comitis, Hardingi comitis, Bodradi comitis palatii, Cuniberti comitis, Bernardi comitis, Airboldi comitis" as present in Italy with the king[1147].�

B.�� 11th CENTURY

1. ERPO (-before 14 Jan 1023, bur Kloster Kaufungen).� "Otto�imperator augustus" gave property "in villa Sunthvson�in pago Helmengouue�ac comitatu Erponis comitis" to "clerico fideli nostro Gundharius" in a charter dated 31 Jan 983[1148].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 14 Jan 1023 "pro remedio anim�fidelium nostrorum, quorum ibi corpora requiescunt, Erphonis scilicet comitis atque Cononis"[1149].�

2. LIUZO (-after 6 Dec 1016).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "Uillam et Curtile quas�Otto tercius imperator de Liuzone comite�acquisivit" to Kloster Burtscheid by charter dated 6 Dec 1016[1150].�

[1] Arnold, B. (2003) Princes and territories in medieval Germany (Cambridge University Press), pp. 135-151.�

[2] D LD 90, p. 128.�

[3] Reindel, K. (1953) Die bayerischen Liupoldinger 893-989 (Munich), p. 77, charter no. 48, cited in Reuter, T. (1991) Germany in the early middle ages c.800-1056 (Longman), p. 130.�

[4] D K I 3, p. 3.�

[5] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 911, MHG SS V, p. 111.�

[6] Annales Alammanicorum Continuatio Sangallensis altera 911, MGH SS I, p. 55.�

[7] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[8] Grote, H. (1877) Stammtafeln (reprint Leipzig, 1984), pp. 471-4.�

[9] D Arn 75, p. 112.�

[10] D LK 20, p. 125.�

[11] For example D LK 31, p. 143, and D LK 44, p. 164.�

[12] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[13] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[14] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses 957, MGH SS XIII, p. 198.�

[15] D Kn 3, p. 288.�

[16] D LD 69, p. 96.�

[17] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 884, MGH SS I, p. 399.�

[18] D Kn 1, p. 286.�

[19] D Arn 8, p. 15.�

[20] D Arn 21, p. 31.�

[21] D Arn 32, p. 47.�

[22] D Arn 44, p. 63.�

[23] D Arn 98, p. 143.�

[24] Reuter (1991), p. 124.�

[25] D Arn 156, p. 236.�

[26] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 898, MGH SS I, p. 413.�

[27] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 898, MGH SS I, p. 413.�

[28] D LK 31, p. 143.�

[29] Additiones Legis Baiuwariorum, MGH LL 3, p. 480.�

[30] (1849) Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch, Band I c 700-1137 (Stuttgart, 1849, reprint 1972) (�W�rttembergisches Urkundenbuch I�), 107, p. 123.�

[31] D LD 38, p. 49.�

[32] D LD 99, p. 143.�

[33] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[34] D LD 66, p. 90.�

[35] W�rttembergisches Urkundenbuch I, 122, p. 143.�

[36] D Arn 134, p. 201.�

[37] D LK 20, p. 125.�

[38] D LK 30, p. 142.�

[39] D LD 66, p. 90.�

[40] D LD 72, p. 101.�

[41] D Arn 156, p. 236.�

[42] Wegener, W. (1965/67) Genealogischen Tafeln zur mitteleurop�ischen Geschichte (Verlag Degener), p. 76.�

[43] ES III 54.�

[44] D O I 217, p. 299.�

[45] D O I 219, p. 301.�

[46] D O I 315, p. 429.�

[47] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[48] Raccolta di documenti per servire alla storia ecclesiastica Lucchese, Memorie e Documenti per servire all�historia di Lucca, Tomo IV, Parte II (Lucca, 1836) ("Lucca Memorie e Documenti"), Appendice, XXV, p. 35.�

[49] D O I 49, p. 133.�

[50] D O I 126, p. 207.�

[51] D O I 203, p. 282.�

[52] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[53] Libri Anniversariorum et Necrologium Monasterii Sancti Galli, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 462.�

[54] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[55] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[56] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[57] Jaksch, A. von (ed.) (1904) Monumenta historica ducatus Carinthi�, Band III, Die K�rntner Geschichtsquellen 811-1202 (Klagenfurt) ("K�rntner Geschichtsquellen (1904)"), 90, p. 34.�

[58] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[59] D LD 125, p. 175.�

[60] Reginonis Chronicon 906, MGH SS I, p. 612.�

[61] D LK 53, p. 178.�

[62] D LK 60, p. 189.�

[63] Annales Alammanicicorum continuatio Sangallensis altera 908, MGH SS I, p. 54.�

[64] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[65] K�rntner Geschichtsquellen (1904), 89, p. 33.�

[66] D Kn 18, p. 310.�

[67] D Arn 52, p. 74.�

[68] D Arn 75, p. 112.�

[69] Annales Fuldenses Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 895, MGH SS I, p. 410.�

[70] D Arn 132, p. 197.�

[71] Annales Fuldenses Pars Tertia, auctore incerto 879, MGH SS I, p. 392.�

[72] Annales Fuldenses, pars quinta 898, MGH SS I, p. 414.�

[73] D LD I, p. 1.�

[74] Pez, B. (1721) Thesaurus Anecdotorum Novissimus, Tome I, Pars III, Cap. LXXII, p. 245.�

[75] D LD 46 p. 62.�

[76] Annales Fuldenses Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 849, MGH SS I, p. 365.�

[77] D LD 72, p. 101.�

[78] Adnuntatio domni Karoli, MGH LL 1, p. 469.�

[79] Annales Fuldenses Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 861, MGH SS I, p. 374.�

[80] Annales Fuldenses 865, MGH SS I, p. 379.�

[81] Annales Xantenses 866, MGH SS II, p. 232.�

[82] Annales Fuldenses Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 857, MGH SS I, p. 370.�

[83] Jackman, D. C. 'Cousins of the German Carolingians', Keats-Rohan, K. S. B. and Settipani, C. (eds.) (2000) Onomastique et Parent� dans l'Occident medieval (Prosopographica et Genealogica, Vol. 3), p. 116.�

[84] Annales Bertiniani III 861.�

[85] Jackman, D. C. 'Cousins of the German Carolingians', Keats-Rohan, K. S. B. and Settipani, C. (eds.) (2000) Onomastique et Parent� dans l'Occident medieval (Prosopographica et Genealogica, Vol. 3), p. 116.�

[86] D Kn 26, p. 323.�

[87] Annales Bertiniani 861.�

[88] Jackman (2000), p. 117.�

[89] D LD 40, p. 52.�

[90] See http://www.region-online.de/gemeinde/aarbergen/historiekettenbach.htm for a short history of the monastery of Kettenbach.�

[91] Annales Bertiniani 865.�

[92] Annales Bertiniani 865.�

[93] D LD 38, p. 49.�

[94] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[95] Annales Colonienses Brevissimi 849, MGH SS I, p. 97.�

[96] D LD 94, p. 135.�

[97] Adnuntatio domni Karoli, MGH LL 1, p. 469.�

[98] Annales Fuldenses Pars Tertia, auctore incerto 864, MGH SS I, p. 379.�

[99] Annales Bertiniani III 866.�

[100] Annales Fuldenses Pars Tertia, auctore incerto 866, MGH SS I, p. 379.�

[101] D LJ 2, p. 334.�

[102] Annales Fuldenses Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 861, MGH SS I, p. 374.�

[103] Annales Fuldenses Pars Tertia, auctore incerto 866, MGH SS I, p. 379.�

[104] Annales Fuldenses Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 861, MGH SS I, p. 374.�

[105] Annales Bertiniani 861.�

[106] Annales Fuldenses Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 861, MGH SS I, p. 374.�

[107] Annales Bertiniani 865.�

[108] Annales Fuldenses Pars Tertia, auctore incerto 866, MGH SS I, p. 379.�

[109] Bloch, H. (ed.) �Die �lteren Urkunden des Klosters S. Vanne zu Verdun�, Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft f�r lothringische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 10th year, 1898 (�Verdun Saint-Vanne (1898)�), VI, p. 384.�

[110] Annales Bertiniani 865.�

[111] Annales Fuldenses Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 861, MGH SS I, p. 374.�

[112] ES I.1 8.�

[113] Gesta Treverorum, 27, MGH SS VIII, p. 165.�

[114] Grote (1877), p. 490.�

[115] Jackman, D. C. (1997) Criticism and Critique, sidelights on the Konradiner (Oxford Unit for Prosopographical Research), p. 114.�

[116] D Kn 3, p. 288.�

[117] D Arn 72, p. 107.�

[118] D Arn 175, p. 264.�

[119] D LK 20, p. 125.�

[120] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[121] D K I 9, p. 10.�

[122] D K I 9, p. 10.�

[123] D K I 21, p. 20.�

[124] D LD 66, p. 90.�

[125] D Arn 75, p. 112.�

[126] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[127] Falke [the full reference is not given], p. 312, quoted in Raumer, G. W. von (1836) Regesta Histori� Brandenburgensis, Tome I (Berlin), p. 21.�

[128] D H I 14, p. 50.�

[129] D O I 33, p. 119.�

[130] D O I 125, p. 206.�

[131] Libri Anniversariorum et Necrologium Monasterii Sancti Galli, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 462.�

[132] Annales Fuldenses 863, MGH SS I, p. 374.�

[133] Annales Fuldenses Pars Tertia, auctore incerto 869, MGH SS I, p. 381.�

[134] Annales Fuldenses Pars Tertia, auctore incerto 866, MGH SS I, p. 379.�

[135] Annales Fuldenses 869, MGH SS I, p. 379.�

[136] D Arn 176, p. 266.�

[137] D LK 10, p. 111.�

[138] D LK 28, p. 138.�

[139] D LK 30, p. 142.�

[140] D LK 31, p. 143.�

[141] D LK 44, p. 164.�

[142] D LK 53, p. 178.�

[143] D LD 88, p. 126.�

[144] Karoli II Conventus Ticinensis, MGH LL 1, p. 528.�

[145] D LJ 15, p. 353.�

[146] D Arn 13, p. 21.�

[147] D Arn 75, p. 112.�

[148] D Arn 77, p. 115.�

[149] D Arn 173, p. 262.�

[150] D O I 202, p. 281.�

[151] D O I 221, p. 303.�

[152] D O I 279, p. 395.�

[153] D O I 33, p. 119.�

[154] D O I 49, p. 133.�

[155] D Arn 75, p. 112.�

[156] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[157] D Arn 156, p. 236.�

[158] D Arn 162, p. 245.�

[159] D Arn 173, p. 262.�

[160] D LK 30, p. 142.�

[161] D LK 39, p. 156.�

[162] D LK 44, p. 164.�

[163] D K I 3, p. 3.�

[164] D Arn 162, p. 245.�

[165] D Arn 164, p. 250.�

[166] D Arn 172, p. 261.�

[167] D Arn 173, p. 262.�

[168] D LK 28, p. 138.�

[169] D LK 30, p. 142.�

[170] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[171] Meichelbeck, K. (1724) Histori� Frisingensis, Tome I, Pars altera instrumentaria, DLIX, p. 293.�

[172] Ried, T. (ed.) (1816) Chronologico Diplomaticus Episcopatus Ratisbonensis, Tomus I Diplomata S�culi VIII-XIII (Regensburg) (�Regensburg Cartulary�), Section I, n^o. LXXIX, p. 79.�

[173] Jackman (2000), p. 116.�

[174] D Kn 26, p. 323.�

[175] Annales Bertiniani III 861.�

[176] Birth date range estimated from the approximate date of birth of her son Arnulf in [850], and bearing in mind the estimated birth date of Karloman.�

[177] D Arn 87, p. 128.�

[178] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 1, MGH SS XV.1, p. 557.�

[179] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 1 and 2, MGH SS XV.1, pp. 557-8.�

[180] �gidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.�

[181] Jackman (2000), p. 116.�

[182] D Arn 162, p. 245.�

[183] ES I.1 83.�

[184] Wegener (1965/67), pp. 71-2.�

[185] K�rntner Geschichtsquellen (1904), 89, p. 33.�

[186] Reuter (1991), p. 151.�

[187] Reuter (1991), p. 156.�

[188] ES III 26.�

[189] Wegener (1965/67), p. 83.�

[190] Urkundenbuch des Landes ob der Enns, Vol. II, I, p. 1.�

[191] Urkundenbuch des Landes ob der Enns, Vol. II, II, p. 2.�

[192] Annales Fuldensis 824, MGH SS I, p. 358.�

[193] D K I 31, p. 28.�

[194] D LK 31, p. 143.�

[195] LL S, p. 380, cited in Wegener (1965/67), p. 83.�

[196] Additiones Legis Baiuwariorum, MGH LL 3, p. 480.�

[197] Annales Fuldenses 857, MGH SS I, p. 370.�

[198] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[199] D O II 235, p. 264.�

[200] D O III 22, p. 420.�

[201] D O I 203, p. 282.�

[202] D O II 165, p. 185.�

[203] D O III 1, p. 393.�

[204] D O I 32, p. 118.�

[205] K�rntner Geschichtsquellen (1904), 90, p. 34.�

[206] D LD 38, p. 49.�

[207] K�rntner Geschichtsquellen (1904), 90, p. 34.�

[208] D H I 19, p. 54.�

[209] D LD 65, p. 89.�

[210] Karoli II Conventus Silvacensis, Missi�et pagi� 11, MGH LL 1, p. 426.�

[211] D Arn 75, p. 112.�

[212] D LD 21, p. 25.�

[213] Urkundenbuch des Landes ob der Enns, Vol. II, II, p. 2.�

[214] D O I 433, p. 585.�

[215] K�rntner Geschichtsquellen (1904), 89, p. 33.�

[216] K�rntner Geschichtsquellen (1904), 90, p. 34.�

[217] W�rttembergisches Urkundenbuch I, 115, p. 134.�

[218] D LD 53, p. 71.�

[219] D LD 94, p. 135.�

[220] Adnuntatio domni Karoli, MGH LL 1, p. 469.�

[221] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[222] D O III 25, p. 425.�

[223] Annales Sancti Emmerammi Ratisponensis 819, MGH SS I, p. 93.�

[224] Urkundenbuch des Landes ob der Enns, Vol. II, II, p. 2.�

[225] D O III 26, p. 425.�

[226] D O III 26, p. 425.�

[227] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[228] D O I 202, p. 281.�

[229] Annales Fuldenses Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 884, MGH SS I, p. 399.�

[230] D K I 35, p. 32.�

[231] D H I 5, p. 43.�

[232] Regensburg Cartulary, Section I, n^o. XXX, p. 32.�

[233] Pez (1721) Thesaurus Anecdotorum Novissimus, Tome I, Pars III, Cap. LXXII, p. 245.�

[234] D LD 64, p. 87.�

[235] Salzb. UB 1, p. 87 n 23, cited in Wegener (1965/67), p. 118.�

[236] D LD 99, p. 143.�

[237] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[238] D H II 366, p. 468.�

[239] D H II 372, p. 476.�

[240] D H II 427, p. 542.�

[241] D K II 124, p. 169.�

[242] D H II 457, p. 579.�

[243] D K II 124, p. 169.�

[244] D H IV 126, p. 164.�

[245] D O III 370, p. 798.�

[246] Not� Necrologic� Monasterii Inferioris Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 289.�

[247] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[248] Necrologium Weltenburgense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.�

[249] Breve Chronicon Ex MS. Prumiensi, Veterum Scriptorum IV, col. 517.�

[250] D H III 78, p. 102.�

[251] D H III 78, p. 102.�

[252] Breve Chronicon Ex MS. Prumiensi, Veterum Scriptorum IV, col. 517.�

[253] D H II 315, p. 395.�

[254] D H II 366, p. 468.�

[255] D H II 372, p. 476.�

[256] D H IV 193, p. 249.�

[257] D H IV 297, p. 390.�

[258] D H IV 304, p. 400.�

[259] Regensburg Cartulary, Section I, n^o. CLIII, p. 147.�

[260] Regensburg Cartulary, Section I, n^o. CLIII, p. 147.�

[261] Regensburg Cartulary, Section I, n^o. CLIII, p. 147.�

[262] Meichelbeck (1724) Histori� Frisingensis, Tome I, Pars altera instrumentaria, DCXXIX, p. 320.�

[263] Meichelbeck (1724) Histori� Frisingensis, Tome I, Pars altera instrumentaria, DCXXIX, p. 320.�

[264] D H II 366, p. 468.�

[265] D H II 372, p. 476.�

[266] D K II 124, p. 169.�

[267] Meichelbeck (1724) Histori� Frisingensis, Tome I, Pars altera instrumentaria, DCXXIX, p. 320.�

[268] D O III 152, p. 562.�

[269] D H II 149, p. 177.�

[270] D K II 179, p. 238.�

[271] D H II 230bis, p. 419, the editor's introduction dating this event to 1011.�

[272] D H IV 209, p. 267.�

[273] D H IV 268, p. 343, headed "verunechtet" in the compilation.�

[274] D H IV 269, p. 345.�

[275] Meichelbeck (1724) Histori� Frisingensis, Tome I, Pars altera instrumentaria, DCXXIX, p. 320.�

[276] D H II 427, p. 542.�

[277] MGH Const. I, 33, p. 65.�

[278] D H II 506, p. 647.�

[279] Meichelbeck (1724) Histori� Frisingensis, Tome I, Pars altera instrumentaria, DCXXIX, p. 320.�

[280] D H II 366, p. 468.�

[281] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses 957, MGH SS XIII, p. 198.�

[282] D H IV 122, p. 161.�

[283] Regensburg Cartulary, Section I, n^o. CLX, p. 152.�

[284] Regensburg Cartulary, Section I, n^o. CLX, p. 152.�

[285] Wegener (1965/67), p. 211, which gives his two brothers and two sons, unconnected with any other families.�

[286] D H IV 164, p. 212.�

[287] This family is set out in Wegener (1965/67), pp. 216-17.�

[288] D H III 213, p. 283.�

[289] D H III 243, p. 324.�

[290] D H IV 61, p. 79, headed "verunechtet" in the compilation.�

[291] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses 957, MGH SS XIII, p. 198.�

[292] D H III 213, p. 283.�

[293] D H III 213, p. 283.�

[294] D H III 213, p. 283.�

[295] D O III 58, p. 463.�

[296] D H II 67, p. 83.�

[297] D O III 412, p. 846.�

[298] D LD 15, p. 17.�

[299] D O I 29, p. 115.�

[300] MGH Capitularia I, 151, p. 308.�

[301] Settipani, C. and Kerrebrouck, P. van (1993) La pr�histoire des Cap�tiens 481-987, 1�re partie, M�rovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens (Villeneuve d'Ascq), p. 402 footnote 18.�

[302] Settipani (1993), p. 402 footnote 18.�

[303] D LD 46, p. 62.�

[304] Beyer, H. (ed.) (1860) Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien (Coblenz), Vol. I, (�Mittel