Jadwiga of Poland on Polish throne
why Jadwiga became the female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland;
what were her services to Poland;
what was the ideal of a medieval woman;
why Jadwiga married Jogaila.
After the death of Casimir the Great, as a result of treaties on common inheritance, the crown of the Kingdom of Poland was taken over by Louis of Anjou, King of Hungary. Poland and Hungary found themselves in a personal union - they were connected by a monarch. Ludwik died without leaving a male descendant. The young royal daughter Jadwiga, who was crowned King of Poland (in 1384), joined the Polish throne. In 1386, she married Jogaila, strengthening the personal union of Poland and Lithuania. She focused on charitable activities for people in need. She supported the church and her jewels in her will to renew the Krakow Academy.
Look at the Jadwiga of Anjna's genealogical tree, and then do the exercise.
Complete the text.
mother, uncle, grandfather, daughter, father, brother, granddaughter, husband
Władysław Elbow-high was the .......................... of Elizabeth and Casimir, and the .......................... of Louis of Hungary. Jadwiga was Elizabeth's .......................... and Louis' ........................... Casimir the Great was Elizabeth's ...........................
Familiarize yourself with selected elements in Jadwiga's portrait.
Based on the following text, what can you say about Queen Jadwiga? What character traits can you assign to her?
Saints for every dayWhen building the church of St. Mary on the Sand, which exists to this day, Queen Jadwiga herself looked after the works. One day, her watchful eye matured a stonemason who was sad. When she asked about the reason, he replied that he had left a seriously ill wife at home, afraid that he would leave him with small children, and he had no money for a doctor. The queen, without thinking, took her gold buckle from her boot, planted with precious stones, and gave it to the laborer to pay the doctor. She did not notice that she put her foot on the stone covered with lime. Reflected footprint shoe grateful stone carver around and together with the stone laid in the outer wall of the temple. You can see it today.
Source: Wincenty Zaleski, Saints for every day.
coat of arms of the Kingdom of Poland,
coronation insignia,
a model of university buildings being kept by a student,
the emblem of the Academy (two crossed scepters) held by a scholar.
Remind yourself in which year Casimir the Great founded the Krakow Academy and in which year it was renewed. How many years have passed since the foundation of the Academy to its renewal?
- 100
- 36
- 50
- 33
Select the truthful statements.
- Jadwiga came from the Hungarian Arpad dynasty.
- In 1384, Jadwiga was crowned King of Poland.
- Władysław II Jagiełło to become Jadwiga's husband had to convert to Catholicism together with the whole of Lithuania.
- Jadwiga was the first ruler of the Anjou dynasty on the Polish throne.
- Being a pious ruler, she commissioned the first translation in our history of the Book of Psalms into Polish, known today as the Florian Psalter.
- She was an educated ruler who knew Latin and German.
- She gave her jewels and valuables to renew the dilapidated Krakow Academy.
- She was known for her charity and her intercession for the wronged ones.
- She died in 1405 and was buried in Hungary.
- She was beatified by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007.
Keywords
personal union, dynasty, alliance, canonization
Glossary
unia personalna – związek dwóch lub więcej państw posiadających wspólnego władcę przy zachowaniu odrębności państwowej.
dynastia – ród, z którego pochodzą panujący władcy, np. książęta, królowie. Dynastię uznaje się za panującą jeśli co najmniej jej dwaj przedstawiciele panują bezpośrednio po sobie lub z niewielkimi przerwami.
sojusz – układ dwóch lub więcej państw lub organizacji, który ma doprowadzić do wspólnego zamierzonego celu.
jałmużna – datek, ofiara dla biednych i potrzebujących. W chrześcijaństwie należy do uczynków miłosierdzia.
pobożność – odznaczanie się głęboką wiarą i religijnością jakiejś osoby, która uczestniczy w nabożeństwach religijnych z pokorą oraz szczerością.
mecenat – opieka wpływowych i bogatych miłośników nauki i sztuki nad artystami. Wspomagają oni finansowo artystów zatrudniając ich w swoich posiadłościach lub zlecając tworzenie dzieł sztuki, np. obrazów, rzeźb.
Kanonizacja - oficjalne i uroczyste uznanie zmarłej osoby za świętą przez Stolicę Apostolską (w katolicyzmie) lub Święty Synod (prawosławie), poprzedzone procesem kanonizacyjnym.