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219 relations: A. A. K. Niazi, Abdul Kader Siddique, Abdul Quader Molla, Abul Barkat (economist), Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman, Abul Kalam Azad (politician), Abul Khair (Bengali intellectual), AFM Alim Chowdhury, Ahmed Sharif, Ajoy Roy, Akhira massacre, Al-Badr (East Pakistan), Al-Shams (East Pakistan), Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed, Altaf Mahmud, Anthony Mascarenhas, Anwar Pasha, Archer Blood, Asghar Khan, Asia Times, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Asma Jahangir, Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan), Bakhrabad massacre, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Awami League, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, Bangladesh Liberation War, Bangladesh Nationalist Party, Bangladeshi general election, 2008, Bangladeshis, BBC, BBC News, Benefit concert, Bengal, Bengali Genocide Remembrance Day, Bengali language, Bengali literature, Bengalis, Biafra, Buddhism, Burunga massacre, Catholic Church, Central Intelligence Agency, Channel 4, Children of War (2014 film), Christian Gerlach, Christopher Hitchens, Chuknagar massacre, ..., Civil society, Cold War, Collaborationism, Communism, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Crimes against humanity, Culture of Bangladesh, Culture of Bengal, Daily Sun (Bangladesh), Daily Times (Pakistan), Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War, Delhi Agreement, Deportation, Deutsche Presse-Agentur, Dhaka, Dhirendranath Datta, Drishtipat, Durham University, East Bengali refugees, East Pakistan, East Pakistan Central Peace Committee, Economic and Political Weekly, Ethnic cleansing, Faizul Mahi, Foreign Secretary (Bangladesh), Genocidal rape, Genocide, Genocide Convention, Genocide denial, George Washington University, Ghulam Azam, Ghyasuddin Ahmed, Governor-General of Pakistan, Govinda Chandra Dev, Guinness World Records, Hamid Mir, Hamoodur Rahman Commission, Heathrow Airport, Henry Kissinger, Hindu, Hinduism, Hindustan Times, India, Indian Army, Indira Gandhi, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Inter-Services Intelligence, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, International Commission of Jurists, International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh), International law, International Planned Parenthood Federation, Iran, Ithaca College, Jagannath Hall, Jahanara Imam, Jamaat-e-Islami, Jathibhanga massacre, Jinjira massacre, Jordan, Judas Iscariot, Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta, Kader Bahini, Kashmir, Khadim Hussain Raja, Lakh, Language Movement, List of Latin phrases (D), Martial law, Mass grave, Mass murder, Matlab (Bangladesh), Metropolitan Police Service, Militia, Mirpur Model Thana, Mohammadpur Thana, Mohammed Fazle Rabbee, Movement demanding trial of war criminals (Bangladesh), Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Mukti Bahini, Muktijuddho e-Archive, Munier Choudhury, Muslim League (Pakistan), Naeem Mohaiemen, Nakhalpara, National Security Archive, Nawaz Sharif, New Age (Bangladesh), New York City, Nilima Ibrahim, Nizam-e-Islam Party, Nizamuddin Ahmed, Operation Searchlight, Outlook (magazine), Pakistan Armed Forces, Pakistan Army, Pakistani general election, 1970, Partition of India, Pejorative, Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh, Pervez Musharraf, Peter Tomsen, Philip Hensher, Political science, Pravda, Presidency of Richard Nixon, PublicAffairs, Punjabi language, Ramna Kali Mandir, Ranadaprasad Saha, Rashid Talukder, Rashidul Hasan, Razakar (Pakistan), Redress (charitable organisation), Richard Nixon, Rudolph Rummel, Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury, Salima Hashmi, Santosh Chandra Bhattacharya, Sarmila Bose, Selina Parvin, Shahidullah Kaiser, Shankharibazar massacre, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sirajul Haque Khan, Soviet Union, Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh, Susan Brownmiller, Sydney Schanberg, Syed Mohammad Ahsan, Targeted killing, Ted Kennedy, The Bangladesh Observer, The BMJ, The Concert for Bangladesh, The Daily Star (Bangladesh), The Independent, The New York Times, The Trial of Henry Kissinger, The Tribune (Chandigarh), Tikka Khan, Time (magazine), Treason, Trial in absentia, Turkey, United Nations, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Security Council, United States Department of State, United States Information Agency, United States Senate, University of Hawaii, Urdu, War children, War crime, War Crimes Fact Finding Committee, Washington, D.C., West Pakistan, Women Under Siege Project, Women's Media Center, Yahya Khan, Zahir Raihan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, 1970 Bhola cyclone, 1971 Dhaka University massacre, 2013 Shahbag protests. Expand index (169 more) »
A. A. K. Niazi
Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi (Urdu: امیر عبداللہ خان نیازی; b. 1915–1 February 2004),, popularly known as A.A.K. Niazi or General Niazi was a former lieutenant-general in the Pakistan Army and the last Governor of East Pakistan, known for commanding the Eastern Command of Pakistani military in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the Eastern and the Western Fronts of the Indo-Pakistani war until the unilateral surrendering on the 16 December 1971 to Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of the Eastern Command and the Bengali Liberation Forces.
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Abdul Kader Siddique
Abdul Kader Siddique (আবদুল কাদের সিদ্দিকী, born 1948 in Tangail) often hailed as Bagha (Tiger) Kader or Bangabir (Hero of Bengal) is one of the most famous fighters and organizers of the Bangladesh Liberation War.
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Abdul Quader Molla
Abdul Quader Molla (আব্দুল কাদের মোল্লা; 14 August 1948 – 12 December 2013) was a Bangladeshi Islamist leader, writer, and politician of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, who was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal, Bangladesh (ICT) set up by the government of Bangladesh and hanged.
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Abul Barkat (economist)
Abul Barkat (born September 27, 1954) is a Bangladeshi economist and a professor in the Department of Economics, University of Dhaka.
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Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman
Abul Hasnat Muhammad Kamaruzzaman (1926 – November 3, 1975) was a Bangladeshi politician, senior government minister and a leading member of the Awami League.
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Abul Kalam Azad (politician)
Abul Kalam Azad, (born 5 March 1947) is a former Bangladeshi politician of the Jamaat-e-Islami, televangelist and convicted war criminal of the Bangladesh liberation war.
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Abul Khair (Bengali intellectual)
Abul Khair (1929 – 14 December 1971) was a Bengali educator.
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AFM Alim Chowdhury
Abul Fayez Mohammad Abdul Alim Chowdhury (1928–1971) was an eye specialist in Bangladesh.
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Ahmed Sharif
Ahmed Sharif (13 February 1921 – 24 February 1999) was an educationist, philosopher, critic, writer and scholar of medieval Bengali literature.
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Ajoy Roy
Ajoy Roy (born 1 March 1935) is a retired professor of physics at the Dhaka University of Bangladesh, but is best known for his prominent role in Bangladesh human rights activism and freethinking.
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Akhira massacre
Akhira massacre (আখিরা হত্যাকান্ড) was a massacre of the emigrating Hindus of the then Dinajpur district near Baraihat on 17 April 1971 by the Pakistani army with collaboration from the local Razakars.
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Al-Badr (East Pakistan)
The Al-Badr (আল বদর) was a paramilitary force which operated in East Pakistan against the Bengali nationalist movement during the Bangladesh Liberation War, under the patronage of the Pakistani government.
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Al-Shams (East Pakistan)
The Al-Shams (আল শামস) was an anti-Bangladesh paramilitary wing of several Islamist parties in East Pakistan composed of local Bengalis and Biharis that along with the Pakistan Army and the Al-Badr, is accused of conducting a mass killing campaign against Bengali nationalists, civilians, religious and ethnic minorities during 1971.
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Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed
Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed (আলী আহসান মোহাম্মদ মোজাহিদ; 23 June 1948 – 22 November 2015) was a convicted war criminal and former Bangladeshi politician who served as a Member of Parliament and as the Minister of Social Welfare from 2001 to 2007 of Bangladesh.
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Altaf Mahmud
Altaf Mahmud (আলতাফ মাহমুদ; December 23, 1933 – September 1971) was a musician, cultural activist, and martyred freedom fighter of the Bangladesh Liberation War.
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Anthony Mascarenhas
Neville Anthony Mascarenhas (10 July 1928 – 3 December 1986) was a Pakistani journalist and author.
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Anwar Pasha
Anwar Pasha (1928–1971) was a Bangladeshi novelist.
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Archer Blood
Archer Kent Blood (March 20, 1923 – September 3, 2004) was an American career diplomat and academic.
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Asghar Khan
Mohammad Asghar Khan (اصغر خان 17 January 1921 – 5 January 2018), was a Pakistani politician and an autobiographer, later a dissident serving for the cause of pacifism, peace, and the human rights.
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Asia Times
Asia Times is a Hong Kong-based Philippine English-language news website covering politics, economics, business and culture "from an Asian perspective specially Philippine".
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Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh was established as the Asiatic Society of Pakistan in Dhaka in 1952, and renamed in 1972.
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Asma Jahangir
Asma Jilani Jahangir (عاصمہ جہانگیر|ʿĀṣimah Jahāṉgīr; 27 January 1952 – 11 February 2018) was a Pakistani human rights lawyer and social activist who co-founded and chaired the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan.
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Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
The assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the killing of the president of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and almost his entire family.
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Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)
Mohammad Ayub Khan (محمد ایوب خان; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974),, was a Pakistani military dictator and the 2nd President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from 1st President through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969., Retrieved 25 August 2015 Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British Indian Army before deciding to transfer to join the Pakistan Army as an aftermath of partition of British India in 1947. His command assignment included his role as chief of staff of Eastern Command in East-Bengal and elevated as the first native commander-in-chief of Pakistan Army in 1951 by then-Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in a controversial promotion over several senior officers., Retrieved 25 August 2015 From 1953–58, he served in the civilian government as Defence and Home Minister and supported Iskander Mirza's decision to impose martial law against Prime Minister Feroze Khan's administration in 1958., Retrieved 27 August 2015 Two weeks later, he took over the presidency from Mirza after the meltdown of civil-military relations between the military and the civilian President., Retrieved 25 August 2015 After appointing General Musa Khan as an army chief in 1958, the policy inclination towards the alliance with the United States was pursued that saw the allowance of American access to facilities inside Pakistan, most notably the airbase outside of Peshawar, from which spy missions over the Soviet Union were launched. Relations with neighboring China were strengthened but deteriorated with Soviet Union in 1962, and with India in 1965. His presidency saw the war with India in 1965 which ended with Soviet Union facilitating the Tashkent Declaration between two nations. At home front, the policy of privatisation and industrialization was introduced that made the country's economy as Asia's fastest-growing economies. During his tenure, several infrastructure programs were built that consisted the completion of hydroelectric stations, dams and reservoirs, as well as prioritizing the space program but reducing the nuclear deterrence. In 1965, Ayub Khan entered in a presidential race as PML candidate to counter the popular and famed non-partisan Fatima Jinnah and controversially reelected for the second term. He was faced with allegations of widespread intentional vote riggings, authorized political murders in Karachi, and the politics over the unpopular peace treaty with India which many Pakistanis considered an embarrassing compromise. In 1967, he was widely disapproved when the demonstrations across the country were led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto over the price hikes of food consumer products and, dramatically fell amid the popular uprising in East led by Mujibur Rahman in 1969. Forced to resign to avoid further protests while inviting army chief Yahya Khan to impose martial law for the second time, he fought a brief illness and died in 1974. His legacy remains mixed; he is credited with an ostensible economic prosperity and what supporters dub the "decade of development", but is criticized for beginning the first of the intelligence agencies' incursions into the national politics, for concentrating corrupt wealth in a few hands, and segregated policies that later led to the breaking-up of nation's unity that resulted in the creation of Bangladesh., Retrieved 25 August 2015.
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Bakhrabad massacre
Bakhrabad massacre (বাখরাবাদ হত্যাকান্ড) was a massacre of the Hindu population of Bakhrabad village, in the district of the Comilla, on 24 May 1971 by the Pakistani army with the help of Al Badr and Al Shams, during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
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Bangladesh
Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.
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Bangladesh Awami League
The Bangladesh Awami League (BAL) (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ; translated from Urdu: Bangladesh People's League), often simply called the Awami League or AL, is one of the two major political parties of Bangladesh.
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Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami (বাংলাদেশ জামায়াতে ইসলামী), previously known as Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, or Jamaat for short, is the largest Islamist political party in Bangladesh.
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Bangladesh Liberation War
The Bangladesh Liberation War (মুক্তিযুদ্ধ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in what was then East Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide.
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Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Bangladesh Nationalist Party (বাংলাদেশ জাতীয়তাবাদী দল, transliterated: Bangladesh Jātīẏatābādī Dôl), always abbreviated as BNP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties of Bangladesh.
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Bangladeshi general election, 2008
The Ninth National Parliamentary Elections 2008 (নবম জাতীয় সংসদ নির্বাচন ২০০৮) were held in Bangladesh on 29 December 2008.
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Bangladeshis
No description.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.
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Benefit concert
A benefit concert or charity concert is a type of musical benefit performance (e.g., concert, show, or gala) featuring musicians, comedians, or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose, often directed at a specific and immediate humanitarian crisis.
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Bengal
Bengal (Bānglā/Bôngô /) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in Asia, which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.
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Bengali Genocide Remembrance Day
Bengali Genocide Remembrance Day (বাঙ্গালি গণহত্যা স্মরণ দিবস Bāṅgāli Gaṇahatyā Smaraṇ Dibas/ Bangali Gonohotta Shoron Dibosh or Bangladesh Genocide Memorial Day is a national day to be observed on 25 March in Bangladesh to commemorate the victims of the Bengali Genocide of 1971, approved unanimously in 2017.
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Bengali language
Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Asia.
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Bengali literature
Bengali literature (বাংলা সাহিত্য, Bangla Sahityô) denotes the body of writings in the Bengali language.
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Bengalis
Bengalis (বাঙালি), also rendered as the Bengali people, Bangalis and Bangalees, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group and nation native to the region of Bengal in the Indian subcontinent, which is presently divided between most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, Jharkhand.
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Biafra
Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist state in West Africa which existed from 30 May 1967 to January 1970; it was made up of the states in the Eastern Region of Nigeria.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Burunga massacre
Burunga massacre (বুরুঙ্গা হত্যাকান্ড) was a massacre of the Hindu population of Burunga and nearby villages on the Burunga High School grounds, in the district of Sylhet by the Pakistani army on 26 May 1971.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).
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Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982.
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Children of War (2014 film)
Children of War, also known as The Bastard Child, is a 2014 Hindi drama film directed by Mrityunjay Devrat.
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Christian Gerlach
Hans Christian Gerlach is professor of Modern History at the University of Bern.
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Christopher Hitchens
Christopher Eric Hitchens (13 April 1949 – 15 December 2011) was an Anglo-American author, columnist, essayist, orator, religious and literary critic, social critic, and journalist.
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Chuknagar massacre
Chuknagar massacre (চুকনগর হত্যাকান্ড) was a massacre committed by the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
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Civil society
Civil society is the "aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens".
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Collaborationism
Collaborationism is cooperation with the enemy against one's country in wartime.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.
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Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack or individual attack directed against any civilian or an identifiable part of a civilian population.
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Culture of Bangladesh
The Culture of Bangladesh refers to the way of life of the people of Bangladesh.
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Culture of Bengal
The culture of Bengal encompasses the Bengal region in South Asia, including Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam (Barak Valley), where the Bengali language is the official and primary language.
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Daily Sun (Bangladesh)
Daily Sun is an English-language daily newspaper published in Dhaka, Bangladesh, founded in 2010.
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Daily Times (Pakistan)
The Daily Times (DT) is an English-language Pakistani newspaper.
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Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War
Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War is a controversial book on the Bangladesh Liberation War written by Sarmila Bose.
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Delhi Agreement
The Delhi Agreement was a trilateral agreement signed between India, Pakistan and Bangladesh on 28 August 1973; and ratified only by India and Pakistan.
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Deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country.
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Deutsche Presse-Agentur
Deutsche Presse-Agentur GmbH (DPA; German Press Agency) is a German news agency founded in 1949.
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Dhaka
Dhaka (or; ঢাকা); formerly known as Dacca is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh.
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Dhirendranath Datta
Dhirendranath Datta (2 November 1886 – disappeared 29 March 1971) was a Bengali lawyer by profession who was also active in the politics of undivided Bengal in pre-partition India, and later in East Pakistan (1947–1971).
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Drishtipat
Drishtipat (দৃষ্টিপাত) is a non-profit, expatriate Bangladeshi organisation that works on human rights in Bangladesh.
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Durham University
Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, North East England, with a second campus in Stockton-on-Tees.
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East Bengali refugees
East Bengali Refugees refers to the people who left East Bengal following the Partition of Bengal, which was part of the Independence of India and Pakistan in 1947.
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East Pakistan
East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.
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East Pakistan Central Peace Committee
East Pakistan Central Peace Committee (পূর্ব পাকিস্তান কেন্দ্রীয় শান্তি কমিটি; مشرقی پاکستان مرکزی امن کمیٹی), also known as the Nagorik Shanti Committee (Citizen's Peace Committee), or more commonly Peace Committee or Shanti Committee, was one of several committees formed in East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) in 1971 by the Pakistan Army to aid its efforts in crushing the rebellion for Bangladesh independence.
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Economic and Political Weekly
The Economic and Political Weekly is a weekly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all social sciences, and is published by the Sameeksha Trust.
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Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic or racial groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous.
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Faizul Mahi
Dr.
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Foreign Secretary (Bangladesh)
The Foreign Secretary is the most senior diplomat and governmental, non-political official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) of the Government of Bangladesh.
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Genocidal rape
Genocidal rape is a term used to describe the actions of a group who have carried out acts of mass rape during wartime against their perceived enemy as part of a genocidal campaign.
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Genocide
Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part.
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Genocide Convention
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1948 as General Assembly Resolution 260.
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Genocide denial
Genocide denial is the attempt to deny or minimize statements of the scale and severity of an incidence of genocide.
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George Washington University
No description.
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Ghulam Azam
Ghulam Azam (গোলাম আযম; 7 November 192223 October 2014) was a Bangladeshi politician convicted of war crimes by a Bangladeshi tribunal.
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Ghyasuddin Ahmed
Ghyasuddin Ahmed, (গিয়াসউদ্দিন আহমেদ;1935 – 14 December 1971) born in the district of Narsingdi, was a Bengali Educationist.
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Governor-General of Pakistan
The Governor-General of Pakistan (گورنر جنرل پاکستان), was the representative in Pakistan of the British monarch, from the country's independence in 1947.
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Govinda Chandra Dev
Govinda Chandra Dev (1 February 1907 – 26 March 1971), known as G. C. Dev, was a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dhaka.
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Guinness World Records
Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world.
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Hamid Mir
Hamid Mir (حامِد مِير) (born 23 July 1966) is a Pakistani journalist, news anchor and an author.
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Hamoodur Rahman Commission
The Hamoodur Rahman Commission (otherwise known as "War Enquiry Commission"), was a judicial inquiry commission that assessed Pakistan's political–military involvement in East-Pakistan from 1947 to 1971.
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Heathrow Airport
Heathrow Airport (also known as London Heathrow) is a major international airport in London, United Kingdom.
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Henry Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, May 27, 1923) is an American statesman, political scientist, diplomat and geopolitical consultant who served as the United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
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Hindu
Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.
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Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.
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Hindustan Times
Hindustan Times is an Indian English-language daily newspaper founded in 1924 with roots in the Indian independence movement of the period ("Hindustan" being a historical name for India).
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indian Army
The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces.
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Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (née Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician, stateswoman and a central figure of the Indian National Congress.
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Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations-mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear. India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. "Satisfied that it had secured a strategic and psychological victory over Pakistan by frustrating its attempt to seize Kashmir by force, when the UN resolution was passed, India accepted its terms... with Pakistan's stocks of ammunition and other essential supplies all but exhausted, and with the military balance tipping steadily in India's favour." "Losses were relatively heavy—on the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistan's army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan." Quote: The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. By the time the United Nations intervened on 22 September, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat. Although the two countries fought to a standoff, the conflict is seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, "... the war itself was a disaster for Pakistan, from the first failed attempts by Pakistani troops to precipitate an insurgency in Kashmir to the appearance of Indian artillery within range of Lahore International Airport." – U.S. Department of State, – Interview with Steve Coll in United States House of Representatives 12 September 1994South Asia in World Politics By Devin T. Hagerty, 2005 Rowman & Littlefield,, p. 26 as it had neither succeeded in fomenting insurrection in Kashmir "... after some initial success, the momentum behind Pakistan's thrust into Kashmir slowed, and the state's inhabitants rejected exhortations from the Pakistani insurgents to join them in taking up arms against their Indian "oppressors." Pakistan's inability to muster support from the local Kashmiri population proved a disaster, both militarily and politically." nor had it been able to gain meaningful support at an international level. "Mao had decided that China would intervene under two conditions—that India attacked East Pakistan, and that Pakistan requested Chinese intervention. In the end, neither of them obtained." Internationally, the war was viewed in the context of the greater Cold War, and resulted in a significant geopolitical shift in the subcontinent. Before the war, the United States and the United Kingdom had been major material allies of both India and Pakistan, as their primary suppliers of military hardware and foreign developmental aid. During and after the conflict, both India and Pakistan felt betrayed by the perceived lack of support by the western powers for their respective positions; those feelings of betrayal were increased with the imposition of an American and British embargo on military aid to the opposing sides. As a consequence, India and Pakistan openly developed closer relationships with the Soviet Union and China, respectively. The perceived negative stance of the western powers during the conflict, and during the 1971 war, has continued to affect relations between the West and the subcontinent. In spite of improved relations with the U.S. and Britain since the end of the Cold War, the conflict generated a deep distrust of both countries within the subcontinent which to an extent lingers to this day."In retrospect, it is clear that the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 represented a watershed in the West's association with the subcontinent.""By extending the Cold War into South Asia, however, the United States did succeed in disturbing the subcontinent's established politico-military equilibrium, undermining British influence in the region, embittering relations between India and Pakistan and, ironically, facilitating the expansion of communist influence in the developing world." "The legacy of the Johnson arms cut-off remains alive today. Indians simply do not believe that America will be there when India needs military help... the legacy of the U.S. "betrayal" still haunts U.S.-Pakistan relations today.".
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Inter-Services Intelligence
The Inter-Services Intelligence (بین الخدماتی مخابرات, abbreviated as ISI) is the premier intelligence agency of Pakistan, operationally responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world.
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International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) is an international health research organisation located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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International Commission of Jurists
The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is an international human rights non-governmental organization.
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International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)
The International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) (ICT of Bangladesh) is a domestic war crimes tribunal in Bangladesh set up in 2009 to investigate and prosecute suspects for the genocide committed in 1971 by the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators, Razakars, Al-Badr and Al-Shams during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
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International law
International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations.
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International Planned Parenthood Federation
The International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) is a global non-governmental organisation with the broad aims of promoting sexual and reproductive health, and advocating the right of individuals to make their own choices in family planning.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Ithaca College
Ithaca College is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational liberal arts college located on the South Hill of Ithaca, New York, United States.
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Jagannath Hall
Jagannath Hall of Dhaka University is a residence hall for minority students, Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, and others.
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Jahanara Imam
Jahanara Imam (জাহানারা ইমাম) (3 May 1929 – 26 June 1994) was a Bangladeshi writer and political activist.
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Jamaat-e-Islami
Jamaat-e-Islami (Urdu: جماعتِ اسلامی) is an Islamic political organisation and social conservative movement founded in 1941 in British India by the Islamist theologian and socio-political philosopher, Abul Ala Maududi.
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Jathibhanga massacre
Jathibhanga massacre (জাঠিভাঙ্গা হত্যাকান্ড) was a massacre of the emigrating Bengali population in the Jathibhanga area of Shukhanpukuri Union under Thakurgaon sub-division of greater Dinajpur district on 23 April 1971 by the Pakistani Army in collaboration with the Razakars.
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Jinjira massacre
Jinjira massacre was a planned killing of civilians by the Pakistan army during the Bangladesh liberation war of 1971.
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Jordan
Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.
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Judas Iscariot
Judas Iscariot (died AD) was a disciple and one of the original Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ.
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Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta
Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta (10 July 1920 – 30 March 1971) was a Bengali educator and humanist of the former East Pakistan, now Bangladesh.
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Kader Bahini
Kader Bahini (Force of Kader) was a guerrilla independence militia during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.
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Kashmir
Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.
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Khadim Hussain Raja
Khadim Hussain Raja (b. Haranpur, Jhelum District, British India 1922/11/23; d. 1999/12/09, Islamabad, Pakistan) was a Pakistani army officer who attained the rank of Major General.
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Lakh
A lakh (abbreviated L; sometimes written Lac or Lacs) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105).
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Language Movement
The Language Movement (ভাষা আন্দোলন Bhasha Andolôn) was a political movement in former East Bengal (currently Bangladesh) advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as an official language of the then-Dominion of Pakistan in order to allow its use in government affairs, the continuation of its use as a medium of education, its use in media, currency and stamps, and to maintain its writing in the Bengali script.
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List of Latin phrases (D)
Additional sources.
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Martial law
Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civilian functions of government, especially in response to a temporary emergency such as invasion or major disaster, or in an occupied territory. Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public.
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Mass grave
A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may not be identified prior to burial.
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Mass murder
Mass murder is the act of murdering a number of people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity.
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Matlab (Bangladesh)
Matlab was an Upazila (subdistrict) of Chandpur District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
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Metropolitan Police Service
The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), commonly known as the Metropolitan Police and informally as the Met, is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London, which is the responsibility of the City of London Police.
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Militia
A militia is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a nation, or subjects of a state, who can be called upon for military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members of a warrior nobility class (e.g., knights or samurai).
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Mirpur Model Thana
Mirpur (মীরপুর/মিরপুর) is a thana of Dhaka city, Bangladesh.
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Mohammadpur Thana
Mohammadpur (মোহাম্মদপুর) is a thana of Dhaka District in the division of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Mohammed Fazle Rabbee
Mohammed Fazle Rabbee (occasionally spelled Rabbi, মোহাম্মদ ফজলে রাব্বী; 21 September 1932 – 15 December 1971) was a renowned cardiologist and a published medical researcher.
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Movement demanding trial of war criminals (Bangladesh)
The movement demanding trial of war criminals is a protest movement in Bangladesh, from 1972 to present.
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Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury
Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury (22 July 1926 – 14 December 1971) was a prominent Bengali essayist, prized scholar of Bengali literature, educator and linguist of the Bengali language.
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (محمد علی جناح ALA-LC:, born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.
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Mukti Bahini
The Mukti Bahini (মুক্তি বাহিনী translates as 'Freedom Fighters', or Liberation Forces; also known as the Bangladesh Forces) is a popular Bengali term which refers to the guerrilla resistance movement formed by the Bangladeshi military, paramilitary and civilians during the War of Liberation that transformed East Pakistan into Bangladesh in 1971.
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Muktijuddho e-Archive
Muktijuddho e-Archive (মুক্তিযুদ্ধ ই-আর্কাইভ), also known as Bangladesh Liberation War e-Archive, is a 'Library, Archive & Research' organization, founded in 2007, working with collection, preservation & distribution of historical documents & research on the Liberation War of Bangladesh and Genocide of Innocent Bengali People in 1971.
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Munier Choudhury
Munier Choudhury (27 November 192514 December 1971) was a Bangladeshi educationist, playwright, literary critic and political dissident.
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Muslim League (Pakistan)
The Muslim League was the original successor of the All India Muslim League that led the Pakistan Movement achieving an independent nation.
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Naeem Mohaiemen
Naeem Mohaiemen uses essays, film, and mixed-media installations to research South Asia's two postcolonial markers (1947, 1971).
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Nakhalpara
Nakhalpara is one of the most densely populated small area in the capital city Dhaka of Bangladesh.
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National Security Archive
The National Security Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-governmental, non-profit research and archival institution located on the campus of the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1985 to check rising government secrecy, the National Security Archive is an investigative journalism center, open government advocate, international affairs research institute, and is the largest repository of declassified U.S. documents outside the federal government.
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Nawaz Sharif
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu/میاں محمد نواز شریف, born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani business magnate and former politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms, all of the three terms were unsuccessful.
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New Age (Bangladesh)
New Age is a Bangladeshi English-language daily newspaper published from Dhaka.
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New York City
The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.
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Nilima Ibrahim
Nilima Ibrahim (11 October 1921 – 18 June 2002) was a Bangladeshi educationist, littérateur and social worker.
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Nizam-e-Islam Party
Nizam-e-Islam is a political party in Bangladesh which was created in East Pakistan.
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Nizamuddin Ahmed
Nizamuddin Ahmed, (নিজাম উদ্দিন আহমেদ; c. 1929 – 12 December 1971) was a Bangladeshi journalist.
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Operation Searchlight
Operation Searchlight was a planned military operation carried out by the Pakistan Army to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in the erstwhile East Pakistan in March 1971, which the Pakistani state justified on the basis of anti-Bihari violence by Bengalis in early March.
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Outlook (magazine)
Outlook is a weekly general interest English news magazine published in India.
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Pakistan Armed Forces
The Pakistan Armed Forces (پاکستان مُسَلّح افواج, Pākistān Musallah Afwāj) are the military forces of Pakistan.
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Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army (پاک فوج Pak Fauj (IPA: pɑk fɒ~ɔd͡ʒ); Reporting name: PA) is the land-based force of the Pakistan Armed Forces.
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Pakistani general election, 1970
General elections were held in Pakistan on 7 December 1970.
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Partition of India
The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.
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Pejorative
A pejorative (also called a derogatory term, a slur, a term of abuse, or a term of disparagement) is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative connotation or a low opinion of someone or something, showing a lack of respect for someone or something.
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Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.
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Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh
The Bihari Muslim minority in Bangladesh (also known as Stranded Pakistanis) were subject to persecution during and after the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, (called the Civil War in Pakistan) experiencing widespread discrimination.
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Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf (پرویز مشرف; born 11 August 1943) is a Pakistani politician and a retired four-star army general who was the tenth President of Pakistan from 2001 until tendering resignation, to avoid impeachment, in 2008.
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Peter Tomsen
Peter Tomsen (born November 19, 1940), is a retired American diplomat and educator, serving as United States Special Envoy to Afghanistan from 1989 to 1992, and United States Ambassador to Armenia between 1995 and 1998.
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Philip Hensher
Philip Michael Hensher FRSL (born 20 Feb 1965) is an English novelist, critic and journalist.
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Political science
Political science is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, and political behavior.
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Pravda
Pravda (a, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, formerly the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the country with a circulation of 11 million.
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Presidency of Richard Nixon
The presidency of Richard Nixon began at noon EST on January 20, 1969, when Richard Nixon was inaugurated as 37th President of the United States, and ended on August 9, 1974, when he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office, the first U.S. president ever to do so.
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PublicAffairs
PublicAffairs (or PublicAffairs Books) is an imprint of the Perseus Books Group, an American book publishing company located in New York City.
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Punjabi language
Punjabi (Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ; Shahmukhi: پنجابی) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by over 100 million native speakers worldwide, ranking as the 10th most widely spoken language (2015) in the world.
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Ramna Kali Mandir
The Ramna Kali Mandir (রমনা কালী মন্দির) was a temple in Dhaka begun in the time of the Mughal Empire.
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Ranadaprasad Saha
Ranadaprasad Saha (also RP Saha; রণদাপ্রসাদ সাহা; 15 November 1896 – May 1971) was a Bangladeshi businessman and philanthropist.
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Rashid Talukder
Rashid Talukder (রশীদ তালুকদার; 24 October 1939 – 25 October 2011) was a noted Bangladeshi photojournalist for The Daily Ittefaq, most known for capturing some of the defining images of the atrocities during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.
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Rashidul Hasan
SMA Rashidul Hasan (193214 December 1971) was a Bengali educationist.
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Razakar (Pakistan)
Razakar (رضاکار, literally "volunteer"; রাজাকার) was an anti-Bangladesh paramilitary force organised by the Pakistan Army in Bangladesh during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
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Redress (charitable organisation)
Redress, or The Redress Trust is a human rights organisation based in London, England, that helps survivors of torture to obtain justice and reparation, in the form of compensation, rehabilitation, official acknowledgement of the wrong and formal apologies.
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Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so.
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Rudolph Rummel
Rudolph Joseph Rummel (October 21, 1932 – March 2, 2014) was professor of political science who taught at the Indiana University, Yale University, and University of Hawaii.
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Sahabzada Yaqub Khan
Sahabzada Yaqub Ali Khan (Urdu: صاحبزادہ یعقوب خان; born 23 December 1920 – 26 January 2016) SPk, was a Pakistani statesman, diplomat, military figure, pacifist, linguist, and a retired three-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army.
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Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury
Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury (সালাউদ্দিন কাদের চৌধুরী; 13 March 1949 – 22 November 2015) was a convicted war criminal, former Bangladeshi politician, minister and six-term member of parliament and member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) Standing Committee, who served as the adviser of parliamentary affairs to Prime Minister Khaleda Zia in from 2001 to 2006.
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Salima Hashmi
Salima Hashmi (سلیمہ ہاشمی.; born 1942) is a Pakistani painter artist, former college professor and anti-nuclear weapons activist.
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Santosh Chandra Bhattacharya
Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya (সন্তোষচন্দ্র ভট্টাচার্য) (30 August 1915 – 14 December 1971) was a Senior Lecturer of the Department of History at the University of Dhaka, who was killed by an Al Badr squad on 14 December 1971.
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Sarmila Bose
Sarmila Bose is an American journalist and academic of Indian origin.
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Selina Parvin
Selina Parvin (31 March 193114 December 1971) was a Bangladeshi journalist and poet.
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Shahidullah Kaiser
Shahidullah Kaiser (শহীদুল্লা কায়সার; 16 February 192714 December 1971) was a Bangladeshi novelist and writer.
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Shankharibazar massacre
Shankharibazar massacre (শাঁখারীবাজার হত্যাকান্ড) was a massacre of the Hindus of the Shankharibazar area of Old Dhaka on 26 March 1971 by the Pakistani occupation army.
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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান);; (17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), shortened as Sheikh Mujib or just Mujib, was a Bengali politician and statesman.
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Sirajul Haque Khan
Sirajul Haque Khan, (1924 – 14 December 1971) born in the district of Noakhali, was a Bengali educationist and martyred intellectual of 1971.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh
Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh (پھنسے ہوئے پاکستانی, উদ্বাস্তু পাকিস্তানী) are Urdu-speaking Muslim migrants with homelands in present-day India and Pakistan who settled in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) following the partition of India in 1947.
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Susan Brownmiller
Susan Brownmiller (born February 15, 1935) is an American feminist journalist, author, and activist best known for her 1975 book Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape.
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Sydney Schanberg
Sydney Hillel Schanberg (January 17, 1934 – July 9, 2016) was an American journalist who was best known for his coverage of the war in Cambodia.
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Syed Mohammad Ahsan
Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan (ﺴﻴﺩ ﻣﺤﻣﺪ ﺍﺣﺴﻦ b. 1920 – d. 1989), often known as S. M. Ahsan, was a three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, politician, and the Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Navy, serving under President Ayub Khan from 1966 until 1969.
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Targeted killing
Targeted killing is defined as a form of assassination based on the presumption of criminal guilt.
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Ted Kennedy
Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009) was an American politician who served in the United States Senate from Massachusetts for almost 47 years, from 1962 until his death in 2009.
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The Bangladesh Observer
The Bangladesh Observer, founded by Hamidul Huq Choudhury in 1949, was the oldest, continuously published English language daily newspaper in Bangladesh until it ceased publication in June 2010.
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The BMJ
The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.
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The Concert for Bangladesh
The Concert for Bangladesh (or Bangla Desh, as the country was originally spelled) was the name given to two benefit concerts organised by former Beatles lead guitarist George Harrison and Indian sitar master Ravi Shankar.
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The Daily Star (Bangladesh)
The Daily Star is the largest circulating daily English-language newspaper in Bangladesh.
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The Independent
The Independent is a British online newspaper.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The Trial of Henry Kissinger
The Trial of Henry Kissinger is a 2001 book by Christopher Hitchens examining the alleged war crimes of Henry Kissinger, the National Security Advisor and later United States Secretary of State for Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
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The Tribune (Chandigarh)
The Tribune is an Indian English-language daily newspaper published from Chandigarh, New Delhi, Jalandhar, Dehradun and Bathinda.
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Tikka Khan
General Tikka Khan (ٹِکّا خان), (February 1915 – 28 March 2002),, was a four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army who served as the first chief of army staff from 3 March 1972 till retiring on 1 March 1976.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Treason
In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's nation or sovereign.
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Trial in absentia
Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding in a court of law in which the person who is subject to it is not physically present at those proceedings.
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Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development network.
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United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.
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United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.
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United States Information Agency
The United States Information Agency (USIA), which existed from 1953 to 1999, was a United States agency devoted to "public diplomacy".
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United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.
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University of Hawaii
The University of Hawaiʻi system (formally the University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH) is a public, co-educational college and university system that confers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through three university campuses, seven community college campuses, an employment training center, three university centers, four education centers and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the State of Hawaii in the United States.
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Urdu
Urdu (اُردُو ALA-LC:, or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language.
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War children
War children are those born to a native parent and a parent belonging to a foreign military force (usually an occupying force, but also military personnel stationed at military bases on foreign soil).
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War crime
A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.
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War Crimes Fact Finding Committee
The War Crimes Fact Finding Committee were set up in Bangladesh to investigate the Human rights abuses carried out during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.
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West Pakistan
West Pakistan (مغربی پاکستان,; পশ্চিম পাকিস্তান) was one of the two exclaves created at the formation of the modern State of Pakistan following the 1947 Partition of India.
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Women Under Siege Project
The Women Under Siege Project is an independent initiative of the Women's Media Center (WMC).
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Women's Media Center
Women's Media Center (WMC) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit women's organization in the United States founded in 2005 by writers and activists Jane Fonda, Robin Morgan, and Gloria Steinem.
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Yahya Khan
Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (آغا محمد یحییٰ خان; 4 February 1917 – 10 August 1980), widely known as Yahya Khan,, was the third President of Pakistan, serving in this post from 25 March 1969 until turning over his presidency in December 1971.
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Zahir Raihan
Zahir Raihan (19 August 1935 – disappeared 30 January 1972) was a Bangladeshi novelist, writer and filmmaker.
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Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973.
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1970 Bhola cyclone
The 1970 Bhola cyclone was a devastating tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) and India's West Bengal on November 12, 1970.
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1971 Dhaka University massacre
Dhaka University was the centre for development of Independence of Bangladesh.
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2013 Shahbag protests
On February 5, 2013, protests began in Shahbag, Bangladesh following demands for capital punishment for Abdul Quader Mollah, who had been sentenced to life imprisonment, and for others convicted of war crimes by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh.
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Redirects here:
1971 Bangladesh Genocide, 1971 Bangladesh atrocities, 1971 Bangladesh massacres, 1971 Bengal atrocities, 1971 Bengal massacre, 1971 Bengal massacres, 1971 East Pakistan genocide, 1971 Genocide in Bangladesh, Bangladesh genocide, Bangladeshi Genocide, Bangladeshi genocide in Eastern Pakistan, Bengali Genocide, Bengali Genocide of 1971, Bengali genocide, Genocide in bangladesh.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide
