A Historical Research of the
Ten Tribes Scattered
Into the Nations
Part 5
Biblical Evidence
PROFESSOR WA LIEBENBERG
A Historical Research of the Ten Tribes
Scattered Into the Nations
Part 5
by
By Prof (Dr) WA Liebenberg
Academic Proofread by: Ed Garner BTh. MSc.
The 1998 Scriptures Bible has been used as basis unless
otherwise referenced
All internet sites retrieved during June 2016
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Email: products@hrti.co.za
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1
Acknowledgement
A special thank you to all who contributed to make this concise exposition of
A Historical Research of the Ten Tribes Scattered Into the Nations a reality. I
have cited you in the footnotes and salute you for your exceptional research
work, without your great insight this booklet would not be a reality. It is my
prayer that the citations will lead the readers to your individual work. This
series is written in such a way that it is easily understandable, yet
academically sound.
Special Thanks to These Expert Consultants
Disclaimer
1. This is an academic research and does not represent any specific religion.
2. Re-unification of the Two-Houses of Israel without proselytizing: The publishers of this series recognize
the extensive damage done to the Jewish people over the centuries by Christian attempts to convert them
to Christianity. We do not support any of these missionary activities, either historically or currently. If you
are Jewish, we, the researchers, do not wish to proselytize, to persuade you to accept any other beliefs, or
to influence you to abandon your historic and correct faith. Rather, we strive to influence non-Jews to
return to the Hebraic Roots of the Original One True Faith, to Jewish Halachah, to Rabbinic authority and
to Torah.
3. This research reflects the opinions of the following consultants listed below and they may not
necessarily agree with the entire content of this research series.
Rabbi Avraham Feld. Founder of the Kol haTor Project: The Biblical
Prophetical Promise of the Restoration of the House of Israel:
http://www.kolhator.org.il/ He graduated at the Yeshiva College with
studies in Jewish philosophy and psychology, earning his Rabbinic
degree in 1983. His activities include extensive research projects for
politicians and commentators on several topics. He maintains serious
projects of rescue, in which field he holds world-wide reputation. He is
author and co-author of several religious research publications on
Biblical topics. (Israel)
Prof Lela Tsitsuashvili. PhD Art History, Curator, Head of Temporary
Exhibitions Department, Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi 0105,
Georgia. 3 Purtseladze Street, University of Georgia. 77a Kostava
Street, www.museum.ge
(Georgian Jew)
2
Rabbi Avraham Greenbaum. Founded the Azamra Institute in 1986:
http://www.azamra.org/ He is an internationally-known Torah teacher,
author of over twenty-five books, gained his MA in classics and social
sciences at Cambridge University. As a Harkness Fellow he studied at
Harvard and Columbia, after which he spent four years as a BBC Radio
news commentator and producer. (Israel)
Yair Davidiy. Founder of the The Brit-Am / Hebrew Nations, Lost Ten
Tribes of Israel Movement: http://www.britam.org/ as well as Hebrew
Nations: Lost Ten Tribes of Israel: Research, Representation, and
Reconciliation: http://hebrewnations.com/about-us.html Brit-Am /
Hebrew Nations works to Research the Whereabouts of the Ten Tribes;
to Reveal (and Represent) the Findings and Implications of this
Research; and to bring about a Reconciliation between the present-day
Jews of Judah and the Ten Tribes in Western Nations. (Israel)
Inna Ruchyova: Investigative and Critical Analytical Journalist. Faculty
of Journalism, Social Psychology, Specific Methods of Sociological
Research, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,
http://www.kaznu.kz/en/ (Russian Jew)
OvadYah Avrahami. co-Founder of the Kol haTor Project: Biblical
Prophetical Promise of the Restoration of the House of Israel:
http://www.kolhator.org.il/ OvadYah Avrahami is an independent
research scholar. His publications have been circulated internationally
since the early sixties and have affected the thinking and Scriptural
interpretation of non-Jewish Bible scholars on all levels - from novice
right through to academically qualified teachers world-wide. (Israel)
David Ben Melekh (David Jirkvalidze). Scientist, Researcher of the
Israelite Tribes and Genetic Linages through DNA Genetic Inheritance
Structures (J2 Haplogroup frequencies), and author of the "Book of
Books". Citizen of Georgia. (Georgian Jew)
3
The Scientific Method to Prove Hebrews Existed All Along in Iberia…
1
Introduction
For sound academic research on the presence of Hebrews, Ten Tribe
Israelites, and Jews from the Tribe of Judah in Iberia (Georgia), we need
to establish the difference between facts, opinions (theories), legends,
and myths to arrive at the desired outcome.
A fact is a statement that can be proven true or false. An opinion is an
expression of a person’s feelings that cannot be proven. Opinions can
be based on facts or emotions and sometimes they are meant to
deliberately mislead others. Therefore, it is important to be aware of an
author or researcher’s purpose and choice of language. Sometimes, the
2
author/researcher lets the facts speak for themselves.
Emotional language is neither right nor wrong, but the way in which it is
used can be positive or negative; it is up to the recipient to make
reasonable judgement about the material he is reading and to draw his
own conclusion.
Therefore, when you read, it is important to judge facts and opinions
carefully in order to come to the right conclusion. Ask yourself, "are the
facts reliable?" or, "are the opinions based on the facts?" Once you
answer these questions, you may be on the right track for finding and
sticking to the facts. Bottom-line, you be the judge.
It is extremely important to distinguish between facts and theories
(opinions) in scientific research, and in every other subject also, because
facts usually remain the same (constant) and theories often change.
They are not always easy to differentiate, and even scientists sometimes
forget to do so. And the people who write science textbooks nearly
always forget to do so. So, twenty years from now the facts will remain
the same, but the theories may have changed a significantly.
Of course, we can't ignore the theories altogether, because they are our
best explanations of the facts; it's just that we shouldn't consider them to
be absolute truth. When some people see a scientific theory disproven
1
Kol HaTor: Leadership & Advisory Board consist of Rabbi Avraham Feld, Rabbi Avraham Greenbaum,
OvadYah Avrahami http://www.kolhator.org.il/ and Brit Am: Leadership Yair Davidiy
http://www.britam.org/ are experts in the scattering and regathering of the Ten Tribes. Much of their
work will be used during this research series. Please visit their Websites for additional information.
2
Fact or Theory? by John P. Pratt: http://www.johnpratt.com/items/astronomy/science.html
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and replaced by another, they lose confidence in all of science, which is
a big mistake. That is how science progresses, and it is a wonderful way
to learn about our world. In the researcher’s experience as teacher of
academic research and dissertation writing, the scientific method
explains how facts and theories interact.
The Scientific Method consists of three fundamental steps. These steps
are to observe something, then to try to explain it, and then use your
explanation to predict sound future observations. The three steps for
proving the presence of Hebrews, Ten Tribe Israelites, and Jews from
the Tribe of Judah in Iberia (Georgia) are:
1) Make Observations.
2) Propose a Theory.
3) Use the Theory to Predict Future Observations.
The heart of science lies in this third step. Thus, having your theory, use
it to predict the outcome of a future observation. This is the "testing" part
of science. If the prediction fails then the theory must be totally
discarded or changed.
These three steps are usually repeated over and over, often refining the
theory after each set of new observations or experiments. The golden
rule we will apply is to repeat the three steps until satisfied.
Summary of the Part 4
Georgia is one of the countries in the world that are the most dedicated and
committed to the Christian belief system. Georgian Christians make no
secrecy of their consuming faith. Their houses, shops, and businesses are
covered with "evidence" that they are devoted believers. Besides this,
Georgian Christians have unreserved respect for the Jewish people and
Israel.
Many sources confirm that the Jews are very important for the Iberians
(Georgians). These sources also give us great insight concerning their
lifestyle and culture inside the Kingdom of Iberia.
According to the Jerusalem Talmud, the exiles were divided into three:
1) only one-third went beyond the Sambatyon,
2) a second-third to "Daphne of Antioch," and
3) over the last-third "there descended a cloud which covered them".
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We looked critically at each area and presented evidence of the geographic
of the area, the etymology of the names associated as well as scientific
evidence associated with the area.
Evidence of the Presence of Hebrews, Ten Tribes,
and Jews in Georgia’s Geographical Area
Introduction
In this section we will start by categorizing the evidence to arrive at a
plausible outcome. Facts, opinions (theories), legends, myths, etc., will be
considered to establish the settlement of the Hebrews, Israelites and Jews
in the land today called Georgia. Below are the categories and the
sequence that will be followed:
1) Biblical Evidence (TaNaCh, Talmud, Apocryphas)
2) Historical Evidence (Chronicles, Historiography)
3) Archaeological Evidence (Diggings, Museums)
4) Evidence of Names of Historical Tribal Entities
5) Evidence of Ethnic Affiliations (with other entities for whom proof
exists)
6) Social and Cultural Evidence
7) Linguistic Evidence
8) National Characteristical Evidence
9) Mythological Evidence
10) Physical Similarity Evidence
11) Scientific Evidence
1. Biblical Evidence (TaNaCh, Talmud, Apocryphas)
Areas that will be considered:
Scriptural, Talmudic and Apocryphal passages of the:
a) Ebenites: Iberians, Hebrews,
b) Israelites: House of Israel, Ten Tribe Kingdom, Ephraim, Yosef,
Lost Sheep of the House of Israel, Northern Kingdom, Northern
Nation,
c) Jews: House of Judah, Two Tribe Kingdom, Southern Kingdom,
Southern Nation,as to how they were taken northwards and
eventually dispersed throughout the world.
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All verses for the scattering to the north (Georgia’s geographical area) as
well as the whole of the world will be considered. The reason; to give the
reader a holistic overview of understanding of the greater picture.
Introduction
Jewish organisations such as Brit-Am, Hebrew Nations, Kol HaTor,
Azamra, Hebraic Teaching Group, to mention a few, did ground breaking
work on the dispersion and the inevitable regathering of the Twelve Tribe
Hebrew People.
These leading organisations also fully understand that the Ten Tribes of
Israel assimilated to the ways of the heathen and lost their identity, thus
3
becoming Yosef (Joseph) of Egypt. In their dispersion process, they
eventually reached Western Europe, and from there their descendants
4
populated North America, South Africa, Australia, and other regions .
There are many assertions that are proven by historical studies and related
disciplines, nevertheless, the most important proofs are those found in
Scripture. The Bible distinctly tells us where the Ten Tribes were destined
to be in the End Times. The points below, when taken as one
comprehensive whole, provide incontrovertible evidence as to where the
Ten Tribes were to be.
Each criterion is accompanied by a Biblical reference verse, exemplifying
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the area given, with a very short summarized explanation. Time and space
do not allow the researcher to give a full exegesis on each and every verse
as listed below.
The Bible was intended to be taken as literally as possible. It was also
intended to be taken as an overall composite body, a kind of multi-
dimensional jigsaw with each piece dove-tailing with the pieces around it.
Therefore, it must be noted that 1) a group of peoples, 2) all related to
each other, must be located 3) to fit ALL of the criteria.
3
Special thank you to Yair Davidiy for his resear h arti le List of 122 (was 110) Brit-Am Biblical
Proofs : http://www.britam.org/ListofProofs.html which was used here. In addition, summaries of
each reference were taken from all his work as a whole and combined to give the reader a short
holistic overview.
4
They were also dispersed into Kazahkstan and Russia, but this research does not focus on these
areas.
5
In-depth explanations and additional clarifications are given at this link should the reader wish to
investigate the other areas: http://www.britam.org/ListofProofs.html
7
Below is a list of Biblical proofs under various categories of Yair Davidiy’s
work, concentrated on by the researcher, to give the reader a holistic
overview. The Biblical evidence is categorised as:
A. Geography Category
B. Recognizable Symbols Category
C. Historical Behaviour Category
D. Situation Category
E. Blessings Category
F. Ancestral Names in General Category
G. National Characteristics Category
A. Geography Category
1) In the "North" Land: Jer 3:18, 31:6-10. Most of the Ten Tribes are in
the north geographically from Israel as the reference point, when the
Land of Israel was taken. This area definitely includes Georgia which
is directly north of Israel. This has been proven beyond doubt in the
previous sections – facts in Parts 1-4 of this research. From this
geographical area, most the tribes were dispersed westward into
Europe and from there into the Western World.
2) Located to the Northwest of the Land of Israel: Isaiah 49:12. This
presupposes north-west from the Land of Israel. Other verses show
they will come from the North. Here we have north and west together
indicating northwest. The main directions are north, northwest, and
west (and Sinim also according to Isaiah 49:12 – discussed further
below). This northwest area includes Georgia which is directly north
of Israel as from here the tribes were dispersed to the west into
Europe and from there into the Western World. The tribes will return
from these areas.
3) Fires in the Isles: Isaiah 24:15. Referring to Celtic Britain. The
connection of the Isles of the Sea with the Lighting of Fires in order to
signify occurrences and relay messages is very interesting as Isaiah
relates. We know that such lighting was a regular practice in the British
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Isles from the earliest days. The tradition of erecting hilltop cairns and
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mounds as orientation marks, and of using beacon fires for long-
distance communication was very strong in Celtic (also Roman)
Britain. The landscape of much of the country is as suitable for this
purpose as could be. One trace of that is the occurrence of the
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Signposts.
7
Heaps.
8
8 9
Brythonic element tan 'fire' (tan is Welsh) in hill names . There are
many tan hills in England. Not only in ancient times but this practice
was throughout history down to the invention of the telegraph. For
example, a network of beacons set up on hilltops was used in England
in 1588 to signal the approach of the Spanish Armada, and once it was
10
spotted off the Scillies , the news reached the English commanders in
no time at all. "The Chronicles of Eri, being the history of the Gaal
Sciot Iber, or the Irish People, translated from the Phoenician dialect of
11
the Scythian language" by Roger O' Connor, were published in
London in two volumes in 1822. The Chronicle says that the Gaali had
been in Armenia, and the Caucasus (Georgia). There is an actual
12 13
area called "Gali" in Georgia . They were traders and
metallurgists, and archers. Oppressed by the Assyrians they fled via
Hamath in northern Syria [which incidentally was known later as
"Daphne of Antiochia" and was considered one of three regions
through which the Ten Tribes were taken into exile, according to the
Talmud and Midrash as discussed]. These people (the Gaal of Sciot)
had the custom of lighting beacon fires on the coasts.
4) Isles: Isaiah 24:15, 49:6, 60:9, Jer 31: 9-10. The name "Brit-Am" is
Hebrew for "Covenant of the people". It is found in Isaiah 42:6 and
Isaiah 49:8. In both cases it is connected to the Ten Tribes. In ancient
Hebrew the "n" and "m" (especially at the end of the word) in some
dialects interchanged so Brit-Am could be considered a Biblical hint to
14
Britain . In some medieval English documents Britain is written as
15
Brittamia or Britannia . At all events, in Hebrew: "ish" means "man" or
8
Brythonic, the Celtic language anciently spoken in Great Britain.
9
Thanet from tan-eto- = "(place of the) bonfire" (cf. Welsh tân "fire", Cornish tanses, Old Breton tanet
"aflame"), Wikipedia, Common Brittonic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Brittonic
10
The Isles of Scilly (Scillies) are an archipelago off the southwestern tip of the Cornish peninsula of
Great Britain. It is the southernmost location in England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most
westerly in England.
11
The Chronicles of Eri; Being the History of the Gaal Sciot Iber: or, the Irish People; Translated from
the Original Manuscripts in the Phoenician Dialect of the Scythian Language is an 1822 book in two
volumes by Roger O'Connor (1762–1834), purporting to detail the history of the Irish from the creation
of the world. The work contains multiple plates and maps and is prefaced with the author naming
himself "head of his race" and "chief of the prostrated people of this nation": Webb, Alfred John
(1878). A Compendium of Irish Biography: Comprising Sketches of Distinguished Irishmen, and of
Eminent Persons Connected with Ireland by Office Or by Their Writings. Dublin: M.H. Gill & son. p. 383.
OCLC 122693688.
12
Wikipedia, Abkhazia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia
13
Womenaid µ International, Conflict In The Caucasus:
http://www.womenaid.org/press/info/aid/conflict.html
14
Britain is connected with colonialism and the settlement of North America and Australia.
15
Brita ia as the Greek a d Ro a ter for the geographi al regio of Great Britai hi h as
inhabited by the Britons and is the name given to the female personification of the island. It is a term
9
"member of" (in Medieval Hebrew in some cases), and "Brit" means
"covenant": so Brit-ish really can be understood to mean "man of the
covenant". The ancient British called themselves Iberi or Hiberi,
16 17 18
meaning "Hebrews" . Isaiah 11:11 in the Hebrew also mentions
the Isles of the Sea: coastlands of the sea: Everywhere else the KJ
translates the Hebrew used here, "Iyai HaYam" as 'isles of the sea'
and this is more correct and is referring to the British Isles and
includes Scotland and Ireland. In 300s-400s CE, a group from
southwest Ireland moved to Ulster in Northern Ireland and from there
crossed the seas to occupy Dal Reada on the west coast. These
people were known as the Scotti and gave Scotland its name. Some
say that originally "Scotti" meaning "Wanderer" was just another name
for Irishmen in general. One of the meanings of the word "Hebrew"
(Ibri) also connotes "Wanderer". From the Geography of Ptolemy, and
elsewhere, the earliest inhabitants of both Britain and Ireland were
known as Iberi meaning Hebrew. The ethnic name Iberi was also
common throughout the Celtic-speaking regions of Europe especially
in the West. Nowadays the Scotti from Ireland who settled in Scotland
are referred to as the Gaels. The Irish tongue and the "Celtic"
language of the Scottish Highlands are both known as Gaelic. Irish
Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic are similar. Now, the Picts in the north were
a mixture of peoples and included the Caledonians. In the south were
groups who spoke a type of Celtic similar to Welsh and are referred to
as Brythons. These groups more or less defeated the Romans and
forced the Romans to build long defensive walls backed by substantial
forces to keep them from raiding the south. The Picts or the leading
element in what became the Picts came from Scythia. They were
19
descended from the Agathyrsi who were later known as the Khazars .
The Agathyrsi sent a contingent across the sea to Scotland where it
20
became identified with the Picts . The Scythians were also known as
the Sacae or the Saka. The Encyclopaedia Britannica states the terms
21
Saka [Sacae] and Scyths were regarded as synonymous . The
still used to refer to the isla d today… The first riter to use a form of the name was the Greek
explorer and geographer Pytheas in the 4th century BC. Pytheas referred to Prettanike or Brettaniai, a
group of islands off the coast of North-Western Europe. In the 1st century BC, Diodorus Siculus
referred to Pretannia,[1] a rendering of the indigenous name for the Pretani people whom the Greeks
elie ed to i ha it the British Isles Wikipedia, Britannia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia
16
Hebrew Nations, The Celts as Israelites. Ancient Peoples of the West Called Themselves Hebrews:
http://hebrewnations.com/articles/biblical-proof/attributes/hebrewcelts.html
17
Brit Am, The Name 'Hebrew' http://www.britam.org/Proof/Attributes/roleHebrew.html#Hebrew
18
Brit Am, Hebrews or Yew Trees?? What Did the Celts Call Themselves?
http://www.britam.org/HebrewCelt.html
19
In early Russian the Khazars were referred to as "Hebrews".
20
Servius on Aenid 4.v.146.
21
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1943 Ed., Vol. 20, p. 238.
10
famous Greek historian, Herodotus, wrote that the Persians call all the
22
Scythians Sacae . In these accounts, it is apparent that the Scythian
tribes are known by a form of the Hebrew patriarch, Isaac. The
Scythian tribes known as the Sacae or Saka bore the name of Isaac
upon them, fulfilling the prophecies in Gen 21:12 and 48:16 that the
Israelite tribes would bear that name. One could argue that the
emergence of the Scythians in the Black Sea region at the same
point in history that the Ten Tribes of Israel fled the kingdom of Israel
was just a coincidence. However, the presence of uniquely Israelite
cultural traits and names among the Scythians confirms that the
Scythians were, indeed, displaced and relocated Israelites from the
Ten Tribes of Israel. It has been noted that the Scythians were known
as Saka or Sacae, and that this name of Isaac would be imprinted on
the Ten Tribes of Israel throughout history. The Scythians homelands
were not limited to just the Black Sea region. They began to expand
eastward across the steppes quickly as their population burgeoned,
and they also established themselves in Asia Minor and the Caucasus
23
Mountains. An early Scythian capital was named Sakiz , again
proclaiming to the world the significance of the name of the Israelite
patriarch, Isaac, to their history. It must be noted that Herodotus also
records bizarre practices and rituals being practiced by various
peoples in the Scythian region which were not based on any vestigial
Torah-tradition among the Israelites. It is also important to note that
there were many different ethnic groups and tribes called Scythians by
historians. Herodotus himself notes there was a difference between
the Scythians and other tribes who lived in the region dominated by
the Scythians. Although Herodotus wrote that the stupidest nations in
the world lived in the Black Sea region, he exempted the Scythians
24
from this negative classification . Therefore, the term Scythian came
to describe a lifestyle as much as a national ancestry, and all the
peoples and tribes in the steppe region came to be known as
Scythians. The term Saka or Sacae identifies the Israelite tribes in the
region as that name preserves an ancestry from the Israelite patriarch,
Isaac. As mentioned, the Scythians lived in the region of the Black
Sea and Caucasus Mountains. By the time of the first century BCE, a
Caucasus Mountain kingdom was named Iberia and its kings
routinely bore the dynastic name of Pharesmenes. The Iberians were
25
known to be Scythians or Scythian allies . The term Iberia is based on
the name of Eber, the namesake of the Hebrews. This same name,
Iberia, had previously been placed upon the modern region of Spain
22
Herodotus, The History, 7. 64.
23
Tamara Talbot Rice, The Scythians, p. 45.
24
Xenophon, Cyropaedia, V. ii. 23-26.
25
Xenophon, Cyropaedia, V. ii. 23-26.
11
and Portugal, which were formerly part of the Phoenician Empire of
Israel, Tyre and Sidon. The name Pharesmenes includes the exact
name of Phares, the ancestor of King David, to whom the promise of
royal descendants was given. We, however, believe the Nennius:
26
Historia Brittonum is correct to reflect the Israelite origin of the Scots
people and their association with the Scythians prior to their reaching
the Isles of Britain. Herdotus, book iv. cap. 6, says that the Greeks call
them Scythians or Skuthia, (from Skuthis), but they call themselves
27
"Scoloti." Now, as to the origin and meaning of this word Skuthis: in
Greek it has no signification, but was merely the name of the mythical
son of Jupiter and the half serpent woman. But it has nevertheless
been so employed to designate a wandering people, that Mr. P. Smith,
in, "Ancient History of the East," p. 472, conjectures that Scythian "was
not an ethnic name but rather as we now use 'nomad,' a generic
designation of certain wandering or pastoral tribes." It no doubt came
to be so applied by writers about the time of Strabo; but, as before
observed, Herodotus, who lived some four hundred years earlier,
discriminates between tribes of the Scythian nation and the tribes of
Scythian habits, who were not Scythian by tradition or language.
Again, the name of Scotland, or Scotia, applied to Scotland and the
North of Ireland, has been conjectured by some to be derived from
Skotos "darkness," because people in those latitudes got among the
fogs; but it is, on the most conclusive evidence, an ethnic or tribal
name. The people were called Scoti in Spain (Iberia Peninsula) before
they came to Ireland, and regarding this, one legend is that their chief
married a Daughter of Pharaoh named Scota, and on her account
called his people Scoti; another Irish legend states that they were
called Scoti "from their leader Ebur Scut, or Ebur the Scythian latinised
Scoti". Now, Sandford, Lancaster Herald of Arms in the time of James
II, states that when Edward I brought the coronation stone from
Scotland, there was a piece of wood attached to it, on which were cut
in Latin the Following lines: "Ni fallet fatum Scoti hunc quocunque
locatum, Invenient lapidem regnare tenentur ibidem." Translated "If
fates go right, where'er this stone is found, The Scots shall monarchs
of that realm be found." Sir Walter Scott's translation of Irish lines,
regarding the same stone into English, writes thus: "Unless the fates
be faithless grown, or prophet's voice be vain, Where'er is found this
sacred stone, the wanderer's race shall reign." Hence Scots,
Scythians, or Skuthai, and wanderers appear to be synonymous
terms. Now in Greek Skuthai has no meaning; but if I find a language
26
Nennius: Historia Brittonum, The Prologue: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/nennius-full.html
27
Colonel J.C. Gawler, Our Scythian Ancestors, Identified With Israel:
http://www.ensignmessage.com/archives/scythian.html
12
in which such a word has a meaning which indicates wandering, I have
grounds for assuming that the people to whom that language belongs
are the owners or originators of the name. In Hebrew S'cots means
"booths" (see Gen 33:17) or temporary dwellings, such as gypsies
would use, and the dwellers in them would be as we should say,
Succothites. In Lev 23:33-43, we find, "And HaShem spake unto
Moses, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the
feast of S'coth (Tabernacles) for seven days unto Adonai.... And ye
shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of
palm trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before
Adonai your Elohim seven days: all that are Israelites born shall dwell
"ba S'cot," that your generations may know that I made the children of
Israel to dwell "ba S'cot," when I brought them out of the land of Egypt:
I am Adonai your Elohim." Thus, besides S'coth meaning a temporary
abode, we have here the institution of a feast of S'cot to commemorate
the wanderings in the wilderness, when the Israelites were S'cothi, or
dwellers in booths; and this seems to give the origin of the Greek
Skuthai, and to give a reason for the legend regarding the divine origin
of Skuthees and his half viper mother from Egypt.
5) Tarshish: Isaiah 60:9. The Atlantic Ocean area. Isaiah speaks of exiled
Israelites (from Ephraim and the other Tribes) returning by aeroplane
and by ships (verse 8). The Talmud (Hullin 91b) also infers that
Tarshish means the Atlantic Ocean and historically a major city-port
named Tartessos and identified as Tarshish was located on the
southwest coast of Spain. Tartessos-Tarshish at one stage was part of
a maritime domain with probable establishments in Britain and Gaul. A
portion of the Exiled Israelites were transported (as explained in the
Brit-Am Commentary to Amos 4:2) to Spain which at that time was
considered as part of Tarshish. These exiles later passed over to Gaul
and the British Isles. The Biblical expression "Ships of Tarshish"
means primarily those plying the Atlantic Ocean and therefore the
"isles" mentioned in association with Tarshish and Israelites are those
of Britain, America, and the coastline of North and West Europe.
6) Zarephath: Obad 1:20. Meaning France and Britain. According to the
Hebrew Commentators of verse 20, Canaanites means Germany,
Zarephath means France, or France and Britain, or France and the
region to the north of France, or all of the said areas together.
Sepharad means Spain. At all events Zarephath meant France
28 29
(Rashi ) and the north or France and Britain (Abarbanel ) together.
28
Shlomo Yitzchaki (22 February 1040 – 13 July 1105), in Latin: Salomon Isaacides, and today generally
known by the acronym Rashi (Hebrew: י" , RAbbi SHlomo Itzhaki), was a medieval French rabbi and
13
The verse was understood as saying that the Ten Tribes were in
30
Zarephath (Nachmanides ). Taking the Classical Commentators as a
whole we see that the Ten Tribes were considered to be in the west,
especially in France and Britain. According to the Geneva Bible of
Calvin on Obadiah 1:20: "By the Canaanites, the Jews mean the
Dutchmen, and by Zarephath, France, and by Sepharad, Spain."
7) Thighs, Peninsulas, and Coasts: Jer 31:8. A peninsula is a projection
(i.e. a thigh) of land in to water, connected to the mainland by a narrow
strip of land, called an isthmus: major Israelite Tribal centers such as
Jutland (Denmark), Scandinavia, and North America are peninsulas.
Western Europe, Scandinavia, Britain, North America, Australia, New
Zealand and South Africa refer to coasts.
8) Western Location: Isaiah 24:14, Hosea 1:10. Mainly situated to the
west of the Land of Israel. It is referenced as the Western World.
9) Ends of the Earth: Isaiah 24:16, 26:15, 41:8-9 43:6 49:6. When
considered from the Land of Israel it means: the continents of America
and Australia, and the geographical extremities of South Africa and
Northwest Europe.
10) "Land of Sinim": Isaiah 49:12. They will also return "from the land of
Sinim", this means (says Rashi and the Aramaic transliteration of
Yehonathan) "From the Land of the South". Australia, New Zealand,
author of a comprehensive commentary on the Talmud and commentary on the TaNaCh. Acclaimed
for his ability to present the basic meaning of the text in a concise and lucid fashion, Rashi appeals to
both learned scholars and beginning students, and his works remain a centerpiece of contemporary
Jewish study. His commentary on the Talmud, which covers nearly all of the Babylonian Talmud (a
total of 30 tractates), has been included in every edition of the Talmud since its first printing by Daniel
Bomberg in the 1520s. His commentary on TaNaCh—especially on the Chumash ("Five Books of
Moses")—is an indispensable aid to students of all levels.
29
Isaac ben Judah Abravanel (1437–1508), commonly referred to just as Abravanel, also spelled
Abarbanel or Abrabanel, was a Portuguese Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and
financier. Abravanel was born in Lisbon, Portugal, into one of the oldest and most distinguished Jewish
Iberian families, the Abravanel family, who had escaped massacre in Castile in 1391. A student of the
rabbi of Lisbon, Joseph Chaim, he became well versed in rabbinic literature and in the learning of his
time, devoting his early years to the study of Jewish philosophy. Abravanel is quoted as saying that he
included Joseph ibn Shem-Tov as his mentor. At twenty years old, he wrote on the original form of the
natural elements, on religious questions and prophecy. Together with his intellectual abilities, he
showed a complete mastery of financial matters. This attracted the attention of King Afonso V of
Portugal who employed him as treasurer.
30
Nah a ides, also k o as Ra i Moses e Naḥ a Giro di, Bo astru ça de Porta a d y his
acronym Ramban (1194–1270), was a leading medieval Jewish scholar, Spanish Sephardic rabbi,
philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator. He was raised, studied, and lived for most
of his life in Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
14
and South Africa are all southern countries, of which South Africa is
also in the same time-zone as Israel, a more direct south you cannot
get. There are also direct parallels between Israel and South Africa,
i.e. both made covenants with HaShem, etc.
11) Best Places (Atziliyah): Isaiah 41:9. The King James Translation of
Isaiah 41:9 instead of 'chief parts' has 'chief men'. This interpretation, if
correct, is reflecting a most unusual employment of Hebrew
expression for if 'men' were meant, the Bible would indicate it more
explicitly. The Hebrew expression used in Isaiah is "atzilayah" and this
means "chiefs of" or "nobility of" or "highest points of" and to the
author's mind is qualifying which of the earth's ends, would belong to
Israel - obviously the best and most noble ones. The Hebrew word
"atzil" is related to the Nordic Aedil meaning noble. It also connotes
reserved and in a sense all the areas settled by the sons of Joseph
had been reserved for them, since previously they were often sparsely
occupied before the sons of Joseph reached them. Areas in which we
have traced the Ten Tribes are qualitatively the best regions of the
earth. Climate and geography influence the characteristics of the
inhabitants. These are not the only factors but they are important. The
geography of Scandinavia, Holland, France, Britain, North America,
South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and the State of Israel has
determined something in the National Personality of the peoples
involved. It is the interaction of the people with the Land that is
important. "Atzil" can also mean "highest point" as a noun and as a
verb can connote delegation of quality. All those areas where the Ten
Tribes now populate are naturally blessed regions when compared to
the rest of the world. North America, the British Isles, Scandinavia,
Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa have all
been blessed physically in so far as they are full of natural resources,
relatively free from diseases and plague, and have invigorating
climates on the whole. In Australia there is a problem of skin cancer
due to the plentiful sunshine but from other considerations the
environment is an inspiring and joyful one.
12) Many Waters: Num 24:7. In all oceans and on every sea, meaning a
31
powerful world-encompassing kingdom. Onkelos translates this
verse into Aramaic as meaning: "His king will be great, he will be
multiplied with sons, and he will rule over mighty peoples and be more
powerful than King Agag and he will take his kingdom". Onkelos was a
31
Onkelos, possibly identical to Aquila of Pontus or Aquila of Sinope, was a Roman national who
converted to Judaism in Tannaic times (c. 35–120 CE). He is considered to be the author of the famous
Targum Onkelos (c. 110 CE).
15
righteous convert related to one of the Roman Emperors. He
translated (after consulting with the Sages and using earlier works) the
Bible into Aramaic. His translation was sanctioned by the Sages. The
translation of Onkelos is often more like a commentary based on
accepted traditions. The descendants of Israel will be found in many
waters, i.e. abiding by different seas and oceans whilst remaining one
coherent whole. Peoples we identify as Israelite nations today are to
be found by the Indian and Pacific Oceans (Australia, New Zealand),
by the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (North America), by the Atlantic and
Indian Oceans (South Africa), and by the North Sea (Western Europe).
No other related group of nations fulfills this criterion, at least not to
such a degree.
13) Dolmens showing Pathway of Migration: Jer 31:21. Our interpretation
of Jeremiah 31 as predicting the Megalithic Path would be referred to
by the Tribes of Ephraim-Israel in the future as proof of their origin
from the Land of Israel: "Set thee up waymarks, make thee high
heaps: set thine heart toward the highway, even the way which thou
wentest: turn again, o virgin of Israel, turn again to these thy cities." In
32 33
other words, set yourself up stone monuments [menhirs, dolmens ]
and high heaps of stones [cairns] [i.e. megalithic monuments]. In other
words set your heart towards the prepared way: The way in which you
went, then turn back o virgin of Israel, return unto these cities of yours.
Megalithic monuments describe routes of migration from the Land of
34
Israel to the West. Hoffman in his book Olam HaTaNaCh: "The
Prophet calls upon the Exiles to indicate with special signs their
pathway into exile, in order that they may quickly return to the land by
the path they went in. This method of marking a pathway is practised
32
A menhir (French, from Middle Breton: maen, "stone" and hir, "long"), standing stone, orthostat, lith
or masseba/matseva is a large upright standing stone. Menhirs may be found singly as monoliths, or as
part of a group of similar stones.
33
A dolmen, also known as a cromlech, portal tomb, portal grave or quoit, is a type of single-chamber
megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal
capstone ("table"), although there are also more complex variants. Most date from the early Neolithic
(4000–3000 BCE).
34
Yair Hoffman is a Full Professor at the Department of Bible, TAU and the Chairman of the
Department of Bible at Seminar Hakibuzim College, Tel-Aviv. Born in Tel-Aviv (1937). He graduated
(1962 Bible and Hebrew Literature), completed his MA (thesis: 'Edom in the Prophetic Literature',
1967) and his Ph.D. (1974, thesis: 'The Prophecies on Foreign Nations in the Hebrew Bible'). Since 1967
he is teaching mainly at TAU. Hoffman was Chairman of the Department of Judaism at Beth-Berl
College (1973-1975); Chairman of the Department of Bible, TAU (1982-1985; 1990-1991) and Chairman
of the Program for BA General, the Faculty of Humanities TAU (1988-1989). He was a Visiting
Researcher, in the Department of Near Eastern Studies, UC Berkeley (1980); Visiting Professor in the
Department of Hebrew Studies, UW Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1986), 1993- Visiting Professor,
Department of Theology, University of Calgary, Alberta.
16
unto this day…How would they know to find the way in Biblical times?
How would they describe the way of journey or the border line? It
appears that in Biblical times it was accepted practice to make note of
prominent features…" Abarbanel remarks: "The prophet therefore
spoke concerning the Kingdom of Israel [of the Ten Tribes] set thee up
waymarks saying that when you go into exile make signs by the routes
and waymarks like piles of rocks [i.e. cairns] or stone monuments
[Hebrew: matzavah, i.e. dolmen] so that you may set your heart to the
route and remember in order that you may return in the way you went
in, return to your city." The "waymarks" the prophet is referring to were
megalithic monuments. These monuments we believe were set up by
Israelites and we have some proof for this belief. Even, however, if the
monuments in question were not set up by Israelites but had existed
previously the fact remains that they happened to all lie along the path
of Israelite migration westward. It is this fact that Jeremiah is telling the
Israelites (i.e. he is telling us) to take note of. The word translated
above as "waymarks" in the original Hebrew is "tzionim" which strictly
speaking means "signs" but in spoken Hebrew is usually used to
denote a stone erection marking a grave or event. The most literal
explanation of this verse amongst the Classical Authoritative
35
Rabbinical Commentators is that given by the "Radak". The Radak
says: "'set yourself up waymarks' (Jeremiah 31): This was directed to
the Community of Israel, that in the generation when they would be
exiled they should set up waymarks [i.e. "tsionim"] such as piled-up
stones or stone monuments. The purpose of these monuments was to
mark the paths [of migration for the sake of future recognition]. The
meaning was to say that even though you will be exiled, hope is not
lost and you are still destined to return to these your cities. "Make
yourself high heaps" [Hebrew: "tamrurim"]. The same message is
35
David Kimhi (also Kimchi or Qimḥi) (1160–1235), also known by the Hebrew acronym as the RaDaK
( ( ) "דRabbi David Kimhi), was a medieval rabbi, biblical commentator, philosopher, and grammarian.
Kimhi was born in Narbonne, France, the youngest son of Rabbi Joseph Kimhi and the brother of Rabbi
Moses Kimhi, both also Biblical commentators and grammarians. His father died while David was still
as a child, and Kimhi was raised by his brother Moses. Later, he supported himself by teaching Talmud
to the young. He was well versed in the whole range of Hebrew literature, and became the most
illustrious representative of his name. Works of the Kimhi family were underwritten by the Ibn Yahya
family of Lisbon, Portugal. Kimhi saw himself primarily as a compiler and summarizer. As a noted
Hebrew grammarian, his book Michlol and his dictionary of the Hebrew language called Sefer
Hashorashim (Book of Roots) draws heavily on the earlier works of Rabbi Judah ben David Hayyuj and
Rabbi Jonah ibn Janah, as well as from the work of his father. These two books were originally written
as one, although over the years they have come to be printed separately. Kimhi is probably best
known today for his Biblical commentaries on the books of the Prophets. He also wrote commentaries
on the Books of Genesis, Psalms, and Chronicles. His Biblical work mirrors his grammarian work, and
focuses on issues of language and form as well as upon content. He explains words on the basis of
their grammatical construction and their etymological development.
17
repeated though the wording is changed since both "tamrurim" [i.e.
"high heaps"] and "tsionim" (i.e. "waymarks") connote elevated-height
[from the root "tamar"]..." Bearing in mind that according to the
36
previous verse Jeremiah is addressing himself to Ephraim, the verse
in Jer 31:21 may therefore be understood to say: "Set yourself up
stone monuments [menhirs, dolmens] and high heaps of stones
[cairns] [i.e. megalithic monuments!]. Set your heart towards the
prepared way: The way in which you went. Turn back o virgin of Israel,
return unto these cities of yours. The mode of expression employed by
Jeremiah the prophet should be understood differently from that used
by Moses. When Moses gave a Commandment it had to be obeyed.
When the prophets issue an order concerning future action it means
they are predicting what will happen. They are telling us what must be
learned from this action. Jeremiah is saying that (for whatever reason)
the exiled Israelites will have stone monuments set up. Through these
monuments Jeremiah predicts that it will be possible in the future to
learn of the Israelite paths of migration away from the Land of Israel.
Once this is learned, it will serve as a means by which they may be
persuaded to return. The inferred commandment to the exiles to erect
"tsionim" is therefore applicable to the dolmens and other so called
"Stone Age" ("Megalithic") monuments. Many of these monuments
date from the Bronze and Iron Age periods. They are mentioned in the
Bible as being set up by the Hebrew Patriarchs and Judges as well as
by others. The ancient Israelites were always familiar with bronze and
iron utensils but it should be noted that in some cases the use of stone
only was enforced. An altar had to be erected of whole unhewn
37
stones ; "An altar of whole stones over which no man hath lift up any
iron" (Joshua 8:31). Joshua was commanded to circumcise Israelites
born in the wilderness with "knives of flint" (Joshua 5:2-3). The Hebrew
has "Charvoth Tsurim" which the KJ imprecisely translates as "sharp
knives". "Tsur" means flint or sharp stone. Dolmens and related
monuments are found in the Land of Israel, in Jordan, in the
Caucasus, in Bulgaria, in Spain, West France (Brittany), the
Netherlands, Scandinavia, Britain, and Ireland. There are several
types of dolmens and examples have also been reported from
Ethiopia, Japan and India. Eastern dolmens are somewhat different
from those of Israel and the west. Even so in India the dolmens are
linked with legends of green-eyed Vikings and with the Ten Tribes.
The type of dolmen found in the area of ancient Israel (on both sides of
the Jordan River) is the same as that found in Western Europe: "The
megalithic dolmens found in the Golan and Galilee are table like
36
Jer 31:20.
37
Deut 27:6.
18
structures composed of two vertical basalt blocks roofed by large rock
slabs. A heap of stones usually covered the dolmens, creating a
tumulus. Such structures are known in Transjordan from the
Chalcolithic period, but in the Golan and Galilee they definitely date to
EB [i.e. Early Bronze] IV /MB [Middle Bronze] I...These dolmens recall
similar megalithic burial structures known throughout Europe in the
38
Bronze Age, but the significance of this resemblance is unclear". The
conventional dating applied in Europe to dolmens and the like is too
early. Most megalithic monuments in Western Europe were erected in
the Late Bronze or Early Iron Age after the Israelites had been exiled.
People of Israelite origin erected them! In archaeological and historical
studies of Western Europe dolmens are associated with the Celtic
Druids. Wherever Celts and Druids were found together, so too, were
there dolmens. Iron age artifacts are frequently found together with or
in the vicinity of dolmens. Iron was largely introduced to Europe after
700 BCE with the coming of the Celts. Through Dolmens a good case
may be made for tracing the migrations of the Ten Tribes to Western
Europe. The quoted verse of Jeremiah may well be understood in this
sense. The word "tamrurim" used by Jeremiah (translated here as
"high heaps") in Modern Hebrew is the word used for "traffic sign" or
39
"wayfare indicator". Waymarks, as noted, equal dolmens. The verse
may therefore in the Hebrew be understood further as saying:
"Establish waymarks [i.e. "tsionim" = dolmens] for yourself, set up for
yourself high-heaps [i.e. cairns, "tamrurim" = wayfare markers]: put
your heart [i.e. pay attention] to the pathways you went by and return,
O virgin of Israel, come back to these cities of yours. Some understand
the above verse in a partly figurative sense but taken literally
according to the Radak it means that a trail of megalithic monuments
should be traceable along the paths of migration as indeed it is.
B. Recognizable Symbols Category
14) Bald-Headed Eagle: Micah 1:16,KJV. "Make thee bald, and poll thee
for thy delicate children; enlarge thy baldness as the eagle; for they
are gone into captivity from thee." All of the places in Micah are
addressed to the Southern Two Tribe Kingdom, and appear to have
belonged to either Benjamin or Judah. These all appear to be places
whose inhabitants were exiled by the Assyrians and who joined the
Ten Tribes in exile. The Ten Tribes also include many from the
southern Tribes of Judah and Benjamin just as Judah eventually
included many from the Ten Tribes. Even so, they still remained
38
A. Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, U.S.A. 1990. p. 160.
39
Jer 31:21.
19
separate entities and in one the characteristics of Judah prevailed and
in the other the characteristics of Joseph, i.e. Ephraim and Menasseh.
"Enlarge thy baldness as the eagle", is not the bald-headed eagle a
40
symbol of the USA?
15) Lion and Unicorn: Num 24:7-9. The Lion and Unicorn were
representative of Israel in its aspect of power in the End Times. The
lion and unicorn are on the coat of arms officially symbolizing Britain.
Bilaam the heathen prophet foresaw that in the End Times the
descendants of Israel would be very powerful. He likened them to a
lion and a raem in Hebrew (unicorn): "Elohim brought them out of
Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn. Surely there is no
enchantment against Jacob, neither is there any divination against
Israel: according to this time it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel,
what hath Elohim wrought! Behold, the people shall rise up as a great
lion, and lift up himself as a young lion: he shall not lie down until he
eat of the prey, and drink the blood of the slain" (Num 23:22-24). The
symbols of Scotland had two unicorns and that of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain had a lion and a unicorn. The Midrash (Numbers
Rabah) says that the raem (unicorn) was the symbol of Manasseh. In
our passage Israel is likened to a unicorn. Only in Britain does the
unicorn appear as a national symbol. On the other hand the unicorn
came to Britain from Scotland which is still represented by two
unicorns. More than 80% of the founding settlers of the USA came
from Scotland and related areas in the North and West of Britain. Now,
how many horns did the unicorn have? "His horns are like the horns of
unicorns" [Deut 33:17], this phrase in the Hebrew says, Karnei [the
Horns of] Raem [a unicorn] Karnov [are his horns]. The expression in
the Hebrew can in effect be understood to say that the raem (unicorn)
has more than one horn. Rabbinical Commentators however (and the
King James Translation after them) chose to interpret it as consistent
with the Raem having only one horn. In this their opinion was
consistent with that of the major Rabbinical Commentators. There is in
fact a Biblical verse that could justify this view: "he hath as it were the
strength [Hebrew: toyafoth] of an unicorn" (Num 23:22). The word
translated above from the Hebrew as strength is toyafoth and literally
means that which he is exalted by (lifted up) and appears to be
referring to the horns. This word is spelt one way and traditionally
pronounced another. It is spelt in the singular and pronounced in the
plural. The expression of strength (toyafoth), meaning the horns which
are normally plural, in this case have become ONE [toyafath]: in the
40
For a more detailed study on this topic, read the work of Yair Davidiy, Commentary on the book of
Micah: http://www.britam.org/micah.html
20
singular instead of toyafoth in the plural]. Perhaps it is an animal that in
some cases has one horn and in other cases has two? The Classical
Opinion according to Rabbi David Kimchi (Safer HaShorashim, RAEM)
is: "his horns are like the horns of unicorns (Deut 33:17). It is intended
to mean that his horns are like the horns of (several) unicorns for the
Raem has only one horn. (Psalms 29:6): 'He maketh them also to skip
like a calf; Lebanon and Sirion like a young unicorn'. [Psalms 22:21]:
'Save me from the lion's mouth: for thou hast heard me from the horns
of the unicorns', i.e. a wild beast of the wilderness, extremely strong."
The Greek Translation of the Bible (Septuagint) translates Raem (Num
41
23:22) as monoceros i.e. one-horned. Yehudah HaLevi , and Ibn
42
Ezra also considered the "Raem" to be a unicorn (see Kaplan in the
43
"Living Torah"), as did Menasseh ben Israel . The question is, did the
Unicorn exist? In Brit-Am’s magazine Truth no. 7 there is an article
discussing this question in depth. There were animals with one horn
such as the narwal (a small whale with a long horn); the sakea which
was a kind of goat like deer depicted by the Assyrians with one horn.
44
In some opinions the sakea was a mythical animal ; The Prehistoric
Elasmotherium states: "This was a gigantic rhinoceros the size of an
elephant, with a horn that may have measured up to six feet long.
Unlike the contemporary rhinoceros, the horn of the elasmotherium
45
was situated on its forehead rather than on its nose." This animal
was reportedly extinct long before the age of man. Additionally, the
auroch which was a gigantic wild bull of immense strength and only
41
Judah Halevi (also Yehuda Halevi or ha-Levi; and Judah ben Shmuel Halevi c. 1075 – 1141) was a
Spanish Jewish physician, poet and philosopher. He was born in Spain, either in Toledo or Tudela, in
1075 or 1086, and died shortly after arriving in Palestine in 1141, at that point the Crusader Kingdom
of Jerusalem. Halevi is considered one of the greatest Hebrew poets, celebrated both for his religious
and secular poems, many of which appear in present-day liturgy. His greatest philosophical work was
The Kuzari.
42
Rabbi Abraham Ben Meir Ibn Ezra (also known as Abenezra or Aben Ezra) (1089–1167) was born at
Tudela, Navarre in 1089, and died c. 1167, apparently in Calahorra. He was one of the most
distinguished Jewish poets and philosophers of the Middle Ages.
43
Manoel Dias Soeiro (1604 – November 20, 1657), better known by his Hebrew name Menasseh ben
Israel, also, Menasheh ben Yossef ben Yisrael, also known with the Hebrew acronym, MB"Y, was a
Portuguese rabbi, kabbalist, writer, diplomat, printer and publisher, founder of the first Hebrew
printing press (named Emeth Meerets Titsma`h) in Amsterdam in 1626. Menasseh was born on
Madeira Island in 1604, with the name Manoel Dias Soeiro, a year after his parents had left mainland
Portugal because of the Inquisition. The family moved to the Netherlands in 1610. The Netherlands
was in the middle of a process of religious revolt against Catholic Spanish rule throughout the Eighty
Years' War (1568–1648). Amsterdam was an important center of Jewish life in Europe at this time. The
family's arrival in 1610 was during the truce mediated by France and England at The Hague.
44
Michael Banyai, The Arab Fringe. An Enquiry Concerning Mutsri, Kush, Meluhha And Magan:
http://www.abara2.de/chronologie/fringe.php
45
Mysterious Creatures. Intriguing Torah Enigmas of Natural and Unnatural History, Nosson Slifkin,
Israel, 2003 p. 62.
21
recently extinct has also been suggested as representing the "raem"
and in Akkadian (the language of Ancient Assyria) the word "rimu"
appears to mean an auroth. Whatever the "raem" originally was it
became identified with the unicorn and together with the lion these two
th
were used as symbols of Britain. The detail from a 17 century
synagogue ceiling reconstruction in Hodorov (Ukraine), picture depicts
a lion and unicorn. The lion is kissing the horn of the unicorn…
perhaps indicating the long awaiting reunification of Judah and
Joseph?
C. Historical Behaviour Category
46
16) Cyrus : Isaiah 44:28. HaShem says that He will send His messenger
before Him to prepare the way and rebuild the Temple (Mal 3:1). Rav
47
Saadia Gaon and Ibn Ezra said that the Messenger is the Messiah
48
Son of Joseph. The Messiah Son of Joseph, according to the Malbim
and others will be the future head of the Ten Tribes when they return
to re-unite with Judah. Now, Cyrus is a type of Messiah Son of Joseph,
a historical prototype. Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilna says "The historical
Cyrus in Isaiah serves as a figure representing the Messiah son of
Joseph and the Ten Tribes in general." Isaiah used the figure of Cyrus
as a prototype to prefigure the Messiah Son of Joseph. Thus, Cyrus
represents the Messiah Son of Joseph who will proceed and that of
the Messiah Son of David. The Messiah Son of Joseph will lead the
Ten Tribes in the Latter Days. Cyrus will also come to fulfill and
epitomize a process that will have already been started by those who
preceded him, so too will the Messiah Son of Joseph represent a
culmination of tendencies, emotions, and spiritual energies that will
have begun before His time. By examining which national groupings
46
Cyrus may well have been of Israelite descent. Another legend claims that Cyrus was the son of
Queen Esther and King Ahaseurus.
47
Rabbi Sa'adiah ben Yosef Gaon (Arabic: Saʻīd bin Yūsuf al-Fayyūmi, Sa'id ibn Yusuf al-Dilasi, Saadia
ben Yosef aluf, Sa'id ben Yusuf ra's al-Kull; alternative English Names: Saadia b. Joseph, Saadia ben
Joseph or Saadia ben Joseph of Faym or Saadia ben Joseph Al-Fayyumi; b. Egypt 882/892, d. Baghdad
942) was a prominent rabbi, Jewish philosopher, and exegete of the Geonic period. The first important
rabbinic figure to write extensively in Arabic, he is considered the founder of Judeo-Arabic literature.
Known for his works on Hebrew linguistics, Halacha, and Jewish philosophy, he was one of the more
sophisticated practitioners of the philosophical school known as the "Jewish Kalam" (Stroumsa 2003).
In this capacity, his philosophical work Emunoth ve-Deoth represents the first systematic attempt to
integrate Jewish theology with components of Greek philosophy. Saadia was also very active in
opposition to Karaism, in defense of rabbinic Judaism.
48
Meïr Leibush ben Yehiel Michel Wisser (March 7, 1809 – September 18, 1879), better known as The
Malbim, was a rabbi, master of Hebrew grammar, and Bible commentator. The name "Malbim" was
derived from the Hebrew initials of his name. He used this acronym as his surname in all his published
works, and became known by it in common usage.
22
have begun to fulfill and give expression to characteristics associated
with the Messiah Son of Joseph we may further discern in what areas
the ten tribes will be at the end times. Isaiah switched from Cyrus to
Israel in the same verses as may be seen in the text, in the Hebrew
49
original, and according to the explanation of the sages. Cyrus/Israel
is promised help from HaShem, power and great riches. Cyrus is thus
taken to embody all the Lost Tribes of Israel who have not known the
Almighty, yet they fulfill His historical will. Meaning, only Brit-Am
Nations, Covenant People Nations, fit the Biblical criteria of Joseph.
Whether you accept the idea of Cyrus as being a prototype of Messiah
Son of David or not, the verses surrounding the mention of Cyrus in
the Bible definitely are speaking of the end times. They definitely
concern Israel in the future and they correlate with all other passages
in the Bible dealing with the Ten Tribes in the End Times. We see from
these and other verses that the forces of Joseph (prototype messiahs
as Cyrus and many others) will be involved in the ingathering. This is
spoken of as a blessing, a promise, and a duty. They are also
connected with the building of the future Temple. These activities will
precede the redemption and ingathering of the Ten Tribes themselves.
We are entering the End Times and the only nations that have
supported the Jews and helped enable the State of Israel to exist, are
those identified by Brit-Am as containing significant numbers of lost
Israelites from the Ten Tribes.
17) Rule Over Other Peoples: Gen 27:29; 48:19 (KJV). Jacob [re-named
Israel] was blessed by Isaac: "Let people serve thee, and nations bow
down to thee: be lord over thy brethren, and let thy mother's sons bow
down to thee: cursed be every one that curseth thee, and blessed be
he that blesseth thee". Nations would bow down to the Twelve Tribes.
Ephraim (Ten Tribes) was also blessed, Gen 48:19: "And his father
refused, and said, I know it, my son, I know it: he also shall become a
people, and he also shall be great: but truly his younger brother shall
be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of
nations." The wording highlighted in bold in Hebrew is "malo hagoim"
or literally "the fullness of nations". Onkelos translates this as saying
that his seed will rule over the nations. Thus Ephraim (Ten Tribes) was
to become a ruler of other peoples! The expression "malo hagoim"
could also be understood to mean that other nations will be dependent
upon him for their very existence or at the least for their own fulfilment
and self-expression. The Ten Tribes headed by Ephraim and
represented by Ephraim in the Bible were to rule over other peoples.
This is one of their signs of identification. There are related
49
Isaiah 45:2-13.
23
50
concepts to this that also imply rulership over other peoples. Some of
these related concepts include becoming a light to the Gentiles,
possessing the gates (strategic points) of his enemies, being like an
irresistible lion in the flock, being the major world power at the end of
time and in the period leading up to it, historically possessing Egypt
and India and causing slaves from Africa to cross over to you in chains
where they were to become attached to you, etc.
18) Being Recognizable as a "Brit-Am": Isaiah 42:6; 49:8. The Ten Tribes
will comprise a "Brit-Am", or Confederation of People(s). Isaiah 42:6: "I
HaShem have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand,
and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people
[Hebrew: "Brit-Am"], for a light of the gentiles;" The bold highlighted
wording in Hebrew is "Brit-Am". Israel will be a Brit-Am. As said before,
in the Middle Ages Britain sometimes referred to herself as Britammia.
51
The Welsh called themselves, Bryth(y) Brithan, or Briths of Brithan.
In Biblical Hebrew "brith" means covenant. The Rabbinical Biblical
52
Commentator Malbim says that Brit-Am means Israel. Brit-Am
represents the Ten Tribes returning. Other reasons were that Brit-Am
hints at Britain from whom many of those to whom Davidiy direct their
message originate. Davidiy’s friend Cecil Davis pointed out that Brit-
Am can also be understood as a shortened way of saying "Britain and
America". Isaiah 49:8: "Thus saith HaShem, in an acceptable time
have I heard thee, and in a day of salvation have I helped thee: and I
will preserve thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people [Hebrew:
"brit-am"], to establish the earth, to cause to inherit the desolate
heritages;" The Talmud and Midrashim say that this verse and all the
verses around concern the Ten Tribes and their ultimate return and re-
unification with Judah. "Desolate heritages" relatively speaking were
the regions of North America, Australia, New Zealand, and South
Africa before the nations here spoken of colonized them. Also, on a
long-term geo-political and economical level, the Zionist- Jewish re-
settlement of part of the Land of Israel was made possible, in some
measure, due to the policies of Britain and America. The Ten Tribes
were to be associated with the name "Brit-Am" and with the concept it
represents: The Commonwealth of Nations, and the Commonwealth of
the People. British and American Constitutional Understanding and
Law entail (each with their own different points of emphasis) the
Conception of Confederation and of a Peoples Covenant, a sacred
bonding and mutual obligation between different parts of the nation
50
Dealt separately ith o the Brit A We site, please see Yair Da idiy’s ork.
51
Charles A. L. Totten: The Romance of History: Lost Israel Found, USA, 1890.
52
This is why Yair Davidiy chose "Brit-Am" for the name of their organization.
24
and basic in alienable rights. All this is entailed by the Covenant of the
People with the Nation. All of this is summed up in the Hebrew
expression "Brit-Am". "Brit-Am" is the Ten Tribes of Israel and their
future reunification with Judah as spoken of in Isaiah concerning the
reaction of Judah when he sees the Ten Tribes returning: "Then shalt
thou say in thine heart, who hath begotten me these, seeing I have lost
my children, and am desolate, a captive, and removing to and fro? And
who hath brought up these? Behold, I was left alone; these, where had
they been?" (Isaiah 49:21). A Midrash (repeated at least eight times in
early Talmudic and Midrashic sources) speaks of Isaiah 49:6 as
referring to the Ten Tribes and their places of exile and links Isaiah
49:21 to this phenomenon and the reaction of Judah when Judah
begins to realize who the present day Ten Tribes are! The Midrash
understands from the verse that until that time Judah will not have
53
been aware of who their Lost Tribal brothers are! Taken together with
all the other indicators we may conclude that here too is confirmatory
evidence for the Ten Tribes today being found as distinctly
recognizable entities only in Western Nations.
19) Seafarers: Isaiah 42:10. Nearly the whole of Isaiah chapter 42 is
54
referring to Israel. A covenant of the people [Brit-Am], for a light of
55
the gentiles and of freeing the prisoners . Isaiah also speaks of sea-
goers: "Sing unto HaShem a new song, and His praise from the end of
the earth, ye that go down to the sea, and all that is therein; the isles,
and the inhabitants thereof" (Isaiah 42:10). End of the earth: Most
Israelites dwell at the geographical extremities of the earth when
Jerusalem is considered as the center. Go down to the sea: This is
referenced to Seagoers. And all that is therein: Note the emphasis;
Israelites will be all over the seas of the world. This ties in with other
proofs (that are discussed before) connected with this one such as
Israelites being in many oceans and ruling the waves. Isles: references
to islands and coastland dwellers. Isaiah indicates that Israelites will
be major sea-farers. This fits in with the promises to Israel that
included being a major sea-faring power with international extensions.
The following verse (11) speaks of Kedar which is also linked with
North America and the Ten Tribes as expounded upon in the book
56
"Ephraim" The Ten Tribes had to be a sea-faring nation and include
sea-farers amongst their many other characteristics. Note the
53
Yair Davidiy discussed this in his research "Ephraim" and additional sources that we have since been
made aware of have confirmed their conclusions.
54
See Brit-Am commentary for details: http://www.britam.org/isaiah/Isaiah41to45.html#42
55
Isaiah 42:6.
56
Yair Davidiy, Ephraim – "Ephraim The Gentile Children of Israel": Revised Edition, Russell-Davis
Publishers, 1995, 2001, Israel.
25
connection of The Lost Ten Tribes with "Tarshish", with ships plying
the Atlantic Ocean, of Israelites being in "many waters", ruling the
waves, and of specific Tribes (such as Zebulon and Dan) being
connected with the sea and sea-Shores. On the one hand it may be
claimed that nearly every nation with a coastline has produced a sea-
faring element. When however one examines the historical record
there are not that many sea-faring races on a major level. We have the
British (including Americans), Scandinavians, and Dutch as the
primary sea-farers followed by Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italians,
Greeks, and to some degree the Chinese, and in our day Indians from
India. Out of this list Biblical Evidence shows that the British (including
Americans), Scandinavians, and Dutch as well as the French were the
ones whose populations included a significant proportion of Israelites.
However you take it, the message is clear that the Lost Ten Tribes are
to be found over several oceans and to include seafaring amongst
their activities and distinguishing markers.
20) Be the Dominant World Power: Num 24:7-9; Micah 5:7-9. The Ten
Tribes were to become a dominant world power and towards the end
of days, the most powerful nation or national grouping in the world.
This is evident from the implications of other identifying characteristics
such as rule over other peoples, etc., and defeating Edom. It is also a
sign in its own right. This is described in the prophecy of Bilaam, in
Num 24:7: "He shall pour the water out of his buckets, and his seed
shall be in many waters, and his king shall be higher than Agag, and
his kingdom shall be exalted". Agag represents the most powerful ruler
in the non-Israelite world and Israel will surpass his might. He will be
on many waters in all oceans and on every sea; to be a powerful
world-encompassing kingdom. Num 24:8: "Elohim brought him forth
out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of a unicorn: he shall eat
up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce
them through with his arrows". Ephraim is to be a mighty nation which
defeats all its enemies. There is hardly a nation in the world that at
some stage or other was not defeated in battle by Britain and/or the
USA. Again we have the symbol of the Unicorn. The Midrash
(Numbers Rabah 2;7) says that the unicorn is the symbol of
Manasseh. It is true that the unicorn is now part of the symbolic coat of
arms of the UK but they derived it from Scotland which has two
unicorns on its standard. The USA is dominated by Manasseh. Is the
verse above hinting that Manasseh (symbolized by the unicorn) would
end up being the most powerful tribe? Num 24:9: "He couched; he lay
down as a lion, and as a great lion: who shall stir him up? Blessed is
he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee". Also: Micah
(5:7-9) is very clear in his prophecy about their strength: "And the
26
remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many people as a dew from
HaShem, as the showers upon the grass, that tarrieth not for man, nor
waiteth for the sons of men. And the remnant of Jacob shall be among
the gentiles in the midst of many people as a lion among the beasts of
the forest, as a young lion among the flocks of sheep: who, if he go
through, both treadeth down, and teareth in pieces, and none can
delive. Thine hand shall be lifted up upon thine adversaries, and all
thine enemies shall be cut off".
21) Military Might: Deut 33:27, 33:29; Jer 51:20-21. The Bible predicted
that Israelites would be renowned for their military ability and be the
major world power. This proof is part and parcel of the other aspects
such as ruling over other peoples, becoming the dominant world
power; nevertheless, military might must be counted separately. It
adds something in the way of emphasis and is a distinction of power in
general. Military might does not necessarily have to always
accompany the other facets of power and dominance though in the
case of Joseph it does, and the Bible predicted it would do so. Jer
51:19-21: "The portion of Jacob is not like them; for he is the former of
all things: and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: the Lord of Hosts is
His Name. Thou art my battle axe and weapons of war: for with thee
will I break in pieces the nations, and with thee will I destroy kingdoms;
and with thee will I break in pieces the horse and his rider; and with
thee will I break in pieces the chariot and his rider;" Israel is the tool
HaShem uses to break and make nations. To the degree that this
prophecy was to be fulfilled before the Messianic Era then it could only
have been fulfilled by the Ten Tribes. The Ten Tribes of Israel could
therefore only be found amongst a people or peoples who were
powerful on the international scene, preferably the most powerful. This
is another proof confirming Brit-Am’s (Davidiy’s) identifications. Zech
10:7: "And they of Ephraim shall be like a mighty man, and their heart
shall rejoice as through wine: yea, their children shall see it, and be
glad; their heart shall rejoice in HaShem." The military ability of Israel
was also predicted by Moses in Deut 33:26-27: "There is none like
unto the Elohim of Jeshurun, Who rideth upon the heaven in thy help,
and in His excellency on the sky. The eternal Elohim is thy refuge, and
underneath are the everlasting arms: and He shall thrust out the
enemy from before thee; and shall say, destroy them." Here it is
implied that the Almighty takes care of our enemies for us. In
continuation of these verses however it is seen that HaShem prefers
that we ourselves destroy the evildoers and enemies of Israel. This
requires courage and at times self-sacrifice. Deut 33:28: "Israel then
shall dwell in safety alone: the fountain of Jacob shall be upon a land
of corn and wine; also his heavens shall drop down dew." Referring to
27
agricultural bounty. "His heavens shall drop down dew": The nations
we have identified as containing significant numbers of Israelites all
dwell in areas that have beneficial climates, invigorating environments,
and fertile soils. Military ability is an Israelite attribute, Deut 33:29:
"Happy art thou, o Israel: who is like unto thee, o people saved by
HaShem, the shield of thy help, and who is the sword of thy
excellency! And thine enemies shall be found liars unto thee; and thou
shalt tread upon their high places." This is also translatable from the
Hebrew as saying, "and for whom the sword is of thy excellency", i.e.
the sword is the source of your pride. One of the signs of Israelite
descent is proven potential of military ability against overwhelming
odds. This quality is not always evident but it is there. Sometimes it is
temporarily dormant. Other characteristic include those of fraternity
towards other Israelites, mercy, and justice.
22) The Battle-Axe of the Almighty or "Police-Man of the Globe": Jer 51:20
Zech 10:7. Some said that Jeremiah is referring to the Medes as the
"battle-ax" of HaShem, but according to the simple meaning he is
referring to Israel. Israel is the tool HaShem uses to break and make
nations. To the degree that this prophecy was to be fulfilled before the
Messianic Era then it could only have been fulfilled by the Ten Tribes.
The Ten Tribes of Israel could therefore only be found amongst a
people or peoples who were powerful on the international scene,
preferably the most powerful. This is yet another proof confirming Brit-
Am’s identification criteria.
23) Defeat Edom: Ezek 25:14; Obad 1:18. The Ten Tribes headed by
Ephraim are destined to defeat Edom. Edom means the sons of Esau
who dominate Germany and other portions of Europe and possibly
Japan as well. To identify The Ten Tribes headed by Ephraim we must
therefore seek a nation or group of nations that has proven itself
capable of the said feat in the past. The nations of Britain and North
America and their kin folk have done this. This quality (like all other
identifying characteristics) has to be considered along with all other
identifying characteristics that taken as a whole can only indicate one
specific group of peoples. Ezek 25:14: "And I will lay my vengeance
upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel: and they shall do in
Edom according to mine anger and according to my fury; and they
shall know my vengeance, saith Adonai Elohim." Tradition says that
the seed of Ephraim, who is Joseph, will destroy Edom. The Book of
Obadiah is dedicated to this theme, Obad 1:18: "And the house of
Jacob shall be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame, and the house
of Esau for stubble and they shall kindle in them, and devour them;
and there shall not be any remaining of the house of Esau; for
28
HaShem hath spoken it." Obadiah says that the House of Joseph shall
destroy the House of Esau. Rabbinical sources identified Esau with
Rome and with Germany and sometimes with Europe in general. The
Talmud says that only Joseph is capable of defeating Esau. The
sources do not say that all the Germans are from Esau but part of
them, especially amongst elite leading elements. The same sources
also say that the Germans are descended from Canaanites, from
Gomer, from Togarmah, from Ashkenaz, and so on. They are
therefore a mixed people like most other peoples. There was however
a tradition that the ruling elements of Rome and Germany were
descended from Esau. Many Germans considered themselves the
descendants of Roman soldiers and identified with the Roman Empire.
We must look for a nation that has proven itself capable of defeating
Germany and this is what Britain and the USA (Joseph) did do in the
Second World War. The Commentary, "Ahavat Yehonatan",
57
VaYishalch : "You may ask, since the House of Jacob is fire they
should be able to overcome Esau alone. Why then should they need
Joseph? The answer is that the power of Jacob to fight against Esau is
applicable only if Esau comes within the boundaries of Israel. In order
to offensively penetrate the borders of Esau we need Joseph since the
seed of Esau falls only before the children of Rachel. The intention
here is to Joseph who was born outside of the Land of Israel..." Notes
58
from the Commentary "Daat Sofrim" : "Edom is not a nation of one
pure constitution. It is composed of the descendants of Esau and of
the Horites who intermingled together. As a result of this foreign
qualities were added to those that naturally belonged to Esau." The
prophecy is apparently directed not only to the period when this people
[Esau] dwelt in its land but also to the days when it would be
assimilated amongst the peoples of the world and fulfill its great role
beginning with Rome. "And the house of Esau for stubble": Daat
Sofrim emphasizes, 1) All prophesies of disaster and punishment are
contingent on the culprit not reforming himself but if he changes his
ways disaster can be averted. 2) It says that the House of Edom will
be made an end of, i.e. it will no longer exist as an independent
recognizable unit but many individuals from Edom will survive amongst
59
other nations. These sources show that Esau dominates Germany
and related nations and that only "Joseph" can defeat them. We
57
Eybeschuetz, Jonathan, Ahavat Yehonatan. Published Varsha: Zisberg, 1875. p. 228.
58
R' Chaim Dov Rabinowitz (1909–2001) was a Lithuanian born rabbi who authored a monumental
commentary on the Hebrew Bible (Daat Soferim) and a history of the Jewish people (From Nechemia
to the Present).
59
For more on this matter see the Brit-Am Commentary to the Book of Obadiah a d Yair Da idiy’s
publication, "Joseph" - The Israelite Destiny of America" Russell-Davis Publishers, 5761, 2001,
Jerusalem, Israel 2nd edition. http://britam.org/bkjoseph.html
29
therefore, in order to identify "Joseph", should search for a nation or
group of nations that have proven such ability within historical times.
24) Light for the Gentiles: Gen 12:2-3, 18:18-19, 22:18; Isaiah 42:1, 6;
Amos 5:14-15: "Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in
whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring
forth judgment to the gentiles". Remember "but thou, Israel, art my
servant" [Isaiah 41:8] and "he shall bring forth judgment to the
gentiles" (Isaiah 41:1). Israel shall judge and rule over the other
nations and instruct them. Isaiah 42:6: "I HaShem have called thee in
righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give
thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the gentiles;" Israel
will be a Brit-Am (covenant of the people). As said before, in the
Middle Ages Britain sometimes referred to herself as Britammia. The
Welsh called themselves, Bryth(y) Brithan, or Briths of Brithan. The
Rabbinical Commentator Malbim says that "Brit-Am" here refers to
Israel. On the whole the Ten Tribes have instructed and enlightened
other nations.
25) Alcoholic Drunkards: Isaiah 28:1-3. Isaiah 28:2 refers to the Ten Tribes
in their places of exile as the drunkards of Ephraim. This means they
must be found in alcohol consuming countries. The USA, Australia,
Britain, Ireland, Scotland, South Africa, and related nations fit the bill
along with other attributes unique to themselves.
D. Situation Category
26) Separate from Judah: Isaiah 11:12-13, 49:21. The Ten Tribes will not
be part of Judah. Only in the Last days just before or during the
Messianic Era will Judah and Joseph re-unite. Until that time they will
be separate. The Ten Tribes must therefore be sought for amongst an
entity that is not part of Judah and not recognized by Judah. In other
words, the Ten Tribes must be the "Yosef in Egypt" in dress and
stature. The Ten Tribes must be undercover, hidden Hebrews! In the
End Times recognition will come but it will not be easy. Judah has
prejudices and historical hang-ups to overcome and so does Joseph.
A lot of dislike of Judah and wrong thoughts concerning Judah are still
to be found amongst Joseph. These experiences serve to strengthen
the conviction of the Brit-Am truth. In the census figures of Ezra and
Nehemiah none of the Ten Tribes are mentioned but only people from
Judah, Benjamin, and Levi. All of the Prophets spoke of the Ten Tribes
remaining separate and lost until the End Times. Nachmanides spoke
30
60 61
of these issues in the Book of Redemption. Ezekiel 37 speaks of
the re-union of Judah and Joseph in the end times. Isaiah (11:11-12)
spoke of the future re-union of Joseph and Judah. Isaiah in this
passage implies that not only will the two halves have been separate
until the end times but also a certain amount of antagonism may have
existed between them on occasion. Isaiah 11:12-13 "and he shall set
up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel,
and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of
the earth. The envy also of Ephraim shall depart, and the adversaries
of Judah shall be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah
shall not vex Ephraim." One side will not envy or vex the other after
the re-union. This implies that before the re-union there were
occasions when elements amongst one side or the other were
antagonistic to their brothers. The Talmud says: "Concerning who did
Isaiah pronounce this prophecy? He was speaking only concerning
62
Judah and Joseph. Said Rabbi Shmuel son of Nachman in the name
63
of Rabbi Yonathan, when Joseph and Judah were arguing the Holy
Angels said to each other, Let us go down and see what is happening.
Usually when a bull and a lion confront each other the bull retreats
before the lion. In this case a bull (Joseph) and a lion (Judah) are
arguing and there is a standoff. Jealousy will continue to abide
between these two until he Messiah comes, as it says: [Isaiah 11:13]
"The envy also of Ephraim shall depart, and the adversaries of Judah
shall be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not vex
Ephraim." (Tanchuma, VaYigash, 4). In the past Jeroboam the son of
Nebat who was from Ephraim hated King Rehoboam who was from
Judah. There was a controversy between them. In the future there will
be peace between these two anointed leaders. They will not be jealous
of each other. Concerning them, it says: (Isaiah 11:13) "The envy also
60
Rabbi Dr Charles B. Chavel, Ramban (Nachminides): The Book Of Redemption. Publisher: Shilo
Publishing House (January 1, 1978). ISBN-10: 0883280272.
61
Extracts from which were quoted in Brit-A ’s arti le o Na h a ides a d the Te Tri es – THE TEN
TRIBES WILL RETURN! The Bible Says So! By Nachmanides (Rabbi Moshe ben Nachman, 1194-1270,
born in Spain, died in the Land of Israel): http://britam.org/ShortRETURN.htm
62
Samuel ben Nahman or Samuel [bar] Nahmani was a rabbi of the Talmud, known as an amora, who
lived in the Land of Israel from the beginning of the 3rd century until the beginning of the 4th century.
He was a pupil of R. Jonathan ben Eleazar (Pes. 24a) and one of the most famous haggadists of his time
(Yer. Ber. 12d; Midr. Teh. to Ps. ix. 2). He was a native of the Land of Israel and may have known the
patriarch Judah I (Gen R. ix.). It appears that he went to Babylon in his youth but soon returned to
Israel (Sanh. 96b).
63
Rabbi Jonathan was a Palestinian tanna of the 2nd century and schoolfellow of R. Josiah, apart from
whom he is rarely quoted. Jonathan is generally so cited without further designation; but there is
ample reason for identifying him with the less frequently occurring Jonathan (or Nathan) b. Joseph (or
"Jose"; o p. Mek.[disa iguatio eeded], Yitro, Baḥodesh, , ith “ifre, Deut. ; Mek., Ki Tissa,
, ith Yo a ; Tosef., Niddah, ii. , Ket. , a d Yer. “oṭah ii. .
31
of Ephraim shall depart, and the adversaries of Judah shall be cut off:
Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not vex Ephraim."
(Brayshit Rabati page 147). Everywhere you find these two tribes
(Judah and Joseph) hating each other and antagonistic to each other,
etc. May we infer from this that even the future Anointed Captain of
War who will arise from Joseph and the Anointed Messiah who will
arise from Judah will (Heaven forbid) be jealous of each other? No.
There will be no antagonism between them, as it says: [Isaiah 11:13]
"The envy also of Ephraim shall depart, and the adversaries of Judah
shall be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not vex
Ephraim." (Agadat Brayshit 63)." To conclude, Ephraim represents all
the Ten Tribes. Those who harass Judah shall be cut off, Anti-Semites
will be punished. Ephraim shall not be jealous of Judah; a lot of anti-
Semitism is due to jealousy. Judah shall not harass Ephraim; Jewish
do-gooders and hyper-active individuals etc. sometimes antagonize
other people, it is in their nature.
27) Not known to Judah: Isaiah 49:13-14, 21. Hosea 1:7. Isaiah 28:11
says "For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to
this people." Most Israelites will not know Hebrew at that time. Isaiah
speaks of the Jewish reaction when the Ten Tribes will return. Many
Jews will be astounded and even perhaps slightly resentful since they
will feel that Joseph at times of trouble could have been more positive.
Isaiah says the Ten Tribes will return and the Jews of Judah will meet
the return of the Ten Tribes with mixed reactions, Isaiah 49:21, "Then
shalt thou say in thine heart, who hath begotten me these, seeing I
have lost my children, and am desolate, a captive, and removing to
and fro? And who hath brought up these? Behold, I was left alone;
these, where had they been?" In other words, the Jews will ask where
were all those now identified as Israel when the Jews needed help and
were alone? According to the Midrash (Pesikta Rabati 32;10) this
reaction of the Jews will take place when they see the three exiles of
the Ten Tribes returning! This reaction is also discussed in the Zohar
as described in Yair Davidiy’s book 'Ephraim'.
28) Christianity (it may however have a role to play concerning the Ten
Tribes): Hosea 2:8, 13, 16, 11:12; Jer 31:6. They shall worship the
64
Baal like the Celts in Britain and Gaul once did. Baal was a god who
died and was resurrected. They shall mistake Baal for the God of
65
Israel . Hosea 11:12 says "Ephraim compasseth me about with lies,
and the house of Israel with deceit: but Judah yet ruleth with Elohim,
64
Hosea 2:8, 2:13, 2:16.
65
Hosea 2:16.
32
and is faithful with the saints." Ephraim shall be called "Notsrim" in
Hebrew. This term later came to be applied to Christianity and from the
beginning had religious connotations, Jer 31:6, "For there shall be a
day, that the watchmen [Hebrew: notsrim] upon the mount Ephraim
shall cry, arise ye, and let us go up to zion unto Adonai our Elohim."
The word translated above as "watchmen" is applicable, not to Judah,
but to Ephraim. This term in Hebrew came to mean "Christian" and
Jeremiah was in fact prophesying that the Ten Tribes in the latter
times would be Christians prior to their return. As Hebraic Restorers,
now seen all over the world, we consider, in line with Maimonides
concerning Christianity and Islam in general, that Christianity is a tool
of divine providence through which the Gentiles will become more
acquainted with Biblical Truth. Specifically, Christianity is the means by
which most of the Ten Tribes will first become acquainted with their
Israelite identity and its significance. As such, Christianity is the
Hebraic Restorers’ ally and not adversary. A good portion of those
Christians who support Biblical truth, emphasize the Hebrew roots of
their religion, while recognizing the paganism that has been adopted
by mainstream Christianity. The Ten Tribes therefore must be sought
for amongst Christian nations. They are not amongst the Jews (of
Judah), neither are they muslims, or pagans. They must be sought for
amongst those Christian nations that emphasize Biblical truth. This
claim has Biblical and historical substance and is an additional
foundational proof when impressing "Judah" as to who the Ten Tribes
are and where they are to be found at present. The Ten Tribes were
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exiled for their sins, for violating the Torah and part of their offenses
included the worship of the pagan god "baal", 2 Kings 17:6-8, 10 and
16, "In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and
carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in
Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes. For so it
was, that the children of Israel had sinned against HaShem their
Elohim, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from
under the hand of pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,
and walked in the statutes of the heathen, whom HaShem cast out
from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they
had made… and they set them up images and groves in every high
hill, and under every green tree:… and they left all the commandments
of HaShem their Elohim, and made them molten images, even two
calves, and made a grove, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and
served Baal." Baal worship was one of their distinguishing
characteristics. The Israelite "Celts" in Britain also worshipped the Baal
66
Joh : Whosoe er o itteth si tra sgresseth also the la Torah : for si is the
transgression of the law (Torah).
33
as noted. "Baal: The worship of fire is associated with both Baal and
Moloch in ancient times. There is the familiar story of Elijah and the
prophets of Baal in I Kings 18. An idea of the extent of Baal worship is
found in Ireland. Abundant traces are preserved to this day in place
names and in dedications of ancient temples to Baal. The tradition
remains at Glendalough, County Wicklow, Ireland, that in ancient times
the heathen priest used to ascend the fine round stone tower, now
restored, and at sunrise called aloud the name of Baal four times, once
from each of the four openings at the summit of the tower which face
the cardinal points of the compass. Baal worship is believed to have
continued until the time of St. Patrick. There are many remnants of old
fire worship and sacrifice of children to Moloch in Scotland. Only a
century ago on an estate in Scotland it was the practice of peasants on
May Day to gather round a fire and throw their children across from
one to another through the fire. Other similar descriptions come from
Devonshire and in Ireland at fires called Beltina, or Baal fires. Beltane
is the name of the first of May in Scotland which even now
commemorates the ancient name of Bel" (Victoria Institute, 44:125;
6:267; 27:185-186). Note that this type of Christianity i.e. fire worship,
Christmas trees, Mother Mary icons, etc., is absolutely forbidden to
Jews!!
29) Gomer: Hosea chapter 1. Descendants of the Ten Tribes in the Book
of Hosea are described as the sons of a loose woman called Gomer.
Gomer was also the name of a group of nations descended from
Japheth who elsewhere are described as being in Europe. Before
moving to Europe, Gomer the son of Japheth was to be found in the
Middle East. Regions attributed to Gomer son of Japhet in Midrashic
and related sources are also those attributed to the Ten Tribes. The
Book of Hosea indicates a union of the exiled northern Israelites with
Gomer. We may therefore assume some type of geographical
association between Gomer of Japheth and Gomer of Israel. The
name Gomer was also the name given to the Cimmerians. The
Cimmerians were a people who first appeared on the fringes of the
Assyrian Empire shortly after the Israelites were exiled. From the
Cimmerians emerged the Scythians and Goths. The term Gomer
(Gameri or Gumri in Akkadian) is also similar to how the name for
Israel, "Khumri", could have been pronounced by the Assyrians.
Khumri was the Assyrian name for Israel and cases are known where
the Assyrians switched "g" for the "kh" sound. Gomer was the name of
a son of Japheth son of Noah. Gomer was the father of Ashkenaz,
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Riphat, and Togarmah . From the union of Hosea emerged three
67
Genesis chapter 10.
34
children who are shown to represent the Ten Tribes. The Prophet
Hosea symbolizes the Almighty or Israel. According to the allegory that
Hosea explicitly gives us, from his union with Gomer emerge
descendants of the Ten Tribes in their state of exile. This corresponds
with our historical researches that show that Gomer is the Cimmerian
peoples. Israelites either: 1) Became identified as the Cimmerians and
company or at the least 2) merged with them and are to be found
amongst peoples derived from Cimmerian-descended groups. The
genealogies of Gomer and his sons are quite interesting: "And the
sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphah, and Togarmah" (Gen 10:3).
Gomer was identified with Afrikey and with Germamia or Germaniah
(Genesis Rabah 37). Afrikey appears to have been an area in Elam
near Susiana where (according to de Gobineau) the name Afrikey was
given to a sacred region of the Medes. Others have tried to identify
Afrikey with Iberia in the Caucasus or with Phrygia in Turkey.
Wherever "Afrikey" actually was, the Ten Tribes of Israel were also
reported to have been there! "Germamia" or "Germaniah" may be
Carmania in southwest Iran which Herodotus (1;125) termed
Germania and wherein Israelite groups for a time were to be found.
Alternative identifications for "Germaniah" are "Mannae" in Armenia
and Germanikey in the Bosporus area. A connection with the
European country of Germany should also be considered. One ancient
source (Targum Jerushalemi on Genesis 10) lists Afrikey, Germania,
Madai, Macedonia, Bythinia, Thrace, as belonging to Gomer. The
Cimmerians at a later stage did invade these regions whence they
moved further westward. Ashkenaz is often identified with the Scyths.
Ashkenaz was attributed "Asia" (Genesis Rabah 37) meaning an area
by Sardes in Lydia (Western Turkey by Phrygia), as well possibly as a
region in Cilicia (Southeast Turkey, and to part of Afghanistan. The
name Ashkenaz was also given (Targum Jehonathan on Ezekiel
27;23) to Haydayb (i.e. Adiabene) in Northern Syria which in the
Talmud (Yebamot 17) is equated with Habor whereto part of the exiled
Israelites were taken (2 Kings 17:6). The Targum Jerushalemi
identifies Ashkenaz with the Barbari which is an ethnic connotation for
the so called "Germanic" peoples who attacked and invaded the
Roman Empire ca.200-500 C.E. Elsewhere both the Barbari and the
Germans are identified with Edom. In ancient times the term Barbar
was used synonymously with the term for Hebrew. Adiabene, which
one source ascribed to Ashkenaz, is also attributed (Genesis Rabah
37) to Riphah brother of Ashkenaz. Riphah is connected to the
Riphaean (Ural) and/or Carpathian Mountains by some. Greek (such
as Aristotle) and Roman sources applied the name Riphas or Riphai to
the Alpine Mountains in Central Europe. The Targum Yehonathan
placed Riphah in Parkvi which is located in the region of Areia east of
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the Caspian Sea. "Areia" is the Greek rendition of Hara whereto part of
the Ten Tribes were taken (1 Chron 5;26). Togarmah the brother of
Ashkenaz has been identified with the region of Tilgarimu just north
and northeast of Cilicia. Also in the Hara and neighbouring region east
of the Caspian Sea was Tukharistan and a people called Togar or
Tukharian in Classical Literature. These names relate to Togarmah
and are connected both with the Germans and with the Turks. In this
same general area were the Chumaru, the Chomari, and the Komari
which names all connect with the Cimmerians and with Gomer. Later
Rabbinical traditions were to link both Gomer proper and Ashkenaz
with the Germans. Riphah was associated with peoples in France.
Togarmah with the Turks. The Anglo-Saxons also emerged from
Turkish areas in Central Asia and are associated with the Turks in
Medieval Mythology. The Khazars (who were part of the Ten Tribes
and related to the Scots, Anglo-Saxons, Finns, and Scandinavians)
were subjected to Turkish cultural influences and have WRONGLY
been attributed Turkish origins. Josephus identified Gomer with the
Celtic Galatians while Josephon linked Gomer to the Franks of
Western Europe. All of the above identifications have some historical
pertinence. They are not intended to be all exclusive and these same
sources sometimes attribute one ancestor to several people or one
people to several ancestors. Sometimes the attributions refer to
temporary historical situations in which the countries mentioned were
conquered for a time by a small group belonging to the identified
ancestor, and so on. The overall essence of the sources is to identify
Gomer and sons with peoples who eventually settled in central and
western Europe! Since the exiled Israelites are identified with entities
who in their places of exile were to combine (temporarily?) with
Gomer, so too must these same Israelites be sought after in those
same regions towards which "Gomer" gravitated! Hosea 1:4 says "and
HaShem said unto him, call his name Jezreel; for yet a little while, and
i will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu, and will
cause to cease the kingdom of the house of Israel." Jezreel is the
name of a town and a valley. It was a place of significance in Israelite
history. In prophecy its significance involves the meaning of its name
from the root Yezer meaning "to scatter". Jehu was an Israelite king.
The name is pronounced as Yehu or Hu in short since the Ye-
component is one of the names of Elohim. In Welsh tradition, the
Welsh were known as Gomri and as Cyrmy (i.e. Cimmerians) and
were led by Hu from Drephrobane opposite Byzantium across the sea
to Defene in Wales. In Yair Davidiy’s book Ephraim it is shown how
these traditions coincide with Jewish traditions about the Ten Tribes.
This is not an absolute proof, but taken in context it is a legitimate
indication and should be seen in both a Biblical and historical
36
68
perspective. Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilan as interpreted by Shlomoh
Koslavski, ("Va-Asher Tovanah Yagidu", Jerusalem, 5764) used a
system that would have placed Gomer in Scandinavia or in Northern
Europe in general and Magog to the south of Gomer. On the other
hand Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilan understood the Talmud as identifying
Gomer with Germany. On the whole the sources incline to identify
Gomer in our time as descriptive of "Celtic" and "Germanic" peoples.
The Brit-Am identification of the Lost Ten Tribes with groups in
Western and Northern nations corresponds with the above. Historically
the entities identified as Israelites, were on the whole associated with
"Celtic" and "Germanic" and migrated westward with them. This fits the
description of Hosea who described the Ten Tribes in exile as
offshoots of Gomer.
E. Blessings Category
30) Numerous: Gen 15:5, 22:17, 24:60, 32:12; Num 23:10; Isaiah 9:3,
10:22, 24:16, 26:15; Hos 1:10. It was prophesied that the Ten Tribes
would be extremely numerous and numbers hundreds of millions or
more. We must therefore look for a group of peoples related to each
other who do have such numbers as well as fulfilling all the other
criteria given by the Bible. Only the Brit-Am solution fulfills these
conditions. Abraham was promised that his seed would be extremely
69
numerous. Isaac married Rebecca who it was predicted would
70
become the mother of alfei revava or "thousands of ten thousands",
translated as thousands of millions by the King James. Isaac was to be
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the ancestor of innumerable descendants. The Israelites will be so
68
Rabbi Elijah (Eliyahu) ben Shlomo Zalman Kremer, 1720-1797. The word "gaon" means genius and
on no person could this title be more appropriately bestowed than on Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilna. Rabbi
Eliyahu was probably the most influential Jewish leader in modern history. Rabbi Eliyahu's great
abilities began to show at a very early age. At the age of seven he gave his first public discourse and
displayed a fully developed intellect. By the time he was ten he had advanced to the point where he
no longer needed a teacher. When he was still a young man, Rabbi Eliyahu accepted upon himself
"galus," self-imposed exile (a not unheard of practice at that time), in which he wandered from
community to community as a beggar. This lasted for a period of some years whereupon he returned
to the city of Vilna. Despite efforts on his part to hide his great righteousness and phenomenal
knowledge, he was soon famed as a great tzadik (righteous man) and Torah scholar. At the age of 35
he was approached by one of the leading sages of that time, Rabbi Yonason Eybschutz, to act as an
intermediary in the conflict between him and another great sage, Rabbi Yakov Emden. The Gaon
passed away in 1797 leaving behind a tremendous legacy, both from his vast and varied writings on all
Torah subjects and from his outstanding students who went on to spread Torah throughout the people
of Israel.
69
Gen 15:5, 22:17-18.
70
Gen 24:60.
71
Gen 32:12.
37
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numerous that they cannot be counted. The Ten Tribes at the end
times will number an enormous number of people. We saw how the
Jews of Judah will be astounded at the numbers of Lost Israelites who
will return even though they were not previously known to belong to
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Israel . Isaiah predicted that in the Last days only a few would survive
74
and that disasters would occur. "Be as the sand of the sea":
Descendants of Israel will be exceedingly numerous towards the end
times. Isaiah says that the nation will be increased greatly and be
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removed unto the ends of the earth meaning the geographical
extremities of the world such as Britain/Scotland, North America,
Scandinavia, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand and South
Africa. Hosea also said that the Children of Israel will be
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innumerable. When you take everything all together and consider
who we believe the Ten Tribes to be today and their present numbers
and compare them with that which was prophesied, instead of asking
"how can they be so many?", one could well ask, "where are the rest?"
Brit-Am supporter, Colbert Brian, pointed out that an indicated number
concerning the Israelites in the future could have been six hundred
million males plus their families based on the prophecy when they left
Egypt! Deut 1:11: "Adonai Elohim of your fathers make you a thousand
times so many more as ye are, and bless you, as he hath promised
you!" At that time they numbered more than 600,000 males who went
out to war. A thousand times 600,000 makes 600 million males on to
which must be added females and children under the age of twenty
and men over the age of 60. We have not yet necessarily reached
these numbers but will do so in the future. If our peoples do not repent,
the numbers will be greatly reduced prior to the day of deliverance,
Isaiah 10:22 "For though your people Israel be as the sand of the sea,
only a remnant of them will return. Destruction is decreed, overflowing
with righteousness." This indicates that towards the last days the
Israelites will be exceedingly numerous but only a relatively few would
make it. Jer 3:14 says "Turn, o backsliding children, saith HaShem; for
I am married unto you: and I will take you one of a city, and two of a
family, and I will bring you to zion:" This could mean several things: It
could be that only a minority will return. Zech 13:8 indicates that there
will also be some kind of calamity and that only a third will survive:
"And it shall come to pass, that in all the land, saith HaShem, two parts
therein shall be cut off and die; but the third shall be left therein". Zion
according to the simple meaning is another term for Jerusalem
72
Num 23:10.
73
Isaiah 49:21.
74
Isaiah 10:22.
75
Isaiah 24:16, 26:15.
76
Hosea 1:10.
38
meaning Judah in the religious sense. It could be that a relatively small
portion "one of a city, and two of a family" will be called upon to return
to repentance and accept Torah in the religious sense, prior to the
Messianic Era. Ezek 5:2 is referring to the fate of Jerusalem on the
simple level. One third destroyed within the city, another third in the
area around about, and the last third scattered and exiled. A similar
use of dividing into threes concerning a coming calamity was found in
Zechariah (13:8-9). The general explanation suggested is that some
calamity will occur in the last days. Two-thirds of the world’s people
(including, by implication, two-thirds of the Israelites?) will perish. Part
of the remaining third of non-Israelites and Israelites by descent will
then accept the faith of Israel and identify as Israelites. There will be
persecutions and the threat of extinction. Most of the non-Israelites
who accepted the Israelite faith will back out and it will be mainly those
of Israelite descent who remain attached to Israelite religion. After all
that, no matter what happens, the Israelite numbers will increase
again.
31) Agricultural Plenty: Gen 27:28 49:25; Deut 33:13-16; Hoshea 2:8.
Jacob was promised a healthy climate, agricultural plenty and mineral
77 78
riches . These blessing were repeated in the blessing to Joseph,
who is a type of the Ten Tribes. "Blessings of heaven above": climate
and agriculture. "Blessings of the deep": Water and mineral resources.
"The breasts, and of the womb": Health and fertility and bounty from
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HaShem. In the Blessing of Moses tells us that Joseph will be
blessed with agricultural plenty and mineral resources (33:15-16). This
says that Joseph was blessed with agricultural prosperity, healthy
lands, and mineral resources in plenty (verse 13). Some plants need a
set number of hours of both daylight and darkness (verse 14), certain
plants require moonlight. Food products and Mineral resources (verse
15). Verse 16, "precious things of the earth" means agricultural plenty
and "that was separated from his brethren" indicates Joseph was apart
from his brothers Judah and still dwells apart from them in physically
separated areas. Hoshea (2:8) also says that the Ten Tribes in their
place of exile, as well as being extremely numerous, shall enjoy great
agricultural bounty and other material blessings. Nations we identify as
having the Ten Tribes amongst them produce nearly all of the world’s
agricultural surpluses: Beef, sheep (mutton and wool), wheat, maize,
cotton, sugar, wine (France, USA, Australia, South Africa, Israel),
77
Gen 27:28.
78
Gen 49:25.
79
Deuteronomy chapter 33.
39
fruits, vegetables, etc. Lands of Joseph are especially prominent in this
regard and Joseph was bestowed a double portion.
32) Mineral Resources: Gen 49:25; Deut 33:13, 15. This is linked with the
blessing of Agricultural Plenty since where agricultural blessings are
recalled so too are mineral resources. Gen 49:25 "Blessings of the
deep": Water and mineral resources. Deut 33:13 says that Joseph was
blessed with agricultural prosperity, healthy lands, and mineral
resources in plenty. Verse 15 indicates food products and mineral
resources countries. Countries comprising both are North America,
Australia and South Africa which are very rich in mineral resources.
Britain in ancient times was the chief source of tin for the world. Tin
was needed in the production of bronze which was the major metal
then in use. Britain also was historically important in the production of
silver, lead, gold (from Ireland), and, at the time of writing, has oil
resources in the North Sea area together with Norway. Scandinavia
produced amber which in ancient times was more valued than gold.
Major other underground products such as petroleum though not
always in Ten Tribes countries are nevertheless frequently to a
significant degree under their de facto control.
33) Gate(s) of Your Enemies: Gen 22:17, 24:60. These are international
strategic points. Abraham was told that his seed would inherit the gate
of his enemies (Gen 22:16). "By myself have I sworn": HaShem is
eternal and so is this promise. The promise was now made
unconditional and irrevocable. It had to be fulfilled as in part it has
been. Gen 22:17 says "the gate of his enemies", meaning Abraham
was promised that his descendants would control strategic points
giving him an edge over actual and potential adversaries. The son of
Abraham was Isaac. Isaac married Rebecca who it was predicted
would become the mother of 'alfei revava' or thousands of ten
thousands and that her seed would possess the gate of those who
hate them (24:60). These prophecies meant that the promised seed
would possess international thoroughfares and vantage points of
strategic importance as the USA and Britain (and only they) have
done. Obtaining bases and control over international strategic points is
still a fundamental part of American and British foreign policy and
military strategy. They are unique in this matter. Abraham had been
promised that his seed would possess the gate of his enemies and
Rebecca likewise was promised that her seed would possess the gate
of those that hate them. The promise to possess the gate of enemies
refers to the possession of strategic points that allow access to or
control over thoroughfares of supply or the interior of a country or
something similar. This is how Rabbinical Commentators understood
40
it, for instance it was said that the blessing was partially fulfilled in the
time of Solomon by Solomon building the city of Tadmor in Northern
Syria. Possession of Tadmor enabled Solomon to control the passage
of caravans bearing merchandise and traveling along caravan-routes
through the desert. At that time the spice trade between the Far East,
India, and the West was very important and it was conducted via the
desert routes. In the past Britain and the USA controlled every
important international strait and thoroughfares: Examples are Hong
Kong, Singapore, Gibraltar, Falklands, Panama, Philippines, The Suez
Canal, Malta, Heligoland, Cyprus, South Africa, etc. Everywhere where
there was a strategic point of international importance it was in every
case under official or at least de facto British or American control.
Even now many of these places are still controlled by the USA or
Britain. The USA has bases all over the world. The USA does not
always publicize the existence of these bases but they are known
about. The host countries to whom these bases technically belong
have only limited control over them. They cannot just tell the USA to
leave. In some cases the host countries are open enemies of the USA
and in others they are potential enemies. Even so, they have no real
say on a day-to-day basis concerning what the USA does or does not
do with these bases, and on them. The USA has the Wheeler Air Base
in Libya, it has a base in Cuba, it has bases in Japan, bases in islands
off Japan, in the Pacific Ocean, in the Indian Ocean, in every Sea and
in every Ocean, in Greenland, in Saudi Arabia, in the Persian Gulf, in
northern Iraq (i.e. Kurdistan); It has all kinds of facilities of strategic
importance all over the world. The host nations (as we said) in which
these bases are located are often America’s enemies but they still can
do little concerning what America does in these bases. They cannot
get America out though these bases potentially allow America access
to their vital points. In other words they allow America access. They
allow America, if necessary, to come in. They are gates. They are the
gate of your enemies that was promised to the Chosen People and
these promises have been fulfilled through Britain and America.
America and Britain are the only countries who have rights of this type
on such an international scale and they are the only nations where
these arrangements have become a natural integrated part of foreign
and military policy. In the past Britain ruled the waves and all the major
Sea-lanes and Sea passes were under Britain’s or the USA’s control.
Nowadays sea-movement is less important than it used to be.
Nevertheless, Space is important. The USA has control of Space. It
has Satellites and Missiles and a Space-orientated infrastructure that
allows it access by satellite to most places of the world, for the
purposes of attack or at least of surveillance. Through its satellites the
USA (if it so wishes) can take very-close-up photographs of all areas.
41
In some cases, not only can they see soldiers marching below but they
can even discern what signs-of-rank the soldiers filmed bear on their
shoulders. In other words the USA has gates - meaning avenues of
entry. It has means of access to all of its actual and potential enemies.
The possession of these gates (of option of entry into these areas)
does not guarantee victory in war but it is an advantage. Other
countries have got space-programs of their own but none of them so
far have achieved anything like the USA. Not that they are less gifted.
They lacked the resources and inclination at the right time. Even when
they become powerful, other nations rely on other means of influence,
defense, or coercion. The principle of possessing a gate or potential
point of access to a strategic position is not applied by other nations. It
is not part of their traditional Strategic Orientation, Military, or Foreign
Policy. Other nations had Empires and globe-encompassing policies.
Examples include the Ottoman Turks, Russia, Germany, France, etc.
These were all great and formidable powers. None of them applied the
principle of possessing gates on a large scale and first preference as
part of their overseas policy. This principle however is and always has
been an integral aspect of the very pattern of thinking in British and
American orientation. It was always that way. The blessing to possess
the gates of your enemies was pertinent to the British and Americans
and was not applicable to other nations. Stephen J. Spykerman in an
article (A Ruler of Nations) in the magazine Brit-Am Truth no.7 reports:
"Another telling example of the kinship between America, Great Britain
and her Commonwealth partners Canada, Australia and New Zealand,
is their joint involvement in ECHELON, the global spy satellite system.
ECHELON is a secret worldwide intelligence-gathering operation, and
it is the greatest surveillance network the world has ever seen. The US
National Security Agency (NSA), has created a global spy system,
code named ECHELON, which is able to intercept and analyse
virtually every phone call, fax, email and telex message sent anywhere
in the world. The interesting point is that the USA, in seeking allies for
this project, has not sought the assistance of nations such as France,
Germany or Japan, but has instead enlisted the aid of Great Britain,
Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Thus it seems as if almost by
instinct, the modern day descendants of Joseph, Ephraim and
Manasseh, in matters concerning their national security, are only
prepared to trust the members of their own family. We must not forget
that Canada, Australia and New Zealand share the Ephraim roots of
Great Britain, and that they too are the sons of Joseph. ECHELON is
controlled by the NSA and is operated in conjunction with the UK
Government Communications Head Quarters (GCHQ) in Cheltenham,
England, the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) of
Canada, the Australian Defence Security Directorate (DSD), and the
42
General Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) of New Zealand.
These national security organisations are bound together under a
secret agreement they entered into in 1948 in the aftermath of the
Second World War. Their signals intelligence has proved invaluable in
countering and eventually defeating the Soviet Union during the Cold
War. The current focus of the system is the War against Global
Terrorism, with the threat coming from fundamentalist Islamic terrorist
organisations and countries such as Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Sudan and Libya." More Sources: Adapted from Biblical
Truth by Yair Davidiy, chapter three: "In the past Britain controlled
nearly all the major international thoroughfares and strategic points. In
1890 strategic gates owned by Britain included Malta, Gibraltar, Aden,
Heligoland (off the German coast), the Cape of Good Hope (South
Africa), Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore, India, New Zealand, Canada.
To this list can be added numerous other strategic points that were
subsequently obtained. The USA followed the same strategy as
Britain. Major gates once owned by the USA include the Panama
Canal and the Philippine Islands and numerous island bases
throughout the world. Between Britain and the USA every single major
strategic international by-pass was at some time or other under their
control. Even now, the USA has numerous strategically located
overseas bases all over the world that it can employ to penetrate the
territory of potential enemies." An article in Counter Punch of February
2, 2002 by Zoltan Grossman (New US Military Bases: Side Effects or
Causes of War?) described the US practice of acquiring the gate of his
enemies: "Since the end of the Cold War a decade ago, the U.S. has
gone to war in Iraq, Somalia, Yugoslavia, and Afghanistan and since
1990, each large-scale U.S. intervention has left behind a string of new
U.S. military bases in a region where the U.S. had never before had a
foothold. The U.S. military is inserting itself into strategic areas of the
world, and anchoring U.S. geopolitical influence in these areas, at a
very critical time in history." This practice of acquiring the gates of
potential adversaries, of those which hate them (Iraq, Afganistan, Iran,
etc.), was always a fundamental pillar of American and British foreign
and military policy. It was and still is unique to them and they
succeeded in it. Britain and America received the blessings of the
prophecy to Israel. Their populations must comprise the Ten Tribes of
Israel.
34) 35) 36) Cush (India), Egypt, Chains in Slaves from Africa to be taken
overseas to homeland: Isaiah 44:28, 43:3, 45:14. These proofs are
listed together since they are recalled in the same passage in Isaiah
and historically connected (for a deeper explanation on Isaiah 45 see
43
80
the Brit-Am Commentary ). Egypt, Black Africa (Seba) and Cush
(translated as Ethiopia but also applicable according to the Aramaic
translation and related tradition to India) will be Israel’s, and they shall
be subjected to you. Egypt’s Sues Chanel is controlled by Israel. The
Ten Northern Tribes were exiled by the Assyrians. Later, the
Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar, conquered Judah and Jerusalem
and exiled the Jews to Babylon. Cyrus, the king of Persia, conquered
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Babylon and allowed the Jews of Judah to return. Isaiah mentioned
Cyrus by name even though he prophesied close to 200 years before
his time. The prophecies of Isaiah concerning Cyrus on the whole fit
the Persian king of that name though here and there they divert from
him on some important points. These prophecies also tend to go off on
a tangent, speak of Cyrus and then in the same breath speak about
the future of Israel. The Rabbis interpreted the prophecies about Cyrus
to pertain to a future Messianic Being of whom the Persian King Cyrus
was a kind of prototype, a typology. This interpretation fits the
message of Scripture. Isaiah begins by speaking about Cyrus and then
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he addresses himself to Israel. He predicts that whatever passes via
(Hebrew "yigia" translated as labour but also meaning "come unto,
arrive at") Egypt, and the merchandise of Cush ("Ethiopia" as
translated in the King James and not India in this case), shall be yours
and the tall Sabaean African Negroes will pass over unto you in
chains. In the end they will acknowledge that HaShem is with you.
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Isaiah predicted that Cush (India) and Seba, (Black Africa), would be
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subjected to Israel. Isaiah predicted that the Ten Tribes would rule
over India, Egypt and much of Negro Africa. The trade with India would
be theirs, the recompense arriving (via the Suez Canal) at Egypt would
be theirs, and they would transport Negroes, (many of whom were
large-bodied), across the seas in chains. The whole passage ends on
the point that in the last days they will return to worship the True God.
We identify the Ten Tribes headed by Britain, America and South
85
Africa as Israel. South Africa has been very active in slavery as well.
Also, if we consider Britain and North America as one Anglo-Saxon
entity then the Prophecy indicates that the Ten Tribes are amongst
them. The British ruled India and economically they gained very much
from trade with her. They ruled Egypt and controlled the Suez Canal
linking the Mediterranean Sea with the East. They also controlled
much of Africa. Negro Slaves in chains were sent by them, and others
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Brit-Am, Isaiah chapter 45: http://britam.org/isaiah/chap-forty-five.html
81
Isaiah 44:28.
82
Isiah 45:14.
83
Isaiah 43:3.
84
Isaiah 43:3 and 45:14 and the verses around them.
85
Wikipedia, Slaves in South Africa: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_South_Africa
44
acting on their behalf, across the Sea to North America and to the
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West Indies. Isaiah said that the exiles would be ingathered from the
east and west, north, and south, and from the ends of the earth. Only
the English-speaking nations have fulfilled these prophecies as they
were written. Only they received the Promises.
37) Ruled by Sons of David: Jer 33:22, 26. In the future, descendants of
King David and of the Levites will be exceedingly numerous (33:22).
The seed of Jacob will return and the seed of David will rule over them
(33:26). Jer 33:22 "As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither
the sand of the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my
servant [the servant in context refers to many people], and the
Levites that minister unto me." David was promised that the Rulership
over Israel (or at least part of it) would come from him. This is what we
wrote in our commentary in Jer 33:23-26: "Moreover the word of
HaShem came to Jeremiah, saying, considerest thou not what this
people have spoken, saying, the two families which the lord hath
chosen, he hath even cast them off? Thus they have despised my
people, that they should be no more a nation before them. Thus saith
HaShem; if my covenant be not with day and night, and if I have not
appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth; then will I cast away
the seed of Jacob [Ten Tribes] and David my servant [Judah and
Benjamin Tribes, again "servant" as many people], so that I will not
take any of his seed to be rulers over the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and
Jacob: for I will cause their captivity to return, and have mercy on
them." Literally speaking, the promises to David and to the Levites do
not necessarily mean that they will always have rulers and ministers
over the Houses of Israel. Rather, the Biblical promises may be
understood to state that descendants of David and Levi will always be
available to fulfill their ancestral functions whenever the Promised
Messianic Order shall be instituted or whenever the Children of Israel
are worthy. Even so, it may be that many of the Judah Rulers [as the
teachers and judges of Torah and also secular] over the exiled
Israelites and those who ministered to them in Britain, America, South
Africa and elsewhere, are (and were) descended from the Houses of
David and Levi. The verse could best be understood to say that
throughout the history of these peoples they would be ruled secularly
over by descendants of David, or at the least when it comes to Torah
teachings. This in effect is what has occurred as partially explained in
Brit-Am’s work "Ephraim: The House of David And The Lost Tribes"
concerning Jer 33;14-17 "...the days come that I will perform that good
thing which I have promised unto the house of Israel and to the house
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Isaiah 43:5-6.
45
of Judah. In those days... will I cause the branch of righteousness to
grow up into David; and he shall execute judgement and
righteousness in the land. ...David shall never want a man to sit upon
the throne of Israel." David had numerous sons. Solomon the son of
David had 300 wives and 700 concubines, and many children were
borne to him. Most of the kings of the House of David had several
children each of whom also would have raised a family of his own. It
follows that numerous offspring on the male side must have belonged
to the House of David. Descent through the male is what Scripture,
strictly speaking, requires in order for the descendants to call
themselves by the House of their (male) ancestor even though, in
Jewish Law, anyone born of a Jewish mother is considered Jewish.
The House of David reigned in Judah and quite a few families amongst
the present day Jews trace themselves back to David. The Jewish
Biblical Commentators Rashi and Abarbanel, the family of Dayan in
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Spain and Syria as well as the Maharal and many other famous
Rabbinical scholars were descended from King David. A good number
of Jews should be able today to trace themselves back to King
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David . Apart from descendants of David who are to be found
amongst the modern Jews there are others. Numerous people from
the Tribe of Judah were also exiled together with the Lost Ten Tribes.
The Sons of David had once been appointed as administrators over all
Israel (2 Sam 8:18). Later members of the House of David had
intermarried with leaders of the Northern Kingdom (Ten Tribes) and
passed over to live in those areas. In this and other ways descendants
of David must have penetrated the ranks of the exiled Israelites. An
Aramaic inscription mentions a "House of David" somehow in
connection with Dan in the Galilee. There was a Judaean entity known
as Yadi in southeast Turkey which was attached to Judah in the south,
"he recovered Damascus, and Hamath, which belonged to Judah, for
Israel" (2 Kings 14:28). The rulers of Yadi had Hebrew names like
Gabbar, Bamah, Hayya, Saul, and maybe represented a minor branch
of the House of David. Yadi disappeared together with the northern
Ten Tribed Kingdom of Israel. Part of the Ten Tribes became known
as the Sakae or Scythians. The Sacae-Scythians once had an
87
Judah Loew ben Bezalel, alt. Löw, Loewe, Löwe, or Levai, (between 1512 and 1526 – 17 September
1609) widely known to scholars of Judaism as the Maharal of Prague, or simply The MaHaRaL, the
Hebrew acronym of "Moreinu Ha-Rav Loew," ("Our Teacher, Rabbi Loew") was an important Talmudic
scholar, Jewish mystic, and philosopher who, for most of his life, served as a leading rabbi in the cities
of Mikulov in Moravia and Prague in Bohemia. Within the world of Torah and Talmudic scholarship, he
is known for his works on Jewish philosophy and Jewish mysticism and his work Gur Aryeh al HaTorah,
a supercommentary on Rashi's Torah commentary.
88
As David Ben Melekh (David Jirkvalidze) did of Georgia, one of the expert consultants of this
research.
46
independent kingdom named "Sakastan" in eastern Iran. The ruling
dynasty of Sakastan believed itself descended from King Solomon the
son of David. In Iberia (Georgia in the Caucasus and in the southern
Russia area), which also belonged to the Scythians there was also
a dynasty (related to the Arsacid Kings of Parthia) that traced itself
back to David. The ruling houses (of David) of the Sakae-Scythians in
Sakastan and Scythia were interrelated and had familial connections
with the monarchs of the Guti (Goths) and Parthians and they with
each other. From these monarchic and aristocratic lines came the
early kings of Scandinavia, of the Franks, and of the AngloSaxons.
Another source of the Davidic line may have penetrated West
European nobility via France! There was once a semi-autonomous
Principality in Narbonne (southern France) described by Arthur J.
Zuckerman in "A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, 768-900" (New
York, 1972). It was ruled by a Jewish Prince of the House of David
whose offspring intermarried with the aristocracy and Royal Line of
France and these with that of Normandy, Scotland, and England.
Amongst the Welsh, Scottish, English, and other groups in Europe
there were families who believed they descended from King David of
Judah. There is a strong tradition that Tea Tephi a princess of the
House of David came to Ireland, married a prince of the line of Nial
and from this union emerged the monarchs of Scotland and later of all
Britain. Genealogists believe that many Presidents of the USA belong
to British and Irish Royal lines. The astronomer Galileo’s father wrote a
book in 1581 in which he explained that the Irish attachment to the
harp was traced by the Irish to their descent from King David. It may
be that many of the Rulers over the exiled Israelites and those who
ministered to them in Britain, America, and elsewhere are (and were)
descended from the House of David. This is a proof since: a) The
literal application of Jer 33:26 is that amongst the rulers of Israel [Ten
Tribes] there would have to be at least some descendants of David. b)
We have reasonable proof that amongst some of the ruling bodies of
certain nations in the west there are descendants of David. c) If one
was searching for nations descended from Israel it would be
reasonable to look at those nations amongst whose ruling elites
89
descendants of David were present.
38) Headed by Kings: Gen 17:6, 16, 35:11. Nations and Kings would
emerge from Abraham: "And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I
will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee." Apart
from the USA, Finland. France, and Switzerland most nations that
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For more on this subject see, The Divine Promises to David: Were they Unconditional?:
http://www.britam.org/Kings/1Kings2.html#Divine
47
contain significant numbers of Israelites have a hereditary monarch at
their head: Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Denmark,
Sweden, Norway, Holland, Luxembourg all have hereditary kings or
queens over them. Gen 17:7 says that this covenant will endure
forever. There are several kings over several nations at one and the
same time! Sarah the wife of Abraham was blessed that she would
become a mother of nations and kings of peoples would come from
her (17:16, 21): This means the monarchs of several nations ruling at
one and the same time, such as the monarchs of Western European
countries do now. In Gen 17:15-16 with reference to "…mother of
nations; kings of people" we clearly see it refers to several nations.
The Hebrew says kings of peoples rather than "kings of people"
meaning that several kings over several peoples all existing at the
same time, and all Israelite. This ties in with what we said above about
monarchies among the Israelite nations today. Jacob was promised
that a nation and a company of nations and kings would come from
him, Gen 35:10-11 "And Elohim said unto him, thy name is Jacob: thy
name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name:
and he called his name Israel. And Elohim said unto him, I am Elohim
Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations
shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins." The Israelite
nations were to be ruled by kings. They were to comprise several
nations and kings would reign over at least a portion of these nations.
The only group of nations in the world that are related to each other
and do have monarchs reigning over most of them is that group of
Western Nations that Brit-Am identifies as comprising a significant
proportion of descendants of the Ten Tribes of Israel.
G. Ancestral Names in General Category
39) The name "Hebrew": Gen 14:13, 39:17, 40:15, 41:12, 43:32. Jonah
1:9. The Western "Celts" called themselves "Iberi" meaning
"Hebrews", why? Abraham was a Hebrew, Gen 14:13 "And there
came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; for he dwelt
in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of
Aner: and these were confederate with Abram." The Book of Jonah
relates how HaShem told Jonah to go to the major Assyrian city of
Nineveh and there prophesy that after 40 days it would be overturned.
This meant according to the understanding of Jonah that Nineveh
would be destroyed. Jonah did not want to go on this mission and
attempted to flee to Tarshish in Spain. A storm arose at sea and the
sailors of his ship realized that a supernatural power was causing it.
They threw lots and the result fell on Jonah. Jonah told the seamen to
cast him overboard: Jonah 1:9 "And he said unto them, I am an
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Hebrew; and I fear Adonai, the Elohim of heaven, which hath made the
sea and the dry land." Here we have the name Hebrew connected with
worship of the Elohim of Israel as if the two were mutually relevant to
each other. Jonah was a Hebrew going to Tarshish in Spain. Israelites
from the Ten Tribes were later exiled to Spain. They were known as
Iberi, or as Hiberi i.e. as Hebrews. From Spain the Hiberi (Hebrews)
moved onwards into Gaul and the British Isles, including Ireland and
Scotland. The Celtic inhabitants of Britain were all referred to as Iberi,
or Hiberi, or Iberni (meaning Hebrews) by themselves and by others
(such as Ptolemy) and the name Iberi (i.e. Hebrew) very frequently
occurs in ethnic and place-names of the Western Celtic peoples.
Hibernian still means Irish. The Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)
was named after the Iberi Hebrews who once dwelt there but later left
moving to Gaul and Britain. The crew in Jonah's ship made another
futile attempt to continue against the storm after which they reluctantly
threw Jonah into the sea. A fish (whale or other sea-creature)
swallowed Jonah and after three days spewed him out onto the shore.
He went to Nineveh and prophesied. The people of Nineveh (Ten
Tribers) did penitence and were forgiven and no disaster occurred (at
that time) to the city. Incidentally the peoples who later came westward
from Scythia and Germania and who were also Israelites, were
referred to by the Romans as Barbari. This term is generally taken to
be a negative expression meaning that they were barbarians and
uncivilized in Roman eyes. Nevertheless the term according to some
originally had ethnic connotations. The Hebrews in the Ancient Middle
East (according to the Encyclopedia Judaica) were known as Iberi and
as Barbari. The word "Hebrew" in Hebrew is "Ivri" or "ibri" from the root
"aver, aber" connoting "other side". This is where the English words
"over" and "other" come from. "Hebrew" connotes someone who
moves around, from one place to another, i.e. "a Wanderer". The
Ancient "Celts" of Britain, Ireland, Scotland and Western Europe called
themselves Iberi meaning "Hebrew". The Khazars were part of the Ten
Lost Tribes. The name "Khazar" is conventionally considered to derive
from a root meaning "wander". The same applies for the name "Scot"
as in Scottish and Scotland. This is the meaning of "Khazar", "Scot",
and maybe "Alban" or "Albanach". Here is a quotation from Search for
Ancestors: "The word "Khazar" is a Turkish word derived from the root
of kaz with the meaning of gez (wander). The term of khazar means
gezer (wanderer) and it coincides with the meaning of a nomad who
freely wanders around without any connection to one place in the
Anatolian Turkish. Probably, this word must have taken its final shape
through an etymological transformation in the forms of gezer, gazar,
kazar and hazar. The word Khazar is used as el-Hazar in Arabian
language, Huzari, Kozar in Hebrew language, Gazari, Chazari in Latin
49
language, Hazari in Georgian language, Huszar in Hungarian
90
language and Ko-sa, ka-sat in Chinese language." The name Khazar
is therefore understood to connote "wanderer". This is also the
meaning of "Hebrew" and one of the given meanings of "Scot" as in
"Scotland". Another source quote: "A native of Scotland. Nennius uses
both Scyth and Scotti indifferently. Strabo considers Scyth and
Nomades synonymous terms. The original word in Ossian is Scuta,
which literally signifies 'restless wanderer,' hence the propriety of the
91
name Scuite or Scot" and "The name "Scot" comes from an old
92
Celtic word meaning wanderer or vagrant" and ""Scoti means
"wanderers". The latter says that "Albanach" (Picts) also connotes
"wandering". The Picts dwelt mainly in the Northeast of Scotland.
Traditionally they descended from the Agathyrsi and came from
Scythia. Agathyrsi was one of the earlier names of the Khazars. The
Picts either came from the Agathyrsi (Khazars) or an important
93
element amongst them did." Why is the term "Hebrew" especially
pertinent to descendants of Joseph? For that we need to start with the
names of Isaac, Jacob, and Israel in Western Traditions…The Lost
Ten Tribes were destined to be known by the names of the forefathers,
Abraham the Hebrew, Isaac, and Jacob. Concerning Abraham who
was known as "the Hebrew" we find the Western Celts also being
known as "Hiberi" or Hebrews, see the source referred to above. Isaac
was considered the ancestor of the Scottish, Welsh, and English
according to separate traditions. The name Jacob is repeated in the
Union Jack, the flag of Britain and actually means Union/Brit of
Jacob/Israel. The term USA "Yank/Yankee" which is a Hebrew
alternative for Jack i.e. Jacob. Concerning Isaac, Gen 21:12 says "And
HaShem said unto Abraham, let it not be grievous in thy sight because
of the lad, and because of thy bondwoman; in all that Sarah hath said
unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be
called." Ephraim and Manasseh were destined to become a multitude
in the midst of the earth and the name of Jacob be called upon them
and the name of his fathers Abraham and Isaac (Gen 48:16). This
means primarily that the essence of the forefathers would be
expressed through the sons of Joseph. It has a secondary meaning
that the very names would recall the forefathers. As said, Abraham
was known as the Hebrew (Gen 14:13) and the early inhabitants of
90
Search for Ancestors, Scott Surname Origin:
http://www.searchforancestors.com/surnames/origin/s/scott.php
91
Arthur, William, M.A, An Etymological Dictionary of Family and Christian Names With an Essay on
their Derivation and Import; New York, NY: Sheldon, Blake, Bleeker & CO., 1857.
92
Robert Craig Maclagan, Scottish Myths (1882): Publisher, Kessinger Publishing, 2003, ISBN
0766145239, 9780766145238.
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Brit-Am, Hebrew Celtic Namesakes no.6: http://www.britam.org/namesakes.html
50
Britain called themselves and were termed by others Iberi meaning
Hebrews. Names given to the Scythians (Isaac-Gulu, Ishkuza, Zohak,
Saca, Sak, Saksin, Saxon) and to the Saxons who settled in England
were derived from the name Isaac. In The Four Ancient Books of
Wales William Skene says about the "'Isacon' (Isaac) Ancestor of the
Scots" under "The Races of Britain and The Place of The Picts Among
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Them" : "In the Albanic Duan, which seems to have belonged to
some collection of additions to Nennius, and which contains the oldest
record of the ethnological traditions of Scotland, the brothers Brittus
and Albanus appear as the eponymi of the two Celtic races inhabiting
respectively Britain and Alban, or Scotland." (p.99) and the poem
follows "O, all ye learned of Alban, Ye well-skilled host of yellow hair,
What was the first invasion? Is it known to you? Which took the land of
Alban? Albanus possessed it; numerous his hosts. He was the
illustrious son of Isacon. He and Briutus were brothers without deceit.
From him Alban of ships has its name. Briutus banished his active
brother. Across the stormy sea of Icht. Briutus possessed the noble
Alban. As far as the conspicuous promontory of Fothudain." (p.100).
Note: The father of the brothers is named "Isacon" cf. "Isaac". Similar
appellations are found in some of the earliest genealogies of the
Welsh and English. As mentioned, the name Jacob is recalled in the
Union Jack of Britain meaning the Uniting of Jacob and in the
nickname "Yanki/Yankee", which is short for Jacob. The Ten Tribes in
the End Times are referred to in connection with the raising up the
Tribes of Jacob (Isaiah 49:6), The UNION JACK and the nickname
YANKEE for North American derives from a form of the name Jacob.
This etymology is explained by I. E. Mozeson ("The Word", p.20 entry:
"ANKLE") and holds true regardless as to whether the name was
derived from the Dutch Janke, a Red Indian name for "English", or
from the name of a Red Indian Tribe. Whatever its origin, "YANK" is an
acceptable shortening of the Hebrew Jacob!! This name was given to
citizens of the USA and the name in Hebrew means Jacob. Jacob was
also known as Israel (Gen 32:28, 35:10). Israel is Yisra-el. The name
Isru is derived from Israel. Isru was also considered one of the
ancestors of the Irish and Scottish according to their own traditions.
The monarchs and leaders (such as Cromwell) of England throughout
history referred to their people as Israel. It matters not whether they
considered this term to be applicable for spiritual reasons rather than
physical ones they nevertheless did apply the term to their people. The
same may be said concerning the early Puritan settlers of America. All
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William F. Skene [1868], The Four Ancient Books of Wales: http://www.sacred-
texts.com/neu/celt/fab/index.htm
51
these mentioned above are connected to the ancestors of the
Hebrews.
40) Isaac: Gen 21:12, 48:16. Discussed already in point 39.
41) Jacob: Isaiah 49:6. Discussed already in point 39.
42) Israel: "Isru" traditional ancestor of the Irish and Scottish. Discussed
already in point 39.
43) John Bull: Deut 33:17, Jer 31:18. The isles should be aware that God
95
will gather in the scattered ones of Israel. Rachel (the mother of
Joseph) will no longer have to weep over the exile of her children for
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they will return. Ephraim is called a bullock or young bull, Jer 31:18 "I
have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus; thou hast
chastised me, and I was chastised, as a bullock [Hebrew: aegel]
unaccustomed to the yoke: turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for
thou art the Adonai my Elohim." In Hebrew the word translated as
"bullock" is "aegel". Historically this very name "Aegel" was a
diminutive (favourite nickname) for the ethnic term "Angle". The Angles
gave England (i.e. Angle-land) its name. Together with the Saxons,
Jutes, Vandals, and others the Angles conquered from the Celts the
land that was later named "England". The Angles were also called
Aegels. The appellations Angle and Aegel were employed
97
interchangeably. The Hebrew word for young bull is "Aegel". Rashi
was the foremost Medieval Jewish Commentator. In commentating on
this verse (Jeremiah 31:18) Rashi states that the Hebrew word "Aegel"
(Young Bull) was a name applied to Ephraim. As we saw, this was
also another name applied to the English. The English now nickname
themselves "John Bull". Since the early 1800s the figure of John Bull
has been used to portray Britain in political cartoons. John Bull
parallels Uncle Sam who represents the USA. As said the names
Aegel and Angle appear to have been interchangeable. In Hebrew
they could be two alternative ways of pronouncing the same word. For
example, in old Ashkenazic (European) Hebrew the "ayin"-letter could
have an "an" sound instead of the usual "a", thus Yankel was a
nickname for someone called Yakov, with the Ya- in Yacov being
pronounced as "Yan". Similarly Aegel and Angel could originally have
both been different forms of the Hebrew word "Aegel". England (Angle-
land) was named after the Angles. Angle is another form for Aegel and
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Jer 31:10.
96
Jer 31:15-16.
97
Rabbi Shlomo Yistchaki 1040-1105 CE.
52
aegel was a nick-name for Ephraim. Aegel means young bull. This is
98
an important point: The verse is therefore strongly indicating that the
English (Angles) are to be identified with Ephraim. Concerning Joseph,
Moses commented in Deut 33:17: "his glory is like the firstling of his
bull".
44) - 114). Tribal and Clan Names: There are seventy Tribal and Clan
Names many of which are still in use. Each Name deserves to be
registered as proof in its own right as described and illustrated in
Davidiy’s renowned work "The Tribes" . Seventy souls went down to
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100
Egypt with Jacob and his family . These include the family of Joseph.
These names are repeated with some variations in the Book of
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Numbers. References in the Bible and archaeological inscriptions
indicate that these names were given to clans within the individual
Tribes. Other names are found in the Bible that also became clan
names. Most (but not all), of the original seventy names can be traced
to groups of people in the west amongst nations that we identify as
descended from the Ten Tribes. Brit-Am has also traced other Biblical
clan names that were not in the original seventy amongst these
peoples. The total number of names that we have accounted for
numbers around seventy or more. Hebrew Tribes and Clans that bore
certain names, marched together in certain formations and had certain
peculiar characteristics, have been traced bearing similar or identical
names, traveling in the same configurations, and with the same Tribal
characteristics. Taking this phenomenon into consideration, together
with Biblical and other evidence showing the people in question to be
descended from the Lost Tribes, we can consider these names to
comprise an additional body of evidence in its own right of great value.
We briefly explained these names here: A) The Tribe of Gad: Gad is
a name for Goth. The Hebrew term "Gad" can be pronounced in some
modern Hebrew dialects as "Goth". Gudos was also a name for the
Goths. Getae were a Gothic group in the Balkans and Scandinavia or
the name is just another form of Goth. Guti was a name for the Goths
both in Scandinavia and east of the Caspian though some modern
historians incorrectly transliterate the name (from Chinese characters)
as "Yueh-chi". Guthones = Goths on Baltic coast. Gautoi in
Scandinavia. Gadrosia in Iran. Gad was a name for the Goths and an
identifying root in Gothic toponomy. Pasargadoi meant Sons of Gad in
ancient Iran. Thatagydes in ancient Afghanistan: "Thata-" represented
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Jer 31:18.
99
Yair Davidiy, "The Tribes. The Israelite Origins Of Western Peoples": Published by Russell-Davis
Publishing, Jerusalem, Israel: http://britam.org/the-Tribes.html
100
Gen 46:8 -27.
101
Num 26:4-50.
53
the Teutons and "Gydes" the Goths. Gadeni in Scotland. Gaedhal in
ancient Scotland and Ireland. Geddingas were an Anglo-Saxon
associated sub-tribe. Clans of Gad: Ziphion Thaifalli (Gothic allies
from Scythia migrated to France), Haggi (Chaggi), Chauci (Franks
also known as "Hugo", and as "Hocing"), Yngling (Sweden), Cauci
(Ireland), Hugeonots of France named after a legendary Hugo
identifiable as Haggi of Gad, Shuni (Suni) Suiones (Sweden), Etsbon
Bastarnae (Gothic Galatian group moved to France), Astings, Hastings
(Vandal group invaded England and Scotland), Ozni Osnabruch
(Frankish Germany), Eri (Geri) Grani (Sweden), Greotingi (Goths,
Sweden), Arodi (Ha-Arodi) Harudi (Norway), Hreadgoths
(Scandinavia), Areli (Ha-Eruli) Eruli (Herules) -associated with Goths,
(Sweden), Guni Chouni (Huns), see Guni of Naphtali (Egan -Denmark,
Gugerni- Holland). Possible meaning of the names: Gad - Good
Fortune, A Troop of Soldiers. Ziphion - The Northerner, the secretive
modest one. Haggi - The Rejoicer. Suni - The Beautiful Handsome
One. Etsbon - Creator, The Sensitive One. Ozni – Attentive. Well -
Balanced. Eri – Alert. Arodi - A Wild Donkey, A Powerful Serpent. Areli
- The Lion. Guni - The Protector and Protected. Gad dominated
Sweden but also had offshoots all over Europe especially in France,
maybe Spain, Holland, and elsewhere. B) The Tribe of Naphtali:
"And the sons of Naphtali; Jahzeel, and Guni, and Jezer, and
102
Shilem" . "The river which since the end of World War-II marks the
border between Norway and Russia is called Granse Jakobs Elv which
means Jacob's Border River" Orjan Svennson. Peoples of Naphtali:
Naphtalite - Huns (= Thyssagetae of east Scythia = Sian Yueh-chi i.e.
Little Goths) migrated to Norway Thule (Norway). Clans of Nephtali:
Jahzeel = Zeeland (Holland), Zealand (Denmark), Yssel
(Scandinavia). Guni = Egan (Norway), Gugerni (Holland), Chouni
(Huni, Huns of Scandinavia, etc.). Jezer = Jassar (Alans), Vraesi
(Denmark, emigrated en-masse to Britain). Shillem = Sillingae
(amongst the Vandals, Holland, and Scandinavia). C) The Tribe of
103
Dan: "And the sons of Dan; Hushim" . "These are the sons of Dan
after their families: of Shuham, the family of the Shuhami. These are
104
the families of Dan after their families" . Peoples of Dan: Dan = Don,
Danaster, Danaper, Danube (all rivers associated with the Scyths).
Danuna: One of the Sea-Peoples, from Cilicia (south-east Turkey),
they moved with the Jutes to Denmark. Dangalai (Iran), apparently
moved to Scythia. Danava (a Scythian Tribe), Dana (from Lebanon-
Israel to Ireland, Tuatha de Danaan). Don (Wales). Damnones
102
Gen 46: 24.
103
Gen 46:23.
104
Num 26:42.
54
(Scythia, Scotland, south-west Britain, also known as "Dannonia").
Dani (Danes of Denmark). Shucham (Suham) = Suehan (Sweden),
Suoumi (Finland, also associated with Simeon). Husham (Hussem) =
Hesse (Franks in Germany). D) The Tribe of Judah: The
righteousness of Judah to be acknowledged by the other Tribes! When
the Patriarch Israel was dying he blessed all of his sons. Concerning
Judah he said: "Judah you are he whom thy brethren shall
acknowledge the righteousness of: your hand shall be in the neck of
your enemies; your father's children shall bow down to you" (Gen
49:8). The words "shall acknowledge the righteousness of" in Hebrew
are "Yoducha" and are translated in the KJV as "shall praise" but in
this case our translation is the more literal one. The Hebrew
expression "Yoducha" even connotes "own up" or "acknowledge the
righteousness of after a disagreement"! The brothers of Judah will
acknowledge his righteousness! "The sons of Judah; Er and Onan,
and Shelah... And Tamar his daughter-in-law bare him Pharez and
Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five. The sons of Pharez; Hezron,
and Hamul. And the sons of Zerah; Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and
Calcol, and Dara: five of them in all." (1 Chron 2:3-6). "And afterwards
Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom
he married when he was threescore years old; and she bare him
Segub. And Segub begat Jair, who had three and twenty cities in the
land of Gilead" (1 Chron 2:21-22). "And the sons of Judah; Er, and
Onan, and Shelah, and Pharez, and Zarah: but Er and Onan died in
the land of Canaan. And the sons of Pharez were Hezron and Hamul"
(Gen 46:12). Offshoots of Judah: Most of Judah became dominant
amongst the Jewish people but elements of Judah were also taken
away by the Assyrians or in other ways became attached to the Ten
Tribes. Even so, in Biblical terms "Judah" refers to the Jewish people
and other sections of Judah that were lost are subsumed together with
the "Ten Tribes" of "Israel". Judah names: Yadi (Cilicia in northwest
Syria), apparently became the Jutes of Denmark and southern
England. Yeda (in Scythia amongst the Nephtalite Huns). Lutae
(Bactria). Jutes (Denmark). Juthingi (Switzerland and Alsace). Jews (of
Israel and of Diaspora known in general today), Clans of Judah
("Yehudah"): Zarah = Zaratae (Scythia). Hesron = Chassuari (Franks).
Hamul = Hamlyn (Frankish Germany), Haemele (Anglo-Saxon group).
Paretz (Pharetz) = Frisi (Friesland in north Holland, and in Anglo-
Saxon Britain), Parissi (Parissi of Gaul, Parissi of Celtic Britain in York
area, Parsi (Parthians in Iran), Phiresi in Scandinavia [Paretz of Judah
and Paresh of Menasseh intermixed and so the same identifications
may hold for both groups]. Shayloni = Sali (Franks). Carmi = See
Carmi of Reuben (Carmania, Crimea, Carini). Eitan = Eytan (an Irish
ancestor in Irish Mythology). Calcol = Calcol (an Irish ancestor
55
according to Camden). Calubi (Chalubi) = Chalybes of Scythian
Caucasus and Calybes of Celtic Spain -both famed metallurgists.
Darda = Ancestor of groups amongst Scandinavian Royalty. Yair (Jair)
105
= Iari of early Middle East and later Iari of Ireland and Scotland. E)
Tribe of Simeon: "And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and
Ohad and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish
woman" (Gen 46:10). "The sons of Simeon after their families: of
Nemuel, the family of the Nemueli: of Jamin, the family of the Jamini:
of Jachin the family of the Jachini. Of Zerah, the family of Zarhi: of
Shaul, the family of the Shauli" (Num 26:12-13). Simeon assimilated in
part amongst Judah - "And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come
up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I
likewise will go up with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went up with him"
(Judges 1:3). "And the second lot came forth to Simeon, for the tribe of
the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance
was within the inheritance of the children of Judah" (Joshua 19:1).
Peoples of Simeon: Shimeon (Simeon). Samnitae (Scythia). Semnoni
(Germany, included the Angle-group prior to their invasion of Britain,
see the coming issue of our magazine Brit-Am Truthissue no.8 for an
interesting article concerning Biblical-like practices amongst these
people when they were still pagans in Northern Europe. Simuen -
Ireland. Simeni - Wales. Semoni - East Celtic Britain. Samnites -
Brittany Gaul in present-day France. Clans of Simeon: Nemuel =
Nemetae (Gaul), Nemnetes? (Gaul). Ohad = Headobards (Lombards
migrated from Scandinavia to North Italy). Yamin = Yom (Viking
group), Ymbrin in Sweden. Ambri moved to Scandinavia and Belgium.
Yacin = Euci (Anglo-Saxon Germany), Eucae (Scythia east of Caspian
Sea), Euchatae (Scythia), Iceni (Celtic Britain in "Semoni" region:
"Iceni" = approximates to the Phoenician-Hebrew rendition of Yacin).
Hecani (Anglo-Saxon group). Zerah (Zohar) = Suiar (Holland). Zarchi =
Zaratae (Scythia). Shaul = Silures (Wales). F) Tribe of Benjamin:
Most of Benjamin went with Judah and are to be found amongst the
Jews, possibly especially in the East European section of Ashkenazi
(European) Jews. Nevertheless, a segment of Benjamin also was
attached to the Ten Tribes. The clans of Benjamin: Archaeological
finds from Mari on the central Euphrates report the existence of a
group of Benjaminites together with elements of Reuben in the region.
This shows that already in Biblical times a segment of Benjamin had
broken away and gone northward. The association with Reuben was
to be a recurring feature of Benjaminites in exile. Belah (Bela-g-h) =
Belagae (in Gaul, Ireland, and Britain). Becher = see Becher of
Ephraim, similarity of name often presaged future combination.
105
See the book Lost Israelite Identity (1996) by Yair Davidy for more details.
56
Ashbel. Gera. Ashbel and Gera are similar to tribal names found in
ancient Northern Germany and Scandinavia but the association is not
certain. Naaman = Nemetae (north of Gaul), Namnete (in Brittania -
Normandia possibly also from Nemuel of Simeon). Ehi (Ahi). Rosh =
Rus (Vikings in Russia), Ross (Scots Highlands). Muppim = Menapi (in
Ireland, Celtic Britain, and Belgium, and in Bactria east of the
Caspian). Huppim = Heath (in Anglo-Saxon England). Ard = Ardueni
(in Belgium). G) Tribe of Issachar: "Of the sons Issachar after their
families; of Tola, the family of the Tolai: of Pua, the family of the Puni:
Of Jashub, the family of the Jashubi: of Shimron, the family of the
Shimroni: These are the families of the Issachar according to those
that were numbered of them, threescore and four thousand and three
hundred" (Num 26:23-25). "And the sons of Issachar; Tola, and
Phuvah, and Job, and Shimron" (Gen 46:13). The family tree of
Issachar: Issachar = Assakar (Sagartoi - in Iran and Scythia),
Sagaruce (Scythia), Sacaraukae (Scythia), Scirri (Galatians), Skirri
(Gothic group). Serica (East of Scythia). Tola = Tollund (Denmark).
Puvah (i.e. Puni) = Fenni (Ireland). Vannones (Switzerland), Peones
(Swiss), Finni (Finland). Job = Abii -Scythae (east Scythia), Abiis
Maurunganie (Saxon group), Ubii (Holland). Jashub = Suebi
(Switzerland). Shimroni = Asmirae (Scythia). Yahmi (Yachmi) = Kym
(Finland). Yivsam (Jibsom) = Uusima (Finland). Michael = Mikeli
(Finland). H) The Family Tree of Ephraim: Ephraim the "Aegel" (Jer
31;18) = Aegloi, Aggiloi, Angli (all names of Angles), Augali (north of
106
Bactria.), Aegloi (Bactria). Clans of Ephraim : Shutelach = Sittones
(Scandinavia), Sceald (Ancestor of the Anglo Saxons), Skioldings
(Denmark). Eran = Eirne (Ireland, Scotland), Irin (Ireland Arran,
Mannae in Caucasus), Arri*, Hirri (Germany-Goths), Granni
(Sweden), Garinae (east Scythia). Becher = Bukhara (Bactria-
Chorasmia), Boroctuari (invaders of Britain), Bogari (descendants of
Ing of the Anglo-Saxons). Tahan-Tahat (another name for Tahan?) =
Teuton (Scandinavia), Teutarus (Scythian Representanive), Tencteri
(Frankish groups). Tehuni (name for Scythians in east), Thatagydes
(combination of Thata-Teutons and Gydes-Goths in Afghanistan and
Sogdiana). Bered = Boradi (Gothic group), Bardi (Sweden), Bordigali
(Bordeaux - city of southwest Gaul). Beriah = Portions of the Brigantae
(Britain and Celtic Europe), Burgundians (France), Varangians
(Vikings and Khazars), Warings (amongst Anglo-Saxons). Zebed =
Cobad (Denmark). I) The family tree of Manasseh: Joseph = Yasubi,
Yasubgalli (Zagros Mountains, east of Mesopotamia), Aspioi
(Afghanistan), Ysufzi (Tribe of Joseph Afghanistan), Aspacarae (east
106
Sources: Genesis ch.46 and Numbers 26 together with additional names from the Book of
Chronicles which in some cases could represent the same entities under different appellations.
57
of Caspian) Aspassi (Chorasmia, east of Caspian Sea), Usipetes (from
Germany invaded Gaul at time of Caesar), Swaefi-Suabi from
Germany to Holland and Switzerland), Suebi (equal Suabi), recalled by
the same name in east Scythia. Menasseh = Mannus (legendary
ancestor of tribes in Germany who moved to Gaul and Britain), Clans
of Menasseh: Machir = Maracanda, Maruka, Amyrgioi (all east of
Caspian Sea), Makran (southern Iran), Skati Marika (name given to
Mercians, means "Scyths-from-Maruka" east of the Caspian Sea),
Mercia known on the continent as "Myringas", important element
amongst Goths and Anglo-Saxons. Marcomanni in Germany. The
name of "Machir" son of Menasseh became (after a simple letter
permutation) the name "America" which therefore may be understood
as meaning "Land of Machir". Gilead = Galatae (in Gaul), Galadi
(name of Galatae), Giladon (in Wales), Caledonians (in Scotland).
Helek = Heleucones (Germany to Britain), Calucones, (Germany to the
west). Asriel = Isari (Emodian mountains in Scythia, legendary place of
sojourn of the Angles, Saxons, and Frisians), Aorsi (from west Scythia
to Scandinavia), Surrey (Saxon England). Schechem (Secem) =
Scymbi (east Scythia), Sigambri-Sicambri (Afghanistan, Bactria, from
Germany to Gaul). Shemida = Soumboi Aggiloi (branch of Angles),
Soumboi-Laggobardi (branch of Lombards), Samides (legendary
ancestor of Gauls), Saemdag (Scandinavian Ancestral hero). Hepher
= Hefr (nickname for Gothic warrior). Haeferingas (Middle Saxons in
England). Jeezer (in Hebrew is pronounced like) Aiezer (Ai-g-azar) =
Agathyrsi (became Khazars who converted to Judaism and Picts of
Scotland). Daughters of Zelophahad: Tirtsah (Thirtsah) = Thyrsagettae
(name for Thysagettae of Scythia, migrated to Scandinavia). Milcah =
Melicertii in Scythian Caucasus - Basiloi (Royal = MLC root in name
Milcah) of Khazars, Scandinavia, and Royal Scyths. Hoglah. Noah =
Neuri of Scythia to Scandinavia, Nervi of Celtic Gaul. Mahlah.
Additional Clan Names of Menasseh based on the Book of Chronicles:
Sheresh (Seres) = Seres in Serica (East Scythia). Peresh (Peres) =
Parissi (of Gaul and Britain), Frissi (of Holland and England), Phiressi
(Scandinavia), Parsi (Parthians from east of the Caspian and in Iran).
The name "Peresh" means "separated, sanctified" (cf. Pharisee) which
is the same meaning as "Nemed" an ancestor in Irish mythology).
When pronounced with a slightly different intonation the name also
connotes horseman = Sus [sus means horse in Hebrew] = Suessions,
(Gaul), Sassi. There was a prince of the Tribe of Manasseh Gaddi the
son of Susi (Num 13:11). Epher = Heartho-Raemes (Scandinavia).
Jeremiah = Heartho-Raemes (Scandinavia), Raumar (Norway). Ishi =
Hossi (Scythia, may be part of Picts and Khazars). Azriel (Gazriel) =
Gazaria (name of "Khazaria"). Eliel = Hilleviones (Scandinavia),
Elvaones (Vandals, Anglo-Saxons). Hovadiah (pronouncable as
58
Howadiah) = Eadwine (amongst Mercians of England and Lombards).
Mercia in Anglo-Saxon England comprised the largest realm. Mercia
derives from Machir. Mercian clans in England included Magonsaete,
Nox, Oht gaga, Henrica, Unecinga, Hwicce, Gifel, Spale, and
107
Grywe . The Magonsaete have a name that in Hebrew could mean
108
armor-bearers (Magon-Saeti). Other clans of Machir included Likhi
and Aniam (= Unecinga of Mercia), Shupim = Spale of Mercia, Chupim
= Gifel of Mercia. J) The Tribe of Zebulon: "And the sons of Zebulon;
Sered, and Elon, and Jahleel" (Gen 46:14). Zebulon = Zabulistan
(Afghanistan in Scythian times), Sabalingoi (Denmark, Holland). Clans
of Zebulon: Sered = Suardinoi (Sweden), Suardone, Suarini (Holland).
Elon = Alan (Scyths, Khazar Jews), Aland (Sweden, Finland), Halin
(Norway), Halland (Sweden), Holland (Netherlands). Yahleel
(Yachlayl) = Chali (Denmark and Holland).
For detail explanations, historical facts and evidence as well as the
general background, see "The Tribes. The Israelite Origins of Western
109
Peoples".
H. National Characteristics Category
115) Nobility principle associated with Ephraim: Jer 31:20. The Names
"Ephraim" and "Ephrathite" (somebody from Ephraim) connote nobility
as remarked upon by the Sages, Jer 31:20 "Is Ephraim my dear son?
Is he a pleasant child? For since I spake against him, I do earnestly
remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will
surely have mercy upon him, saith HaShem." "Ephraim my dear son"
110
according to Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: "[the word Ephraim
means] someone who grew up in a palace [i.e. a noble]. Rabbi
Yehoshua ben Nachman said: [the word Ephraim means] a master
and governor. Said Rabbi Pinchas, our forefather Jacob when he
passed away crowned Ephraim with a crown and made him the head
of the tribes, the chief of the assembly, the most handsome and
exalted of my descendants will be called by his name." (Midrash
107
Thundy p. 105.
108
1 Chron 7:14-17.
109
Yair Davidiy: "The Tribes. The Israelite Origins of Western Peoples": published by Russell-Davis
Publishing, Jerusalem, Israel. http://britam.org/the-Tribes.html
110
Joshua ben Levi or Yehoshua ben Levi was an amora (Rabbi of the Talmud) who lived in the land of
Israel of the first half of the third century. He headed the school of Lydda in the southern Land of
Israel. He was an elder contemporary of Johanan bar Nappaha and Resh Lakish, who presided over the
school in Tiberias. (Genesis Rabbah 94.) With Johanan bar Nappaha, Joshua often engaged in homiletic
exegetical discussions (Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 116a; Megillah 27a; Shevuot 18b). It is uncertain
whether the name "ben Levi" meant the son of Levi, whom some identify with Levi ben Sisi, or a
descendant of the tribe of Levi.
59
YaYikra Rabah 2;3). This Midrash refers to the fact that the very name
Ephraim connotes nobility whereas Manasseh connotes representative
accountable democracy. Ephraim dominates Britain and Manasseh is
prevalent in the USA. Ephraim (nobility, the aristocratic principle of
government) still prevails in Britain whereas the democratic principle is
paramount in the USA.
116) Representative Democracy associated with Manasseh: Gen 41:51. As
said, the names "Ephraim" and "Ephrathi" (meaning someone from
Ephraim) in Hebrew connote nobility. This pertains to Britain. On the
other hand the name "Manasseh" embodies the concept of democratic
responsible representation as endorsed by the USA, Gen 41:51 "And
Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: for Elohim, said he,
hath made me forget all my toil, and all my father's house." The name
"Manasseh" in Hebrew encapsulates the meaning of North American
democracy! The Patriarch Joseph, son of Israel, had two sons,
Ephraim and Manasseh, whose names testified to aspects of their
national destiny: "And unto Joseph were born two sons before the
years of famine came, which Asenath the daughter of Potiphera priest
of on bare unto him. And Joseph called the name of the firstborn
Manasseh: for Elohim has caused me to forget [Hebrew: nashani] all
my troubles and my father's family" (Gen 41:50-51). Rabbi Hirsch
says: ""Forget" is not the only meaning of "Nosheh". "Nosheh" also
means: to be the bearer of a claim, to be a creditor. [Genesis 32;33]:
`"Nosheh" ...to have body or property in another's trust. Thus the
"NoSHeH" (Creditor) has passed to another person part of his
property, and as a result he demands something from him... a woman
in the singular [Hebrew: "Ishah"]... compliments (her husband) and
stands by his side as an equal. In the plural [i.e. in the plural name for
women, "NoSHim"], however, is revealed the communal status of
woman. The woman surrenders some of her rights to the man and
these rights are represented by him. Only in the mass, in the life of the
general whole group, do women reveal themselves as weak and
lacking resourcefulness. Women, however, are "Noshim" (i.e.
"creditors") with a claim [to be represented] on the husband who owes
it to them" [S.R. Hirsch on Genesis 32;33 (in free translation)].
Explanation: In Hebrew a man is "Ish" and a woman is "Ishah" i.e. the
feminine form of "ish" (man) is "ishah" i.e. "woman". The normal
feminine plural form is formed by adding the suffix "-oth" and so the
plural of "ishah" ("woman") should be "ishoth" but it is not so. Contrary
to the usual format, the plural form of "ishah" in Hebrew is "noshim"
which appears identical to the plural form of "nosheh" (meaning
"creditor") and therefore may be understood to mean "creditors" and
upon this anomaly Rabbi Hirsch based his interpretation. Rabbi Hirsch
60
was basing himself on the assumption of Hebrew Law in which women
were not counted in the aggregate as separate entities but as being
represented by their husbands. They were therefore in sense electors
of their husbands who represent them and are responsible to and for
them. Rabbi Hirsch finds this same principle repeated in the use made
of the name Manasseh which he says is derived from the same root-
word. The name "Manasseh" (Manasheh) in Hebrew is built up from
the word components "Ma-Nasheh". "Noshe" means to have a claim
on the responsibility of another, or have a claim for representation:
MaNasseh can mean "make a representative responsible for".
Manasseh as a noun or name can mean the principle of responsible
representation. It should be remarked that in Hebrew a word root can
connote both a direct action and its reversal. "Nasheh" can imply
putting something of one's own in the domain of someone else and
therefore having a claim on that person or alternately "nosheh"
connotes the claim others have on oneself. The form "Manasseh" is a
name indicating "nosheh" more in the affirmative active manner of
making responsible representation for oneself. "Manasseh" actually
means "responsible representation obligating the represented"! The
American War of Independence began over the principle of: 'No
Taxation Without Representation!', and the American system and life-
style and ethical system is built on this principle. Only the USA
attaches such significance to these principles since only for Manasseh
are they part of its very being. A related point is the name of "Machir"
who was the first-born son of Manasseh (Genesis 50:23). The Hebrew
"Machir" or "HaMachiri" (belonging to "Machir") gave rise to the
Latinized form of "Amerigo" from which came the term "America".
America was therefore in a roundabout-way named after Machir. In
Hebrew "Machir" connotes "selling, and price" and the principle of
Capitalism.
117) The name "America" from Machir firstborn of Manasseh. USA the
major capitalist nation and "Machir" denotes Principle of Sale. Machir
111
was the first-born son of Manasseh son of Joseph. Machir was the
112
forefather of the Gileadites. The Phoenicians are believed to have
visited America years before Columbus arrived. According to Barry
113
Fell the Phoenicians named it - "The Great North Country". The
111
Gen 50:23.
112
1 Chron 2:21.
113
Barry Fell was born in Lewes, Sussex, England, and was a grandson of the railway engineer and
inventor John Barraclough Fell. He moved with his mother to New Zealand in the early 1920s after his
father, who was a merchant seaman, died in a shipboard fire. He returned to the British Isles for
graduate work, receiving his Ph.D. at the University of Edinburgh in 1941. Fell then served with the
British Army during World War II. In 1946 he returned to New Zealand, where he resumed his
61
Hebrew prophets predicted that in the end time the Ten Tribes would
114
return from the "North Country". The prophets certainly were well
acquainted with the Phoenicians some of whom were in effect Israelite
Tribes. The Vikings later attempted to settle in North America and
115
named it "Markland" which is believed to mean "Land of Darkness" .
Even so, Maruk (a permutation of Machir) and Mark (in "Markland")
are not dissimilar. After the Vikings, the existence of America was
realised by people in Britain including fishermen from the port of
Bristol. Richard Ameryk, a Bristol merchant 1470s is now claimed to
perhaps have given America its name. Ameryk was of Welsh ancestry
and his family name originally was "Ap-Meryk", possibly denoting "Son
of Machir". The more commonly accepted explanation is that the name
"America" comes from that of the Explorer, Amerigo Vespucci (1451-
1512) also called "America" and (after 1507) "America" is said to have
been named in his honour. At all events, the name Amerigo or
116
"America" is similar to Medieval appellations ("Aimerico", etc.) for a
Jewish Prince of southern France whose proper Hebrew name (from
which the Latinised appellations were derived) was "Machir". The
name in Hebrew was also given as "HaMachiri". In Biblical Hebrew
117
"HaMachiri" literally denotes "The Sons of Machir" but it could also
connote "That which Comes of Machir" and in this case it was applied
as a nickname to Machir himself and then Latinised to sound
something like "America"! The Hebrew version is difficult for untrained
westerners to pronounce (or even remember) and so was rendered in
Early Medieval Latin as "Americo" or "Amerigo" and this name was
later given to Amerigo Vespucci who gave his name to the land of
America. It follows that the name America may well be understood to
mean "Land of Machir" (or "Land of the Sons of Machir"), son of
Manasseh. The very name "Manasseh" in Hebrew (according to the
Commentary of Rabbi Shimshon Raphael Hirsch) can mean delegated
academic career, and lectured in zoology at Victoria University of Wellington. A world authority on
fossil sea urchins, he was recruited by Harvard University in 1964, and emigrated to the United States
to join the staff of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard where he worked until retirement
in 1979. He died of heart failure in San Diego, California, aged 77, while discussing a new book with his
publisher.[1]He wrote the following books: America BC, Wallaby Books, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-671-
79079-X. Saga America, Times Books, ISBN 0-8129-6324-5 (paperback). Bronze Agae America, Ilttle,
Brown & Company (Canada) Limited, ISBN 0-316-27771-1 (hardcover).
114
Jer : . This Georgia’s geographi al area a d a also i lude a y ou try orth of Israel.
115
Whatmore, Arthur William. "Insulae Brittanica", Great Britain, 1913.
116
ZUCKERMAN, Arthur J. "A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, 768-900", New York, 1972. p. 375.
(Zuckerman notes that Machir (Ha-Machiri) was referred to as Al Makhiri, "AYMERI", "Maghario" (p.
180) or "Magharius", as "Aymeri", p.121 n.16., and as "Aimerico", and "Aimericus". Zuckerman p.131
n. 38. Zuckerman describes how Machir ("Aimericus") became a legend whose name was celebrated in
the ballads of Southern France and neighboring regions.)
117
Num 26:29.
62
responsible representation and this is a fundamental aspect of the
North American character. The USA was created when its early
settlers declared "no taxation without representation" and fought
against Britain for their Independence. America was named after
Machir. Brit-Am supporter Benyamin Turkia (of Finland, now living in
Jerusalem) pointed out that "Machir" in Hebrew can mean "Selling" or
even simply the Principle of Capitalism. The principles of Capitalism
and Free Enterprise have also become part of the American character.
Note: It should be noted that in Rabbinical commentaries on the Bible
and in Jewish tradition the meaning and origin of names is very
important and this principle is supported by the Bible itself. Great
emphasis is given to the meaning of names, e.g. the names of
Abraham, Sarah, and Israel.
118) Zebulon on the shores of the Sea: Gen 49:13. Isaiah speaks of sea-
goers, Isaiah 42:10 "Sing unto HaShem a new song, and his praise
from the end of the earth, ye that go down to the sea, and all that is
therein; the isles, and the inhabitants thereof". The Ten Tribes had to
be a sea-faring nation or include sea-farers as we have seen. We
shall also note the connection of the Ten Tribes with Tarshish and with
ships plying the Atlantic Ocean, and of Israelites being in "many
waters". In addition to the above we have the fact that specific Tribes
were also described as sea-goers. Dan was referred to as someone
who dwells in ships, Judges 5:17 "And why did Dan remain in ships?
Asher continued on the sea shore, and abode in his breaches". In the
Hebrew it says that Dan dwelt in ships. The point about Asher as
dwelling on the sea-shore and "in his breaches", Hebrew: "mifratsav",
may also be understood to say that Asher dwelt on his sailing boats. In
Davidiy’s book "Lost Israelite Identity" a whole chapter is dedicated to
the seafaring activities of the Ancient Israelites and several more
chapters that discuss aspects related to this kind of activity.
Concerning Zebulon it was prophesied, Gen 49:13 "Zebulun shall
dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships;
and his border shall be unto Zidon". Zebulon settled in the Netherlands
(Holland), see The Tribes. The expression translated above (from the
KJV) as "the haven of the sea" in Hebrew is "chof (pronounced as
"hof") yamim" meaning at the seashores or at the shore of the seas. A
third of Holland is below sea-level, another third is subject to periodic
sea-flooding, i.e. two thirds of the country needs protection (in the form
of dykes, dams, etc.) from sea-inundation, i.e. they are dwelling on the
shores of the sea. This is the only country in the world where this holds
true. In ancient times a people recorded by Ptolemy called Sabulingoi
dwelt in the region of Northern Holland-Frisia. "Sabulingoi" in Hebrew
means "People of Zebulon". Northern peoples at that time switched "s"
63
for "z". Other peoples who settled in the area bore names similar to
those of clans of Zebulon (Sered, Elon, Yahleel) recorded in the Bible.
Accepting the fact that Zebulon settled in Holland and that many of the
Dutch descend from Zebulon (dominantly in South African) entails
recognition of their kinfolk (such as the Angles) as being of similar
Israelite origin. There are ten prophetic clues concerning Zebulun to
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being Holland and her offshoot South Africa. It is interesting to note
that there is no direct history connecting the Tribe of Zebulun to the
Dutch people. Even the Caucasian population of the Netherlands
comes from various backgrounds. One can compare this to Jewry. The
Jewish people have known many proselytes, yet, there has been a
core of the Tribe of Judah (and some of Levi & Benjamin) over the
past 2500 years. The core passes on characteristics and genes to the
periphery. Looking at the prophetic clues one has to conclude that a
core of the Tribe of Zebulun once found its way to the Low Countries.
This core passed its characteristics and genes on to the influx of
others. The more fulfilled prophetic clues we find, the stronger our
case. What follows is not historic proof, but proof by revelation.
1st Clue: To Dwell – Dwelling: "And Leah conceived again, and bare
Jacob the sixth son. And Leah said, Elohim hath endued me with a
good dowry; now will my husband dwell with me, because I have born
him six sons: and she called his name Zebulun [=Dwelling] (Gen
30:19-20, KJV throughout, unless mentioned). The name Zebulun
means to dwell or dwelling and this gives a clue for the population of
the low countries. Home, homeliness, cosiness, intimate dwelling, it’s
all very important to the Dutch. The Dutch word "gezelligheid"
("geselligheid" in Afrikaans) is hard to translate into other languages,
cosiness comes close but does not justify it. The Netherlands is a
relative small country, densely populated, 16 million people, and yet
the biggest town, Amsterdam, has only 820,000 people (Rotterdam
620,000). The Netherlands has a village-like atmosphere compared to
other countries. Foreigners often regard Holland as one big garden.
There is no wilderness, no wild country. Everything is neat, clean,
systematic, well groomed, "gezellig", tidy, even the forests seem to be
tidy. Think of all the narrow houses along the canals of Dutch towns,
and the canal-boats. Interior design has been important in Holland
since the days of the Dutch Republic of the Seven United Provinces
(1585-1795). Just look at the pictures of Vermeer. South Africa is also
renowned for its "geselligheid" and similar lifestyle as Holland.
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Thank you very much to Bert Otten for this article concerning this remarkable truth about South
Africa which Brit-Am endorse: Zebulun – Holland. A STUDY OF TEN PROPHETIC CLUES by
http://www.britam.org/bert.html
64
2nd Clue: Dwellings "On-Sea": "Zebulun shall dwell at the shore of the
sea, and he shall be a shore for ships…" (Gen 49:13a, JPS). "Z’vulun
will live AT THE SEASHORE, with ships anchoring along his coast…"
(Gen 49:13a, CJB). The Hebrew word chof means a cove (as a
sheltered bay):—coast [of the sea], haven, shore, [sea-]side. The
Netherlands has only sandy beaches, from the islands in the north
(province of Friesland) to the islands in the south (province of
Zealand). The beaches are bordered by sand dunes, sometimes 50m
high and at some places 4km wide. Before the great land reclamations
started, half of the country was close to the sea. There is an
abundance of place names with "aan Zee" (on-Sea), zand (sand) and
duinen (dunes): Katwijk aan Zee, Noordwijk aan Zee, Bergen aan Zee,
Egmond aan Zee, Castricum aan Zee, Wijk aan Zee, Bloemendaal
aan Zee, Hagen aan Zee, Julianadorp aan Zee, Schoorl aan Zee,
Huisduinen, Loosduinen, Camperduin, Heemskerkerduin, Kijkduin,
Breezand, Cadzand-Bad, Gravenzande, Zandvoort. Half the country
is built on reclaimed land. If there were no dunes and no dykes, half
the country would be submerged. The vast majority of South Africa's
border consists of the ocean—or two oceans, which, according to the
International Hydrographic Organization, officially meet at Cape
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Agulhas, the most southern point of Africa.
3rd Clue: Zebulun, A Haven For Ships: "Zebulun shall dwell at the
haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships…" (Gen
49:13). There are different translations for "chof". It can be translated
either as beach or haven (port). This is quite logical when we see that
in the past the beach was often the port for vessels. Until the 19th
century Scheveningen had no harbour for its fishing vessels. The
fishing boats (flat-bottoms) were pulled up onto the beach with the help
of horses. Jacob’s prophecy concerning the Tribe of Zebulun in the
"end-time" (acharit ha-yamim, Gen 49:1) is about dwelling "on-Sea"
and being a port for the nations. This can only be fulfilled by Zebulun
as a lost Tribe, as Zebulun was a landlocked Tribe in Canaan. There
are many ports in the low-countries. Rotterdam was the biggest port of
the world for 50 years and still is the biggest port of Europe. Rotterdam
and surrounding harbours are called Europoort. It is the mouth of
Europe. Rotterdam has a turnover of 430 million tons a year (2010).
Rotterdam is the transport hub of Europe. South Africa is also
renowned for its eight busy ports, exporting, coal, iron, maize, fertilizer,
etc. etc. out to many countries. South Africa is also one of the major
maritime routes from ancient times, connecting the eastern and the
western worlds. Also, the SAECS (Southern Africa Europe Container
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Wikipedia: Geography of South Africa: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_South_Africa
65
Service) conference plays a vital role in managing freight rates and
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surcharges, as well as capacity on route.
4th Clue: Zebulun, A Travelling People: "And of Zebulun he said,
Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out; and, Issachar, in thy tents" (Deut
33:18). There is a special bond between Zebulun and Issachar. They
are even more often mentioned together than Ephraim and Manasseh.
In verse 19 the maritime blessing is extended to Issachar as well. In
verse 18 a difference is accentuated between the two Tribes. Zebulun
(provinces of Holland, Zealand, Utrecht) rejoice in your going out; and
Issachar (the population north of the line Haarlem-Bremen) rejoice in
thy tents. The tents refer to stables and have to do with husbandry. At
the time of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces (1581-1795)
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there were many Dutch explorers. Many parts of the East and West
Indies, Spitsbergen, Australia and New Zealand (Zealand is a Dutch
province) were discovered by the Dutch. The Dutch settled in New
Amsterdam (New York), Surinam, the West Indies, the Cape and the
Dutch Indies. Many Dutch place names can be found. The VOC,
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the Dutch East India Company,
had many ships built and organized many trips to the far east.
Zebulun, rejoice in thy going out. Wikipedia: "Statistically, the VOC
eclipsed all of its rivals in the Asia trade. Between 1602 and 1796 the
VOC sent almost a million Europeans to work in the Asia trade on
4,785 ships, and netted for their efforts more than 2.5 million tons of
Asian trade goods. By contrast, the rest of Europe combined sent only
882,412 people from 1500 to 1795, and the fleet of the English (later
British) East India Company, the VOC's nearest competitor, was a
distant second to its total traffic with 2,690 ships and a mere one-fifth
the tonnage of goods carried by the VOC. The VOC enjoyed huge
profits from its spice monopoly through most of the 17th century." The
travelling of the Dutch is also apparent in the inland navigation of
Europe. More than half of the 13,000 vessels are Dutch. The rest are
registered in Belgium, France and Germany. The VOC is the Dutch
East India Company, the WIC is the West India Company and there
was the Nordic Company of the whalers. The Dutch were the leading
nation in whaling for two centuries, Zebulun rejoice in thy going out.
The Netherlands is a transport land, a transit land. Rotterdam is the
hub of Europe, and Amsterdam is an important port too. Transport
from Rotterdam to the hinterland occurs not just by inland navigation,
but by rail and by trucks too. The Dutch like to travel, the NL
120
Int. J. Shipping and Transport Logistics, Shipping line dominance and freight rate practices on trade
routes: the case of the Far East-South Africa trade: Int. J. Shipping and Transport Logistics, Vol. 5, No. 2,
2013, p. 157.
121
For a list of Dutch explorers see:
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_Nederlandse_ontdekkingsreizigers
66
(Netherlands) on the number plates of trucks, coaches and tourist cars
can be found all over Europe. The Dutch are caravan lovers. The
boers of South-Africa are mainly of Dutch stock and they had their
"Great Trek" (1830-1850) from the Cape towards what later was to
become Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal, in an effort to
escape the influence of the English. In 1647, a Dutch vessel, the
Haarlem, was wrecked in the present-day Table Bay, South Africa.
After being rescued, the marooned crew recommended that a
permanent station be established in the bay. The VOC sailing the
spice route to the East, had no intention of colonizing the area, instead
wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships
could shelter, and where hungry sailors could stock up on fresh
supplies of meat, fruit, and vegetables. To this end, a small VOC
expedition under the command of Jan van Riebeeck reached Table
Bay on April 6, 1652. To grow fresh supplies they released a small
number of Dutch from their contracts and permitted them to establish
farms, with which they would supply the great VOC settlement from
their harvests. This arrangement proved highly successful, producing
abundant supplies of fruit, vegetables, wheat, and wine; they later
raised livestock. The small initial group of free burghers, as these
farmers were known, steadily increased and began to expand their
farms further north and east. The majority of burghers had Dutch
ancestry and many belonged to the Calvinist Reformed Church of the
Netherlands, but there were also numerous Germans as well as some
Scandinavians. In 1688 the Dutch and the Germans were joined by the
French Huguenots, many also Calvinists, who were fleeing religious
persecution under King Louis XIV. As the burghers continued to
expand into the rugged hinterlands of the north and east, many began
to take up a semi-nomadic pastoralist lifestyle. In addition to its herds,
a family might have a wagon, a tent, a Bible, and a few guns. As they
became more settled, they would build a mud-walled cottage,
frequently located, by choice, days of travel from the nearest
European. These were the first of the Trekboere (Wandering
Farmers, later shortened to Boers. "Wondering" is the Hebrew
language is the word "Hebrew"), completely independent of official
controls, extraordinarily self-sufficient, and isolated. Their harsh
lifestyle produced individualists who were well acquainted with the
land. Like many pioneers with Christian backgrounds, the burgers
122 123
attempted to live their lives based on teachings from the Bible.
Thus, Holland with the VOC was an integral part of South Africa’s
122
Wikipedia, History of South Africa (1652–1815):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1652%E2%80%931815)
123
Wikipedia, Maritime history of South Africa:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Maritime_history_of_South_Africa
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establishment and economy. And even today, South Africans love
travelling and caravan is an essential commodity of the average family.
Cycling tours in South Africa and the Netherlands are also very
popular.
5th Clue: Zebulun, Abundance of the Seas: "…for they [Zebulun and
Issachar, Holland (and her offspring South Africa) and Friesland] shall
suck of the abundance of the seas…" (Deut 33:19b). Moses includes
the blessing of Issachar into the blessing of Zebulun: "And of Zebulun
[Moses] said, Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out; and, Issachar, in thy
tents" (v. 18). There is a separate emphasis in verse 18, but verse 19
concerns both Tribes: "They shall call the people unto the mountain;
there they shall offer sacrifices of righteousness: for they shall suck of
the abundance of the seas, and of treasures hid in the sand" (v19).
The phrase "abundance of the seas" concerns many items over the
past centuries: herring fishing, fishing in general, whaling, the
harvesting of shrimps, mussels and oysters, trade coming by sea,
dredging vessels, making of dykes, canals and ports, Holland-America
line, Dutch merchant fleet in the 20th century, naval wars, shipbuilding,
etc. Our riches came from the sea and by sea! Likewise South Africa
which also has gas reserves in the sea. The PetroSA GTL refinery at
Mossel Bay, is the focal point of PetroSA’s current production
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activities . Now, Moses has ten blessings for the Tribes. Simeon is
not mentioned, and Zebulun and Issachar are mentioned within one
blessing. Both of them would be living by and from the sea. The
mentioning together is an indication that the Frisians would not have
their own state in the end time. In Canaan both Zebulun and Issachar
were landlocked Tribes. The Mosaic blessing concerning the fact that
Zebulun and Issachar would suck the abundance of the seas was for
the end-time. Frisians and Dutch have been coastal peoples for
centuries, South Africa included. Bert Otten says the following on the
Afsluitdyke: "It goes without saying that the abundance of the seas
also refers to all the fertile reclaimed land from the sea in the
Netherlands. About half the country is below sea-level. The Afsluitdyke
(Closing-off-dyke) turned the Zuyderzee into a fresh water lake, the
Ysselmeer (1932). In the following decades huge polders of reclaimed
land were made in the former Zuyderzee."
6th Clue: Zebulun, Treasures Hid In the Sand: "…for they [Zebulun
and Issachar, Holland (/South Africa) and Friesland] shall suck… of
the treasures hid in the sand" (Deut 33:19c). This part of the prophecy
needs some elaboration. In the first place we think of the flatfish which
hides in the sand which has been important to Dutch fishing. Gravel
124
PetroSA, Operations and Refinery:
http://www.petrosa.co.za/innovation_in_action/Pages/Operations-and-Refinery.aspx
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and sand themselves are treasures as well. The Netherlands is
situated in the delta of Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt. Below many parts
of the Netherlands are huge layers of sand and gravel. Especially
along the Meuse are many sand deeps and gravel deeps, lakes which
have come into existence by dredging the layers of sand and gravel.
Holland is the biggest flower and bulb exporter in the world. Behind the
sand dunes there are "geestgronden". These "geestgronden" exist of
sand from the dunes, mixed with clay. This mixture is very useful for
the growing of bulbs. So even their tulip fields are linked to the
abundance of the sea and treasures hid in the sand, as the North Sea
brought both the clay and the sand. Another fulfilment is to be found in
Shell, Wikipedia: "Royal Dutch Shell, commonly known as Shell, is an
Anglo–Dutch multinational oil and gas company headquartered in The
Hague, Netherlands and with its registered office in London, United
Kingdom. It is the second largest company in the world in terms of
revenue. Gas and oil are formed in former seas and can be defined as
‘treasures hid in the sand’." In the 1960s a huge field of gas was found
in Slochteren (north of the Netherlands, Issachar area). Wikipedia:
"Slochteren is in the center of the giant Groningen gas field,
discovered in 1959, ensuring the position of the Netherlands as a
major energy exporting country. The estimated gas reserves in 2009
were 2700 billion m³ (95,350 billion cubic foot). Another example of
Zebulun and Issachar sucking the treasures hid in the sand, deep in
the sandstone of former seas." Likewise South Africa who mines huge
amounts of minerals from the sea-sand at Richards Bay north-coast
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area in Kwazulu-Natal, and as said, who also extract huge amounts
of gas from the seal at Mosselbay.
7th Clue: Zebulun, A Compassionate People: "Do you therefore, my
children, from that which God bestoweth upon you, show compassion
and mercy impartially to all men, and give to every man with a good
heart. And if ye have not at the time wherewith to give to him that
asketh you, have compassion for him in bowels of mercy. I know that
my hand found not at the time wherewith to give to him that asked me,
and I walked with him weeping for more than seven furlongs, and my
bowels yearned towards him unto compassion" (The Testament of
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Zebulun Concerning Compassion and Mercy). According to Otten of
the pseudo-epigraphic The Testament of Zebulun, the patriarch
Zebulun was a giver and full of compassion, one of the very strong
characteristics of Zebulun. The Testament of Zebulun is also called the
Testament of Compassion and Mercy. The patriarch Zebulun
125
Richards Bay Minerals: http://www.riotinto.com/diamondsandminerals/richards-bay-minerals-
4642.aspx
126
The Testament of Zebulun Concerning Compassion and Mercy:
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08.iii.viii.html#fna_iii.viii-p13.1#fna_iii.viii-p13.1
69
admonishes his children to be givers and to be compassionate. There
are other seafaring nations like the Greek and the Japanese, however,
in the Dutch we find a unique fulfillment of both prophetic clues: a
nation tied to the sea and known to be givers, to be compassionate,
both by government as well as in private. South Africans in general
have been known as "givers" and have the ability to make strangers
feel welcome and "at home".
8th Clue: Zebulun’s Stone, a Diamond: "And thou shalt make the
breastplate of judgment with cunning work… And thou shalt set in it
settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a
sardius [Ruben], a topaz [Simeon], and a carbuncle [Levi]: this shall be
the first row. And the second row shall be an emerald [Judah], a
sapphire [Issachar], and a diamond [Zebulun]" (Exod 28:15-18).
Amsterdam has been a diamond city for 400 years. For 400 years
Amsterdam was the most important diamond city in the world, but not
anymore. Amsterdam retains first position in direct sales of diamonds
to customers though. Famous diamonds like the Koh-I-Noor and the
Star of the South were cut in Amsterdam (at Coster Diamonds). There
is a link between diamonds and Dutch speaking areas. There are a
huge amount of diamond mining and cutting operations in the Boer
Republic of South Africa (near Kimberley of Orange Free State).
Diamonds follow the trail of the Tribe of Zebulun. Wikipedia: "Mining in
South Africa has been the main driving force behind the history and
development of Africa's most advanced and richest economy, after
Nigeria. Large scale and profitable mining started with the discovery of
a diamond on the banks of the Orange River in 1867 by Erasmus
Jacobs and the subsequent discovery and exploitation of the
Kimberley pipes a few years later. Gold rushes to Pilgrim's Rest and
Barberton were precursors to the biggest discovery of all, the Main
Reef/Main Reef Leader on Gerhardus Oosthuizen's farm Langlaagte,
Portion C, in 1886, the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the subsequent
rapid development of the gold field there, the biggest of them all.
Diamond and gold production may now be well down from their peaks,
though South Africa is still number 5 in gold but South Africa remains a
cornucopia of mineral riches. It is the world's largest producer of
chrome, manganese, platinum, vanadium and vermiculite. It is the
second largest producer of ilmenite, palladium, rutile and zirconium. It
is also the world's third largest coal exporter. South Africa is also a
huge producer of iron ore; in 2012, it overtook India to become the
world third biggest iron ore supplier to China, who are the world’s
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largest consumers of iron ore." Now, Antwerp was a diamond city
before Amsterdam. At the time of the inquisition many diamond traders
127
Mining industry of South Africa: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_industry_of_South_Africa
70
fled to Amsterdam. In the 1920s the Amsterdam market collapsed and
Antwerp grew in importance. Nowadays about 80% of the diamond
trade is via Antwerp.
9th Clue: Zebulun, Writers, Bookprinting: [From Deborah’s Song]
"…and out of Zebulun they that handle the pen of the writer (Judges
5:14b). After Jacob’s prophecies (Gen 49) and Moses’ blessings (Deut
33), Deborah’s Song (Judges 5) is often an important source for clues
towards the identities of the Tribes. This important verse for identifying
Zebulun is translated in the Greek Sepuagint as: "…and from Zabulon
came they that draw with the scribe’s pen of record" (Judges 5:14b,
LXXE). Holland is a very literate country and everything having to do
with books, reading, writing, printing, publishing, cartography, Bible
Societies, literacy, speaking foreign languages, can be seen as
fulfilments of this clue. Many Dutch people see Laurens Janszoon
Coster (Haarlem, c. 1370 – 1440) as the inventor of the printing press.
Although this cannot be proven and may not be true, Holland was a
leading nation in printing in the 17th century. Although the country
itself was conservative in the 18th century, it became the place where
most foreign (forbidden!) works of the enlightenment were printed and
published. Even Crusades set up by Anne van der Bijl (became Open
Doors), smuggling Bibles and literature into communist countries is a
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fulfilment of this verse. The Dutch have been great cartographers. A
modern way of combining computers and cartography is sat nav or
satellite navigation. TomTom NV is a Dutch manufacturer of sat nav
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systems and is the leading manufacturer in Europe. Zebulun
handles the pen of the writer… and of the cartographer. The Hebraic
130
Teaching Group, with its HRTI academic institute in South Africa, is
now officially the largest producer of Hebraic Restorer reading material
in the world.
10th Clue: Zebulun & Judah (Jews): "And HaShem spake unto Moses
and unto Aaron, saying, Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch
by his own standard… far off about the tabernacle of the congregation
shall they pitch. And on the east side… shall they of the standard of
the camp of Judah pitch… And those that do pitch next unto him shall
be the tribe of Issachar… Then the tribe of Zebulun… All that were
numbered in the camp of Judah were 186,400, throughout their
armies. These shall first set forth" (Num 2:1-9). There is a bond
between Judah, Issachar and Zebulun. They are the three youngest
sons of Leah. The three Tribes camped for 40 years in brotherly
fashion in the camp of Judah (Num 2:1-9). They were the first ones to
128
For a list of Dutch and Flemish cartographers see: http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartografie
129
Wikipedia, TomTom: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TomTom
130
Hebraic Roots Teaching Institute: http://www.hrti.co.za/
71
break up. And at a new campsite they were the first ones to set up
camp before the tabernacle was set up. Issachar and Zebulun joined
the others in sin – think of the Golden Calf and the bad report of the 10
spies – but they were not ringleaders in evil. The peace they enjoyed
together under the banner of Judah (a lion!) in the desert is prophetic
for the peace they would have in the end-time, in the last days. Over
the past 400 years a special bond has developed between the
Dutch/South Africa (Zebulun), the Frisians (Issachar) and Jews
(Judah). Holland became independent in 1581 and over the past 430
years Jews have lived in relative peace among the Dutch, as long as
we were independent. They lost control and were occupied in 1940 –
1945 by the Germans. Tragically 105,000 Jews were deported. The
Germans were helped by a minority of Dutch nationals, sad to say. It
would not have happened if they had been able to stay out of the war.
When the Dutch queen Beatrix visited the Knesset (1995), Prime
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Minister Rabin spoke of the love story between Holland and Israel.
Rabin gave many possible reasons for the love relation between
Holland and the State of Israel. Of course he did not mention the fact
that they once resided together east of the tabernacle. Amsterdam is a
city with Hollanders, Frisians and Jews. Quite significant is that the
Amsterdam Bible Museum houses the well-known tabernacle of Rev.
Schouten. We find the very same pattern of close relationship between
South Africa and Israel. South Africa has always supported Israel
(2016) and is one of the biggest tourist supporters of Israel. The
Hebraic Teaching Group (HTG) in South Africa is also the only Hebraic
Restorers in the world (2016) that openly and officially declared in their
constitution that they fully submit under the Rabbinical authority (Beit
Din via the Kol HaTor Interface) and teachings of Judah. HTG has also
exceptional good relationships with the South African Zionist
Federation as well as leading Jewish (Judah) organizations, affiliations
and institutes globally.
There may be more indications that the Dutch/South Africans are
descendants of the Tribe of Zebulun. However, in Otten and the
researcher’s opinion, the above are the ten most convincing prophetic
clues that this is so.
119) Proof from Biblical Brit-Am Computer Codes. This is basically
undeniable facts where countries such as Scotland, Ireland, South
Africa, etc. are found encoded deeply in the Hebrew letters of the
Bible. These codes are carefully arranged by HaShem and cannot
131
His speech can be read on
http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign+Relations/Israels+Foreign+Relations+since+1947/1995-
1996/Address+in+the+Knesset+by+Prime+Minister+Rabin+in.htm
72
have been placed there by man. They were encoded by HaShem,
proving the infallible and accuracy of the Bible. Time and space do not
allow us to give the details of this vast and detailed study: for the full
research please visit this link: A Secret Message in Scripture?
http://www.britam.org/BibleCodes.html
120) Ephraimite Criteria: How can one tell that the nation one belongs to is
primarily of Israelite origin? How can one determine that as an
individual the chances are that a person has Israelite ancestry?
Answers: You do not know for sure but one can be fairly certain
according to national and personal criteria that are often pertinent: We
concentrate in our research on countries in which the Israelites were
and are dominant according to criteria that have proven themselves.
This is justified by the Bible. The standards we apply include: 1)
National Level, and 2) Individual Criteria. 1) The criteria applied to
nations. We start off first at the National Level:
BLESSINGS: a) Economic and Physical Blessings as promised to
Israel in Scripture (a few (out of many) selected sources). The
132
Israelites, especially the Ten Tribes, were to: a1) rule over other
133 134 135
peoples. a2) be Seafarers. a3) be the dominant world power.
136
a4) be the world military might. a5) be the enforcer of the peace and
137
policeman of the globe . a6) they would defeat Edom (Germany and
138
Europe). b) Physical-Materialistic Characteristics: b1) number
139 140
hundreds of millions. b2) possess agricultural plenty. b3) control
141
vast mineral resources. b4) rule over gate(s) of your enemies
142
(international strategic points).
INDICATIONS OF SCRIPTURE: Biblical Evidence predicting whereto
the Ten Tribes would go, what type of religion and government they
would have, etc. Physical-Materialistic Geographical Characteristics:
143 144
c1) Ends of the Earth. c2) Isles. c3) Thighs, Peninsulas, and
132
See The Purpose of Exile and Loss of Identity: http://britam.org/Purpose.html
133
Gen 27:29 48:19 "a multitude of nations" (Hebrew: "Malo HaGoyim" i.e. Onkelos says rule over the
nations), Psalms 47:3.
134
Isaiah 42:10.
135
Num 24:7-9, Micah 5:7-9.
136
Deut 33:27, 33:29, Jer 51:20-21.
137
The Battle-Axe of the Almighty or "Police-Man of the Globe", Jer 51:20, Zech 10:7.
138
Ezek 25:14, Obad. 1:18.
139
Gen 15:5, 22:17, 24:60, 32:12, Num 23:10, Isaiah 10:22, 24:16, 26:15, Hos.1:10.
140
Gen 27:28, 49:25, Deut 33:13-16, Hoshea 2:8.
141
Gen 49:25, Deut 33:13, 15.
142
Gen 22:17, 24:60.
143
Isaiah 24:16, 26:15, 41:8-9, 43:6, 49:6.
144
Isaiah 24:15, 49:6, 60:9, Jer 31: 9-10.
73
145 146
Coasts. c4) Tarshish (Atlantic Ocean Area). c5) western
147 148
location. c6) located to the northwest of the Land of Israel. c7) in
149
the "North" Land. c8) South Africa, Australia, New Zealand ("Land of
150 151 152
Sinim"). c9) Zarephath, meaning France and Britain . c10)
153
many waters (Several Oceans). c11) Manasseh (USA) has a name
connoting responsible representation whereas Ephraim (UK)
symbolizes the principle of aristocracy as explained above.
GROUNDWORK: Historical, archaeological, and related proofs
154
showing paths of migration. Dolmens showing pathway of migration.
JUDAH: AFFINITY WITH THE JEWS: This entails proven feelings of
kinship and sympathy with the Jews and a relative lack of anti-
Semitism when compared with others. This holds true even though
155
prophecy also indicates that a certain degree of tension would
always exist almost to the end between "Ephraim" and Judah.
ORIGINALITY: Innovation and Intellect: A minimal degree of national
156
intellectual wisdom and honesty.
BRAVERY: Proven military prowess in the past at least and at present
157
in potential.
EMPATHY: The doing of social justice. Abraham was blessed to
become a great and mighty nation that his descendants might do
158
"justice and judgement".
ISRAELITE SELF-IDENTIFICATION: Israelite identification means
that in some way a significant (more often in quality rather than in
numbers) portion of the peoples concerned at some stage or other to a
degree are known to have identified themselves as Hebraic. This holds
in many cases but not in all of them. Examples: d1) The USA had its
own Israelite-identifying groups such as the early Puritans, some of the
Founding Fathers, the Mormons, and numerous others, in fact within
the whole structure of American religion especially of the
fundamentalist variety there have been such tendencies. Israelite
identification is a recurring feature in American history. Israelite
145
Jer 31:8.
146
Isaiah 60:9.
147
Isaiah 24:14, Hosea 1:10.
148
Isaiah 49:12.
149
Jer 3:18, 31: 6-10.
150
Isaiah 49:12.
151
See also Brit-Am Computer Codes on South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
152
Obad 1:20.
153
Num 24:7.
154
Jer 31:21.
155
Isaiah 11:13.
156
Deut 4:6.
157
Deut 33:29.
158
Gen 18:19.
74
Identifying groups from Europe even from such places as Germany
and Russia and like-minded individuals from all over the world all
tended to gravitate to the USA. USA support for the State of Israel also
says something about an underlying realization of communality. Family
connection: The identified group will have a known and proven "ethnic"
link to some degree to other of the peoples identified as "Israelite" so
that the proofs for one may applied to the other and the effect
becomes cumulative. d2) British: Anglo-Saxon legend and tradition
presumed Hebrew ancestry. Puritans. Restoration Movement.
Personal identification of leading figures. Welsh Hebrew origins known
of from early times. Scottish food taboos and traditions, etc. d3)
Ireland: Irish legend and tradition presupposes a significant degree of
Hebrew ancestry. d4) The Finnish of Finland believed themselves
descended from the Lost Tribes of Israel. d5) Denmark, Sweden and
Norway had periods of identification with Israel. Early Swedish
histories spoke of Hebrew ancestry. The Danes also had an Israelite
tradition and identified strongly with Jews at time of need.
Descendants of Scandinavians in USA were prominent in Israelite
identification groupings and pro-Israel activities. d6) Netherlands
(Holland) acceptance of Jews and identification with them. Tradition of
Israelite origin amongst the Frisians and Puritan type Hebraic
movements and sympathies. d7) Belgium: Similar to Netherlands but
moderated by Roman Catholic religion. d8) France: Protestant French
(Huguenots) identified with Israel. Periods of identification with Jews.
Feeling amongst intellectuals of Gaul having had a Semitic (Hebrew)
origin. Much of French History may even be seen as a struggle
between the Hebraic and the non-Hebraic elements and sentiment.
d9) Switzerland: Hebraic Calvinists. Some very moderated Hebraic
feeling throughout.
FAMILY CONNECTION: The identified group should have proven
"ethnic" links to at least one of the other identified groups so that the
proofs of one may be applied to the other.
TRIBAL AFFILIATION: The Exiled Israelites were destined to settle in
groups retaining much of their original Tribal cohesion or later through
some kind of "homing" instinct members of the same Tribe tended to
converge together.
"SUGGESTED" QUALIFICATIONS AS APPLIED TO INDIVIDUALS
INNER IDENTIFICATION: Do you feel Israelite or Jewish or would you
like to be so considered? Here are some criteria:
ANCESTRY: Do you have Jewish ancestors or those who were
probably Israelites according to Brit-Am and related research findings?
If you do not have such ancestry or are not sure would you be
prepared to totally and irrevocably identify as an Israelite?
75
SCRIPTURE: Do you believe in the Bible? Would you be prepared to
keep Biblical Laws if you were convinced at any stage that the Bible
requires you to do so?
SOCIAL SURROUNDINGS: Do you now live amongst people of Brit-
Am Israelite or Jewish origin and do you identify with them and on the
whole are accepted by them? At the least do you wish to live amongst
such people?
PHILO-JUDAIC: Are you pro-Jewish? At the least do you reject anti-
Semitism and even feel offended by it? Would you like to see a union
between "Ephraim" and Judah?
GOOD QUALITIES: These are based on the three criteria of the
Sages. We have counted these under one heading since they are
inter-related and someone who has one of the three qualities in effect
must have the two others. The Sages said that there are three signs
that distinguish descendants of Israel: They are 1) merciful, 2) kind,
and 3) modest. To fulfill these criteria one does not necessarily have to
be a "saint" just to judge one's reactions all other things being equal:
1) Mercy: Do you feel sympathy for others? Do you believe in social
justice? Do you try to take account of the sensitivities of others?
2) Altruism: Kindness: Are you kind to others? At the least do you feel
that needless suffering should not be inflicted on others but rather
where possible good be done unto them?
3) Modesty: Are you prepared to do good and act worthily even though
you may receive no reward or recognition and perhaps even suffer
because of it?
FAMILY: If you fulfill the above requirements do some members of
your family now or in the past also share the said sentiments and
qualities? Please note: It is obvious that if someone is of Israelite
descent ("ANCESTRY" point above) they are Israelite whether or not
they fulfill any of the other listed points. The criteria however may be
useful for those who are not certain or cannot provide evidence that is
satisfactory from the viewpoint of others.
CAN I MARRY A JEW IF I AM NON-JEWISH BUT ISRAELITE? No.
159
The Ten tribes had their identity suspended temporarily in the
religious sense in order to release them from the consequences of not
keeping the Law and the obligation of keeping it. In the Messianic Era
however they will return and things will be as they previously were.
121) Object of Islamic Terror. Did the Prophet Hosea predict a Muslim
Terrorist attack against Britain or America who in Scripture are referred
to as "Ephraim"? Hosea chapter 9 in Hebrew explicitly mentions
Machmad (Mohammed) as "the mad prophet", and evil spiritual leader.
159
Hosea 1:9, Jer 3:8.
76
Hosea speaks of terrorists assembling in Egypt and bringing disaster
on Ephraim. Brit-Am has shown through Biblical studies and research
in secular fields such as history, linguistics, mythology, cultural
patterns, and numerous other disciplines, in fact anywhere where any
relevant evidence may be available, how determinative elements
amongst peoples of Western Europe are descended from the Ten
Tribes of Israel. We have also shown how the peoples of the British
Isles and their overseas offshoots descend especially from the Tribes
of Joseph, Ephraim and Manasseh. Though Ephraim as a Tribe may
be more dominant in Britain it is also present in North America. Apart
from this, it is the way of Scripture to refer to the Ten Tribes in general,
or at least to the leading Israelite factor amongst them, as "Ephraim".
Hosea 9:7 tells us, "The days of visitation have arrived, the days of
payment have come, Israel shall know, the prophet is evil, the spiritual
leader is mad because of your transgression there is great hatred."
The Muslims are not rational. Anyone in the west who acted as Islam
seems to require its adherents to think and act would not be
considered normal. On the other hand similar things could be said
about the adherents of many religions in different contexts so it is
perhaps best to concentrate upon our own houses rather than probe
how others run theirs. Nevertheless the relevant verses concerning
Ephraim suffering at the hands of Muslim terrorists are there in the
Book of Hosea and they do have a specific intention. As mentioned in
Davidiy work "Ephraim" (1995) chapter two: "Regarding the future,
some type of ill-fated bond between Ephraim and the followers of
Islam is spoken of in the Biblical Book of Hosea. It is obvious that the
same Biblical Prophecies may legitimately often be understood in
several entirely different ways - as they were perhaps intended to be.
The verses should be seen in their context. The overall message is
that the Prophet Hosea condemns Ephraim, uses a word which is a
form of the name "Mohammed", speaks of the region of Egypt and the
east, and predicts a disaster which somehow involves a spiritual
leader and mad prophet who also appears to be identified by
Maimonides as "Mohammed". Hosea 9:1 says, "Do not be happy
Israel, do not rejoice like [other] peoples, for you have sinned [and
gone] away from your Elohim". Note that "Israel" is told not to be
"happy" because they have departed from the truth. By "Israel" in this
case Ephraim or the Ten Tribes in their place of exile is intended.
Britain when linked in Jewish and Arab tradition with the Ten Tribes
was known as "The Happy Isles". The ancestor of the British in Celtic
British tradition had a name, "Aed", connoting "happy" and linked to
the Patriarch "Isaac". This name in Arabic lore represented the exiled
77
160
people of northern Israel. Hosea continues: "They will not dwell in
the land of HaShem, Ephraim shall return to Mitsrayim (Egypt) and eat
unsanctified broth in Assyria (9:3). For, lo, they are gone because of
destruction: Egypt shall gather them up, Memphis shall bury them: the
pleasant places [Hebrew "Machmad" i.e. Mohammed] for their silver,
nettles shall possess them: thorns shall be in their tabernacles [9:6].
The days of visitation have arrived, the days of payment have come,
Israel shall know, the prophet is evil, Madi [Hebrew: "Meshuga"] a man
of spirit because of your transgression and of great hatred (9:7):
"Ephraim looked out with the god of the prophet, a hidden snare on all
his paths, hatred in the house of his god" (Hosea 9:8). Basing
161
ourselves mainly on the Brit-Am Commentary to Hosea we may
paraphrase the above verses as saying: Ephraim will be punished for
their sins and corruption and departure from the God of Israel.
[Abandoning the settlement of Judah in the State of Israel is another
aspect of abandoning the God of Israel.] Terrorists will commit acts of
terrible destruction against Ephraim. They will be inspired by a spiritual
leader, a madman, a Mahammad who desires their wealth. Wild
beasts of men will feast on their ruins. As mentioned above, "the mad
prophet" was indicated by Maimonides (1135-1204), in his "Letter to
Yeman") to be a reference to Mohamed. The name of Mohammed (in
Hebrew and Arabic: "Machmad") does appear in the passage. The
desert sun, sparse diet, and seclusion (as well as the possible use of
hashish and various weeds smoked by some of the Arabs) are liable to
play tricks on highly strung spiritually inclined individuals. If the people
concerned also suffer from epilepsy (as Mohammed did) and
delusions of grandeur so is the propensity for error compounded. The
religion of Islam in effect is derived from Arabic culture. Ishmael the
son of Abraham and Hagar his Egyptian maidservant was the father of
leading elements amongst the Arabs. Prior to the birth of Ishmael his
mother was told, Gen 16:11-12 "And the angel of HaShem said unto
her, behold, thou art with child and shalt bear a son, and shalt call his
name Ishmael; because HaShem hath heard thy affliction. And he will
be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, and every man's
hand against him; and he shall dwell in the presence of all his
brethren." Onkelos (1st century CE) translated the expression, "his
hand will be against every man and every man's hand against him" as
meaning that he will need everyone and everyone will need him. This
is the case today. Everyone needs Arab oil and the Arabs need
everyone else to develop this oil and market it. They also are often
160
See, "Aed and Israel: The Lost Tribes in Celtic and Arabic Lore" for the details at
http://www.britam.org/aed.html
161
http://britam.org/hosea9.html#Brit
78
violently disposed towards everyone else and other people dislike
them. Historically, the Arabian Jews whom Mohammed massacred
may have been an offshoot from the Ten Tribes, i.e. "Ephraim". Their
settlements in Arabia appear to date from shortly after the Assyrian
Exile. Regarding the future the message of Hosea is a warning that the
forces of Islam are a danger. Association with them threatens disaster
upon Ephraim which mainly means Great Britain. Ephraim also
includes important elements in North America, South Africa, and
Australia. A portion of Ephraim is also to be found amongst the Jews.
The name Ephraim in Scripture can stand too for the leading power
amongst the Ten Tribes or all of the Ten Tribes in general. The said
verses may well contain a hint that Ephraim will attempt some type of
rapport with "the god of the prophet" and this will not turn out well.
122) Numerous Other Proofs in Scripture and Related Sources.
Conclusion
Many have sought to predict the cause of human events, but none have
had the incredible accuracy of the ancient Biblical prophets! Did you know
that prophets, thousands of years before the deportation and migration of
the Tribes into the nations, prophesied the events? Did you know each and
every one of these prophecies was literally fulfilled with unprecedented
accuracy? Why will the restoration prophecies of the Tribes no also be
fulfilled? All the prophecies on the return and restoration of the Twelve
Tribe Israel Kingdom will also be literally fulfilled with unprecedented
accuracy in the very near future! Overwhelming Scriptural evidence has
been presented to the reader in this first division out of the eleven:
1) Biblical Evidence (TaNaCh, Talmud, Apocryphas)
2) Historical Evidence (Chronicles, Historiography)
3) Archaeological Evidence (Diggings, Museums)
4) Evidence of Names of Historical Tribal Entities
5) Evidence of Ethnic Affiliations (with Other Entities for whom proof
exists)
6) Social and Cultural Evidence
7) Linguistical Evidence
8) National Characteristical Evidence
9) Mythological Evidence
10) Physical Similarity Evidence
11) Scientific Evidence
79
The researchers have focused mainly on the Biblical references in this
research section, which as said, is already overwhelming. In the next part
we will focus on the Historical, Archaeological, Tribal, and Ethic Affiliation
Evidence.
The researcher has listed additional resources from the Talmud and
Apocryphal Books in the appendix for your perusal.
80
Commonwealth of Yisrael
(Chever HaAmim HaYisraeli)
Founded upon Ezekiel 37:15-17, bringing together organizations
internationally and in Israel which share the vision of reconciliation of the
divided Houses of Yehudah and Yoseph (10-Israel leaving spiritual Egypt) in
fulfilment of the main theme of the Biblical message and Divine intent, to
establish the Sovereign Rule of the G-d of Israel over the earth.
Watch this short 4 minute DVD: http://www.commonwealthofyisrael.com/
The Commonwealth of Yisrael project brings together organizations
internationally and in Israel which share the vision of reconciliation of the
divided Houses of Yehudah and Yoseph (10-Israel leaving spiritual Egypt) in
fulfilment of the main theme of the Biblical message and Divine intent, to
establish the Sovereign Rule of the G-d of Israel over the earth. This vision
is founded in the prophecy of Ezekiel 37:15-17 of the re-uniting of the two
Sticks into one and in many prophecies of the Bible and underlies the entire
main theme of redemption as defined by the Scriptures. Both Houses of
Yisrael will be fully represented in this project in pursuance of the Biblically
mandated unification of the nation of Yisrael.
"I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be
their G-d, and they shall be my people." Jeremiah 31:33
Vision Statement
Reconciliation between the historically greatly divided 2 Houses of Yisrael
underlies the main theme of all Scripture: i.e. the Final Redemption of
Yisrael, which is now in process of fulfilment.
This Vision seeks to promote repair of historical and current breaches
between the estranged 2 Houses of Yisrael (Isa. 11:12) by examining
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81
Appendix
Talmud and Mishnah References and Quotes
The earliest documentation of the dispute can be found in discussions
taking place sometime before the 2nd century CE. The Mishnah records
Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Eliezar disagreeing on various points in regard to
the return of the lost tribes. The Babylonian Talmud (Mishnah)
Sanhedrin 110b: "The Ten Tribes will not return [to the Land of Israel], for
it is said, 'And cast them into another land, as is this day: just as the day
goes and does not return, so they too went and will not return.' This is R.
Akiba's view. R. Eliezer said: 'As this day—just as the day darkens and
then becomes light again, so the ten tribes—even as it went dark for them,
so will it become light for them." The quote from Rabbi Akiva, however,
should probably be understood in light of his disappointed belief that Simon
ben Kosiba (surnamed Simon bar Kokhba) was the Messiah who would
liberate the Jews from Rome, return the lost tribes and usher in the long-
awaited Olam Haba. The failure of the Bar Kochba rebellion convinced
Akiva that the lost tribes would not return at that time. It is probably a
mistake to take Akiva's statement as a categorical denial of a return at any
time.
Midrash Solomon 1;16, Israel says: Behold thou art fair, my love When
you will take retribution from the worshippers of idols. Yea pleasant when
you pay the reward of those who fear you. Also our bed: These are the Ten
Tribes. [In Hebrew bed is eres while ten is eser and uses the same letters,
and our bed (erseynu) sounds like our ten (esereynu).] They are those who
were exiled beyond the Sambation River. The exiles of Judah and
Benyamin [i.e. the present-day Jews] are destined to go unto them and
bring them back in order to merit with them the Messianic Era and life in the
World-To-Come. This is as it says, In those days the house of Judah shall
go unto the house of Israel and they shall come together out of the land of
the north unto the land that I have given for an inheritance unto your fathers
(Jeremiah 3;18). -Yalkut Shimeoni, Song of Solomon 905.
The Rabbis (Numbers Rabah 1;6, Eichah Rabah 2;9, Jerusalemi
Sanhedrin ch.17, L.6,29) agreed that Isaiah 49 was referring to the Lost
Ten Tribes. They quoted Isaiah 49 and said that there were three major
areas to which the Lost Ten Tribes went: One to beyond the Sambation
River, one to Daphneh of Antiochia, and one to where the Clouds came
down and covered them.
The Talmud (Baba Batra 75;b) says: "When Israel sins somewhat, they
are brought down like a fowl [flying away], as it says, as for Ephraim, their
82
glory shall fly away like a bird [Hosea 9:11]. When they gain merit, they are
elevated like a cloud, as it says, who are these that fly as a cloud [Isaiah
60:8]." So we see that in at least one place the Talmud speaks of the above
verse in Isaiah (60:8) in connection to Ephraim meaning to the Lost Ten
Tribes.
Mishnah in Sanhedrin (110b): "The Ten Tribes will not return as it says
(Nitzovim 29:8) "And he threw them to a different land like this day". Just
as a day passes and will never return, they too will be exiled never to
return, these are the words of Rabbi Akivah. "Rabbi Eliezer says, just like a
day is followed by darkness, and the light later returns. So too, although it
will become "dark" for the Ten Tribes, G-d will ultimately take them out of
their darkness." Thus, we have two opinions regarding the destiny of the
Ten Tribes. The Talmud cites an additional view which is one of the
opinions that their destiny is dependent on their behavior, "Rabbi Shimon
ben Judah of Kfar Ako says in the name of Rabbi Shimon: 'If their behavior
continues as it is today ("this day") they will not return, if they repent, they
will indeed return.
View of Rabbi Eliezer (that is accepted as Halacha) - that the Ten Tribes
will return. [A Talmudic sage even used the sharp expression "Rabbi
Akivah has lost his piousness" - when referring to R. Akivah's harsh
statement about the Ten Tribes. Thus, the Halacha remains as Rabbi
Eliezer - that the Ten Tribes will ultimately return.] The Talmud explains that
this view is based on the verse (Isaiah 27:13) "and it will be on that day, a
great Shofar will be blown, and the lost will come from the land of Ashur" -
this verse refers to the Ten Tribes who were exiled to the land of Ashur.
One point still has to be clarified: Amos (5:1) said in reference to the Ten
Tribes: "Hear this thing, upon which I am mourning: The Virgin of Israel fell,
and will never get up". How would R. Eliezer explain the words "It will never
get up?" A possible explanation is that it will not "get up" as an independent
entity, but it will get up as an entity totally incumbent to the kingdom of
Judah.
The Midrash tells us that the Ten Tribes were exiled to three places: Some
were exiled to the land behind the Sambatyon River. Another group was
exiled to a distant land behind the River (this land was twice the distance
from Israel than the first Land); the third group was "swallowed in
Rabbeslah." The Midrash then describes the manner in which some of the
third Group (who were "swallowed") will return: "G-d will make them
underground tunnels and they will travel through them, until they reach the
Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. G-d will stand on the mount causing it to
split, and the Ten Tribes will emerge from within." (Yalkut Shimoni, Isaiah
469). Obviously, this Midrash is not to be taken literally, it rather alludes to
83
the severe spiritual exile which this group is now enduring and the spiritual
transformation which they will undergo when Moshiach comes: The Ten
Tribes were taken to exile and "were swallowed", i.e. they have totally
forgotten their Jewish Identity, as if it has been "swallowed" by some
external force. Their energy remains only in potential form. When Moshiach
comes, G-d will take them through tunnels (symbolizing the process of
refinement) and will lead them to the Mount of Olives (a mountain which
was (originally) dedicated to the growing of fruit - a symbol of utilization of
potential energy. Finally the mountain will split, and they will emerge - their
Jewish identity will reemerge from the present state of "potential" and will
be fully realized.
Indeed, the sages of the Talmud and Midrash offer a number of alternative
locations for the exiled tribes, including Afriki (commonly translated as
Africa) and the Mountains of Selug (Talmud, Sanhedrin 94a). One place
where we read of other destinations is the Jerusalem Talmud: Rabbi
Berachiah and Rabbi Chelbo said in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar
Nachman: To three places was Israel exiled: one to beyond the Sambatyon
River, one to Daphne of Antiochia, and one to where the clouds came down
and covered them.
The Midrash gives a similar account of where the exiles went, but adds a
description of their miraculous return as well: To three places were the ten
tribes exiled. Some were exiled to the Sambatyon River. Another group
was exiled to a distant land behind the Sambatyon River; this land was
twice as far from Israel as the first. The third group was "swallowed in
Rivlathah." [G‑d will] "say to the prisoners go forth," to those are those
exiled were exiled to the Sambatyon River. [And He will say] "to them that
are in darkness, show yourselves" to those exiled to a distant land behind
the Sambatyon River. And for those who were swallowed in Rivlathah, G‑d
will create for them underground tunnels, and they will travel through them
until they reach the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. G‑d will stand on the
mountain, causing it to split, and the ten tribes will emerge from within, as
the verse states, "On that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives,
which is before Jerusalem from the east, and the Mount of Olives will split
in the midst thereof—toward the east and toward the west—a very great
valley. Half the mountain will move to the north, and half of it to the south."
(Pesikta Rabbati 31; Yalkut Shimoni, Isaiah 469).
Rabh and Samuel. According to one he was a clever king, because if he
would have said that he would take them in a better land than theirs they
would consider him a liar. And according to the other he was a fool, for
what use could it be for them to go in a land which is not better than their
own? To where did he exile the ten tribes of Israel? According to Mar Sutra
84
to Africa, and according to R. Hanina to the mountains of Slug. However,
the ten tribes of Israel slander the land of Israel, for when they reached the
city of Sus they said that it was like their own land. And when they came to
the city of Elmin they said that it is like our Elmin (Jerusalem). And when
they reached the second Sus they said that it was much better than their
own land.
(https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Talmud/sanhedrin11.html)
In Talmudic literature we occasionally run across a slight reference to the
ten tribes, as, for instance, Mar Sutra's statement that they journeyed to
Iberia. Gustav Karpeles "Jewish Literature and Other Essays". Publisher,
Library of Alexandria, 1985. ISBN, 1465526501, 9781465526502.
Apocrypha References
2 Esdras 13:26-50: 29 Behold, the days come, when the most High will
begin to deliver them that are upon the earth. 30 And he shall come to the
astonishment of them that dwell on the earth. 31 And one shall undertake
to fight against another, one city against another, one place against
another, one people against another, and one realm against another. 32
And the time shall be when these things shall come to pass, and the signs
shall happen which I shewed thee before, and then shall my Son be
declared, whom thou sawest as a man ascending. 33 And when all the
people hear his voice, every man shall in their own land leave the battle
they have one against another. 34 And an innumerable multitude shall be
gathered together, as thou sawest them, willing to come, and to overcome
him by fighting. 35 But he shall stand upon the top of the mount Sion. 36
And Sion shall come, and shall be shewed to all men, being prepared and
builded, like as thou sawest the hill graven without hands. 37 And this my
Son shall rebuke the wicked inventions of those nations, which for their
wicked life are fallen into the tempest; 38 And shall lay before them their
evil thoughts, and the torments wherewith they shall begin to be tormented,
which are like unto a flame: and he shall destroy them without labour by the
law which is like unto me. 39 And whereas thou sawest that he gathered
another peaceable multitude unto him; 40 Those are the ten tribes, which
were carried away prisoners out of their own land in the time of Osea the
king, whom Salmanasar the king of Assyria led away captive, and he
carried them over the waters, and so came they into another land. 41 But
they took this counsel among themselves, that they would leave the
multitude of the heathen, and go forth into a further country, where never
mankind dwelt, 42 That they might there keep their statutes, which they
never kept in their own land. 43 And they entered into Euphrates by the
narrow places of the river. 44 For the most High then shewed signs for
them, and held still the flood, till they were passed over. 45 For through that
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country there was a great way to go, namely, of a year and a half: and the
same region is called Arsareth. 46 Then dwelt they there until the latter
time; and now when they shall begin to come, 47 The Highest shall stay the
springs of the stream again, that they may go through: therefore sawest
thou the multitude with peace. 48 But those that be left behind of thy people
are they that are found within my borders. 49 Now when he destroyeth the
multitude of the nations that are gathered together, he shall defend his
people that remain. 50 And then shall he shew them great wonders.
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