Eponyms, Nicknames, and Geographical Names

Eponyms, Nicknames, and Geographical Names

Aardvark US F-111 fighter-

Adventure Captain Kidd’s pi- bomber

acid rock synthesized music

associated with drug use

rate ship

AE George William Russell Bentley’s pseudonym

A Bachelor of Arts P h y l l i s

Aco Michel Accault (La Salle’s

Aegean Ethicist Aristotle abandoned woman nickname

lieutenant)

Aerospace Valley California’s for a prostitute

Acronym Islands I n d o n e s i a

Antelope Valley Abba Dabba Jim Tobin (base-

where politicians delight in

creating acronyms for every

Aesthetic Post-Impressionist

Vasili Kandinski Abbé Sieyès Emmanuel Jo-

ball player)

occasion

Affable Archangel Raphael seph Sieyès

Acropolis of America N ew

afghan afghan blanket; afghan abbott nembutal sleeping tab-

York City’s Morningside

hound (noted for its long silk- let (nicknamed for its pro-

Heights-site of Columbia

like coat and narrow head) ducer, Abbott Laboratories)

University

Africa in Miniature C a m e - Abby Abigail

Acton Bell p s e u d o ny m o f

roon Abdul the Damned Sultan Ab-

Anne Brontë

Ada Adelaida; Adelaide

African-American Abolition-

dul-Hamud II of Turkey

Adam Hall Elleston Trevor’s

ist-Author-Editor-Orator

Abe nickname for a $5-bill

Frederick Douglass bearing Lincoln’s portrait

pseudonym

Adam Smith George JW Good-

African-American Astrono-

Abigail Van Buren Pa u l i n e

man’s pseudonym; 18th cen-

mer-Inventor-Mathemati-

cian Benjamin Banneker known as Dear Abby

Esther (Popo) Phillips, better

tury Scottish economist

Addie Ada; Adela; Adelaide;

African-American Botanist

Abolitionist Quaker E l i a s

Adelina; Adeline

Chemurgist-Educator

George Washington Carver Abominable Snowman b i g ,

Hicks

Addison’s disease adrenal cor-

tical defciency

African-American Explorer

hairy manlike creature be-

Matt(hew) A Henson who lieved by natives to inhabit

Adelina Patti A d e l a J u a n a

pushed Peary to the North the higher Himalayas (also

Maria Patti

Pole as well as helping him known as yeti)

Admirable Doctor E n g l i s h

survey the Nicaraguan canal Ab-o’-th’-Yate Benjamin Bri-

author-philosopher Francis

route erley

Bacon—Doctor mirabilis

Admiral of the Atlantic K a i -

African-American Messiah

Abu Zabi (Arabic-Abu Dhabi)

ser Wilhelm II

Booker T Washington

The Admiral Doctor R o g e r

Harriet Tubman Abyssinia Ethiopia

capital of the United Arab

African-American Moses

Emirates (UAE)

Bacon

Admiral of the Ocean Sea

African-American Movie Pio-

academy whorehouse

Christopher Columbus

neer Ralph Cooper

African Queen Mrs Ian Smith acapulco gold g o l d - t i n t e d ,

Admiral of the Pacific C z a r

of Salisbury, Rhodesia (now high-priced Mexican mari-

Nicholas II

Zimbabwe) juana

Admiralties Admiralty Islands

Africa’s big five Cape buffalo, accommodation houses B r i t -

Adobe State New Mexico

elephant, leopard, lion, rhi- ish nickname for brothels

Adonis from Congress Wa r-

noceros ace marijuana cigarette

ren Magnuson

Adonis of Fifty nickname of

Afro-America’s First Great

Ace of Spies Sidney Reilly

George IV

Poet Paul Laurence Dunbar

Acerbic American Critic

A-funk acid (LSD) funk, drug American Mercury’s HL

Adrian Hadrian

depression Mencken in the 1920s and

Adrian Girls ( d e l i n q u e n t )

Agate Capital Prineville, Ore- 1930s; American Spectator’s

Girls Training School at

gon R Emmett Tyrell, Jr in the

Adrian, Michigan

agates nembutal 1970s and 1980s

Adrianople former name of

Age of Extinction the 20th cen- Achmed Abdullah Alexander

Eridne

tury when the human popula- Nicholaievitch Romanov

Adriatic bowels diarrhea ac-

tion growth infringed on acid freak habitual LSD user

quired in Italy or other Adri-

wildlife habitat who exhibits bizarre behavior

atic countries

Age of Reptiles early meso- acid head habitual LSD user

Advance Agent of Emancipa-

tion Lucretia Mott

zoic era

Eponyms, Nicknames

Age of Uncertainty John Ken-

Alexander Girls A r k a n s a s neth Galbraith’s name for the

alacranes (Spanish—scorpi-

Training School for (delin- late 20th century

ons)—persons from the Mex-

quent) Girls at Alexander Age of Voltaire the Enlighten-

ican state of Durango

Alain pseudonym of Emile

Alexander of the North

Charles XII of Sweden Aggie Agatha; Agnes

ment

Chartier

Alexander Serarimovich A l - Agnes Lee Mrs Otto Freer

Alain-Fournier Henri-Alban

exander Serafimovich Popov Agnon Shmuel Yosef Agnon

Fournier’s pseudonym

Alexander Technique m a s - pseudonym of Samuef Josef

Alameda Bernardo O’Higgins

sage and physical-manipula- Czaczkes

Las Delicias

tion therapy developed by F Agnostic Penologist C o l o n e l

Alamo City San Antonio, Texas

Mathias Alexander Robert Green Ingersoll

Alan Alda A l p h o n s o

Alexandretta Iskenderun (1833–1899) who lectured

d’Abruzzo

Alexandria Egyptian port city and wrote about Crimes

of El Iskandariya Against Criminals as well as

Alan Hovhaness Alan Hov-

Alexandrian Century the 4th Cruelty in the Elmira Refor-

haness Chakmakjian

Alan King Irving Kniberg

century before the Christian matory

era when Alexander of Mace- Agrarian Champion E m i l -

Alaric Cottin Voltaire’s nick-

donia conquered Egypt, Per- iano Zapata of Mexico

name for Frederick the Great

Alas Leopoldo Alas y Ureña

sia, and India as well as en-

Agricola Alexander Ackerman, couraging Greek philosophers

Alaskan Ports (south to north)

composer; George Bauer, and poets—the 300s

Ketchikan, Wrangell, Peters-

German minerologgist; Jo- Alexes ten-dollar bills bearing

burg, Sitka. Juneau, Cordova,

hannes Sneider or Schnitter, the portrait of America’s first

Seward, Anchorage, Kodiak,

Protestant reformer; Martin Secretary of the Treasury, Al-

Dutch Harbor, Adak Naval

Sohr, composer; Roelof exander Hamilton

Station, Nome

Huysman, Dutch musi- Alfalfa Bill Governor William

Alaska’s Scenic Capital J u -

cian-painterscholar Henry Murray of Oklahoma

neau

Alaska turkey Alaska salmon

AgriculturaI Wizard of Tuske-

Alfonso XIII León Fernando

gee George Washington María Isídro Pascual António

Albany beef H u d s o n R ive r

Carver Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred

sturgeon

Tennyson (1st Baron Tenny- Agritainment farms open to

Albaturkey Albuquerque, New

son—poet laureate of En- public tours

Mexico

gland from 1850 until 1892) Aguecheek Charles B Fair-

Albemarle Island, Galápagos

Algerian onyx stalagmitic cal- banks

Isabela

cite A-head acid head; LSD user;

Albert the Good Prince Albert

Algerian Ports Annab (Bone), amphetamine addict

Francis Charles Augustus

Skikda, Bejaia, Alger (Alg- Ai Florence Anthony

Emmanuel of Saxe-Coburg-

Gotha, Prince Consort of

iers), Mostaganem, Arzew,

Air Capital of America

Oran, Mers el Kebir Wichita, Kansas

Queen Victoria

Alberto Moravia A l b e r t o

Alhambra ( A r a b i c — R e d

Air Capital of the World

House)—ancient Moorish Montreal, Quebéc—head-

Pincherle

castle in Granada whence the quarters of the International

Alberto Savinio A n d r e a d e

Moors ruled most of Spain Civil Aviation Organization

Chirico

from 711 to 1492 and the International Air

Albert’s disease inflammation

Algonquin Circle F(ranklin) Transport Association

of the bursae over the Achilles

P(ierce) A(dams), Robert Air-Conditioned City D u -

tendon

Benchley, Heywood Broun, luth, Minnesota

Albertville Kalima, Zaire

Irvin S Cobb, Edna Ferber, Air Mike Air Micronesia

George S Kaufman, Ring Airtourer single-engine trainer

Albion Britain’s ancient name

Albuquerque Girls New Mex-

ico Girls Welfare Home at Al-

Lardner, Harpo Marx, Dor- othy Parker, Harold Ross,

plane built by Aero Engine

Robert E Sherwood, Alex- Services of New Zealand

buquerque

ander Woolcott, and others Ajax Annie Besant’s pseud-

Albuturkey Albuquerque, NM

who met informally around onym when working with

Al Capp Alfred Gerald Caplin

the bar of the Algonquin Ho- Charles Bradlaugg for free

Alcibiades Alfred Lord Tenny-

tel or in the offices of The New thought and population con-

son

Yorker trol in Great Britain

Alcofribas Nasier F r a n ç o i s

Al Hirt Alois Maxwell Hirt Akhiar formerly Sevastopol

Rabelais

The Alice Alice Springs, North- Akmechet formerly Simfer-

Alec Waugh Alexander Raban

ern Territory, Australia opol

Waugh

Alice B Toklas brownie cookie Alabama Port Mobile

Aleksei Maksimovich Pesh-

kov Maxim Gorki

with baked-in marijuana

Eponyms, Nicknames

Alice Cooper Vincent Furnier

American Agnostics Clarence Alice Faye Alice Leppert

Alte Fritz ( G e r m a n — O l d

Darrow, Felix Frankfurter, Alice Markova Alice Marks

Fritz)—Frederick the Great

of Prussia

Robert G Ingersoll, Ben B

Alien-and-Sedition President

Lindsey, Henry L Mencken John Adams

Alter Steffl ( G e r m a n — O l d

Stevie)—Stephen’s Cathedral

American Apostle of Nonvio-

Alize Breguet carrier-based

lent Disobedience M a r t i n three-place antisubmarine

in Vienna

Luther King, Jr warfare aircraft

Alto Peru ( S p a n i s h — H i g h

American Arctic Alaska north Al Jolson Asa Yoelson

Peru)—Bolivia

of the Arctic Circle; the North Alkyd Winsor & Newton’s

Pole reached by Americans trade name for alkyd-base

Amazonia Brazil’s Amazon

Robert E Peary and Matthew watercolors

River basin

Henson in 1909 All All Alligator Alley

Amazon of the Keyboard

Teresa Carreño

American Atheist Epigram-

All-American Boy Jack Arm- matists Ambrose Bierce, strong

Ambassador of the Air

M a r k Tw a i n , a n d H L All-American Mirror U p t o n

Charles A Lindbergh

Mencken Sinclair

Ambassador of Good Will

American Atheists Luther Bur- All Bunny Albany, New York

Will Rogers

bank, Thomas Edison, Eman- Allenwood Camp F e d e r a l

A.M. Bernard Louisa Mae Al-

uel Haldeman-Julius, Ayn Prison Camp at Allenwood,

cott

Rand, Margaret Sanger, Gor- Pennsylvania

Amdahl’s Law a c o m p u t e r

don Stein Alligator Alley trans-Florida

system’s speed is determined

by its slowest components

American Ballad Composer

Stephen Collins Foster derdale on the Atlantic coast

highway between Fort Lau-

(for Gene Amdahl)

American Balladeer Pa u l and Naples on the Gulf of

Robeson Mexico

America of the East Poland,

American Balzac Wi l l i a m Alligators Floridians

according to Lech Walesa

Faulkner Alligator State Alabama, Flor-

America of the North Green-

The American Beauty B i l l i e ida, Louisiana, Mississippi,

land, according to Franklin

Delano Roosevelt

Dove (Lillian Bohny)

and Texas American Beauty Rose o ff i-

America of the South Panama

Canal

All-the-Talents Administra-

cial flower of Washington,

tion Prime Minister William D.C.; nickname sometimes Wyndham Grenville

America South of the Equator

given young women—Amer- Alma Gluck Reba Fierson

American Samoa

ican Beauty Roses Almanac Trial 1858 case won

America of the West Guam

American Caesar G e n e r a l by Abraham Lincoln when he

American American aloe (cen-

Douglas MacArthur held up an almanac to show

tury plant); American beauty

American Cato Samuel Ad- that since there was no moon

(crimson rose); American

ams on the night of a murder, a

buffalo (bison); American

American Century the 20th witness could not have seen

cheddar (also called Ameri-

century marked by invention his client commit murder

can cheese or store cheese);

American cheese (cheddar);

and industrial activity, dis-

Almirante del Mar Oceano

covery of the North Pole, (Spanish—Admiral of the

American cloth (oil-cloth);

landing of men on the moon, Ocean Sea), title given Chris-

American cotton (upland cot-

ton); American-English

victory in two world wars, de- votion to the democratic

topher Columbus by Queen

(American-style English);

ideal—the 1900s American Chronicler J o h n

Isabella la Católica who also

American fingering (piano);

Dos Passos ered

made him viceroy and gover-

American fries (hashed

nor of all the lands he discov-

brown potatoes); American

leopard (jaguar); American

American Comedians Abbott and Costello, Fred Allen,

Almost-Impeached President

Amos and Andy, Lucille Ball, Andrew Johnson, Richard M.

lobster (Canadian or New En-

gland large-clawed species);

Jack Benny and Rochester (Eddie Anderson), Edgar Ber-

Nixon

American Morse (code);

Aloha State Hawaii

gen, Milton Berle, Josh Bill- Aloysha (Russian nickname—

American plan (fixed hotel

ings, Victor Borge, Albert Aleksei)—Alex; Alexander

rate including board and

Brooks, Mel Brooks, Alpine Principality Liechten-

food), (food plus room and

(George) Burns and (Gracie) stein

bath); American rig (oil rig);

Allen, Sid Caesar, Eddie Can- Alpine Republic Switzerland

American sable (pine mar-

tor, George Carlin, Diahann Altamont, Catawba T h o m a s

ten); American School (of art-

Carroll, Johnny Carson, Wolfe’s fictitious name for

ists, economists, etc.); Amer-

Charlie Chaplin, Bill Cosby, Asheville, North Carolina

ican twist (tennis) other

American categories or items

Billy Crystal, Sammy Davis,

Eponyms, Nicknames

Jr, Phyllis Diller, Jimmy Du- rante, WC Fields, Redd Foxx, Great Gildersleeve, Jackie Gleason, Whoopi Goldberg, George B Hicks, Bob Hope, Danny Kaye, Buster Keaton, (Stan) Laurel and (Oliver) Hardy, Jay Leno, David Let- terman, Sam Levinson, Harold Lloyd, Sam Lucas, Jackie (Moms) Mabley, Steve Martin, the Marx Brothers (see Marx Brothers), Florence Mills, Eddie Murphy, Petro- leum V Nasby, Bill Nye, Pat Paulson, Paula Poundstone, Will Rogers, Mark Russell, Bobby Short, Red Skelton, Lily Tomlin, Peter Ustinov, Bert Williams, Robin Will- iams

American Commoner Wi l l - iam Jennings Bryan

American Composer-Pianist

Louis Moreau Gottschalk American Composers S a m - uel Barber, Leonard Bern- stein, William Billings, Aaron Copland, Norman Dello Joio, Stephen Foster, George Ger- shwin, Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Morton Gould, Howard Hanson, Victor Her-

b e r t , A l a n H ov h a n e s s , Charles Ives, Edward Mac- Dowell, Gian Carlo-Menotti, Walter Piston, Wallingford Riegger, William Schuman, John Philip Sousa. Virgil Thomson

American Conservationists

John Muir, William T Horn- day, Williard G Van Name

American-Cowboy Comedian- Humorist Commentator-

Philosopher Will Rogers American Critic H ( e n r y ) L(ouis) Mencken

American Crusader for Reli-

gious Liberty Roger Will- iams

American Demosthenes Rob- ert Ingersoll American disease narcotic ad- diction

American Documentary Film

Pioneer Robert Flaherty American (Bald) Eagle s y m - bol of the United States American-English Poet T h o - mas Stearns Eliot

American Etchers Joseph Pen-

nell and James Abbott Mc- Neill Whistler

American Expatriate Painters

Benjamin West and James Ab- bott McNeill Whistler

American Filibuster William

Walker (1824–1860) who in- vaded Baja California, So- nora, and Nicaragua attempt- ing to become the head of Central America

American Film Pioneer

David Wark Griffith

American Founder of

Women’s Suffrage E l i z a - beth Cady Stanton (founder and first president of the Na- tional Woman Suffrage Asso- ciation)

American Frontier Romanti-

cist James Fenimore Cooper

American Gateway to Alaska

and the Orient Seattle American Heartland Illinois,

Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin

American Hellenist F r a n k

Mortyn

American Historical Painter

Emmanuel Leutzé

American Humanist Philoso-

pher John Dewey American Humorists George

Ade, Steve Allen, Woody Allen, Steven L Anreder, Rus- sell Baker, Robert Benchley, Ambrose Bierce, Erma Bombeck, Art Buchwald, Al Capp, Johnny Carson, Irwin

B Corey, ee cummings, Fin- ley Peter Dunne, TS Eliot, William Faulkner, Benjamin Franklin, Lewis Grizzard, Joel Chandler Harris, Bret Harte, O Henry, Oliver Wen- dell Holmes, Art Hoppe, Washington Irving, Vachel Lindsay, Don Marquis, Grou- cho Marx, HL Mencken, Ger- ald Nachman, Ogden Nash, George Jean Nathan, SJ Per- elman, James Whitcomb Ri- ley, Will Rogers, Leo Rosten, Damon Runyon, Morrie Rys- kind, Mort Sahl, R Emmett Tyrell, Jr, Mark Twain, Arte- mus Ward, Diane White, Rob- ert Yoakum

American Ice Master J a c k -

son Haines

American Illustrators A n t o n Otto Fischer, Howard Pyle, Norman Rockwell, N C Wy- eth

American Impressionist

Childe Hassam

American Industrial Painter

Charles Sheeler American Infidel C o l o n e l Robert G Ingersoll, agnostic attorney and public speaker, also known as the American Demosthenes; Luther Bur- bank

American Karl Marx Daniel De Leon—born in Curacao, educated in Germany and the Netherlands, founded the So- cialist Labor Party (SLP) and the International Workers of the World (IWW) in New York City

American Landscape Paint-

ers Albert Bierstad, George Caleb Bingham, James Brit- ton, Frederic Church, Thomas Cole, Arthur Dove, Asher Brown Durand, Edward Hop- per, Henry Inman, George In- ness, J Francis Murphy, Geor- gia O’Keeffe, Grant Wood, and Alexander Helwig Wyant

American Libertarian Philos- opher, Natural Scientist, Printer, and Publisher

Benjamin Franklin American Libertarians T h o - mas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Robert Ingersoll, Clarence Darrow

American Lighthouse Painter

Edward Hopper

American Lithographer

(Nathaniel) James (Merritt) Ives

American Medical Historian

William Henry Welch American Melodist S t e p h e n Foster American Modern J a c k s o n Pollock American Montaigne R a l p h Waldo Emerson

American National Composer

John Philip Sousa

American Neurologist

Extraordinary Silas Weir Mitchell

American Nine b e s t - k n ow n classical composers arranged chronologically: MacDowell,

Eponyms, Nicknames

Ives, Piston, Hanson, Gersh-

American Woodsman J o h n win, Copland, Barber, Hov-

American Primitive Painters

James Audubon haness, Bernstein

Edward Hicks, Grandma

Moses

American Wordsworth Will-

American Operetta Compos-

iam Cullen Bryant ers Irving Berlin, George M

American Propagandist Nov-

The Americas North, Central, Cohan, Victor Herbert, Jer-

elist Upton Sinclair

and South America; the West- ome Kern, Frederick Loewe,

American Prose-Poetry Novel-

ern Hemisphere Cole Porter, Richard Rodgers,

ist Thomas Wolfe

America’s Bermuda R h o d e Vincent Youmans

American Railroad Barons

Jay Gould; Edward H Harri-

Island’s Block Island

American Orator Extraordi-

America’s Best Girl Gertrude nary Robert G Ingersoll and

man; James J Hill; Collis P

Ederle, first woman to swim Franklin D Roosevelt

Huntington; William H

the English Channel American Paradise U.S. Vir-

Vanderbilt

America’s Burns John Green- gin Islands

American Rebel Upton Sin-

leaf Whittier American Patriot Author Th-

clair

America’s Cicero R i c h a r d omas Paine

American Samoan Port Pago

Henry Lee American Pestalozzi A m o s

Pago

America’s Dairyland Wiscon- Bronson Alcott

American Sappho S a r a h

Wentworth Apthorp Morton

sin

American Photographers of

America’s Devil’s Island mil- Distinction Berenice Ab-

of Braintree and Quincy,

itary prison at Fort Jefferson bott, Ansel Adams, Diane Ar-

Massachusetts

in the Dry Tortugas west of bus, Peter Beard, Mathew B

American Scott James Feni-

Key West, Florida Brady, Julia Margaret Cam-

more Cooper

America’s Finest City S a n eron, Robert Capa, Imogen

American Sculptors D a n i e l

Diego, California’s nickname Cunningham, Walker Evans,

Chester French, Borglum,

America’s First College H a r- Robert Frank, Arnold Genthe,

Brancusi, Epstein, Lachaise,

Manship, Moore, Smith, St

vard

Gaudens, Ward, and Zorach

America’s First Colonizers

Ralph Gibson, JK Hillers, William Henry Jackson, Ger-

Roger Williams of Rhode Is- trude Käsebier, Jill Krementz,

American Skeptic Philoso-

pher George Santayana

land and William Penn of

Pennsylvania Dorothea Lange, Clarence

American Socrates Benjamin

John Laughlin, Annie Leibo-

Franklin

America’s First Financier

vitz, J Ghislain Lootens,

Robert Morris Mary Ellen Mark, Edward

American Spokesmen for

Socialism Eugene V Debs,

America’s First Great Writer

Muybridge, Timothy O’Sulli-

Washington Irving, James van, Roy Pinney, Galen Row-

Daniel De Leon, and Norman

Fenimore Cooper, or Edgar ell, Edward Steichen, Alfred

Thomas

Allan Poe Stieglitz, Paul Strand, Edward

American Temple of Music

America’s First Poet P h i l i p Weston, Clarence H White,

Carnegie Hall

Frenau Margaret Bourke White,

Americans United Americans

America’s First Resort New- James Van Der Zee, Willard

United for Separation of

port, Rhode Island Van Dyke

Church and State (AUSCS)

America’s First Suffragist American Portrait Painters

American Virgin Islands S t

Thomas, St John, St Croix,

Abigail Smith Adams

and other Virgin Islands

America’s First Woman News-

James Britton, John Singleton Copley, Henry Inman, East-

American Virgins U.S. Virgin

paper Publisher Elizabeth Timothy of the South Caro-

man Johnson, John Singer

Islands

lina Gazette published in Sargent, Eugene Edward Spe-

American West Indies Amer-

Charleston icher, the Peale family, Gil-

ican Virgin Islands, Common-

bert Stuart, Thomas Sully,

wealth of Puerto Rico, islands

America’s Foremost Free-

thinker Robert Ingersoll James Abbott McNeill Whis-

of Culebra, Vieques, and Mona, Navassa, Swan Is-

America’s Forgotten Photog-

rapher Timothy O’Sullivan American Ports (see entries

tler

lands, Corn Islands, and cer-

America’s Godfather T h o - under states and territories

tain coral reefs in Caribbean

mas Paine such as Alabama Port, Amer-

American Womanist A l i c e

Walker

America’s Great Winter Gar-

ican Samoan Port, California

den Imperial Valley, Califor- Ports, etc.)

American Women Reformers

Jane Addams, Susan

nia

American Practical Naviga-

America’s Ice Box Alaska tor Nathaniel Bowditch

B(rownell) Anthony, Eliza-

America’s Inside Fun City American Pragmatist Trinity

beth Cady Stanton, Ida M(in-

New York (concert halls, the- John Dewey, William James,

erva) Tarbell, Lillian D Wald,

aters, opera houses, muse- Charles Sanders Pierce

and Frances Elizabeth Wil-

lard

ums)

Eponyms, Nicknames

America’s Largest State

Andrew Furuseth Anders An- Alaska

America’s Sweetheart M a r y

Pickford

dreassen

America’s Last Frontier

Andrew Garve Paul Winterton Alaska

America’s Tropical Islands

Hawaiian Islands and the Vir-

Andrew York C h r i s t o p h e r

America’s Last Great Wilder-

Nicole’s ness Alaska

gin Islands

America’s Wintergarden

Andropov Stalinist name for

America’s Leading Operetta

Rybinsk Composer Victor Herbert

Southern California’s Impe-

rial Valley

Angel of the Battlefield Clara

America’s Leading Proletar-

Barton ian Writer John Dos Passos

Amiable Atheist Paul Hein-

Angel of the Bottomless Pit America’s Most Famous Naval

rich Dietrich von Holbach,

the Devil Hero Admiral David G Far-

known to friends as Baron

angel dust p h e n cy c l i d i n e ragut

d’Holbach

Ami des Hommes (French—

(PCP)

America’s Most Useful Citi-

Angelenos residents of Los An- zen Jane Addams—author

Friend of Mankind)— Mar-

geles, California o f Tw e n t y Ye a r s a t

quis de Mirabeau

Angelic Doctor T h o m a s Hull-House

Ami du Peuple ( F r e n c h —

Friend of the People)—Jean

Aquinas

America’s Newest Big City

Angie Dickinson A n g e l i n e Miami, Florida

Paul Marat; the revolutionary

journal he edited

America’s No 1 Composer-

Brown Musician Aaron Copland

Amiri Baraka LeRoi Jones

Ammonia King E d wa r d

Angolan Ports A m b r i z ,

America’s Nonsense Poet

Mallinckrodt

Luanda, Porto Amboim,

Novo Redondo, Lobito, Ben- Ogden Nash

Amos and Andy Freeman F

guela, Mocamedes, Porto Al-

America’s Official Poets Lau-

exandre reate Robert Penn Warren,

Gosden and Charles J Correll

angora a breed of long-hair cat Richard Wilbur, Howard

Anarchist Geographers Prince

originally from Angora (An- seph Brodsky, Mona Van

Peter Kropotkin, Elisée Re-

Nemerov, Mark Strand, Jo-

kara), Turkey; long hair goats Duyn, Rita Dove, Robert

clus

or rabbits originally from An- Hass, Robert Pinsky, Stanley

Anarchist Protagonist Michael

gora; long and fluffy strands Kunitz

Bakunin

of wool America’s Oldest City St Au-

Anatole France Jacques Ana-

Angora Turkey’s old name for gustine, Florida

tole, François Thibault

Anatolia Asia Minor

Ankara; long-haired breeds of

America’s Outback Montana cats, goats, and rabbits

Anatomist of Humanity J e a n

Baptiste Poquelin Molière

America South of the Equator

Angora Goat Capital R o c k - American Samoa

Ancient Capital of England

Winchester

springs, Texas

America’s Outside Fun City

Angry Eagle of Aviation

General William (Billy) year-round outside sports)

Ancient Capital of Sweden

San Diego (bays, mountains,

Sigtuna

Ancient Universities of

Mitchell

America’s Poet Laureate

Animist Nation Dahomey Henry Wadsworth Longfel-

Ankara Ancyra or Angora low

England Cambridge and

Oxford

Andean America ( n o r t h t o

Anna Akhmatova Anna An-

America’s Practical Naviga-

dreyevna Gorenko tor Nathaniel Bowditch—

south) Venezuela, Colombia,

Annaba Bone, Algeria compiler of The American

Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Ar-

Annabella Suzanne Georgette Practical Navigator

gentina, Chile

Andean Common Market

Carpentier

America’s Premier Air

Anna O Bertha Pappenheim— Woman Amelia Earhart—

Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador,

feminist crusader against first aviatrix to fly across the

Peru, Venezuela (Andean Pact

white slavery and first person Atlantic

Nations)

to be psychoanalyzed America’s Premier City New

Andean Group Bolivia, Co-

Annapolis of the Air P e n s a - York

lombia, Ecuador, Peru, Vene-

zuela

cola, Florida

America’s Principal Port

Anna Seghers Netty Radvanyi New York

Andean Lands Argentina, Bo-

livia, Chile, Colombia, Ecua-

Anne Bancroft Anna Maria

America’s Proudest Musical

Italiano Possession Carnegie Hall

dor, Peru, Venezuela

Andrea del Sarto Andrea Do-

Anne Morrow Mrs Charles

America’s Road Rage Thera-

Lindbergh pist Arnold Norenberg

menico d’Agnolo di

Ann Harding Dorothy Gatley America’s Second City C h i -

Francesco

Annie Oakley Phoebe Anne cago

Andrei Sinyavsky A b r a m

Tertz

Oakley Mozee

America’s Star-Spangled Sati-

Annie’s Town Anniston, Ala- rist Mark Russell

Andre Maurois E m i l e

Salomon Wilhelm Herzog

bama

Eponyms, Nicknames

Ann Landers Esther Pauline

Apple Island Tasmania (Eppie) Lederer

Apostle of the Anglo-Saxons

Apple Islanders Tasmanians Ann Miller Lucille Ann Col-

Saint Augustine (first Arch-

Apple Isle Tasmania lier

bishop of Canterbury)

Apples Frank Kudelka (basket- Ann Sothern Harriette Lake

Apostle of Caledonia I r i s h -

ball player) Antananarivo Tananarive, the

born Saint Columbia

Appletalk trademark of Apple capital of the Malagasy Re-

Apostle of California Pa d r e

Corporation public (Madagascar)

Junipero Serra

Apron War Korean housewives Antarctica’s Claimants A r-

Apostle of Christian Realism

helped to defeat the Japanese gentina, Chile, Norway,

Reinhold Niebuhr

in 1592 by carrying rocks in United Kingdom, U.S.A.,

Apostle of Common Sense

their aprons for ammunition Russia

Voltaire

Apostle of Culture M a t t h ew

Aqueduct City R o c h e s t e r,

Antarctica’s Only Known

New York Active Volcano Mount Ere-

Arnold

Arab Africa northern Africa bus on Ross Island in the New

Apostle of Dissent Wi l l i a m

from Egypt to Morocco and Zealand sector

Penn

from Mauritania to the Sudan Antelope State Nebraska

Apostle of Enlightenment T h -

Arabia Deserta Desert Arabia Anthony Abbot Charles Ful-

omas Paine

in the northern sector of the ton Oursler

Apostle of Free Trade R i c h -

Arabian Peninsula Anthony Armstrong G e o rg e

ard Cobden

Arabia Felix Fertile Arabia Anthony Armstrong Willis

Apostle of the French S a i n t

also known as Aden, the Anthony Berkeley A n t h o ny

Denys

Hadhramaut, or Yemenite Berkeley Cox

Apostle of the Gentiles S a i n t

section Anthony Boucher Wi l l i a m

Paul (formerly Saul of Tarsus)

arabian arabian baboon; ara- Anthony Parker White

Apostle of Humanity T h o -

bian camel (one-humped Anthony Hope Sir Anthony

mas Paine

dromedary); arabian coffee; Hope Hawkins

Apostle of the Hungarians

arabian horse Anthony Quinn Anthony Ru-

Saint Anastasius

Arabian Arabian Desert; Ara- dolph Oaxaca

Apostle of the Indians Barto-

bian Peninsula of Arabian Anthracite City S c r a n t o n ,

lomé de Las Casas

Sea; inhabitant of Saudi Ara- Pennsylvania

Apostle of the Indies S a i n t

bia also called Saudi (plural Antid Oto Leon Trotsky

Francis Xavier

or singular) anti-gods marijuana cigarettes

Apostle of Ireland S a i n t

Arabian Gulf Persian Gulf anti-Semite anti-Jewish person

Patrick

Arabia Petraea Rocky Arabia Anti-Slavery President J o h n

Apostle of Liberty Benjamin

in the northwestern section of Quincy Adams

Franklin

Apostle of Mexican Rebellion

the Arabian Peninsula

Francisco I Madero

Anti-Trinitarian Author

arabic arabic numbers (1, 2, 3,

Apostle of New Zealand Rev-

Faustus Socinus, originally

4, 5, etc., as distinct from ro-

Fausto Sozzini man numbers—I, II, III, IV,

erend Samuel Marsden

Apostle of Reason P e t e r

V, etc.)

Anti-Trinitarian Martyr

Araucania region of central Michael Servetus, originally

Abelard

Chile south of Bío-Bío River Miguel Serveto

Apostle Rebel Dorothy Day

araucanos (Latin American anti-Zionist often anti-Semite

Apostle of the Rights of Man

nickname—Chileans or chil- Antsirane Diégo Suarez

Thomas Paine

enos )—sobriquet recalls the Apache State Arizona

Apostle of Sanity Epicurus

liberty-loving Araucanian In- Apis code name of Dragutin

Apostle of Science Roger Ba-

dians who were never con- Dimitrijevic, chief of Serbian

con

quered by the Spaniards army intelligence, who engi-

Apostle of the Scottish Refor-

Arch City St Louis, Missouri, neered the assassination of

mation John Knox

dominated by the Jefferson Austro-Hungarian Archduke

Apostles of Freedom S a m

National Expansion Memo- Franz Ferdinand providing

Adams and Thomas Paine

rial arch commemorating the the pretext for World War I in

Apostle of the Slavs St Cyril

Louisiana Purchase 1914

Apostle of the Sword M o -

hammed

Archeological Capital of

Apollinaire Guillaume Apolli-

Africa Cairo, Egypt naire, Wilhelm Apollinaris

Apostle of Temperance

Theobold Mathew

Archeological Capital of North

America C h i c h e n I t z a , Apollo of the Box Tony Mul-

Kostrowitski

Appeasement Premier N ev -

Mexico lane (baseball player)

ille Chamberlain

Apple Capital of Texas M e -

Archeological Capital of South

Apollyon The Devil

dina

America Cuzco, Peru

Apostle of Absolute Beauty

Apple Capital of the World

Archetypal American Painter

Jean Sibelius

Wenatchee, Washington

Jackson Pollock

Eponyms, Nicknames

Archie Moore A r c h i b a l d

Argentinian Ports Santa Fé,

Artist of the French Revolu-

tion Jacques Louís Davíd Archipiélago de Colón (Span-

Wright

Rosario, Zarate, Campana,

Arturo de Cordova A r t u r o ish—Columbus Archipelago)

Buenos Aires, La Plata, Mar

Garcia Ecuador’s official name for

del Plata, Puerto Belgrano,

Aruba’s Ports Sint Nicolaas the Galápagos Islands

Ingeniero White, Puerto

Madryn, Ushuaia

(Lago Refinery), Paarden

Architect of American Modern

Baai (Oranjestad), Druif Dance Martha Graham

Argyrol King Dr Albert C Bar-

nes

ARW 493 S t i g S ve r ke r

Architect of the Atomic Bomb

Foghammar J Robert Oppenheimer

Ariel of the Piano F r e d e r i c

Chopin

Ashcan School (see Eight)

Architect in Chief of St Peters

Ashenden W S o m e r s e t Raphael (Raffaello Santi)

Aristocles P l a t o ’s o r i g i n a l

name

Maugham

Architect of the Constitution

Ashland Henry Clay’s home in James Madison

Aristocrat of Sports billiards

Aristocrats of Beans l i m a

Lexington, Kentucky

Architect of Mexican Indepen-

ash-Sham (Arabic-northern) dence Padre Miguel Hidalgo

beans

Aristotle’s Lantern sea-urchin

well known as Damascus,

mouth parts

capital of Syria

Architect-Naturalist-Philoso-

Asian Subcontinent B a n g -

pher-Statesman-President

The Ark HMS Ark Royal

ladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Thomas Jefferson

Arkansawyer a native of Ar-

Sikkim, and Sri Lanka; Indian

Architect of the New Deal

kansas, also called Arkie

Peninsula Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Arkie Arkansas (or resident;

migratory worker from Ar-

Asia’s big five elephant, leop-

Architect of Non-Alignment

ard, rhinoceros, tiger, water Josip Broz Tito

kansas)

buffalo Architect President T h o m a s

Arkopolis Little Rock, Arkan-

Asmus Rasmus R a s m u s Jefferson

sas

Meyer Museum, Bergen, Arctic Arctic Current flowing

Arletty Arlette-Léonie Bathiat

Norway; Miller south from Baffin Bay and

(French actress)

Asparagus Capital I s l e t o n , Greenland to cool the coasts

Armageddon Meggido, Pales-

California of Labrador, Newfoundland

tine where the British de-

Asperger’s Disorder f o r m o f and most of New England;

feated the Turks in 1918

early infantile autism Arctic Ocean washing the

Arminius Jacobus Arminius

Asphaltic Lake the Dead Sea north coast of Asia, Europe,

(originally Jacob Harmensen)

Arms-control President

Assemblyman from the Bow-

and North America including

ery Al Smith (Alfred E Alaska and Canada

George Bush

Smith) Arctic big three muskox, po-

Arnhem Land northern end of

Associated States Caribbean lar bear, walrus

island states (Antigua-St Arctic Canada Northwest Ter-

Australia’s Northern Territory

K i t t s - N ev i s , D o m i n i c a , ritories and the Yukon

Arnold Bennett Enoch Arnold

Grenada, St Lucia, St Vin- Arctic Lands Alaska, Canada,

Bennett

cent) Greenland, Iceland, Norway,

Arrowhead Herman Melville’s

Assyrian Century the 7th cen- Sweden, Finland, Russia

home in Pittsfield, Massachu-

tury before the Christian era Arctic Territories C a n a d i a n

setts

when Assyria ruled the Mid- Northwest Territories

Arroyo del Ajo ( S p a n i s h —

dle East and conquered Arctogaea landmass including

Garlic Gulch)—John Stein-

Egypt—the 600s Africa, Asia, Europe, and

beck’s name for his home

near Los Gatos. California

astrakhan astrakhan cloth or

astrakhan wool of the type Ardent City Liège, Belgium

Arsenal of the Nation C o n -

North America

necticut

Art Capital New York City

originally clipped from sheep

Ardent Conservationist

native to Astrakhan on the

Caspian in the delta of the Rachel Carson

Art Center of Rhode Island

Volga Area 51 unidentified flying ob-

Wickford

Astrodome City H o u s t o n , ject aficionados’ term for se-

Art Center of the Southwest

Texas cret U S Air Force base north

Taos, New Mexico

Astronaut President J o h n of Las Vegas, Nevada

Artemus Ward Charles Farrar

Fitzgerald Kennedy Argentina La Argentina (Anto-

Browne (19th-century Amer-

Astronomical Prophet G a l i - nia Mercé y Luque)

ican humorist)

Artesian State South Dakota

leo Galilei

Argentina’s Principal Port

Asylum for Talent J a c q u e s Buenos Aires

Arthritis Season autumn

Copeau’s Theatre du Vieux Argentinian First Argentina’s

Artichoke Capital C a s t r o -

Colombier best known classical com-

ville, California; Watsonville,

Atacama Atacama Desert of poser—Alberto Ginastera

California

Artie Shaw Arthur Arshawsky

northern Chile

Eponyms, Nicknames

Ataturk ( Tu r k i s h — C h i e f

Aurelian Century the 100s— Turk) General-President

Atlantic Scandinavia D e n -

reign of Roman emperor-phi- Mustafa Kemal—first presi-

mark, Iceland, Norway

losopher Marcus Aurelius— dent of Turkey

Atlantique (French—Atlantic

the 2nd century The Atheist P e r cy B y s s h e

Ocean)—also name of the

Aussieland Australia Shelley

Breguet maritime-patrol air-

Australia Felix (Latin—Happy Atheist Penologist J e r e m y

craft BR-1150

Australia)—fertile central Bentham

Atoll Soviet Sidewinder-type

Victoria in southeastern Aus- Atheist Poetess Ellen Prouse

missile

tralia Mardan

Atoll Nation Nauru

Australian Alps mountains of Atheist Poets Heinrich Heine,

Atomic Age Capital Los Ala-

New South Wales and Victo- Percy Bysshe Shelley, Walt

mos, New Mexico

ria Whitman

Atomic Capital of America

Australian Atheist Phillip Ad- Atheist’s Bible T h o m a s

Richland, Washington

ams Paine’s The Age of Reason

Atomic Cities L o s A l a m o s ,

New Mexico; Oak Ridge,

Australian Commonwealth

Athenian Century the 5th cen-

tury before the Christian era Australia and its territories

Tennessee; Richland, Wash-

when the Athenians destroyed Australian Desert 1,300,000-

ington

the Persian fleet and com- square-mile area (530,000 pleted the Parthenon—the

Atomic City Los Alamos, New

hectares) in central and west- 400s

Mexico and Oak Ridge, Ten-

ern Australia Athens of Alabama Tu s c a -

nessee

Australian Dominion Austra- loosa

Atomic Energy City O a k

lia and its territories Athens of Arkansas Fa y -

Ridge, Tennessee

Australian Ports Port Kennedy, etteville

A-town Allentown

Cairns Harbour, Townsville, Athens of America Boston

Atterdag (Danish—Another

Day)—King Valdemar IV

Port of Bowen, Port of

Athens of Hispanic America

Mackay, Rockhampton, Bogotá

Attic Muse the Athenian histo-

Gladstone, Maryborough, Athens of the North E d i n -

rian Xenophon

Brisbane, Clarence River, burgh, Scotland

Attorney for the Damned

Clarence Darrow

Port Waratah, Newcastle,

Athens of the Northwest

Sydney, Port Kembla, Mel- Faribault, Minnesota

Audrey Hepburn E d d a va n

b o u r n e , Wi l l i a m s t ow n , Athens of the South N a s h -

Heemstra

Geelong, Portland, Port Ade- ville, Tennessee

Augustan Age Latin litera-

laide, Port Vincent, Port Pirie, Athens of Texas Waco

ture’s golden era when

Port Augusta, Whyalla, Port Athens of the West L ex i n g -

Horace, Livy, Ovid, and Vir-

Lincoln, Albany, Busselton, ton, Kentucky

gil flourished during the reign

Bunbury, Freemantle, Perth, Atlanta-Fulton Atlanta-Ful-

of the Emperor Augustus (27

G e r a l d t o n , C a r n a r vo n , ton County Stadium

B.C. to A.D. 14)

Broome, Wyndham, Darwin, Atlantic Bitch Atlantic Beach

Augustina de Aragon Augus-

tina Domenech Zaragoza

Gove, Hobart (in Tasmania

along with Burnie, Devon- Atlantic Canada L a b r a d o r

Au 2 H 2 O former Arizona Sena-

port, Beauty Point, Launce- and Newfoundland, New

tor Barry Goldwater (1908–

Brunswick, Nova Scotia,

ton) Prince Edward Island,

Australian States New South Québec

Auld Ane (Scottish Gaelic—

Wales, Queensland, South Atlantic Community NATO

Old One)—the devil

Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, nations

Auld Brig o’ Don D u n d e e ,

Western Australia Atlantic Highlands H i g h -

Scotland’s Brig o’ Balgownie

Australian Territories Austra- lands of the Navesink around

(brig = bridge)

lian Antarctic; Australian Sandy Hook, New Jersey

Auld Clootie (Scottish Gaelic—

Capital Territory (Canberra); Atlantic Narrows r e l a t ive l y

Old Cloven)—cloven-footed

Northern Territory, Christmas restricted area uniting North

devil

Island; Cocos Islands; Coral and South Atlantic between

Auld Reekie (Scottish Gaelic—

Sea Islands Territory; Heard bulge of Africa and bulge of

Old Smelly)—smogbound

and McDonald Islands; Nor- Brazil, Freetown and Natal

Edinburgh

fold Island Atlantic Ocean Edens We s t

Auld Sod (Scottish Gaelic—

Old Land)—Scotland

Australia’s Little England

Indies before European settle-

Tasmania ment

auntie old homosexual

Aunt Jane Tia Juana (river

Austrian Emperor of Mexico

Atlantic Provinces New Bruns-

Ferdinand Maximillian von wick, Newfoundland, Nova

separating Tijuana, Mexico

Hapsburg, also known as Max Scotia, Prince Edward Island

and San Ysidro, California)

Aunty Vicky Queen Victoria

of Baden

Eponyms, Nicknames

Austrian Quintet c l a s s i c a l

Babinski Sign curling of toes composers Haydn, Mozart,

Avon Avon Books; Avonmouth

upward after infancy Schubert, Bruckner, Mahler

(Port of Bristol); Avon Water

Babs Barbara Austrian Waltz Kings Joseph

(flowing from Ayrshire to La-

Babushka (Russian—grand- Lanner, Johann Strauss, and

nark); Avonwick (Devon-

mother)—Ekaterina Breshk- his son Johann Strauss Jr

shire)

The Awakened One S i d -

ovskaya, revolutionary leader

Author of the Declaration of

Baby Bells phone companies Independence Thomas Jef-

dhartha Gautama (Buddha)

formed after breakup of ferson

Awakener of Bulgaria

George Venelin

AT&T

Author of the First Amend-

Baby Boomers people born af- ment James Madison

Awakening Moon full moon in

March

ter World War II, from 1946

Author of the first draft of the

Axis Salty Mildred E Gillars,

to 1964

Declaration of Indepen-

Baby Boom Generation nick- dence Thomas Paine

American traitor convicted of

treason for broadcasting Nazi

name for the seventy-six mil-

Author of the Virginia Statute

lion people born from 1946 to for Religious Freedom Th-

propaganda during World

War II

omas Jefferson The Baby Bull O r l a n d o

axminster eponymic name for

Cepeda (baseball player) seph Campbell

good grade carpets and rugs

Authority on Mythology J o -

originally made in the English

town of Axminster in Devon-

Baby Doc Haitian dictator

Autocrat of All the Russias

Jean-Claude Duvalier Czar Nicholas II

Baby Langdon Harry Lang- Autocrat of Austria P r i n c e

shire; modern axminsters of-

don Clemens Wenzel Lothar von

ten copy well-known oriental

designs

Babylon Miami, Florida Metternich

Ayrshire Poet Robert Burns

born in Alloway, Ayrshire,

Baby Lucille Lucille Vore

Autocrat of the Breakfast

Baby Ruth Ruth Cleveland, Table Dr Oliver Wendell

Scotland

daughter of Grover and Holmes

Azalea Trail City Lafayette,

Frances Cleveland Autocrat of Commerce Ve n -

Louisiana

Baby State Arizona in 1912 ice

Azania African nationalist

name for the Republic of

when admitted to statehood

George Spencer Cavendish, Automobile City D e t r o i t ,

Automobile Capital of the

Bachelor Duke Wi l l i a m World Detroit, Michigan

South Africa

Aztecan and Incan Century

the 1000s—great stone struc-

the Sixth Duke of Devonshire

Bachelor Painter Sir Joshua Michigan

tures in Mexico and Peru are

Reynolds Automobile State Michigan

mute witnesses to these indig-

Bachelor President J a m e s Automobile Wizard H e n r y

enous American cultures—

Buchanan—fifteenth Presi- Ford

the 11th century

dent of the United States Auto State Michigan

Aztec State Arizona

Back Bay Boston’s old resi- Aux Cayes former name of Les

Aztec two-step loose bowels

dential section built on mud Cayes, Haiti

acquired in Mexico, the land

flats reclaimed from Boston Ava Gardner Lucy Johnson

of the Aztecs

Bay Avalon Somerset region of

Aztec type microcephalic idi-

Backbone of Asia the Himala- southwestern England be-

ocy

yas lieved to be Avalon of Arthu-

Azure Coast Côte d’Azur on

the French Riviera

Backbone of the Confederacy

rian legend; resort port of Cat-

the Mississippi River alina Island off Los Angeles,

Azure Sea L a ke R u d o l f ,

Backbone of England P e n - California

Kenya

nine Hills; Pennine Ridge Avenue of the Americas N ew

B B King Riley B King

Backbone of Europe the Alps York City’s Sixth Avenue

Baal Shem-Tov ( H e b r ew —

Kind Master of the Holy

Aviation City Seattle, Wash-

Name)—Israel Ben Eliezer

Backbone of North America

the Rockies ington

Babar Jean de Brunhoff’s story-

book elephant; Zahir ud-Din Muhammad (founder of In-

Backbone of South America

Aviation Historian O c t ave

the Andes Chanute

Backfire Soviet strategic su- Avicenna Arabian astronomer-

dia’s Mogul dynasty)

personic bomber equivalent mathematician-physician

Babe Ruth George Herman

to the North American-Rock- Abu ibn Sina (980–1037)

Ruth, the Sultan of Swat

well B-1 Aviocar Spanish transport air-

Babe Ruth’s Legs S a m m y

Back-of-Beyond A u s t r a l i a ’s craft designated C-212

Byrd (baseball player)

sparsely inhabited interior Avocado County San Diego

Babeuf Francois Noël

Back Home Again State Indi- County, California

Babinski Reflex curling of toes

upward when foot is stroked

ana

Eponyms, Nicknames

Bactrian Sage Z o r o a s t e r

Bangladesh Ports Chalna An- (founder of the Magian reli-

Balkan Peninsula b e t w e e n

chorage, Chittagong, Cox’s gion and native of Bactria)

Adriatic and Black seas and

Bazar Bad Boy of Music G e o rg e

terminating between the Ae-

Banjo Andrew Barton Paterson Antheil

gian and Ionian peninsulas

of Australia Bad Boys of 57th Street t h e

Balkans Albania, Bulgaria,

Banjo Eyes Eddie Cantor (Ed- New York Philharmonic in its

Croatia, Greece, Romania,

ward Israel Itskowitz) post-Toscanini period

Slovenia and European sec-

Banjo Joe Gus Cannon bad cholesterol low-density li-

tion of Turkey

The Bank The Bank of En- poprotein

balloons drugs such as heroin

gland Badger NATO nickname for

packaged in toy balloons

Bankwire trademark of US Soviet Tupolev medium

Balthus Count Balthazar Klos-

Banking and Settlement Ser- bomber (Tu-16)

sowski de Rola

vice Badger(s) Wisconsinite(s)

Baltic Baltic Sea between Den-

Banner Cloud forms on the Badger State Wisconsin

mark, Estonia, Finland, Ger-

lee side of a mountain Badlands arid and eroded areas

many, Latvia, Lithuania, Po-

Banner State Texas of Nebraska and South Da-

land, Russia, Sweden

Baotou (Pinyin Chinese— kota

Baltic Republics E s t o n i a ,

Paotou) Bad News Jim Barnes (basket-

Latvia, Lithuania

Bapu (Gujerati—father)—Ma- ball player); Odell Hale

Baltic Scandinavia F i n l a n d

hatma Gandhi’s title (baseball player)

and Sweden (Denmark some-

Bar Barbara Baffin Basin deeper parts of

times included although

much of its coast is on the

Barão de Rio Branco (Baron

Rio Branco) José María de Island and Greenland

Arctic Ocean between Baffin

Atlantic)

Silva Paranhos bag drugs packaged in balloons

Baltimore beefsteak b r o i l e d

Barbadian Ports S p e i g h t - or paper bags

liver’s military nickname in

stown, Bridgetown Bagdad by the Bay San Fran-

the US

Barbara Bel Geddes Barbara cisco

Baltimore Oracle HL Mencken

Geddes Lewis Bagdad-on-Hudson New York

Balzac Honoré de Balsa

Barbara Stanwyck R u b y Bagdad on the Subway o n e

Bambino G e o rg e H e r m a n

Stevens of O Henry’s nicknames for

(Babe) Ruth

Barbara Ward Lady Jackson New York City; He also called

Bamboo Curtain old name for

(wife of Sir Robert Jackson) it the City of Razzle Dazzle

the barrier between anti-com-

munist and communist coun-

Barbarossa nickname of red-

Bag Town San Diego, Califor- bearded Frederick I of the

tries of Southeast Asia

nia, where sailors tote sea- Holy Roman Empire; Bar- bags

Banaba Ocean Island near the

barossa I (Koruk) and Bar- Bahamian Ports F r e e p o r t

Gilberts in the equatorial mid-

Pacific Ocean

barossa II (Khaireddin) were

Greek-born Algerian pirates (Grand Bahama), Bimini

Banana Benders Queensland

Barbary Coast North African (Bimini Islands), Nassau

Australians

(New Providence), Matthew coast; San Francisco’s water-

banana boat cargo vessel built

Town (Great Inagua) front district a century ago

to carry bananas

Bahraini Ports Al Manamah Barbary States Algeria, Libya Harbour, Mina Sulman, Sitra

Banana City Brisbane

Bananaland Queensland, Aus-

(Tripolitania), Morocco, Tu-

nisia Baiá de Guanabara ( P o r t u -

tralia

Barbecue Bob Robert Hicks guese—Guanabara Bay)—

Bananalanders p e o p l e o f

Queensland, Australia

Barbed Wire Capital of the

World DeKalb, Illinois Baird Leonard Mrs Harry S

Rio de Janeiro’s inner harbor

Banda Oriental ( S p a n i s h —

Barbellion WNP Barbellion Clair Zogbaum

Eastern Ribbon)—Uruguay

(pseudonym of Frederick Baked Beans Massachusett-

Band City Elkhart, Indiana

Cummings) sans

Bandit Queen of the Old West

The Barber Sal Maglie (base- Baked Bean State Massachu-

Belle Starr

ball) setts

Bane of the Bureaucrats Par-

Barber Poet Provencal poet Bakst Leon Bakst (originally

kinson’s Law

Jacques Jasmin—a barber by Rozenberg)

banewort Atropa belladonna’s

profession, also called the Balanchine Georgi Balanchi-

(also called beautiful lady,

Last of the Troubadors vadze

deadly nightshade, or death’s

Barbs Barbados island or peo- Bald Eagle Frank Isbell (base-

herb)

ple ball player)

bangkok bangkok hat (straw

Barca the Carthaginian M a - bale 100 to 500 pounds of mar-

hat of a type first woven in

harbal ijuana compressed

Bangkok); bangkok straw

bar code Universal Product Baleful Prophet Cassandra

(Siamese straw used in mak-

ing baskets and hats)

Code

Eponyms, Nicknames

Bard of Avon William Shakes-

Barry Fitzgerald Wi l l i a m

Battleground of Freedom

Kansas during ten years of Bard of Ayrshire Robert Burns

peare

Shields

debate over slavery Bard of Olney William Cow-

Barrymore family containing

Battle of Seattle November 19, per

some of America’s best be-

1999, police clash with pro- Bard of Prose Boccaccio

loved actors (Lionel, Ethel,

testers at World Trade Orga- Bard of Sheffield James Mont-

John—children of Maurice

nization conference gomery

and Georgiana Barrymore)—

actual surname was Blythe

Battling Battalino Christo-

Bard of the Stumblebum

pher Battalino (boxer) Nelson Algren

Barry Perowne Philip Atkey

Battling Bob Robert M La Fol- Bard of Twickenham A l ex -

Barry Sullivan Patrick Barry

lette, Sr ander Pope

Barton Cannon Barton Dan-

Battling Levinsky B a r n ey Barefoot Diva Cesaria Evora

zilio

Lebrowitz (boxer) Barefoot King of Cocos J o h n

Basil Rathbone L aw r e n c e

Battling Nelson Oscar Nielson Clunies-Ross (owner of the

Northrup

(boxer) Cocos or Keeling Islands in

Basket of Eggs hills of Downs

Batumskaya formerly Batum the South Indian Ocean)

in Northern Ireland

Bauhaus German school of Baritone-Conductor Dietrich

Basque Provinces á 1 ava ,

modern industrial design Fischer-Dieskau

Guipúizcoa, and Viscaya,

linking art and technology, Barney Barnato Barnett Bar-

Spain

headed by architect Walter nato (Barnett Isaacs)

Basra belly Persian Gulf diar-

Gropius Baron Britten Edward Ben-

rhea

Bay Bay of Bengal, Biscay jamin Britten

Bastille by the Bay San Quen-

(nicknamed Biscuits by sail- Baron Burnham E d wa r d

tin prison in San Francisco

ors), Boston, Charleston, Levy-Lawson

Bay

Fundy, Holland, Islands, Baron Corvo Frederick Will-

Bastion of the Caribbean Pu-

Laig, Mission, Naples, New iam Rolfe

erto Rico

York, Panama, Pigs, River, Baron Cuvier G e o rg e s

Basutoland former name of

San Diego, San Francisco, Léopold Chrétien Frédéric

Lesotho

State, Street, Whales; The Dagobert

Bataan Death March 65-mile

Bay—Algoa Bay or Port Eliz- Baron de Reuter Israel Beer

march by American and Fili-

abeth Bay in South Africa Josaphat (founder of Reuter’s

pino prisoners of Japanese

The Bay Hudson’s Bay Com- news agency)

troops in 1942 (World War II)

pany (see Bay) Baroness Orczy Mrs Montagu

Batavia D u t c h n a m e f o r

Bay of Biscuits (naval nick- Bartstow—author of The

Djakarta; former name of

name—Bay of Biscay) Scarlet Pimpernel

Djakarta, Indonesia; Roman

Bay Cities cities surrounding Baronet Peel R o b e r t P e e l

name for the Netherlands

San Francisco Bay (former Prime Minister of

Batavian Republic name for

Bay City San Francisco Great Britain)

the Netherlands during the

Bay of Gold San Francisco Baron Grenville Wi l l i a m

French Revolutionary wars

Bay Wyndham Grenville (former

(1795 to 1806); the Nether-

Bayou City Houston, Texas Prime Minister of Great Brit-

lands during rule of Louis

Bayou State Louisiana, Mis- ain)

Bonaparte (1806–1810)

sissippi Baron Lugard Frederick John

Bath City Mt Clemens, Michi-

Bay of Pigs C u b a ’s s o u t h Dealtry Lugard

gan

coastal Bahía de Cochinos Baron Munchausen R u d o l f

Bat Masterson William Bar-

where an unsuccessful at- Erich Raspe

clay Masterson

tempt was made to liberate Baron Passfield Sidney Webb

Battenberg Mountbatten

Cubans from Castro’s rule Baron Stiegel i r o n m a s t e r

Battery old seawall containing

Bay State Massachusetts Henry William Stiegel

gun emplacements in

Bay Stater(s) M a s s a c h u s e t - Baron Tweedsmuir J o h n

Charleston, South Carolina,

tan(s) Buchan

Manhattan Island in New

Bay Street financial center of Barr body inactivated X chro-

York

the Bahamas in Nassau on mosome (for Murray L Barr)

Battle-Born State N eva d a —

admitted as territory in 1848

New Providence Island; fi-

Barrington Island, Galápagos

nancial center of Canada in Santa Fé

following the Mexican War

Toronto, Ontario Barrio Chino (Spanish—Chi-

Battlefield City Gettysburg,

BB King Riley B King nese Quarter)—Barcelona’s

Pennsylvania

BBB Big Bronze Buddha (in brothel area close to the wa-

Battlefield of the Nations

Kamakura, Japan) terfront

Leipzig in Germany in 1813;

b-dacs armed agents of the Bu- Barry Cornwall Bryan Waller

Plain of Esdraelen in Israel

reau of Drug Control Procter

between Megiddo and Naza-

reth; Waterloo in Belgium

Beagles Virginians

Eponyms, Nicknames

Bean Town Boston, Massa-

Belle City of the Lakes R a - chusetts

Beemer BMW (Bavarian Motor

cine, Wisconsin beans barbiturates

Works) car or motorcycle

Belle Riviere (see La Belle bears law-enforcement officers

Beer City Milwaukee

Riviere) Bears Kentuckians

Beethoven Town Bonn, Ger-

Belle Starr Myra Bell Shirley Bear State Arkansas, Ken-

many—birthplace of Ludwig

bellman buster rolling suitcase tucky

van Beethoven

Bell Rock Inchcape Rock off The Beast Jimmie Foxx (base-

Beetle Juice (American na-

the Forfarshire coast of Scot- ball player)

valese—Betelgeuse)—vari-

able giant red star of the first

land, the subject of Robert

Beast of the Apocalypse

Southey’s Ballad of Inchcape Aleister Crowley

magnitude in the constella-

Rock Beat Generation group of writ-

tion of Orion

Bell Town East Hampton, Con- ers including Allen Ginsburg,

Bee Wee nickname for a Brit-

necticut William S Burroughs, Jack

ish West Indian

Belly of Paris Les Halles Kerouac and others; "beat" is

Beggars of the Sea Dutch pi-

Beloved City of El Greco To- short for beatitude —the idea

rates and privateers

ledo, Spain that the downtrodden are

Beige Book regional economic

Beloved Friend Nadejda von saintly

survey conducted by the

Meek (Tchaikovsky’s patron- The Beatles George Harrison,

United States Federal Re-

ess and lifetime friend he John Winston Lennon, James

serve Board

never met) Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr

Beige Toaster Macintosh com-

Beloved Infidel Colonel Rob- (Richard Starkey)

puter

ert Ingersoll Beatrice Arthur B e r n i c e

Bela Lugosi B e l a F e r e n c

Beloved Violinist Fritz Kreisler Frankel

Blasko

Bel Anglais (French—Hand-

Below Sea-Level Cities Braw-

Beautiful City by the Sea

ley and El Centro, California Portland, Maine

some Englishman)—nick-

Ben Block a British sailor Beautiful Kingdom t r a n s l a -

name of John Churchill—

Ben Cur Benguela Current tion of China’s name for the

Duke of Marlborough

Ben Day Process photoengrav- United States of America

Belgeek(s) B e l g i a n ( s ) — s o -

ing process (for Benjamin Beauty Dave Bancroft (base-

called by American, British,

Day, 1838–1916) ball player)

and Canadian armed forces

Bender-Gestalt Test measures Beauvoir last residence of Jef-

during World War II

personality and assesses func- ferson Davis (in Mississippi)

belgian Belgian griffon (small

tional and organic disorders Beaver State Oregon

black or reddish-black ter-

rier); Belgian horse (draft

Benemérito de las Américas

bebop jazz-style music of the

(Spanish— Meritorious Man 1950s

horse); Belgian hare (rabbit);

of the Americas)—the Mexi- Bechuana bill an African diar-

Belgian sheepdog

can Indian Benito Juárez rhea

Belgian Congo colonial pos-

session of Belgium from 1884

Ben-Gurion (Hebrew—Son of

to 1963; Zaire

Beck Depression Inventory

a Lion)—name adopted by

questionnaire used to diag- David Green nose depression and its sever-

Belgian East Africa f o r m e r

Benin Ports Cotonou, Kpeme ity

name of Rwanda

Belgian Ports Antwerpen (An-

Benjies hundred-dollar bills

bearing the portrait of Amer- Beck(y) Rebecca

vers), Bruxelles (Brussel),

ica’s Benjamin Franklin Bedlam nickname of the Beth-

Gente (Gand), Brugge

Ben Kingsley Krishna Banji lehem Royal Hospital

(Bruges), Zeebrugge, Blan-

founded in London in 1247 bennies benzedrine pills

kenberge, Oostende (Ostend),

Benny Leonard B e n j a m i n Beedle General Walter Bedell

Nieuwpoort (Nieuport)

Leiner (boxer) Smith

Belgium Film Pioneer

Benoulli’s Principle p r e s s u r e Beef Barons Armour, Cudahy,

Jacques Feyder

of water against sides of a Morris, Swift

Belial The Devil

wooden pipe decreases as the Beefeaters Her (His) Majesty’s

Believing Unbeliever S u -

velocity of the water in- Honourable Corps of Gentle-

preme Court Justice Felix

creases (observation of men at Arms

Frankfurter

Daniel Benoulli, Swiss math- Beef-heads Texans

Belize formerly capital of Brit-

ematician in mid-1700s) Beef State Nebraska; Texas

ish Honduras and continuing

Ben and Pen Benjamin Frank- Bee Gee British Guiana (now

seaport of Belize, whose cap-

lin and William Penn called Guyana)

ital is inland Belmopan

bent-nail syndrome P ey r o - Beehive of Industry P r ov i -

Belle of Amherst Emily Dick-

nie’s disease wherein the pe- dence, Rhode Island

inson

nis is bent out of shape Beehive State Utah

Belle City of the Bluegrass

Benzer’s Raiders b i o l o g i s t Beelzebub The Devil

Region Lexington, Ken-

tucky

Seymour Benzer’s students

Eponyms, Nicknames

Bering Bering Sea extension of

Big Ditch Panama Canal the North Pacific Ocean

Bien Aime (French—Well Be-

Big Drink Atlantic or Pacific Berks the Beautiful Pennsyl-

loved)—Louis XV

Ocean vania’s Berks County

Big A Anaheim Stadium, Ana-

Big-D of the West D e nve r, Berkshires Berkshire Hills of

heim, California; Atlanta,

Colorado western Connecticut and

Georgia in the Southeast;

Big-E aircraft carrier USS En- Massachusetts

Amarillo, Texas in the South-

terprise Berlin Bach K a r l P h i l i p p

west; underworld nickname

Big Easy New Orleans, Louisi- Emanuel Bach—also nick-

of the Federal Penitentiary in

ana named Hamburg Bach

Atlanta, Georgia Big Apple New York City

Bermuda High high-pressure

player) system in the Atlantic Ocean

Big Ben aircraft carrier USS

Big Ed Ed Delahanty (baseball

The Big Eight I owa S t a t e , tween Bermuda, Cape Hat-

Franklin; battleship USS

Bermuda Triangle a r e a b e -

Franklin; huge bell attached

Kansas State, Colorado, Kan- teras, and Key West in the

to clock in Parliament tower,

sas, Missouri, Nebraska, western North Atlantic—also

Westminster district of Lon-

Oklahoma, Oklahoma State called the Devil’s Triangle or

don, named after Sir Ben-

(college sports) the Limbo of the Lost because

jamin Hall, commissioner of

Big Finger Australia’s Cape of the many planes and ships

works in 1859 when bell was

York Peninsula lost in the area; area is also

hung

Big Five (British banks) Bar- said to be between Bermuda,

Big Bend big bend of the Rio

clays, Lloyds, Midland, Na- Florida, and Puerto Rico

Grande—bounding southern

tional Provincial, Westmin- Bernese Oberland B e r n e s e

section of the Big Bend Na-

ster Alps

tional Park on the Texas bor-

Big Five System ex t r ove r t , Bernhardt Sarah Bernhardt—

der of Mexico

agreeable, conscientious, stage name of Rosine Bernard

Big Benders Tennesseans

emotional stability, and open- Berry City Woodburn, Oregon

Big Bend State Tennessee

ness to experience (five basic Berserkeley Berkeley, Califor-

Big Bertha World War I how-

components of personality) nia

itzer capable of hurling a

Big Four ABC, CBS, Fox, and Bertholt Brecht Eugen Ber-

one-ton projectile nine miles.

NBC television networks (in thold Friedrich Brecht

named for a member of the

late 1990s); at the Johns Hop- Bertie Bertrand A Russell—

Krupp family

kins Medical School—Will- English philosopher

Big Bill Broonzy William Lee

iam Howard Welch, William Bert Lahr Irving Lahreim

Conley

Osler, Howard Atwood Kelly, Bert Parks Bert Jacobson

Big Bill Haywood Wi l l i a m

William Stewart Halsted; bessel bessel equation, bessel

Dudley Haywood (founder of

IWW)

California railroad builders

Charles Crocker, Mark Hop- function, or bessel method

Big Blue IBM Corporation

kins, Collis P Huntington, and (named for the German 19th-

Big Board New York Stock

Leland Stanford; civil-rights century astronomer Friedrich

Exchange

leaders of the 1960s: Martin Wilhelm Bessel)

Big Boy Arthur Crudry; largest

bessemer bessemer converter

type of steam locomotive

Luther King, Jr., James

Farmer, Roy Wilkins, and or bessemer steel (named for

from World War II era

Whitney Young; Cleveland, its English inventor, Sir

Big Brother big government’s

Cincinnati, Chicago, and St Bessie Love Juanita Horton

Henry Bessemer)

watchful eye as described in

George Orwell’s 1984

Louis; Great Britain, France,

Italy, and the United States at Betel Nut Island Penang, Ma-

Big Burg New York City

the end of World War I, their laysia

big C cancer; cocaine

representatives at the Peace Betsytown Elizabeth, New Jer-

The Big Cat J o h n ny M i z e

Conference—Lloyd George, sey

(baseball player)

Georges Clemenceau, Vit- Betty Carter Lillie Mae Jones

Big Charlie Charles de Gaulle

torio Orlando, and Woodrow Betty Grable Elizabeth Grasle

Big Chief mescaline

Wilson Beverly Sills Belle Silverman

Big Crocodile P W Botha

Big Four Automakers G e n - Bharat Republic of India

big D hallucinogen such as di-

eral Motors, Ford, Chrysler, Biandrata Giorgio Blandrata

ethyltryptamine, dimethyl-

American Motors (nickname Bible Belt rural areas of the

tryptamine, dipropyl-

from the mid to late 1900s) southern United States

phyptamine

Big Four Opera Houses Cov- biblioklept book stealer

Big-D Dallas, Texas

ent Garden in London, La Bi-City Port Gdansk-Gdynia,

Big Dan Daniel Joseph Tobin

Scala in Milan, Staatsoper in Poland

Big Dipper ladle-shaped con-

stellation of Ursa Major

Vienna, The Met in New York

Bicycle Capital of the United

Big Friend B - 2 4 o r B - 1 7 States Missoula, Montana

The Big Dipper Wilt Cham-

berlain (basketball player)

bomber

Eponyms, Nicknames

Biggest City in South Georgia

Bing Crosby Harry Crosby nickname for Jacksonville,

Big Poison Paul Waner (base-

Binky pacifier Florida

ball player)

Big Red cardinal (the bird);

Biographer of Thomas Paine

Biggest Little City Reno, Ne-

Moncure D Conway vada

racehorse Man-o’-War

Biologist of the Mind S i g - Big Heart of Texas Austin

Big Red Machine Cincinnati

mund Freud Bighouse C l a r e n c e G a i n e s

Cardinals

Bip Marcel Marceau (basketball)

Big Seven Britain, Canada,

Bird Charlie Parker Big Inch 24-inch pipeline car-

France, Germany, Italy, Ja-

The Bird medical respirator rying petroleum products

pan, United States

(for Forrest Bird) from east Texas to the New

Big Six Eldon Auker; New

Bird Dog Cessna L-19 liaison York-Philadelphia area

York City’s Typographical

aircraft Big Island Hawaii (largest of

Union Number Six

Bird of Happiness J a p a n ’s the Hawaiians); Vancouver Is-

Big Sky Country Montana

redcrowned crane land, British Columbia

Big Smoke old nickname of

Bird Man Mike Barnett (bas- big J big John (slang— police-

London, England as well as

ketball player) man or other law-enforce-

Sydney, New South Wales

Bird of Paradise b r i l l i a n t l y ment officer)

Big Steel U S Steel Corpora-

plumed male perching birds Big-J battleship USS New Jer-

tion

in New Guinea area sey

Big T Tucson, Arizona

Bird-of-Paradise Island L i t - Big Jim brothel-keeper gang-

Big Three The Big Three (mu-

tle Tobago (where birds of ster James Colosimo (1877–

sic publishers Robbins, Feist,

paradise may be seen in their 1920); Postmaster General

Miller)—Robbins Music

wild state) James Aloysius Farley

Corp; World War I peacemak-

Birdofredum Sawin J a m e s Big Joe Turner Joseph Vernon

ers Georges Clemenceau,

Russell Lowell Turner

Lloyd George, and Woodrow

Birds of Paradox fl i g h t l e s s Big John St John the Divine

Wilson; World War II peace-

birds such as cassowaries, cathedral in New York City,

makers Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Jo-

flightless cormorants, emus, famous for its concerts

seph Stalin

Big-M battleship USS Mis-

Big Three Automakers G e n -

kiwis, ostriches, penguins, rails, rheas

Birds of Prey fl e s h - e a t i n g Big Mac M a r k M c G w i r e

souri; Memphis, Tennessee

eral Motors, Ford, Chrysler

predators such as condors, ea- (baseball player); Mc-

Big Town Chicago

gles, falcons, hawks, kites, Donald’s hamburger; New

The Big Train Walter Johnson

ospreys, owls, vultures York’s Municipal Assistance

(baseball player)

Bird Woman Sacajawea Corporation (MAC)

Big Windy Chicago, Illinois

Birkenau German name for Big Mama Thornton Wi l l i e

Big X McGraw-Hill trademark

Brezinka next to Auschwitz, Mae

Bikini State Florida

called Oswiecim by the Poles Big Mamie battleship USS

Bilad al-Sudan ( A r a b i c —

Birken’ead drill maritime tra- Massachusetts

Land of the Blacks)—Guinea,

dition dating from 1852 with Big Minny Minnesota

Sudan

the sinking of HMS Birken- Big Miss Mississippi River

Bill William

head when women and chil- Big Momma HMS Ark Royal

Bill Arp Charles Henry Smith

dren were given first place in Big Muddy Missouri River

Billie Dove Lillian Bohny

the lifeboats Big N Vladimir Nabokov

Billie Holiday Eleanora Fagan

Birmingham Sam J o h n L e e Big Nail translation of the Es-

Billings Billingsgate (London

Hooker kimo nickname for the North

waterfront market whose

women delighted in using

Birthplace of American

Cajuns New Brunswick Big Narco Saint J e s u s M a l -

Pole

foul language)

Bill Nye Edgar Wilson Nye

Birthplace of the American

verde

Billtown Williamstown, Kan-

Industrial Revolution

Big Nasty Ronnie Lee (foot-

Pennsylvania’s Lehigh Valley ball tackle)

sas

Billy the Kid William Bonney

Birthplace of American Jazz

big O opium; orgasm

New Orleans The Big O Oscar Robertson

alias William Wright and

alias Henry McCarty

Birthplace of American Lib-

erty Faneuil Hall, Boston Big-O attack aircraft carrier

(basketball player)

Billy Rose William Samuel

Rosenberg

Birthplace of American Presi-

dents Massachusetts (4); Big Orange Los Angeles

USS Oriskany

Billy Sanders Joel Chandler

New York (4); Ohio (7); Vir- Big P tenor Luciano Pavarotti

Harris

ginia (8) Big Pat St. Patrick’s cathedral

Bill of Rights President

James Madison

Birthplace of Aphrodite or

in New York City

Bimshire Barbados

Venus Cyprus

Eponyms, Nicknames

Birthplace of Aviation D a y -

Black Babe Ruth Josh Gibson ton, Ohio where the Wright

Birthplace of Saint-Saëns

Black Bart poetic stagecoach Brothers built their flying ma-

Paris, France

robber Charles E Bolton chine

Birthplace of Schubert Vi -

enna, Austria

Blackbeard Edward Teach—

Birthplace of Bach, Beethoven,

privateer-pirate also known as and Brahms G e r m a ny

Birthplace of Schumann

Edward Thatch (Eisenach, Bonn, and Ham-

Zwickau, Germany

Blackbeard’s curse botulism, burg)

Birthplace of Shakespeare

diarrhea, or dysentery con- Birthplace of Baseball C o o -

Stratford-upon-Avon, En-

tracted in the Caribbean perstown, New York

gland

black beauties biphetamine Birthplace of Berlioz C ô -

Birthplace of Sibelius Tavaste-

Black Belt black-soil growing Saint-André, lsère, France

hus, Finland

area extending from South Birthplace of Bolívar C a r a -

Birthplace of Skiing Morgedal

Carolina and Georgia to Ala- cas, Venezuela

in the Telemark region of

Norway

bama and Mississippi

Birthplace of Brahms and

Blackberry Capital M c - Mendelssohn H a m bu rg ,

Birthplace of the Skyscraper

Cloud, California Germany

Chicago

Birthplace of Spinoza A m -

Blackbird Lockheed SR-71 jet

Birthplace of the British

reconnaissance aircraft Industrial Revolution Sev-

sterdam, Netherlands

Black Carib Garifuna spoken ern Valley in England and

Birthplace of the Tuna Fishing

in Belize Wales

Industry San Diego

Black Castle of Opium A f y - Birthplace of Burns Alloway,

Birthplace of the United States

onkarahisar in western Tur- Scotland

of America Philadelphia,

key Birthplace of California S a n

Pennsylvania where the Dec-

Black Charley S i r C h a r l e s Diego

laration of Independence was

signed July 4, 1776

Napier

Birthplace of Camões

Black Country c o a l - m i n i n g (Camoëns) Lisbon, Portu-

Birthplace of Vaudeville

iron-founding sections of gal

Sainte-Mère-église (near

southern Staffordshire and Birthplace of Canada C h a r-

Norman coast of France)

West Midlands of England; lottetown, Prince Edward Is-

Birthplace of Villa-Lobos Rio

Midlands of England around land

de Janeiro, Brazil

smoke-blackened Birming- Birthplace of Cervantes A l -

Birthplace of Vivaldi Venice,

ham calá de Heneres, Spain

Italy

Black Dan Daniel Webster Birthplace of Colombia Tunja,

Birthplace of Wagner

Black Death bubonic plague Boyacá

Leipzig, Germany

black diamond black or gray Birthplace of Dante Florence,

Birthplace of Wilde, Shaw,

industrial diamond also called Italy

Joyce, and Behan Dublin,

framesite bort; anthracite or Birthplace of Democracy a n -

Ireland

hard coal cient Greece

Bishop of Broadway theatri-

Black Diamond City Wilkes- Birthplace of the Gods Greece

cal producer David Belasco

Barre, Pennsylvania Birthplace of Handel H a l l e ,

whose clerical dress earned

black diamonds coal Germany

him this title

bishopese writing in a dull ec-

black disease a n t h r a x o f

Birthplace of Hans Christian

sheep; braxy Andersen O d e n s e , D e n -

clesiastical style

Black Douglas Sir James de mark

Bishop of Rome the Pope

Douglas Birthplace of Hindemith H a -

Bison City Buffalo, New York

Black Eagle Hubert F Julian nau, Germany

Bitter Bierce Ambrose Bierce

Black Emperor of Haiti J e a n - Birthplace of Kant K a l i n i n -

Bitter Sea Dead Sea between

Jacques Dessalines grad (formerly Königsberg,

Israel and Jordan

Black Explorer M a t t h ew East Prussia)

Bituminous City C o n n e l l s -

(Matt) Henson Birthplace of Liszt R a i d i n g ,

ville, Pennsylvania

black fever kala-azar (leish- Hungary

Bix Leon Bismarck Beider-

becke

maniasis)

Birthplace of Melodramatic

black flag symbol of death or Opera Italy

Bjørn Bjørn B j ø r n s t j e r n e

emblem of piracy Birthplace of Mozart Salzburg,

Bjørnson

B Kovner Jacob Adler

Black Flower of Society

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s nick- Birthplace of Paganini Genoa

Austria

Black Black Sea between Bul-

name for any jail, peniten- Birthplace of Purcell L o n -

garia, Russia, and Turkey

tiary, or prison don, England

Black Africa equatorial Africa

from Ethiopia, Somalia, and

Black Forest Schwarzwald (in

Birthplace of Richard Strauss

mountainous south-central Munich, Germany

Kenya to Gabon, the Congo,

and Zaire

Germany)

Eponyms, Nicknames

Black Friday September 24,

Blarney Stone Port C o r k o r 1869 (financial panic oc-

black propaganda l i e s r e -

Corcaigh in Ireland (Eire) curred when speculators tried

peated until they seem believ-

close to Blarney Castle con- to corner the gold market in

able

taining the Blarney Stone the U.S.)

Black Republic H a i t i a n d

Blaue Reiter Blue Rider, Ger- Black Gladiator Bo Diddley

many emerging African na-

man expressionist art move- (Ellas McDaniel)

tions

ment from 1911 to 1914 black gold petroleum

Black Rock Columbia Broad-

casting System (CBS) named

Blau’s theory the larger the or-

black gold of the Amazon and

ganization, the greater the Malaya rubber

for its black granite building

at 51 West 52nd Street in New

proportion of total resources

black gold of the Caspian

devoted to management, caviar

York City

hence the proliferation of the Black Hand secret terrorist so-

Black Russian Writer A l e -

bureaucracy ciety linked with the Camorra

Blessed Isles (see Fortunate and the Mafia

ksandr Sergeyvich Pushkin

Isles) Black Heart of Montana Butte

(1799–1837) whose maternal

Bligh’s Islands Fiji Islands Black Hole Muscovites’ nick-

grandfather was African

Blind Bards Homer and Mil- name for Moscow

Black Saturday C o m -

ton Black Irish brunette descen-

mander’s Internal Manage-

ment Review

Blind Blake Arthur Phelps

dants of Irish women and Blind Bomber G e o rg e

Black Sea Countries B u l -

Spanish Armada sailors Glamack

garia, Georgia, Romania,

blackjack card game, bubonic Blind Boy Fuller Fulton Allen

Russia, Turkey, Ukraine

plague, the black flag of pi- Blind Gary Davis R eve r e n d

Black Sheep of Canadian

rates, blackjack chewing Gary Davis

Liquors 100-proof Yukon

Jack

gum, hand-held leather-cov-

Blind Lemon Jefferson

ered flexible club; zinc blende Lemon Jefferson

Black Shirts Mussolini’s fol-

or zinc sulfide Blind Poet John Milton Black Jack General John Jo-

lowers

Black Sox E i g h t C h i c a g o

Blind Publisher Joseph Pu-

seph Pershing litzer black lead cerrusite (lead car-

White Sox players banned

Blind Tom Thomas Bethune bonate)

from baseball for life for al-

legedly throwing the 1919

Blind Willie McTell Wi l l i e

black mayonnaise poisonous Samuel McTell

World Series—Eddie Cicotte,

sludge contaminating bays, Blizzard State South Dakota

Happy Felsch, Chick Gandil,

beaches, harbors, and oceans Blitzen Joe Benz (baseball

Shoeless Joe Jackson, Swede

Black Monday October 19, player)

Risberg, Buck Weaver, Lefty

Bloater(s) i n h a b i t a n t ( s ) o f 1987 when the New York

Williams, and Fred McMul-

stock market declined more Yarmouth on the North Sea

lan

than it had on Tuesday, Octo- coast of England where her- ber 29, 1929, which trigg-

black spots black settlements

rings are salted and smoked gered the Great Depression

in white-owned South Afri-

Blockhousers o l d e s t A f r o - Black Money money gained il-

can land

American regiment whose legally

Black Stream Japan Current

gallant assault on a well-de- Black Monk Grigori Efimov-

black tar deadly Mexican-

fended blockhouse won them ich Rasputin

made heroin, also called

Mexican mud or tootsie roll

this nickname during the Spanish-American War

Black Movie Pioneer R a l p h

Black Tuesday October 29,

Blonde Beauty of the Lakes

Milwaukee, Wisconsin Black Muslims religious-ori-

Cooper

1929, when the U.S. stock

market crashed, trigggering

ented group composed of

the Great Depressuon

Blonde Bombshell Jean Har- low

black nationalists and some

Blondin Charles Emile Grav- militant extremists

Black Wall Street D u r h a m ,

ele—the tightrope walker Black Nationalist M a r c u s

North Carolina

Black Watch Royal Highland

the mid-nineteenth century Black Nightingale Ma Rainey

M(oziah) Garvey

Regiment whose tartans dis-

who crossed Niagara Falls in

blood and guts red ensign of (Gertrude Rainey)

play dark colors

the British Merchant Marine Black Panthers militant black

blackwater fever malaria

Blood and Guts G e n e r a l party

Blackwater State N e b r a s k a

George S Patton, USA Black Pope head of the Jesuit

(with its black soil)

blood-clotting vitamin Vi t a - Order—the Jesuit General

Blackwell’s Island f o r m e r

min K Black Prince Edward—Prince

name of Welfare Island in

Bloodhound B r i t i s h s u r- of Wales—son of Edward III

New York City’s East River

face-to-air missile who always wore black armor

black widow poisonous spider

Lactrodectus mactans

blood pudding blood sausage

Eponyms, Nicknames

Bloody Ground State Ke n -

bogsaat bunch of guys sitting tucky

Blue Moon second full moon in

around a table Bloody Mary Mary I of En-

one month

Bogside C a t h o l i c wo r k i n g gland (Mary Tudor); tomato

Bluenose fisherman or sailor

class district of Derry (Lon- juice and vodka

from Canada’s Maritime

donderry) Bloody Sunday March 5, 1965,

Provinces

Bohemia Czech Republic; hab- in Selma, Alabama, where

Bluenose Province N ova

itat of gypsies and other un- state troopers attacked de-

Scotia

conventional people fenseless civil-rights march-

Bluenose(s) native(s) of Can-

Bohemian Reformer J o h n ers, injuring sixty

ada’s Maritime Provinces, es-

Hus Bloomsbury writers whose

pecially Nova Scotia; puri-

Bojangles Bill (Bojangles) center of activities was Lon-

tan(s)

Luther Robinson don’s Bloomsbury Square in

blue ointment mercurial oint-

Bolingbroke Henry IV of En- the early 1900s; Clive Bell,

ment

gland EM Forster, Roger Fry, John

blue peter blue signal flag with

Bolivarian Block C o l o m b i a , Maynard Keynes, Lytton

a white rectangle in its center;

Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia Strachey, V Sackville-West,

flown when a ship is ready to

Bolivarian Republics Bolivia, Leonard and Virginia Woolf;

sail; letter P or Papa in the

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, synonym for snobbish aes-

international code

Venezuela theticism

Blue Rider Blaue Reiter; Ger-

Bollywood Bombay, for India’s Bloom syndrome genetic dis-

man expressionist art move-

film industry ease characterized by retarda-

ment from 1911 to 1914

Bolshevik Feminist Aleksan- tion of growth, abnormal im-

blue room aircraft toilet

dra Kollontai mune function

blue sky statements unsup-

Bomba (Italian—Bass Drum)— blue amytal (barbiturate)

ported by facts

Ferdinand ll—King of the blue acid p a l e - b l u e l i q u i d

Blues Man Roosevelt Sykes

Two Sicilies LSD-25

Blue Steel Hawker-Siddeley

bombay bombay duck (Asiatic blue angels amytal (barbitu-

air-to-surface missile

lizardfish, dried and salted rate)

Bluetooth standard for short-

lizardfish served with curry, Blue-backed Speller The Amer-

range wireless connections

also called bummalo) ican Spelling Book by Noah

among electronic devices

Bombingham nickname for Webster

Bluff City Hannibal, Missouri;

Birmingham, Alabama, for Bluebeard any wife killer such

Memphis, Tennessee; and

Ku Klux Klan terrorism dur- as the Chevalier Raoul whose

Natchez, Mississippi

ing 1963 struggle for black seventh wife discovered the

Bluff King Hal Henry VIII

civil rights bodies of his six previous

Boadbil Abu Abdallah—last

Bonaire’s Port Kralendijk wives

Moorish king of Granada

Bonanza Beech U-22 trainer bluebirds capsules of sodium

boards book covers

aircraft amytal

boat people refugees

Bonanza Land Fo r t S m i t h , bluebook volume containing

Bob Robert

Arkansas names of socially prominent

Bob Dole Disease erectile dys-

Bonanza State Montana people

function

Bob Dylan Robert Zimmer-

Bonaparte of the Antilles

blue-collar labor fa c t o r y

Toussaint Louverture workers

mann

Bond Street London’s street of blue devils amobarbital cap-

Bob Hope Leslie Townes Hope

fashionable shops sules

Bobby Robert

Bone Algerian port city now Blue Grass Capital L ex i n g -

Bobby Blue Bland R o b e r t

called Annaba ton, Kentucky

Calvin Bland

boneblack animal charcoal Blue Grass Country Ke n -

Bobby Darin Walden Robert

Boney Napoleon Bonaparte tucky

Cassotto

bobo bourgeois bohemian

Bon Homme Richard

Blue Grass State Kentucky

(French—Good Man Rich- Blue Grotto marine cavern on

Bo Carter Armentu Chatmon

ard)—Benjamin Franklin shore of Capri island in Bay

Bo Diddley Ellas McDaniel

The Body Paul Hoffman (bas-

Bonnie Prince Charles

Charles Edward Stuart—the Blue Hen Chickens Delawar-

of Naples

ketball player)

Young Pretender eans

Boer (Afrikaans or Dutch—

Bonny Johnny John Adams, Bluehen(s) Delawarean(s)

farmer)—South African of

second President of the Blue Hen State Delaware

Dutch descent whose lan-

United States Blue Law State Connecticut

guage is Afrikaans

Bonus Marchers ex-U.S. ser- Blue Light District C a r t a -

Bogie Maxwell Bodenheim;

vicemen who marched in gena, Colombia’s red-light

Humphrey Bogart

Washington, D. C., during the district (Distrito Luz Azuil)

Bogland Ireland

Boglander Irishman

Great Depression to get their

Eponyms, Nicknames

bonus certificates cashed

Brady Bonds debt instruments early and were fired upon by

Borodin Mikhail Markovich

named for United States Trea- federal troops under President

Grusenberg

sury Secretary Nicholas Herbert Hoover’s command

Borscht Belt Catskill Moun-

Brady boobtube television

tain area, New York

Bragman’s Bluff British pi- Boogie Down New York City’s

bosco South American narcotic

rate’s name for Puerto Cabe- borough of the Bronx

compound

zas, Nicaragua sometimes book book of regulations and

Bosphorus strait connecting

called El Bluff rules

the Black Sea with the Sea of

Brahmsburg Hamburg, Ger- Booker Booker T Washington

Marmora leading to the Med-

many—birthplace of Jo- Book Man nickname by fellow

iterranean

hannes Brahms prison inmates for Stephen

Boss of Bosses Lucky Luciano

(Salvatore Lucania)

Brains of the Confederacy

Blumberg of Iowa, who stole

Judah Philip Benjamin (attor- thousands of valuable books

Boss Kett Charles F(ranklin)

ney general, secretary of war, from U.S. libraries

and secretary of state of the Boom Boom B o r i s B e c ke r

Kettering

Confederate States of Amer- (tennis)

Boss Tweed William Marcy

ica) boomer member of the baby-

Tweed

Boston Brahmin Historian

Bram Stoker Abraham Stoker

boom generation Brandy Nan Queen Anne

William Hickling Prescott

boomerang bomber a d - Brann the Iconoclast Wi l l -

Boston Strong Boy J o h n L

vanced technology bomber; iam Cowper Brann, editor and

Sullivan

stealth bomber publisher of The Iconoclast

Botticelli Sandro di Botticell

Boomer’s Paradise Oklahoma Brass Butte, Montana

— palette name of Alessandro

Boomer State Oklahoma Brassai Gyula Halàsz

Filipepi

Booze Bourse Brooklyn, New Brass City Waterbury, Con-

Bourbon Street New Orleans

York necticut

nightlife center

Borax King Francis Marion brat bananas, rice, applesauce,

Bowen Therapy musculoskele-

toast (diet to relieve diarrhea) Smith of Death Valley, Cali-

tal-release therapy developed

by Tom Bowen of Australia

Brattle Island, Galápagos

Borda Count voting system of Tortuga

fornia

Bowery north-south thorough-

Bratwurst Capital Sheboygan, ranking candidates, for math-

fare on Lower East Side of

ematician Jean Charles Borda Wisconsitm

Manhattan, New York City;

notorious for its shabby hotels

Alberto Santos-Dumont Border Country t h e

Brazilian Aviation Pioneer

and saloons

Brazilian emerald green vari- U.S.-Mexican border extend-

Bowie State Arkansas, where

ing from Brownsville, Texas ety of tourmaline

many of its first settlers car-

Brazilian Film Pioneer A l - to San Diego, California

ried bowie knives

Border Eagle State M i s s i s - berto Cavalcanti

Box 500 British secret service

headquartered on Curzon

Brazilian National Composer

Heitor Villa-Lobos Border Minstrel S i r Wa l t e r

sippi

Street, London

Brazilian Ports M a n a u s , Scott

boxer’s ear hematoma auris

Belém do Pará, São Luis, Border State Maine (border-

boxitos people from Yucatan,

Enseada de Mucuipe, Natal, ing on Canada)

Mexico where in Mayan the

Recife, Maceio, Salvador de Border States D e l awa r e ,

word means dark people

Bahia, Ilheus, Vitoria, Rio de Maryland, Virginia, Ken-

Boyhood Home of Mark

Janeiro, Niteroi, Angra dos tucky, and Missouri; before

Twain Hannibal, Missouri

The Boy Manager S t a n l ey

Reis, Santos, Paranagua, São

the Civil War they divided the

Francisco, Itajai, Florianopo- North from the South

Bucky Harris

Boris Karloff William Henry

Boy Orator of the Platte

lis, Laguna, Rio Grande, Porto Alegre

Pratt

William Jennings Bryan

The Boy Shirley Temple

Brazilian ruby topaz altered by heating so it turns pur-

Boris Pilnyak B o r i s A n -

ple-red to salmon-pink and Boris Savinkov Vladimir Rop-

dreyevich Vogau

Bobby Breen

hence passes for a ruby shin

Boy’s Town Omaha, Nebraska;

Brazilian sapphire blue tour- borked what happens to nomi-

redlight sections of many

maline nations torpedoed by an on-

Mexican border towns

Braziller George Braziller slaught of opposition—for

Boz Charles Dickens

Brazil water coffee Robert Bork, unsuccessful

Bozzy James Boswell—biogra-

Bread-and-Butter State Min- nominee to United States Su-

pher and friend of Dr Samuel

nesota preme Court, 1987

Johnson

Bread Basket Fargo, North Borneo Kalimantan

bra burner militant feminist

bracelets slang for handcuffs

Dakota

Eponyms, Nicknames

Breadbasket of Canada

Saskatchewan Breadbasket of Russia t h e Ukraine

Breadbasket of Sweden

southernmost province of Skåne

Breadbasket of the World

central North America (Can- ada and the U.S.)

Breakfast Food City B a t t l e Creek, Michigan Bret Harte Francis Brett Harte Brett Halliday Davis Dresser Brewery Capital Milwaukee Brick Lane L o n d o n , E n -

gland’s East End ghetto bricks traditional businesses in buildings bricks and clicks businesses in buildings and Internet busi- nesses

Bride of the Adriatic Venice Bride of the Sea Venice Bridewell London’s old house

of correction Bridge Bum Alan Sontag Bridge House Wi l m i n g t o n ,

Delaware’s detention home for juvenile delinquents

Bridge of Sighs 16th-century Venetian bridge connecting a prison with a palace where prisoners were tried; any sim- ilar structure connecting a courthouse with a prison

Brigitte Bardot Camille Jarval bright lighters city people Bright’s disease kidney dis-

ease named for its diagnosti- cian Dr Richard Bright of London; nephritis

Brilliant Belgian virtuoso-vio- linist Arthur Grumiaux Brilliant Madman C h a r l e s

XII of Sweden Brill’s disease epidemic ty- phus disease recurring years after the original infection and named for its American diagnostician Dr Nathan E Brill

brimstone sulfur

Bringer of Freedom’s Light

John Huss

Britain’s First Woman Prime

Minister Margaret Thatcher

Britain’s Most Exclusive Club

the House of Commons Britain of the South N ew Zealand

Britain’s Playground B l a c k -

pool (seaside resort on Irish Sea)

Britain’s Premier Passenger

Port Southampton britannia britannia metal (al-

loy of antimony, copper, and zinc used as antifriction ma- terial and for dinnerware)

Britannia Bristol-built military

transport aircraft; Britannia metal; Britannia prima (En- gland); Britannia secunda (Wales)—symbol of Great Britain including Scotland with England and Wales; Brit- ish Empire; Commonwealth of nations; Great Britain and Northern Ireland—the United Kingdom; Roman name for Great Britain

Britain’s Queen of the Blues

Beryl Bryden British America British pos-

sessions in or adjacent to the Americas

British Anatomist Extraordi-

nary Henry Gray British Century the 19th cen-

tury British China Hong Kong be-

fore 1997 British Guiana Guyana British Hardware Centre Bir-

mingham British Honduras Belize British Invasion takeover of

United States airwaves by British rock ’n’ roll groups in- cluding The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Who, and The Kinks

British Isle Ports Whitstable,

Port Victoria, Chatham, Til- bury Docks, Gravesend, Woolwich, Greenwich, Lon- don, Wivenhoe, Harwich, Parkeston, Ipswich, Felix- stowe, Lowestoft, Great Yarmouth, King’s Lynn, Bos- ton, Grimsby, Immingham, Kingston-upon-Hull, Goole, Whitby, Middlesbrough, Hartlepool, Seaham, Sunder- land, North Shields, Newcas- tle, Gateshead, Blyth, Leith, Granton, Rosyth Dock Yard, Boness, Grangemouth. Alloa, Burntisland, Kirkcaldy, Me- thil, Perth, Abroath, Mon- trose, Aberdeen, Peterhead,

Fraserburgh, Hopeman, Inv- erness, Cromarty, Invergor- don, Port Mahomack, Helms- dale, Wick, Thurso, Scrabster, Stornoway, Oban, Campbel- town, Greenock, Finnart, Rothesay Dock, Glasgow, Ardrossan, Irvine, Troon, Cairnryan, Douglas, Bangor, Belfast, Larne Lough, Lon- donderry, Sligo, Westport, Galway, Kilrush, Limerick, Foynes, Cobh, Cork Harbour, Rosslare, Dublin, Silloth, Mayrport, Whitehaven, Bar- row-in-Furness, Fleetwood, Preston, Liverpool, Manches- ter, Port Dinorwic, Holyhead, Caernarvon, Milford Haven, Llanelly, Swansea, Port Tal- bot, Barry, Cardiff, Newport, Sharpness, Gloucester, Avon- mouth, Bristol, Portishead, Bideford, St Ives, Penzance, Falmouth, Fowey, Plymouth, Dartmouth, Portland, Wey- m o u t h , P o o l e , C ow e s , Yarmouth, Southampton, Gosport, Portsmouth, Folke- stone, Dover

British Isles Great Britain and Ireland British Laugh Master Benny Hill British Librettist Italian nick- name for Shakespeare, many of his dramatic plots inspired Italian composers

British lion symbol of the Brit- ish Commonwealth as well as of Great Britain

British North Borneo Sabah British Riviera E n g l a n d ’s

south coast from Land’s End to Margate

British Rock Gibraltar British West Indies i s l a n d

possessions or former posses- sions of Great Britain in or near the Caribbean: Bahamas; British Leeward, Virgin, and Windward islands; Jamaica, Tobago, Trinidad

Britons English, Scottish, and Welsh people Brixton Brixton Prison south- east of Plymouth, England; London, England slum; one of London’s largest prisons

broadband high-speed digital networks

Eponyms, Nicknames

Broad-bottomed Administra-

Buddy System trademark of tion o f P r i m e M i n i s t e r

Bruce Graeme Graham Mon-

Countermeasures of Holly- Henry Pelham during the

tague Jeffries

wood, Maryland reign of George II

Brummagen B i r m i n g h a m

Buerger’s disease chronic in- Broken Hill Kabwe, Zambia

(colloquial)

flammation of the blood ves- Bronco North American-Rock-

Bruno Jakob Bronowski

sels in a limb or limbs well OV-10 counterinsur-

Bruno Walter Bruno Walter

Buffalo De Haviland military gency aircraft

Schlesinger

transport aircraft Bronze Age era of mankind

brussels brussels carpet (wo-

Buffalo Bill Colonel William F when implements and weap-

ven with a raised pattern by a

Cody ons were forged from bronze;

method first used in Brus-

Buffalonians people of Buf- period marked by wars and

sels); brussels griffon (toy

falo, New York widespread violence

dog bred in Brussels); brus-

Buffalo Plains State Colorado Bronzino Agnolo di Cosimo

sels lace (high-quality floral-

Bug-eaters Nebraskans Brook Farm utopian commu-

pattern lace); brussels sprouts

Bug-eating State Nebraska nity founded by leading

(small cabbage-like vegeta-

Bughouse Square P e r s h i n g American transcendentalists

ble)

Square in Los Angeles, Union in 1841 but disbanded by

Brussels system universal dec-

Square in New York, Wash- 1847 near West Roxbury, now

imal classification

ington Square in Chicago Boston, Massachusetts; nick-

B-town Beantown; Blounts-

Bugs b o o t l eg g e r- bu rg l a r name of similar ventures

town; Boys Town

George Moran (1893–1957); Brook Farmers Albert Bris-

B Traven Berick Traven Tor-

Tom Burgmeier (baseball bane, Orestes Brownson,

scan Croves

player) Charles A Dana, John S Dwight, Ralph Waldo Emer-

Bubble Boy David, who died,

at age 12, of severe combined

Bugs Baer Arthur Baer

Buhl’s disease fatty degenera- son, Margaret Fuller, Horace

immunodeficiency disease af-

tion associated with hemoglo- Greeley, Nathaniel Hawthorn,

ter living in an isolated envi-

Isaac Hecker, George Ripley,

ronment

binuria

Built on Oil, Soil, and Toil

Ponca City, Oklahoma Brother John John Bull—long

Henry David Thoreau

bubble-boy disease s eve r e

combined immunodeficiency

the personification of the Brit-

disease

Bukavu Costermansville Bulgarian Ports M i c h u r i n ,

Akhtopol, Bukhta Tsiganski, Brother Jonathan B r i t i s h

ish Empire

Bubbles 18th-century English

firms issuing speculative

nickname for the United

stock

Burgas, Varna, Evksinograd, Kavarna

States and its citizens

bubbly champagne Buccaneer Hawker-Siddeley

Bulgarian Quadrilateral f o r- The Brothers R o c ke f e l l e r brothers—John D III, Nelson,

jet aircraft for military appli-

tress towns of Rustchuk, Schumla, Silistria, and Varna

Bulge The Bulge of Brazil con- Brothers Goncourt E d m u n d

Laurance, David

cations

Bückeburg Bach J o h a n n

sisting of South America’s and Jules de Goncourt—liter-

easternmost coast between ary collaborators

Christoph Friedrich Bach Bucketfoot Al A l S i m m o n s

João Pessoa and Recife Brothers Grimm J a c o b a n d

(baseball player)

Bulldog Jim Bouton (baseball player); Scottish Aviation sin-

Wilhelm Grimm

Buckeye North American Rock-

The Brothers Hildebrandt

gle-engine two-place trainer Gregory and Timothy Hilde-

well trainer aircraft desig-

The Bulldozer Richard Hol- brooke (diplomat) Brown Bomber Joe Lewis

nated T-2

brandt (illustrators)

Buckeye(s) Ohioan(s)

Bullet Joe Joe Bush (baseball brown coal lignite

Buckeye State Ohio

player) Brownie Mary M a r y J a n e

Buckie R(ichard) Buckminster

Bull Halsey Admiral William Rathbun

Fuller

F Halsey Junior Brownie McGhee Wa l t e r

buckminster fullerine g e o d e -

Bullion State Missouri Brown McGhee

sic-shaped molecule named

bull market stock market short brown lung byssinosis or cot-

for Buckminster Fuller

form indicating an upward ton-dust disease

Buckshot Glenn Wright (base-

trend in securities Brown Shirts Hitler’s follow-

ball player)

Bull Moose T h e o d o r e ers

buckyballs geodesic dome-

Roosevelt—twenty-sixth Brownstone State Connecti-

shaped carbon molecule

President of the United States cut

named for American architect

Bullpup Maxson air-to-surface Brow of the Universe Scandi-

and engineer (Richard) Buck-

missile navia

minster Fuller (1895–1983)

Bullring of Basra white-slave BR Town Baton Rouge, Loui-

Bud Abbott William Abbott

market close to Iraq’s Persian siana

Buddha Siddhartha Gautama

Buddy Rogers Charles Rogers

Gulf coast

Eponyms, Nicknames

Bull Run Manassas

Butcher of the Balkans A n -

cabbage with a college educa-

Bullwood Hall borstal in Es-

tion Mark Twain’s nickname sex, England

drija Artukovic

for cauliflower Bumble Bee Slim Amos Eas-

Butcher of Berlin Adolf Hit-

Cabo Tormentoso ( P o r t u - ton

ler

guese—Cape of Storms)— Bung Karno (Malay–Brother

butcher bird loggerhead shrike

Cape of Good Hope Karno)—Indonesian dictator

Butcher of Budapest S ov i e t

Cacos (Spanish—pickpock- Sukarno

Prime Minister Nikita

ets, poltroons)—nickname of Bunions Rollie Zeider (base-

Khrushchev so named be-

a Guatemalan political party ball player)

cause of his brutal suppres-

Cactus code name for French bunsen bunsen burner (named

sion of the Hungarian free-

Mach l.2 surface-to-air mis- for the German chemist Rob-

dom fighters

sile ert Wilhelm Bunsen)

Butcher of Cambodia Ta Mok

Butcher of the Caribbean

Cactus Blossom Capital

Buntline Ned Buntline—nom

Rafael Trujillo

Phoenix, Arizona

Cactus Jack Vice President son

de plume of Edward ZC Jud-

Butcher of Lyon Klaus Barbie

John Nance Garner also Buranello Baldassare Galuppi

Butcher of Prague Reinhard

called the Sage of Uvalde The Burg New York City

Heydrich—Hitler’s Reichs-

Cactus State New Mexico Burke to kill by suffocation as

protektor of Bohemia

Caesar Augusta ( L a t i n — in the case of William Burke,

butter butts y e l l ow - r u m p e d

Zaragoza)—called Saragossa the Irish criminal who suffo-

warblers

by the British cated his victims so he could

Butter Capital O wa t o n n a ,

cafeteria bug Clostridium per- sell their bodies for dissection

fringens Burkitt’s lymphoma c a n c e r

Minnesota

Caffarelli Gaetano Majorano that affects children; named

Buttercup Carl Anderson (bas-

Cagliostro Giuseppe Balsamo for Dr Dennis Burkitt

ketball player)

Buttermilk Tommy To m m y

Cajetan Tommaso de Vio-Ital- Burlington Route C h i c a g o ,

ian cardinal who failed to per- Burlington, and Quincy (rail-

Dowd (baseball player)

suade Martin Luther to re- road)

Butternuts Tennesseans

main within the Catholic Burl Ives Icle Ivanhoe Ives

Buys Ballot’s law if someone

Church and carry on reforms Burma former name of Myan-

in Northern Hemisphere

from within mar

stands with back to wind, at-

Cajun a descendant of French- burmese burmese cat (orange-

mospheric pressure will be

speaking immigrants from eye cat originating in Burma);

lower to his left hand than to

Acadia; their dialect burmese lacquer (grayish var-

his right, and the reverse in

Cajun Country Bayou Teche, nish); burmese ruby (peony)

Southern Hemisphere

Louisiana, also called Teche Burmese Ports Sittwe, Kyauk-

Buzzards Georgians

Buzzard State Georgia

Country

pyu, Bassein, Rangoon, Moul- Calamity Jane Martha Jane

Bye Bye Steve Balboni (base-

mein Burke also known as Canary

ball player)

Burns and Allen c o m e d i a n s Jane whose activities resulted

Byron pen name of George

George Burns (Nathan Birn- in the deaths of eleven of her

Gordon who used the family

baum) and Gracie Allen twelve husbands

title of Lord Byron

Burping Bedpost bassoon Calhoun Gulch C h a r l e s t o n ,

Byron Janis Byron Yanks

South Carolina district Burrhead Ferris Fain (baseball

Bytown original name of Ot-

California Channels Channel player)

tawa, Canada

Burt L Standish Gilbert Pat- Islands south of Santa Bar-

Byzantium ( L a t i n — I s t a n -

ten—creator of the American bara (Anacapa, San Miguel,

bul)—Constantinople

boy hero—Frank Merriwell Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa)

CABAL rnembers of the secret

California Ports San Diego, Busby Berkeley William Ber-

cabinet of Charles Il of En-

Long Beach, Los Angeles, keley Enos

gland; by coincidence their

initials spelled cabal—Clif-

San Pedro, Monterey, San

business-man’s special

Francisco, Alameda, Oak- 45-minute psychosis pro-

ford of Chudleigh, Ashley

land, Port Richmond, Mare duced by dimethltryptamine

(Lord Shaftesbury), Bucking-

Island, Port Chicago, Stock- Busta Sir Alexander Busta-

ham (George Villiers), Ar-

ton, Sacramento, Eureka mante

lington (Henry Bennet), Lau-

California prayerbook d e c k Bustees Calcutta slum

derdale (John Maitland)

of cards Buster Keaton Joseph Francis

cabbage cabg (coronary artery

California Riviera oceanside Keaton

bypass grafting)

resorts ranging from San Di- butch lesbian who plays male

Cabbage Patch Victoria, Aus-

ego to Santa Barbara role

tralia

California’s Cornerstone San Butch Fiorello H LaGuardia

Cabbage Town Toronto, On-

tario slum

Diego

Eponyms, Nicknames

Caligula Gaius Caesar

Canadian black C a n a d i a n - Calle de la Ballesta ( S p a n -

Campo Alegre (Papiamento or

grown marijuana ish—Street of the Cross-

Spanish— Happy Country)—

Canadian Comedians Lou Ja- bow)—Madrid’s nightclub

Curaçao’s controlled brothel

cobi; Rich Little neighborhood

above the hills of Willemstad

campo santo (Italian, Portu-

Canadian Commonwealth

Calle Florida (Spanish—Flor-

Canada and its territories ida Street)—celebrated shop-

guese, Spanish—sacred

ground)—name of many

Canadian Composer-Conduc-

tor-Educator S i r E r n e s t Calpe (Phoenician—Rock of

ping center of Buenos Aires

burial places throughout the

Campbell Macmillan Gibraltar)—one of the Pillars

Latin world

Canadian Dominion C a n a d a of Hercules flanking Straits of

camp robber gray jay (or other

and its territories Gibraltar

Corvidae)

Canadian Freethinker M a r- Calve Emma Calvé— opera-

Can King Canute of Denmark

shall J Gauvin house name of the soprano

and England

Canadian Galapagos Q u e e n Emma de Roquer

Canada second largest nation;

Charlotte Islands Calvin John Calvin (originally

Canada anemone, balsam,

barberry, birch, blueberry,

Canadian Gateway to the

Pacific British Columbia Calypso Capital Port of Spain,

Jean Chauvin)

bluegrass, buffalo berry, field

pea, fleabane, ginger, goose,

Canadian Georgia O’Keeffe

painter Emily Carr Cambodia f o r m e r l y P r e a h

Trinidad

h a r e , h e m p . j a y, l i l y,

Canadian Humorist Stephen Reach Ana Chak Kampuchea

lymegrass, lynx, mayflower,

B(utler) Leacock Canadian Kaleidoscope T h e Khmer Republic, or Demo-

mint, moonseed, pea, pitch,

or simply Kampuchea, the

plum, potato, rockrose, root,

Province of Ontario cratic Kampuchea

tea, turpentine, violet, warb-

ler, wormwood, yew

Canadian Ports ( e a s t c o a s t

Cambodian-Incursion Presi-

Canada’s Breadbasket

Cartwright, Saint Anthony, Cambodian Ports K a m p o n g

dent Richard Nixon

Saskatchewan

and Great Lakes) Churchill,

Roddickton, Springdale, Baie Saom, Kampot, Phumi Phsar

Canada’s Doorstep N ova

Scotia

Ream

Canada’s Heartland T h e

Verte, Fortune Harbour, Bot- wood, Catalina, Clarenville,

Cambridge Group R a l p h

Province of Manitoba

Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wen-

Canada’s Ocean Playground

Harbour Grace, Wabana, St John’s, Argentia, Burin, St

dell Holmes, Henry Wad-

Pierre, Grand Bank, St sworth Longfellow, James

Nova Scotia

George’s, Corner Brook, Russell Lowell, John Green-

Canada’s Principal Ports

Humbermouth, Sept-Iles, leaf Whittier

Halifax and Montreal on the

Atlantic, Vancouver on the

Baie-Comeau, Rimouski,

Camden and Amboy State

Tadoussac, Port Alfred, Chi- New Jersey

Pacific

coutimi, Riviere du Loup, Camel NATO name for Soviet

Canada’s Storied Province

Québec, Trois Rivieres, Sorel, Tu-104 transport aircraft

Québec

Varennes, Montreal, Ottawa, Camel-driver of Mecca t h e

Canada’s Wonder City To r-

Lower Lakes Terminal, Pres- Prophet Mohammed

onto

cott, Belleville, Trenton, Co- Camellia Capital S a c r a -

Canadian C a n a d i a n b a c o n

bourg, Port Hope, Oshawa, mento, California

(boned pork loin strips); Ca-

Port Whitby, Toronto, Hamil- Camellia City Greenville, Al-

nadian cheddar (usually

ton, Port Weller, Welland, abama

smoother and spicier than

American cheddar cheese);

Port Colborne, Port Maitland,

Camera Eye M a x B i s h o p Rondeau Harbor, Amherts-

Canadian football (rouge);

(baseball player) burg, Windsor, Sarnia, Port

Canadian-French; Canadian

Cameroon Ports Ti ko , Edward, Goderich, Owen

humorist (Stephen Leacock);

Sound, Collingwood, Mid- Douala, Victoria, Kribi

Canadianism; Canadianize;

land, Parry Sound, Little Cur- Camille Erlanger F r é d e r i c

Canadian whiskey (rye); pre-

rent, Sault Ste Marie, Thun- Regnal

fix given such items as Cana-

der Bay, Gaspé, Chandler, Camille Pissarro J a c o b

dian bacon, football, French

Pa s p é b i a c , D a l h o u s i e , Pizarro

(inhabitant or language),

Bathurst, Caraquet, Chatham, camisole(s) straitjacket(s)—

goldenrod, goose, hemlock,

Newcastle, Souris, George- institutional euphemism

holly, lynx, whiskey

town, Charlottetown, Sum- Campagna di Roma (Italian—

Canadian Arctic area north of

merside, Pictou, North Syd- Roman Campagna)— undu-

the Arctic Circle including is-

n ey, S y d n ey, H a l i f a x , lating lowlands around Rome

lands, the North Magnetic

Lunenburg, Liverpool Shel- Campanella Tommaso Cam-

Pole, and the Northwest Ter-

burne Yarmouth, Digby, panello (originally Giovanni

ritories

Parrsboro, Moncton, St John, Somenico)

Canadian Atheist Marshall J

Gauvin

Letang Harbor; (west coast)

Eponyms, Nicknames

New Westminster, Vancouver,

Capital Province Ontario Horseshoe Bay, Powell River,

The Cape Cape Ann, Cape

The Capital Punisher F r a n k Comox, Nanaimo, Victoria,

Cod, Cape of Good Hope,

Howard (baseball player) Esquimalt, Port Alice, Ocean

Cape Hatteras, Cape Horn,

Cape Province (Union of

Capital of the Rhineland

Cologne (Köln), Germany Canadian potato artichoke

Falls, Prince Rupert

South Africa); Cape Town

Capital of the World N ew Canadian Twin Cities Fo r t

Cape of the Californias Cabo

York City—seat of the United William and Port Arthur

San Lucas (at the lower tip of

Nations Canal Concessionaire Vi -

Baja California)

Cape Cod peninsula enclosing

Capstone of Negro Education

comte Ferdinand Marie de

Howard University Lesseps—original promoter

Cape Cod Bay

Captain Kidd William Kidd— of the Suez and the Panama

Cape Cod turkey codfish

privateer-pirate Canal

Cape Dutch Afrikaans

Captain Late J a m e s S i l a s Canaletto Antonio Canale;

Cape Horner(s) deep-sea sail-

(baseball player) Giovanni Antonio Canal

ing vessel(s) rounding Cape

Captain Planet Jacques-Yves Canal of Fire Suez Canal

Horn in southernmost South

Cousteau canalimony $25-million-dol-

America

Captain Sir Richard Captain lar alimony United States

Cape Horn fever i m a g i n a r y

Sir Richard Francis Burton paid Colombia in 1922 for

malady of sailors who com-

Captain Van George Vancou- separating its province of

plain they are ill when the sea

ver, British sea captain, ex- Panama in 1903 so it could

is rough or there is too much

plorer proceed unhindered in con-

work

Captive of History Northern structing the Panama Canal

Cape Kennedy Cape Canav-

Ireland Canal Zone Capital B a l b o a

eral, Florida

Capucine Germaine Lefebvre Heights

Cape May Pen C a p e M a y

Caracas capital of Venezuela canaries of the sea b e l u g a

Peninsula in southernmost

and named for its founder, whales

New Jersey

Santiago de León de Caracas Canberra British twin-jet light

Cape Stiff Cape Horn

Caran d’Ache E m m a n u e l bomber built by BAC

Cape of Storms Cape of Good

Poiré Candia Erakleion

Hope

Carat City diamond-mining Canecutters sugar-cane-cut-

Cape V Cape Verde (whose

Kimberly, South Africa ting Queensland, Australians

capital is Praia)

Cape Verde Island Ports Min-

Caravaggio, Michelangelo da

Cane Sugar States F l o r i d a ,

Michelangelo Merisio Hawaii, and Louisiana

delo, Santa Maria, Preguiça,

Praia

Caravaggio, Polidoro da Poli-

Canned Salmon Capital

doro, Caldara Ketchikan, Alaska

Cape York Pen C a p e Yo r k

Caravan of Death C h i l e a n Cannery City Seattle, Wash-

Peninsula in northern Austra-

leader Augusto Pinochet’s ington

lia

traveling military death squad Cannery Row Monterey, Cali-

Capi Muriel Wylie Blanchet

Capirucha Mexican-American-

carbolic acid phenol

fornia’s fishery foreshore de- Carbonaro Napoleon III be-

ism for Mexico City

scribed by John Steinbeck in lieved to belong to the Car- his novel

Capital of Black America

boneria political society Cannon City K a n n a p o l i s ,

Harlem section of New York

City

Cargo Port of the Pacific

North Carolina where Can-

Vancouver, British Columbia non towels are made

Capital of the Black Middle

Class Durham, North Caro-

Carib Carib Indians; Carib-

Cannon King Alfred Krupp— bean countries; Caribbean

lina

German armament manufac- Sea between the Antilles,

Capital of the Cotswolds Cir-

turer (1812–1887) Central America, northern

encester

Capital of the Highlands Inv-

Cannon Kings of Germany

South America

Caribou De Havilland twin-en- The Krupp family

erness, Scotland

gine stol transport designated Canoe City Old Town, Maine

Capital of Hope Brasilia

DHC-4 in Canada and C-7A canola Canada oil (rapeseed)

Capital of the Incan Empire

in the United States where it Cantabrian Surge Bay of Bis-

Cuzco, Peru

is also called CV-2A cay

Capital of Memory A l ex a n -

Carinthia Kärnten, Austria Cantinflas Mario Moreno

dria, Egypt, according to

Carioca(s) native(s) of Rio de Canuck F r e n c h - C a n a d i a n ;

Lawrence Durrell

Janeiro twoplace jet interceptor built

Capital of the Pirate Coast

Carl Brandes Edvard Cohen in Canada by Avro and desig-

Ras Al-Khaimak (northern-

Carleton Kendrake Erle Stan- nated CF-100

most sheikdom of Trucial

ley Gardner Canuckland Canada

Oman at the Strait of Ormuz)

Carl Milles Vilhelm Carl Emil Cao Tú Phan Van Khoai

Capital of Polynesia A u c k -

land, New Zealand

Anderson

Eponyms, Nicknames

Carlo Collodi Carlo Lorenzini

Celery City C e d a r R a p i d s , Carlo Maria C a r l o M a r i a

Casey Stengel Charles Dillon

Iowa; Kalamazoo, Michigan Giulini

Stengel

Celestial City John Bunyan’s Carlos Arruza C a r l o s R u i z

Cash and Cary m i l l i o n a i r e

name for Heaven in Pilgrim’s Carnino

Barbara Hutton and actor

Progress ; old traveller’s name Carmella Ponselle C a r m e l l a

Cary Grant, as known when

for Peking, China Ponzillo

they married

Celestial Empire Chinese Em- Carmen Miranda M a r i a d e

Casino City Monte Carlo, Mo-

pire Cormo Cunha

naco

Celine L o u i s - F e r d i n a n d Carmen Silva E l i s a b e t h

castile castile soap (mild clean-

Destouches Carnegie’s Savior Vi o l i n i s t

ing agent originally made in

Queen of Romania

Celtic Fringe peoples of Corn- Isaac Stern who saved Carn-

Castile, Spain from olive oil

wall, Ireland, Scotland, and egie Hall from oblivion

and sodium hydroxide)

Wales on the fringe of En- Carol Carnac Edith Caroline

Cast-Iron Commodore M a t -

gland Rivett

thew Calbraith Perry

The Cat H a r r y B r e c h e e n

Celts Bretons, Cornish, Gaels, Carole King Carole Klein

(baseball)

Irish Gaelics, Manx, Scots Carolina Game Cock Thomas

Catch-Me-Who-Can Richard

Gaelics Sumter

Trevithick’s railway engine

Cement City A l l e n t ow n , Carolina racehorse r a z o r-

tested in 1808

Pennsylvania back hog

cat gold mica; yellowish mica

Censor of the Age T h o m a s Carol Lombard Jane Peters

Cathay China

Carlyle Carolus Magnus C h a r l e -

Cathedral of Learning U n i -

Centennials Coloradans magne

ve r s i t y o f P i t t s bu rg h ’s

Centennial State Colorado Caronia La Coruña (north-

52-story building

Center of Austria Salzburg western Spain in Roman

Cathedral of Music Carnegie

Hall, New York City

Center of the Copper Circle

Tucson, Arizona carpenter fish sperm whale

times)

catnip of the butterfly world

Center of the Nation To p e k a , Dalton, Georgia

buddleia

Carpet Capital of the World

cats catfish

Kansas Carpet City Amsterdam, New

Center of Scenic America Utah York

cat’s eye chrysoberyl

cat’s fur Guatemalan mist

catsie cat’s-eye playing marble;

Center of the Sunshine State

Carrion’s disease P e r u v i a n -

Pierre, South Dakota sandfly anemia

polished agate resembling a

Central African Empire f o r- Carter Curtain Tortilla Cur-

cat’s eye

merly the Central African Re- tain

Cattle Capital Willcox, Ari-

public created from the Carter Doctrine d e f e n d t h e

zona

Ubangi Shari territory of Persian Gulf (named for

Caudillo de la Independencia

French Equatorial Africa Jimmy Carter, thirty-ninth

de Uruguay ( S p a n i s h —

Central America l a n d b e - president of the United

Chief of the Independence of

tween Colombia and Mex- States)

Uruguay)—José Gervasio

ico—Belize, Costa Rica, El The Carthaginian Lion G e n -

Artigas

Salvador, Guatemala, Hondu- eral Hannibal

cauliflower ear hematoma au-

ras, Nicaragua, and Panamá Cary Grant Archibald Leach

ris

Central Americans C o s t a Casablanca Miami, Florida

Cavaliers Virginians

Ricans, Guatemalans, Hon- Casa Grande Wi l l i a m R a n -

Cavalier State Virginia

durans, Nicaraguans, Pana- dolph Hearst’s main house at

caviar of drugs cocaine

manians, Salvadorans San Simeon, California

Cayenne French Guiana

Central Bureau Amsterdam’s Casanova Giacomo Girolamo

Cayo Hueso (Spanish—Bone

old section for illegal and il- Casa Pacifica former Presi-

Key)—original name of Key

licit activities dent Nixon’s Spanish-colo-

West, Florida

Central Powers Austria-Hun- Clemente, California

Cayuse Hughes OH-6 observa-

gary; Bulgaria; Germany, and Casa Rosada (Spanish—Pink

nial seaside home at San

tion helicopter

Turkey (in World War I) House)—Argentine presi-

C Day Lewis Nicholas Blake

Cedar Crest executive man-

sion of the governor of Kan-

Central Prairie Province

dent’s office building in Bue-

Saskatchewan nos Aires

sas and eponym for executive

Central Provinces O n t a r i o Casbah Algiers, Algeria’s hill-

government throughout the

and Québec side redlight and underworld

state.

Central State Kansas district

Cee Cee Claudia Cardinale

Centurion British tank carry- Casey Jones J o h n L u t h e r

Celery Capital K a l a m a z o o ,

ing a crew of 4 and guns up Jones

Michigan; Sanford, Florida;

San Ysidro, California

to 105mm

Eponyms, Nicknames

Century of Confusion the 9th

Charles J Kenney Erle Stan- century when the empire of

Champion of the Old South

ley Gardner Charlemagne disintegrated—

President John Tyler

Charles the Simple C h a r l e s the 800s

Champions of Individualism

III of France Century of the Exodus t h e

John Stuart Mill and Herbert

Charley slang for Vietcong 13th century before the Chris-

Spencer

Charley Car St Charles Ave- tian era when Moses led the

Champion of States Rights

nue trolleycar; one of Amer- Israelites out of Egypt and

John C Calhoun—U.S. Sena-

ica’s oldest and the last in across the Red Sea—the

tor from South Carolina

New Orleans 1200s

Champion of the Underdog

Charley South C h a r l e s t o n , Ceramic City East Liverpool,

Clarence Darrow

South Carolina Ohio

Chance Personified Fo r t u n a

Charley West C h a r l e s t o n , Cereal City B a t t l e C r e e k ,

(Roman); Tyche (Greek)

West Virginia Michigan, and Cedar Rapids,

Chandeleurs Chandeleur Is-

Charlie Charles; letter C radio Iowa

lands off the coast of Louisi-

code; NATO name for Soviet Cervantes Miguel de Cer-

ana

C-class submarines built to vantes Saavedra (Spain’s

The Channel Beagle; English;

launch missiles underwater foremost author)

St George’s

Charlie Chaplin C h a r l e s Cesspool of Crime London or

Spencer Chaplin Paris around the turn of the

Channel City Santa Barbara,

Charlie Hustle P e t e R o s e century; New York today

California

Channel fever the sense of ex-

citement evident aboard ships

(baseball player)

Cesspool of Latin America

Charlot (Spanish—Charlie)— Cayenne, French Guiana

Charlie Chaplin Cesspool of Pirates J o h n F

approaching their port

Channel Islands J e r s ey,

Guernsey, Alderney, Brechau,

Charm Spot of the Deep

Kennedy International Air-

South Mobile, Alabama port in New York where cargo

Charter Oak City H a r t f o r d , thefts are the highest in the

Great Sark, Little Sark, Herm,

Jethou, Lihou; also off Cali-

Connecticut, where the origi- nation

fornia’s coast near Santa Bar-

nal charter was hidden in an Ceylon Sri Lanka

bara

oak tree to insure the liberty Chagas-Cruz disease S o u t h

Chapino(s) Guatemalan(s)

of the First settlers American sleeping sickness

Charter Oak State Connecti- Chained Lady Andromeda

Chappiequack C h a p p a q u a ,

New York

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

cut

Chairman of the Board

muscular atrophy

Chatham Island, Galápagos

Frank Sinatra; Whitey Ford San Cristóbal

(Ed Ford— baseball) cheapies cheap goods; cheap

Charger Convair multipurpose

short takeoff-and-landing air-

Chairman Mao M a o

merchandise; cheap stocks Tse-Tung

Checkpoint Charlie f o r m e r Champagne of Drugs cocaine

plane

Charioteer B r i t i s h Wo r l d

international frontier between

East and West Berlin Champagne of Teas D a r j e e l -

War II medium tank armed

Cheesebox convict’s nickname ing tea (from Darjeeling, In-

with an 83.4mm gun

for the Illinois penitentiary at dia)

Charles Atlas Angelo Sicil-

iano

Statesville

Champion of Copernican Cos-

Che Guevara Ernesto Guevara mology Italian philosopher

Charles the Bald Charles I of

de la Serna Giordano Bruno

France

Chelmer native of Chelm (an- Champion of Darwin T h o -

Charles B Child C Ve r n o n

cient Jewish town in Poland mas Henry Huxley

Frost

Charles Blondin J e a n

known in folklore as the Town

Champion of Education

of Fools) Horace Mann

François Gravelet (French ac-

robat who walked tightrope

Chelmo Polish name for con-

Champion of Freethought

centration camp called Kulm- President John F Kennedy

above Niagara River near

hof by the Germans who believed in an America

Niagara Falls in 1855, 1859,

Chelsea Gang John Dos Pas- where the separation of

sos, Suzanne La Follette, Sin- church and state is absolute

Charles Bronson C h a r l e s

clair Lewis, Mary McCarthy, and who renounced the ap-

Buchinski

Ben Stolberg, who were pointment of an American

Charles Dalmorès Henry Al-

among the first to expose the ambassador to the Vatican and

phonse Boin

totalitarian nature of the tax support of parochial

Charles de Secondat B a r o n

USSR; lived in the Chelsea schools

de la Brède et Montesquieu

Hotel, New York City Champion of Liberty E n -

Charles the Fat Charles II of

Chemical Capital Wi l m i n g - glish reformer Charles Brad-

France

ton, Delaware laugh

Charles Island, Galápagos

Floreana or Santa Maria

Chemnitz Karl-Marx-Stadt

Eponyms, Nicknames

Chequers British prime minis-

Talcahuano, Coronella, Lota,

Chinese Offshore Ports on

Formosa or Taiwan C h i - Cher Cherilyn Sarkisian

ter’s country home

Valdivia, Puerto Montt, Pu-

lung (Keelung), Kaohsiung, Chero(s) Salvadoran(s)—per-

erto Quellon, Punta Arenas

Su-Ao, Hua-Lien, Tso-Ying, son or people of El Salvador,

Chile’s Principal Port Va l -

An-Ping, Tan-Shui Central America

paraiso

Chimneyville Jackson, Missis-

Chinese Restaurant Syn-

Cheryl Ladd Cheryl Stoppel-

drome symptoms of those moor

sippi

sensitive to MSG (monoso- Chester Conklin Jules Cowles

dium glutamate)—tingling, Cheyenne Mountain a i r- d e -

china clay kaolin (hydrous alu-

headache, numbness, flush, fense complex near Pike’s

minum silicate)

palpitations Peak, Colorado

China’s Baby Capital Guang-

Chinese tobacco opium Chicago Group p o e t s a n d

zhou (Canton), China

chinese white zinc oxide (ZnO) writers born in the Chicago

China’s Main Street Yangtze

Chinese white fentanyl area around 1900—Sherwood

Kiang (Chinese—Yangtze

Chino Men California (correc- Anderson, Willa Cather,

River)

tional) Institution for Men at Floyd Dell, John Dos Passos,

China’s Sorrow soil-eroding

Chino Theodore Dreiser, Finley Pe-

Yellow River

Chinook Boeing-Vertol twin- ter Dunne, James T Farrell,

Chinatown Chinese quarter of

rotor helicopter designated Francis Hackett, Harry

any city outside China

CH-47 Hansen, Ernest Hemingway,

China Valley San Gabriel Val-

Chinook State Washington Vachel Lindsay, Archibald

ley, California

Chipmunk Hawker-Siddeley MacLeish, Edgar Lee Mas-

china white synthetic heroin

trainer aircrraft ters, Harriett Monroe, Frank

(often deadly)

China white fentanyl (more

Chitlin Capital of the World

Norris, Burton Rascoe, Carl

Salley, South Carolina Sandburg, Kay Boyle, TS

powerful than morphine, also

Chi Town Chicago’s nickname Eliot, Scott Fitzgerald, Sin-

nicknamed Persian white)

chloride of lime b l e a c h i n g clair Lewis, Carl and Mark

chinese chinese banana (dwarf

powder Van Doren

banana), chinese cabbage

The Chicago of the Ever-

(petsai) , chinese checkers,

Chocolate City H e r s h ey,

Pennsylvania

Chocolate Coast Ghana Chicago piano s u b m a c h i n e

glades Clewiston, Florida

chinese gelatin (agar or isin-

glass), chinese glue (alcohol

Choctaw Sikorsky troop-trans- gun

+ shellac), chinese greens

port helicopter designated Chi-chi naval nickname for

(vegetables), chinese ink (in-

H-34 Christchurch, South Island,

dia ink), chinese puzzle, chi- nese red, chinese watermelon

Cholera Capital Calcutta New Zealand

Cholly Knickerbocker I g o r Chickasaw Sikorsky transport

(wax gourd), chinese white (barium sulfate), chinese

Cassini helicopter designated H-19 or

Chomolungma Ti b e t a n — UH-19

wood oil (tung oil)

Mount Everest Chicken Noodle News C a b l e

Choo-Choo Town C h a t t a - News Network’s nickname in

Chinese anesthesia acupunc-

nooga, Tennessee its infancy

ture

chop shop place where stolen Chicken War trade dispute in

Chinese cows soybeans Chinese Gordon British gen-

autos are dismantled and sold the 1960s between the United

by the part States and some European na-

eral Charles George Gordon

Chosen Apostle s e l f - p r o - tions over frozen chicken

who suppressed the Taiping

claimed radio preacher Her- Chico Marx Leonard Marx

rebels; later named Gordon

bert W Armstrong The Chief Herbert Hoover,

Pasha for similar services in

Chotzie Samuel Chotzinoff train on Chicago-Los Angeles

the Sudan

Christiania Oslo’s medieval run of Santa Fe

Chinese Mainland Ports

name Chieftain British main battle

Macao, Huang-Pu, Kuang-

Christianna Brand M a r y tank armed with a 120mm

Chou, Hong Kong (former

Christianna Milne Lewis gun

British Crown Colony),

Christian Right A m e r i c a n Child of the Mississippi Lou-

Shant-T Ou, HsiaMen,

Coalition for Traditional Val- isiana

L o - H s i n g - Ta , M a o - Ti ,

ues (includes the Moral Ma- Children of Joseph Israelites

Ning-Po, Shanghai, Chen

jority) Children of Pharoah E g y p -

Chiang, Nan-Ching, Wu-Hu,

Christmas Cove South Bris- tians

Chiu-Chiang, Hang-kou,

tol, Maine Chilean Ports San Juan Bau-

Chang-Sha, Ching-Tao, Wei-

Christopher Columbus Cris- tista, Arica, Iquique. Toco-

Hai, Yen-Tai, Ta-Ku. Tieng-

tóbal Colón (Spanish); Cris- pilla, Antofagasta, Taltal, Val-

Ching, Chin-Huang-Tao, Hu-

toforo Colombo (Italian) paraiso, San Antonio.

Lu-Tao, Ying-K-Ou, Lu-

Shun, Luta (Dairen)

Chromium Continent Africa

Eponyms, Nicknames

Chrysler Chrysler Building of

City of Brick Pullman, Illinois New York at 42nd Street and

The City financial, govern-

City of Brotherly Love Phila- Lexington Avenue

mental, historical, and com-

delphia (derived from the Chuck Norris Carlos Ray

mercial core of London, in-

Greek) philos (love) and adel- Chuco Mexican-Americanism

cluding newspaper publishing

phos (brother) for El Paso, Texas

district, Bank of England,

City of the Caliphs Cairo Chuey ( S p a n i s h - A m e r i c a n

Lloyd’s, many famous restau-

City of the Camellias Pensa- nickname—Jesus)

rants; San Francisco, Califor-

cola, Florida Chuppies Chinese urban pro-

nia

City of 1000 Lakes O k l a -

City of Canals and Bridges

Amsterdam, Copenhagen, chutz chutzpah (Yiddish—un-

fessionals

homa City, Oklahoma

Leningrad, Stockholm, and mitigated gall; some nerve)

City of Abraham Hebron, Is-

Venice Cicero Marcus Tullius

rael

City of the Carmel Haifa, Is- Cigar Capital Key West, Flor-

City of Alexander the Great

rael, on the slopes of Mount ida; Tampa, Florida

Alexandria, Egypt

Carmel Cigar City Tampa, Florida

City of Aluminum A r v i d a ,

City of Castles Copenhagen Cigarette Josiah Flynt Willard

Québec

City of Cats Venice (felines Cincinnati oysters pig’s feet

City of the Angel San Angelo,

outnumber people) cinnamon stone hessonite

Texas

City of Certainties D e s Cinquecento ( I t a l i a n — fi ve

City of Angels Bangkok, Los

Moines, Iowa hundred)—Italy’s 16th cen-

Angeles

City of Champions Pittsburgh tury artistic and cultural de-

City of the Apprentice Boys

City of Cheese Dutch cities of velopment

Londonderry, Northern Ire-

Alkmaar and Gouda Cipango Japan, as it was called

land

City of the Arctic Tr o m s o ,

City of Cheese, Chairs, Chil-

dren, and Churches S h e - Circus King John Ringling

by early European explorers

Norway

boygan, Wisconsin Cisco Kid Duncan Reynaldo

City of the Arts Minneapolis

City of Churches B r o o k l y n , (Renault Renaldo Duncan)

City of Athena Athens

New York Cissie Patterson Eleanor Me-

City of Baked Beans Boston,

City College British euphe- dill Patterson

Massachusetts

mistic name for Newgate Cissy Loftus M a r y C e c i l i a

City by the Bay S a n F r a n -

Gaol—the old London M’Carthy

cisco

lockup; New Yorker nick- The Cit The Citadel Military

City of Beaches Montevideo,

name for the Tombs prison, in College of South Carolina

Uruguay

Manhattan Citadel of Budapest Burgberg

City of Beautiful Spires

City of Coral coral reefs off Citians people of Minneapolis

Copenhagen

the Virgin Islands and St Paul also called Twin

City of Bells S t r a s b o u rg ,

City of Corsairs S t M a l o , Citians

France

France Cities of Culture E d i n bu rg h

City of Berwald Stockholm,

City of Cypresses Rome and Glasgow

Sweden

City of David Jerusalem Cities of the Plain A d m a h ,

City Beside the Broad Mis-

City of Death Beirut, Leba- Gomorrah, Sodom, and Ze-

souri Bismarck, North Da-

non; Kipling’s name for boim on the Jordan River

kota

Lahore, Pakistan Plain of ancient Israel near

City Between Bridges Stock-

City of Destiny Ta c o m a , the Dead Sea

holm

Washington Citizen Capet Louis XVI (be-

City of Bicycles Copenhagen

City of the Doges Venice headed during French Revo-

City of Big Shoulders C a r l

City of Dreadful Night K i - lution)

Sandburg’s sobriquet for Chi-

pling’s nickname for Calcutta Citizen Composer D m i t r i

cago

City of Dreaming Spires O x - Shostakovich

City of Birches Umeå, Swe-

ford, England Citizen of Geneva J e a n

den

City of Dreams P o r t Jacques Rousseau

City of Birm Sym Orch C i t y

Townsend, Washington Citizen King Louis Philippe of

of Birmingham (England)

City of the Dunes D u n ke r- France

Symphony Orchestra

que, France Citizen Louis Capet L o u i s

City of Black Diamonds

City Ed City Editor XVI

Scranton, Pennsylvania

City of Elms New Haven Citizen of the World O l ive r

City of Blazing Lights

City of Eternal Spring Cara- Goldsmith, Thomas Paine

Shanghai

cas Citlatepetl Orizaba

City of the Blues M e m p h i s ,

Tennessee (home of WC

City of Fair Breezes B u e n o s

Aires, Argentina Citrus Metropolis Los Ange-

citric acid C 8 H 6 O 7 Handy)

City of Five Seasons C e d a r les

City of Brazilian Churches

Rio de Janeiro’s nickname

Rapids, Iowa

Eponyms, Nicknames

City of Flour Buffalo, Minne-

City of Presidents Q u i n cy, apolis

City of Louis Paris

Massachusetts City of Fountains A i x - e n -

City of Magnificent Distances

City of the Prophet M e d i n a , Provence, France; Bratislava

Washington, D.C.

Saudi Arabia, where Moham- City of Four Lakes Madison,

City of Manifold Advantages

med was protected after flee- Wisconsin

Augusta, Maine

ing from Mecca City of Fun and Frolic Atlan-

City of Mankind Jerusalem

City of Masts Port of London

City of Quays and Grieg

Bergen, Norway City of Gardens Lahore, Paki-

tic City, New Jersey

City of Millionaires Colorado

City of Razzle Dazzle one of stan; Victoria, British Colum-

Springs

O Henry’s nicknames for bia

City of Minarets Miknès, Mo-

rocco

New York City he also called

City of Gardens and Beaches

Bagdad on the Subway Adelaide, Australia

City of Money Zurich, Swit-

City of Receptions Washing- City of the Gods Te o t i h u a -

zerland

ton, D.C. cán— religious capital of

City of Monuments B a l t i -

City by the Rivers K a n s a s Mexico in the fifth century

more, Maryland; Florence, It-

City where the Kansas River before the Christian Era

aly

flows into the Missouri; Min- City of Gold Dawson, Yukon

City of Mosques I s t a n bu l ,

neapolis–St Paul on the Min- Territory

Turkey

nesota and Mississippi; Phil- City by the Golden Gate San

City in Motion S a n D i eg o ,

adelphia on the Delaware and Francisco

California

City of Mozart Salzburg, Aus-

Schuylkill; Pittsburgh on the

City of the Golden Horn

Allegheny, Ohio and Monon- Istanbul

tria

gahela; Portland, Oregon on City of Good Neighbors A r-

City of Music and Song Vi -

the Columbia and the Wil- lington Heights, Illinois

enna

lamette; St Louis where the City of Green Spires Copen-

City of Nielsen Copenhagen,

Mississippi meets the Mis- hagen

Denmark

souri City of Grieg Bergen, Norway

City of Nine Dragons

Kowloon, Hong Kong

City of Rocks Nashville, Ten-

City Grown Too Big For Its

nessee Bridges San Francisco

City of Notions Boston, Mas-

sachusetts

City of Roses Portland, Ore-

City of Hans Christian Ander-

gon sen Copenhagen, Denmark

City of Oaks Raleigh, North

Carolina

City of Ruins and Roses

City of Heat T h e r m o p o l i s ,

Visby, Sweden Wyoming

City of One Hundred Hills

City of Rumors Washington City of Historical Charm Sa-

San Francisco, California

D.C. vannah

City on the Neva St Peters-

burg’s nickname

City of Rum and Sugar

City of a Hundred Hills S a n

Francisco Georgetown, Guyana

City of Palaces Rome, Italy,

and Vatican City

City of a Hundred Spires

City of Sails Auckland, New

Prague Zealand

City of Palms A c a j u t l a , E l

Salvador; Fort Myers, Flor-

City of a Hundred Towers

City of Saints Montreal Pavia, Italy

City of Salt Salzburg, Austria; City of Illicit Love Paphos on

ida; and Maracaibo, Venezu-

Syracuse, New York Cyprus

ela

City by the Sea N ew p o r t , City of the Immortals A m a -

City of the Pampas B u e n o s

Rhode Island rapura, Burma

Aires

City of the Sea Venice City of Jade Oaxaca, México

City of Peace Brunei

City of Penn P h i l a d e l p h i a ,

built on Aventine, Caelian, New Orleans, Louisiana

Pennsylvania founded by

City of Seven Hills Rome, Italy,

City of Jazz and Mardi Gras

William Penn

City of Personality C i n c i n -

Capitoline, Esquiline, Pala-

City of Kielland and Bjelland

tine, Quirinal, and Viminal Stavanger, Norway

nati, Ohio

City of Peter the Great Saint

City of Seventy Isles Venice

City of Kings and Common-

City of Shoes Brockton, Mas- ers Copán, Honduras

Petersburg (later called Petro-

sachusetts City of Lakes D a r t m o u t h ,

grad and Leningrad)

City of Sibelius Helsinki, Fin- Nova Scotia

City of the Plains

land City of Light Paris, France;

Christchurch, New Zealand

City of Silver Taxco, México Perth, Western Australia

City of Poets Jérémie, Haiti,

City of the Silver Gate S a n City of Lillies Florence, Italy

birthplace of the father of Al-

Diego City by the Lion’s Gate Van-

exandre Dumas (Dumas pére)

City of Sinbad Basra, Iraq couver, British Columbia

and grandfather of Alexandre

City of Sinding Oslo, Norway City of Lost Angels Los An-

Dumas (Dumas fils)

City in the Sky Macchu Pic- geles, California

City of Power Peking, Peo-

ple’s Republic of China

chu, Peru

Eponyms, Nicknames

City of Skyscrapers N ew

Clara Covell North C l a r a E York

City of Three Capitols Little

Ellis City of the Slain A r l i n g t o n

Rock, Arkansas

Claribel Charlotte Alington- National Cemetery in Arling-

City of the Three Kings C o -

Barnard ton, Virginia

logne, Germany, where it is

Clarin Leopoldo Alas y Urena City of Smells Old Delhi, In-

reputed the Magi or Three

Clarita Clara Elena dia

Kings are buried; Lima, Peru

Clark U.S. air base, Luzon Is- City of Smokestacks Everett,

City of Totems Ke t c h i k a n ,

land, Philippines Washington

Alaska

Clark Gable William Gable City of Soles Lynn, Massachu-

City of Trees C h r i s t c h u r c h ,

Classic City Kyoto, Honshu setts

New Zealand; Saratoga

Island, Japan City of Sorrow Buchenwald

Springs, New York

City of the Tribes G a lwa y,

Classifier and Compiler

(concentration camp near We-

Extraordinaire D r P e t e r imar, Germany)

Ireland

Mark Roget City of Southern Charm S a -

City under Vesuvius Naples

Claude Lorraine C l a u d e vannah, Georgia

City of the Violet Crown

Gellée of Lorraine City of Spies Beirut, Berlin,

Athens

Claudette Colbert Lily Cau- Copenhagen, Hong Kong,

City of Washington Washing-

choin London, New York, Paris,

ton, D.C.

Claudio Lars Carmen Bran- Singapore, Stockholm, Vi-

City of Walls Beijing, China

non de Samayoa enna, Zurich, Washington,

City on the Water A m s t e r-

The Claw Otto Schnelbacher D.C.

dam, Copenhagen, Stock-

(basketball player) City of Spires Copenhagen

holm, and Venice

Clay-eaters South Carolinians City State Singapore and the

City of Witches Salem, Mas-

Vatican City State

sachusetts

Cleat Soviet Tupolev Tu-124

long-range transport (NATO) City of Steel Pittsburgh, Penn-

City without Clocks Las Ve-

clicks Internet businesses sylvania City of St Mark Venice

gas, Nevada

Ciudad Blanca ( S p a n i s h —

Clifford Ashdown p s e u d - onym shared by R Austin

City of St Michael Dumfries,

White City)—Guayaquil, Ec- uador’s cemetery; (Spanish—

Freeman and John James Scotland City of St Mungo G l a s g ow,

Pitcairn Clifton Webb Webb Parmalee Scotland

White City)—Merida,

Yucatan

Hollenbeck City of the Straits D e t r o i t ,

Ciudad de los Reyes ( S p a n -

Clinton’s Big Ditch Erie Ca- Michigan, on the Straits of

ish—City of the Kings)—

nal advocated by Governor Belle Isle

Lima, Peru

De Witt Clinton of New York City of Suds Milwaukee

Clinton’s Folly Erie Canal (see City of the Sun Baalbec, He-

Ciudad Imperial y Coronado

Clinton’s Big Ditch) liopolis, and Rhodes; Cam-

(Spanish—Imperial and

Clio Joseph Addison’s pseud- panella’s utopian republic

Crowned City)—Toledo,

onym; in Greek mythology City of Sunshine C o l o r a d o

Spain

the muse of history or of lyre Springs, Colorado; Los An-

Ciudad Loca (Spanish—Crazy

playing geles, California; Tucson, Ar-

City)—Barranquilla, Colom-

Cloud Piercer New Zealand’s izona

bia during carnival

Mount Cook (12,349 feet or City of Surprises Amsterdam

Civil Rights Leader M a r t i n

3,764 meters) City Surreal Miami, Florida

Luther King, Jr

Clown of the Orchestra b a s - City of Symphonies London

Civil Service President U l -

soon City of Tamales San Antonio,

ysses Simpson Grant

Civil Service Reform Presi-

Clown Prince of Music

Danny Kaye City of Temples Benares, In-

Texas

dent Chester Alan Arthur

Civil War Photographer

Clowns of the Canine World

dia; Katmandu, Nepal

Matthew Brady

dachshunds

City of Ten Million Roosters

Clubland Pall Mall clubhouse Port-au-Prince, Haiti

Claire Trevor C l a i r e We m -

section of London City That Boeing Built Seat-

linger

Clyde the Glide Clyde Drex- tle

Clamcatcher(s) New Jersey-

ler (basketball) City That Care Forgot N ew

ite(s)

Coach Soviet Ilyushin trans- Orleans

Clamgrabber(s) Washingto-

port plane I1–12 (NATO) City That Knows How S a n

nian(s)

Coal City Pottsville, Pennsyl- Francisco

Clam States New Jersey and

Washington

vania

City That Swims on the Water

Coaley Samuel Coleridge-Tay- Stockholm

Clam Town Norwalk, Con-

necticut

lor

City of the Thousand and One

Coal Metropolis C a r d i ff , Nights Baghdad, Iraq

clap gonorrhea

clap joint brothel

Wales

Eponyms, Nicknames

Coal State Pennsylvania

Columbia Lou L o u G e h r i g Coatzacoalcos formerly Puerto

(mottled brown and gray

(baseball player) Mexico

stoneware); cologne water

Columbus Cristóbal Colón Cobbler Poet Hans Sachs of

(eau de cologne, toilet water);

(Spanish); Cristoforo Co- Nuremberg, also known as

cologne yellow (chrome-yel-

lombo (Italian); name of Prince of the Meistersingers

low and lead-sulfate pigment)

places in some twelve states Cobh Gaelic name for Queen-

Colombian Colombian-grown

in the United States; Ohio’s stown

marijuana; Colombian moun-

capital Cobra Bolkow wire-guided

tain-grown coffee

Colombian connection n e t -

Columbus of the Cosmos

anti-tank missile made in

Russian cosmonaut Yuri Al- Germany

work of brokers, farmers, pol-

exeyevich Gagarin Cocaine of the ’90s c o m -

iticians, and smugglers con-

nected with the export of

Columbus of the Subcon-

puter chips, which have high

scious Sigmund Freud street value and can be diffi-

Columbian-grown coca leaf

Comedian Pianist Vi c t o r cult to trace when stolen

products and marijuana to

Borge Cocaine Capital Bogotá, Co-

Canada and the United States

Comedian’s Comedian B e r t lombia and Jackson Heights,

Colombian First Colombia’s

Williams Queens, New York

best-known classical com-

poser—Guillermo Uribe

Comenius John Amos Komen-

Cocaine Capital of Colombia

sky Medellin

Holguin

Comet British medium tank Cochise Beech T-42 transport

Colombian Ports S a n t a

built during World War II; De aircraft

Marta, Barranquilla, Carta-

Haviland four-engine jet Cockade City Petersburg, Vir-

gena, Covenas, Buenaven-

transport aircraft ginia

tura, and Ríohacha

Colombia’s Principal Port

Comic Symbol of the Century

Cockade State Maryland

Charlie Chaplin Cockney Poet John Keats

Barranquilla

Colón formerly Aspinwall

Commando C - 4 6 C u r t i s s -

Cockpit of the American Rev-

Wright 36-passenger trans- olution New Jersey

Colonels natives of Kentucky

port built during World War Cockpit of Europe Belgium

Colonne Edouard Judá Col-

onne, French conductor

II; Cadillac-Gage amphibious

Cockpit of the Middle East

armed car and military per- Syria

Colossus of the African Conti-

sonnel carrier (XM-706); Cocky Eddie Collins (baseball)

nent the Sudan

Dodge-built military person- Coco Chanel Gabrielle Bon-

Colossus of the Eurasian Con-

nel carrier built during World heur Chanel

tinent the USSR

War II Codder(s) C a p e C o d r e s i -

Colossus of Independence

John Adams

The Commerce Comet

Mickey Mantle (baseball Code Hammurabi B a b y l o -

dent(s)

Colossus of the Indian and

player) nian civil and legal code es-

Pacific Oceans Australia

Colossus of the North United

Commercial Capital of Can-

ada Toronto before the Christian era

tablished in the 20th century

States of America

commie communist Code Napoléon French civil

Colossus of the North Ameri-

commode portable toilet code established in 1804

can Continent Canada

Commoner The Commoner— Codfishland Newfoundland

Colossus of the South Ameri-

William Jennings Bryan Coke City Uniontown, Penn-

can Continent Brazil

Colquhoun Calhoun

Communist Capitalist

Friedrich Engels Col Lucius Iunius Moderatus

sylvania

Colt Colt revolver (invented by

Communist East c o u n t r i e s Columella (Roman writer on

Samuel Colt of Hartford,

dominated by China agriculture)

Connecticut)

Communist West occidental Colette S i d o n i e G a b r i e l l e

Colter’s Hell Yellowstone (for

countries dominated by the Claudine de Jouvenal

John Colter, mountain man,

former Soviet Union Collar City Troy, New York

who traversed part of what is

now national park)

Community of True Inspira-

College of New Jersey Princ-

tion Amana, Iowa eton University’s original

Columbia A m e r i c a ; S o u t h

Commy Charlie Comiskey name

Carolina’s capital; the United

States

(baseball player)

College of Rhode Island

Comoro Island Ports M o - Brown University’s original

Columbia first space shuttle

roni, Patsy, Mutsamudu, Fo- name

launched from Cape Canav-

mboni Collodi Carlo Lorenzini

eral, Florida in April 1981

Comoros Republic of the Co- cologne c o l o g n e b r ow n

Columbia City Va n c o u ve r,

moros (island nation in the In- (vandyke brown); cologne

Washington

dian Ocean northwest of spirits (highly concentrated

Columbia the Gem of the

Madagascar), Etat Comorien ethyl alcohol); cologneware

Ocean United States of

America

The Company the CIA

Eponyms, Nicknames

Compton Mackenzie Edward

The Consulate France under Montagu Compton

Connecticut Ports New Lon-

the First Consul—Napoleon computer virus computer pro-

don, New Haven, Bridgeport

Bonaparte—1799–1804 gram that “infects” other

Connection City Amsterdam,

Contadora Group Colombia, computers, destroying files

Marseilles, Miami, Sin-

Mexico, Panama, Venezuela and even hard drives

gapore, and major airports

where drugs are smuggled

Contemporary Cassandra

Conca Doro (Italian—Shell of

Dorothy Thompson Gold)—nickname of the hills

Connemara poet Carl Sand-

Continent The Continent (usu- encircling Palermo

burg’s home in Flat Rock,

ally Europe; also Africa, Ant- Conçha Maria de la Con-

North Carolina

arctica, Asia, Australia, North cepción

Connie Mack C o r n e l i u s

America, South America) Conch(s) inhabitant(s) of Key

McGillicuddy

Continental Divide R o c ky West, Florida and nearby keys

Connie Stevens Concetta In-

Mountain ridge separating Conch Town Key West, Flor-

golia

rivers flowing eastward to the ida

Conniver from Kennebunk-

Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Concordance Cruden A l ex -

port George Bush

of Mexico from those flowing ander Cruden—compiler of

Conquering Lion of Judah and

westward to the Pacific the Complete Concordance of

King of Kings E m p e r o r

Haile Selassie of Ethiopia

Continental Maritime World

the Holy Scriptures published

the Great Lakes (Erie, Huron, in 1737

Conqueror of Disease L o u i s

Michigan, Ontario, Superior) Concorde Anglo-French su-

Pasteur

Continental Nation Australia personic airplane attaining

Conqueror of Mount Everest

Continent of Hope S o u t h cruising speeds of 1300 miles

Sir Edmund Hillary

America per hour

Conqueror of Suez F e r d i -

Convair 600 C o nva i r- L i n e r Concord Group Bronson Al-

nand de Lesseps

powered by Rolls-Royce cott, Ralph Waldo Emerson,

Conquerors of Yellow Fever

turbo-prop engines Margaret Fuller, Nathaniel

Walter Reed and his col-

Cook Islands Danger, Mana- Hawthorn, Henry David Tho-

leagues Aristides Agramonte,

hiki, Penrhyn or Tongareva, reau

James Carroll, and Jesse

Rakahanga and nearby islets The Concord Sage R a l p h

Lazear

in the South Pacific Waldo Emerson

Conrad Joseph (Korzeniow-

Cookpot Soviet Tupolev Tu- Concrete Jungle modern met-

ski) Conrad—English novel-

124 jet-transport aircraft ropolitan center

ist

(NATO) Condemned Rock Tasmanian

Conrad Veidt Konrad Weidt

Cool Papa James Bell (base- nickname for Grummet Is-

Conscience of America N o r-

ball) land, Macquarie Harbour

man Thomas

Coon Dog Capital Vienna, Il- where there is a penitentiary

Conscience of American

linois condo circuit string of retire-

Music Gunther Schuller

Copa de Oro (Spanish—Cup ment communities at which

Conscience of the American

of Gold)—pirate’s nickname entertainers perform

Theater Brooks Atkinson

for Panama Condor N o r t h A m e r i -

Conscience of Europe Vo l -

Copeia periodical of the Amer- can-Rockwell air-to-surface

taire

ican Society of Ichthyologists missile (AGM-53A)

Conscience of the Left

and Herpetologists named for Condorcet Marie Jean Antoine

George Orwell

the naturalist Edward Drinker Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis

Constable Country E a s t

Berghott in England’s Sussex

Cope

copenhagen surprise naval at- Coney Island butter mustard

de Condorcet

where James Constable’s

tack without warning of a Confederate Raider Rear Ad-

award-winning landscapes

fleet at anchor in the manner miral Raphael Semmes, CSN

were painted

Constable of France Charles

of Nelson’s sortie in 1801

Confederation Province

Copernicus Latinized name of Prince Edward Island

De Gaulle

Polish astronomer Nikolaus Confetti Canyon lower Broad-

Constantia J u d i t h S a rg e n t

Kopernicki way, from Bowling Green to

Murray

Copper City Butte, Montana City Hall Park, New York

Constantinople Istanbul

Copper John Auburn Prison City where during parades

Constant Reader D o r o t h y

near Syracuse, New York confetti and waste paper are

Parker

Coppernose Henry the VIII thrown from upper-floor win-

Constellation Lockheed 63-

whose portrait exhibited a dows

passenger transport

copper-colored nose on the Confucius Kung Fu-tse

Constitution State Connecti-

coins minted during his reign Congo Ports Loango, Pointe

cut

copper pyrites chalcopyrite Noire, Malongo Oil Terminal

Constructionist President

James Buchanan

(copper iron sulfide)

Eponyms, Nicknames

Copper State Arizona; Wis-

Court of St James B r i t i s h consin

Corvette antisubmarine-war-

royal court Coral Atoll Country Nauru

fare convoy escort ship

Cousin Jack a Cornishman; a Coral Coast Fiji’s hotel com-

Cory Corazon Aquino

Cornish miner plex between Sigatoka and

cos lettuce from Greek island of

Cousin Jenny Cornish girl or Yanuca

Cos

woman Cora Montgomery Jane Mc-

cosa nostra ( I t a l i a n — o u r

Covent Garden T h e R oy a l Manus

thing)—nickname for inter-

Opera House in London adja- Corbusier Charles-Édouard

national criminal syndicate

cent to Covent Garden mar- Jeanneret

network

ketplace Corn Belt lllinois, Indiana,

Cosimo palette name of Piero

Cowboy Artist C h a r l e s M Iowa, and Nebraska

di Lorenzo who took the

Russell Cornbread Cedric Maxwell

given name of his teacher Co-

Cowboy Capital Dodge City, (basketball player)

simo Roselli

Kansas Corn City Toledo, Ohio

Cosmopolis of the Heartland

Cowboy Philosopher Wi l l Corncob Capital Wa s h i n g -

Kansas City

Rogers ton, Missouri

Cosmopolitan Canadian-built

Cowboys Texans Corncracker(s) Kentuckian(s)

medium-range transport de-

cowboys of the sea porpoises Corncracker State Kentucky

signed by General Dynamics

Cowboy State Wyoming Cornell bread nutritious bread

and designated CC-109

Cowtown Fort Worth, Texas; developed at Cornell Univer-

Costa de la Muerte ( S p a n -

ish—death coast) Spain’s

Kansas City, Kansas and Mis-

souri; Omaha, Nebraska and nonfat dry milk are added

sity; soy flour, wheat germ,

northwesterly stormbound

coast

to wheat flour

Costa Geriatrica ( L a t i n —

Coyote Cowboy Pecos Bill Coyote(s) South Dakotan(s)

Corn Geneticist Barbara Mc-

Coyote State South Dakota Cornhusker(s) Nebraskan(s)

elderly coast) southeast coast

The Crab Jesse Burkett (base- Cornhusker State Nebraska

Clintock

of England frequented by

many older people

ball player) Cornish Riviera English Rivi-

Costa Rican Ports L i m ó n ;

Crab Capital Crisfield, Mary- era extending from Falmouth

land to the Isles of Scilly

Puntarenas and Golfito

Crabtown Annapolis, Mary- Corn-Law Rhymer Ebenezer

Costermansville former name

of Bukavu

land Elliott

Cotton Al Brazle (baseball

crack low-cost smokable co- Corno di Bassetto (Italian—

player)

caine basset horn)—pen name used

Cotton Belt cotton-growing

Cracker Quixote A r t h u r R by George Bernard Shaw

areas of the southern United

Marshall when he was a music critic

States; also known as the Cot-

Crackers rural Floridians and Cornopolis Chicago

ton Kingdom

Georgians Corn State Illinois, Iowa

Cotton Bowl Dallas, Texas

Cracker State Georgia Cornubian Shore C o r n wa l l ,

cotton-dust disease b r ow n

crack head crack addict England

lung or byssinosis

Cottonopolis Manchester, En-

Cradle of American Culture

Corporal John John Churchill

and Music Carnegie Hall who became the first Duke of

gland

Cotton State Alabama

Cradle of American Indepen-

Marlborough; known to the

dence Independence Hall, Spaniards as Mambrú

Cottonwood City L e ave n -

Philadelphia Corregio Antonio Allegri

worth, Kansas

Cradle of American Liberty Corridor of Six Continents

couch potatoes sedentary peo-

Fanuel Hall in Boston, ac- sobriquet given the Panama

ple who watch a lot of televi-

cording to Daniel Webster Canal, Suez Canal, and pro-

sion

Cougar Grumman carrierbased

Cradle of the American Revo-

jected interoceanic sea-level

lution Faneuil Hall, Boston canals across Mexico and

transonic fighter aircraft

Cradle of Aviation San Diego Nicaragua

(F9F-6)

Cradle of California San Di- Corridor State New Jersey

Count Basie William Basie

ego Corrie Denison Eric Partridge

Count No Count Wi l l i a m

Cradle of Canadian Confeder- Corruption-Hating President

Faulkner (nickname from his

ation Prince Edward Island Grover Cleveland

Mississippi neighbors)

Cradle of Civilization Arme- Corsair Chance-Vought sin-

The Country Israel (in Hebrew,

nia, China, Egypt, Greece, In- gle-engine fighter popular

Ha’aretz )

dia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, during World War II (F4U)

Country of the Blacks Sudan

Jordan, Lebanon, Mexico, Corsican Napoleon Bonaparte

(Arabic—black)

Peru, Syria, and Turkey who was born on Corsica

Country of a Thousand Hills

Rwanda

Cradle of Classical Civiliza-

Corsican Ogre Napoleon

Courland Kurland

tion Greece

Eponyms, Nicknames

Cradle of the Confederacy

Cross of Geneva emblem of M o n t g o m e r y, A l a b a m a ;

Crawthumper(s) M a r y -

the Red Cross (red cross on a Charleston, South Carolina

lander(s)

white field) used to show the Cradle of Democracy ancient

Crazy Alley S a n Q u e n t i n

neutrality of ambulances, Greece

Prison’s insane asylum

Creative Genius of American

hospitals, and hospital ships

Cradle of Electrical Engineer-

during wartime ing Berlin, Germany where

Architecture Frank Lloyd

Wright

Crossroads of Africa, Asia,

and Europe Egypt first large-scale power station

the first electric railroad and

Creator of Chords F r a n z

Liszt

Crossroads of Africa and

were built

Creator of the Female Lan-

Europe Spain

Cradle of the French Revolu-

Crossroads of Asia Afghani- tion Marseille and Paris

guage for Sexuality A n a ï s

Nin

stan

Cradle of Human Civilization

Iraq

Creator of French Existential-

Crossroads of Continents

ism Jean-Paul Sartre

Bering Strait Crossroads of Europe B e l -

Cradle of Islam Saudi Arabia

Cradle of Japanese Art Nara,

Creator God Vracocha (Que-

gium Honshu Island, Japan

chua—supreme god)—deity

Crossroads of the Pacific Cradle of Japanese Civiliza-

venerated in Incan and pre-

Oahu—the Aloha Islands, tion Kyoto

Incan times

Hawaii

Cradle of Liberty C a r p e n -

Creator of Modern Democ-

Crossroads of the Seven Seas

ters’ Hall, Philadelphia; Fa-

racy Thomas Paine

Singapore

neuil Hall, Boston; House of

Creator of Musical Laughter

Burgesses, Williamsburg, Virginia; Holland during for-

Rossini

Crossroads of the South

Crébillon Prosper Jolyot

Pacific Fiji

Crossroads of the World

lic; Switzerland in William

Panama Canal; Straits of Tell’s time

mation of the Dutch Repub-

Creole Country s o u t h e r n

counties of Alabama and Mis-

sissippi as well as coastal par-

Gibraltar; Suez Canal

Cradle of Nuclear Research

Crotale Thompson surface-to- Los Alamos, New Mexico

ishes of Louisiana where

many people are of French or

air guided missile made in

Croves Hal Croves (pseud- Cradle of Polynesia S a m o a

Cradle of Oriental Civiliza-

France tion China

Spanish origin

Creoles Louisianans

onym of B Traven—nom de

Islands plume of Berick Traven Tors-

Creole State Louisiana

Cradle of Psychoanalysis Ber- van Croves)

Crescent City Appleton, Wis-

Crow Eaters South Austra- lin; Vienna

consin; New Orleans, Louisi-

ana

Cradle of the Renaissance

lians

Florence, Italy Crown City Coronado, Cali-

Crestwood Heights Toronto,

Ontario’s Forest Hill Village

Cradle of the Revolution

fornia

Cretinsbury-on-Cesspool

Crown City of the Valley

Boston, Massachusetts; Paris,

France; Petrograd, Russia Pasadena, California

Tasmanian nickname for

Cradle of the Russian Revolu-

Launceston

Crown Jewel of the Adriatic

Venice Cradle of Secession Charles-

tion Petrograd

cri-du-chat syndrome loss of

part of a chromosome—in-

Crown Prince of Cellists

Lynn Harrell Cradle of Texas Liberty T h e

ton, South Carolina

fants with this syndrome have

a cry similar to meowing of a

Crown Prince of Keynesism

John Kenneth Galbraith Cradle of the Union Albany,

Alamo in San Antonio

cat; they may be severely

mentally retarded and mal-

Crown Prince of Psychoanaly-

New York where in 1754 Ben- sis Carl Gustav Jung jamin Franklin presented his

formed

Crucible of Civilization Iraq Plan of Union to the Albany

Crime Syndicate Chief

Crystal City Corning, New Congress

Meyer Lansky

York Cradle of Violent Crime t h e

croak mixture of cocaine and

Crystal Hills N ew H a m p - United States

crack; to die

shire’s White Mountains crane berry cranberry

The Crocodile W Averell Har-

C-stand century stand crank. underworld nickname

riman

C-town Chestertown; Cow- for methamphetamine, a

Crohn’s disease c h r o n i c i n -

town mind-altering drug

flammation of the intestines,

Cub NATO nickname for the Crash John Mengelt

named for Burrill Bernard

Soviet Antonov 100-passen- Crate NATO nickname for So-

Crohn, U S physician

ger cargo plane viet Ilyushin transport Il-14

Cromwell’s Curse I r e l a n d

cuban cuban heel (broad-based Crawfish Town New Orleans,

(also called the Curse of

heel used on women’s shoes) Louisiana

Cromwell)

Cronian Sea Arctic Ocean

cubanite copper iron sulfide

Eponyms, Nicknames

Cuban Ports Bahia Honda,

Dame Joan Dame Joan Suth- Cabañas, Mariel, La Habana

Cuspidor of Europe France’s

erland (Havana), Matanzas, Carde-

nickname given it by Alex-

Dame Margot Fonteyn M a r- nas, La Isabela, Caibarien,

ander Herzen

got Hookham Nuevitas, Puerto Padre; San-

custard apple cherimoya

Dame Myra Dame Myra Hess tiago de Cuba, Manzanillo,

Cuvier Georges Léopold Chré-

Dame Ngaio D a m e N g a i o Cienfuegos

tien Frédéric Dagobert

Marsh Cuba’s Principal Port H a -

cyberfakes fake designer mer-

Damnable Place Hong Kong, vana

chandise sold over the Inter-

net

according to GBS

Cultural Capital of Canada

Dam on the Amstel A m s t e r- Montreal

cyberspace the Internet

cyberterrorists Internet terror-

dam

Cultural Capitals of the World

damp Spain Atlantic coasts of Berlin, London, Moscow,

ists

Spain, especially along Bay New York, Paris, Vienna

cybervandals Internet hackers

Cyclone Coast A u s t r a l i a ’s

of Biscay where rains are

Cultured Pearl Archipelago

heaviest Japan

northwest coast

Cyclone State Kansas; South

Dana Andrews Carver Daniel

Cultured Pearl of the Orient

Andrews Hong Kong

Dakota

Cyclops of the Kremlin Josef

Dandy King Joachim Murat—

Cumberland River City

King of Naples Nashville, Tennessee

Stalin

Daniel Nikolai Arzhak Cunard Cunard Line transat-

Cyclorama City A t l a n t a ,

Daniel Stern pseudonym of lantic steamers such as the

Georgia with its cyclorama

Liszt’s paramour, the Count- Aquitania, Lusitania, and the

painting of the Battle of At-

ess Marie d’Agoult Mauretania

lanta

danish danish pastry (light cupid’s itch venereal disease

Cyd Charisse Tula Finklea

pastry often filled with stewed Curaçao’s Ports Willemstad,

Cyprian Ports (counterclock-

fruit, crushed nuts, cup cus- Bullen Baai, Caracas Baai,

wise north to south coast)

tard, or raisins) New Port

Kyrenia, Xeros, Paphos. Li-

masol, Larnaca, Famagusta

Danish Capital of the United

Curator of CuIture L o r d

States Racine, Wisconsin Kenneth M(ackenzie) Clark;

Cypriot Apostle Barnabas—

Danish Caribees c o l o n i a l Peter Ustinov

Cyprus-born companion of

Paul and Mark, according to

name for what are now the

Curmudgeon Philosopher

U.S. Virgin Islands Ambrose Bierce

the New Testament

Czar of Baseball B a n c r o f t

(Ban) Johnson

Danish King of the Waltz

Currer Bell p s e u d o ny m o f Charlotte Brontë

Hans Christian Lumbye curse the curse (menstruation)

czar’s caviar sterlet roe

Czech Capital Prague

Danish Ports Ronne (on Born- holm ); Køge, Københavne

Curse of Balboa Panamanian-

(Copenhagen), Helsingor, style dysentery marked by

Czech National Composer

F r e d e r i k s va e r k , F r e d - acute nausea and retching

Anton Dvorák

erikssund, Roskilde, Hol- Curse of Cabral loose bowels

Czech Reformers Jan Hus, Al-

baek, Nykqøbing, Kalund- contracted in Brazil

exander Dubcek, Vaclav

borg, Korsor, Skaelskor, Curse of Cairo diarrhea plus

Havel

Naestved. Vordingvorg, summertime heat

dachshund (German—badger

S t u b b e k ø b i n g , S t eg e , Curse of Columbus b o t u -

dog)

Masnedsund, Nykøbing, Fal- lism, diarrhea, or dysentery

Da Costa’s syndrome s o l -

ster, Sakskøbing, Naskov, contracted in the American

dier’s heart

Rudkøbing, Marstal, Svend- tropics

dagestan dagestan rug

borg, Nyborg, Kerteminde, Curse of Cortez Mexican-ac-

Dahlia Dalila

Odense, Middelfart, Assens, quired diarrhea or dysentery

Daisy Ashford Margaret Mary

Faborg, Grasten, Sonderborg, also called Montezuma’s Re-

Ashford

Augustenborg, Abenra, Had- venge

Dakota Douglas DC-3 2l-pas-

erslev, Kolding, Frederkicia, Curse of Cromwell I r e l a n d

senger transport also called

Horsens, Arhus, Grena, Rand- (also called Cromwell’s

Skytrain; lines spoken before

ers, Alborg, Frederikshavn, Curse)

singing a song

Skagen, Esbjerg Curse of Pizarro loose bowels

Dalton Highway A l a s k a ’s

Danish Waltz King H a n s contracted in Peru

former North Slope Haul

Christian Lumbye Curt Jurgens Curd Jurgens

Road, built to move supplies

Danish West Indies f o r m e r The Curveless Wonder A l

to Prudhoe Bay (for arctic

name of the American Virgin Orth (baseball player)

engineer James Dalton)

Islands Curzio Malaparte p s e u d -

Dame Cicely Dr Cicely Saun-

d’Annunzio (Gabriel) Gaetano onym—Curzio Suckert

ders

Dame Clara Dame Clara Butt

Rapagnetta

Eponyms, Nicknames

Danny Kaye David Daniel Ka-

Dear Abby Abigail Van Buren minsky

Davy Jones’ Locker t r a d i -

(Pauline Esther Phillips) Danny O’Neill fictionalized

tional resting place of all who

Death Devil Charles Manson name of James T Farrell

are buried at sea or who are

Death to Flying Things B o b (Studs Lonigan)

drowned in the depths of the

Ferguson (baseball player) Danny Thomas Amos Jacobs

ocean

Death Ride C h a rg e o f t h e Dante Dante (Durante) Aligh-

Dawn on the Mesabi Aurora,

Light Brigade at Balaclava in ieri

Minnesota

Crimea Danube Delta Land Romania

Day of Infamy December 7,

death’s head nickname of the Danube Empire Austro-Hun-

1941 (when Japanese aircraft

deadly mushroom Amanita garian Empire

carriers attacked Pearl Har-

muscaria Danubian Monarchy Austro-

bor, Hawaii while diplomatic

Death Valley Scottie Wa l t e r Hungarian Empire

negotiations were in progress

in Washington, D.C.)

Scott

Dark and Bloody Ground

Deb (Debby; Debbie) D e b o - Kentucky

Dazai Osamu Tsushima Shuji

rah; Debra Dark Continent Africa

Deacon Walt Stankey (basket-

Deborah Kerr Deborah Kerr- Darkest Africa Lake Victo-

ball player)

Trimmer ria’s shores (19th century)

Deadeye Dick N a t L ove , a

de Broglie waves matter waves darwin glass queenstownite

black cowboy of the last cen-

named for Louis de Broglie (silica glass)

tury who was noted for his

superior marksmanship deadly nightshade belladonna

Debt-reduction President

Darwin Island G a l á p a g o s Calvin Coolidge Culpepper

Decade of Disillusionment Darwin’s Archipelago

Deadman’s Cove geographic

the 1970s Galápagos Islands

placename and nickname of the San Diego Police Depart-

Decade of Greed the 1980s Darwin’s Bulldog n i c k n a m e

ment headquarters

Decca Jessica Mitford (author) of Professor Thomas Henry,

dead President s l a n g f o r

Dede Deirdre Huxley, president of the

American paper money

Dee Cee Washington, D.C. Royal Society, whose defense

Deadwood Dick R i c h a r d W

Deep Blue chess-playing IBM of Darwin’s Origin of the

Clarke—English-born South

computer from Stamford, Species pulverized the argu-

Dakota frontier pioneer

Connecticut ments of the Bishop of Ox-

Deaf Composer Ludwig van

Deep North Queensland, Aus- ford, Samuel (Soapy Sam)

Beethoven

tralia Wilberforce, who had set out

Deaf Smith Erastus (Deaf)

Deep South South Carolina, to demolish Darwin’s theory

Smith, Texan patriot-soldier

Georgia, Florida, Alabama, of evolution

Dean of American Astrono-

Mississippi, Louisiana, and Dash 8 Boeing twin-engine

mers Henry Norris Russell

Texas; the conservative south turboprop airplane

Dean of American Choral

coast of England Das Jud Das Judenthum in der

Conductors Robert Shaw

Deep Water Moon full moon Musik (German—The Jew in

Dean of American Psychiatry

in April Music)—first draft in 1850;

Dr Karl Menninger

Defaced City o n c e e l eg a n t revised in 1869 by its au-

Dean of Classical Guitarists

New York City where so thor—Richard Wagner—an

Andrés Segovia

many buildings, buses, and ardent Jew-hater beloved by

Dean of Classical Music

subways are defaced by graf- Hitler

Comedians Victor Borge

fiti Date Capital Indio, California

Dean of the English School

Sir Edward Elgar

Defender of the Damned

Daughter of the Baltic H e l s -

Clarence Darrow inki

Dean of Financial Analysts

Defender of Darwin Thomas Daughter of the Desert G e r-

Benjamin Graham, author of

Henry Huxley trude Bell

The Intelligent Investor

Defender of Democratic Daughter of the Dream

Dean of the French School

Socialism John Dewey in Emma Goldman

Camille Saint-Saëns

the United States or Harold Dave the Rave D ave S t a l l -

Dean of Italian Music Gioac-

Laski in Great Britain worth

chini Rossini

Dean Martin Dino Crocetti

Defender of Freethought

David Bowie David Jones

Thomas Jefferson, Thomas David Copperfield David Kot-

Dean of Modern American

Paine, Robert Ingersoll, and kin

Composers Aaron Copland

Clarence Darrow David Frome Z e n i t h J o n e s

Deano Dean

Defender of the Indians Bar- Brown

Dean of Russian Music N i -

tolomé de Las Casas David St John E Howard Hunt

kolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Dean of White House Press

Defender of Religious Free-

David Wayne Wayne McKee-

dom Supreme Court Justice kan

Correspondents Helen Tho-

mas

Hugo Lafayette Black

Eponyms, Nicknames

Dejerine’s disease infants’ in-

Devil’s Island nickname for terstitial neuritis

DeQuervain’s syndrome t e n -

French Guiana penal colony Del Delbert

dinitis of the thumb, origi-

in use up to 1950 and the Isle Delaware named for Thomas

nally from wringing out

off its coast where Alfred West, Lord De La Warr (Vir-

wash—now commonly from

Dreyfus was imprisoned from ginia’s first governor)

computer use (see Washer-

1894 to 1899 Delaware Port Wilmington

woman’s Sprain)

Devil’s Rock Garden Califor- delft delft blue (characteristic

Der Alte Der Alte Fritz (Ger-

nia’s Death Valley also called of a popular china developed

man—Old Fritz)—Frederick

Devil’s Bathtub; Devil’s Pa- in the Dutch city of Delft);

the Great

rade Ground; Devil’s Pulpit; delft china; delftware

Der alte Steffl Old Saint

Devil’s Speedway and Golf Delhi belly diarrhea suffered in

Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna;

Course India

begun in the 12th century

Devil’s Son-In-Law Wi l l i a m Dellionaires fully vested em-

Der Blaue Reiter (German—

Bunch (Peetie Wheatstraw) ployees of Dell Computer,

The Blue Rider)—abstract

devil’s testicle m a n d r a ke ’s Austin, Texas

expressionism movement

nickname (also called man- Delta Dagger Convair F-102

centered in Munich

dragora or satan’s apple) single-engine turbojet inter-

Derbyville Louisville (home of

Devil’s Triangle (see Bermuda ceptor aircraft

the Kentucky Derby)

Triangle) Delta Dart Convair F-106 su-

Dercum’s disease subcutane-

ous connective-tissue dystro-

devil’s trumpet nickname for jimson weed also called

devil’s apple or devil’s weed Demetia South Wales

personic-interceptor aircraft

phy Der Führer ( G e r m a n — T h e

Devo Devon White (baseball) Demi Moore Demi Guymes

Leader)—Adolf Hitler

De Witt De Witt Clinton (New Demon of Deception Beelze-

Der Kanonenkönig ( G e r-

York state governor) bub

man— The Cannon King)—

De Witt Clinton’s Ditch t h e Demon of Disease Black Death

Alfred Krupp

Erie Canal (bubonic plague); hunger

Der Meister (German—The

diamondback moth; rattle- plague; murine plague (car-

Master)—Johann Wolfgang

snake; terrapin ried by rats); pneumonic

von Goethe

Diamond Continent Africa plague; septicemic plague;

Derrick City Oil City, Penn-

Diamond Head 760-foot-high sylvatic plague (carried by

sylvania

extinct crater forming cape many species of rodents)

DeSanctis-Cacchione syn-

drome skin-pigment abnor-

and marking entrance to Ho-

Demon Dog of Literature

nolulu on Oahu, Hawaii James Ellroy

mality with neurological

symptoms

Diamond Jim James Bucha-

Demon of Misfortune and

nan (Diamond Jim) Brady; Ruin the Sphinx

Descendants of Eagles t h e

Jim Gentile (baseball player) The Den Riverfront Stadium,

founders of Algeria, accord-

Diamond Lil Mae West home of the Newark (New

ing to tradition

Diamond State Delaware Jersey) Bears

Deseret State Utah (from Mor-

Diamond Street N ew Yo r k Denali old Russian name for

mon colony’s name)

City’s 47th Street between 5th Mt McKinley also called

Desert Arabia Arabian Desert

and 6th avenues Bol’shaya

in the northern Arabian Pen-

Diamond Teeth Mary M a r y Den Haag ( D u t c h — T h e

insula

Smith McClain Hague)—capital of the Neth-

Desert Fox Field Marshal Er-

Diane Keaton Diane Hall erlands and seat of the Inter-

win Rommel

Diazpotism despotism of Por- national Court of Justice

Desert of Ice Antarctica

desert roses barytes or gypsum

firio Diaz during his forty

Denmark’s Principal Port

years as president of Mexico Copenhagen

concretions whose shapes re-

semble roses

Dice City Las Vegas, Nevada

Dental Capital of Europe

Dick Donavan Joyce Emmer- Vaduz, Liechtenstein

Desi Arnaz Desiderio Alberto

Arnaz y de Acha

son Preston Muddock Dick Tiger Dick Thetu (boxer)

The Destroyer George Foster Devil of Cultured Vice M e -

Dicky Sam(s) inhabitant(s) of Den Vita Staden ( F i n n i s h —

Dentist-Novelist Zane Grey

Liverpool The White City)—Helsinki

phistopheles

Devil’s Chaplain Robert Tay-

Dictator of Nicaragua Wi l l -

Department of Construction

iam Walker Georgia nickname for its De-

lor (1784–1844), English

Dictionary Johnson D r partment of Correction

cleric imprisoned for blas-

phemy when he exposed the

Sam(uel) Johnson

Department-of-Labor Presi-

universality of all religious

Diedrich Knickerbocker

dent William Howard Taft

beliefs

Washington Irving

Depression-born Cartoonist

Dief the Chief John George Al Capp—creator of Li’l Abner

Devil’s Half Acre A u g u s t a ,

Maine’s slum

Diefenbaker

Eponyms, Nicknames

Diego Rivera D i eg o M a r i a

Doctor Johnson Doctor Sam- Concepción Juan Nepo-

Divine Poet John Donne

uel Johnson—critic, conver- muceno Estanislao de La Riv-

divine Sarah Oscar Wilde’s

sationalist, lexicographer era y Barrientos y Rodriguez

nickname for Sarah Bern-

Doctor Livingston David Liv- (Mexican painter)

hardt, who began life as Ros-

ingstone diesel diesel engine, diesel fuel,

ine Bernard

Doctor Mirabilis (Latin— Ad- diesel locomotive, diesel oil

Division No 1 Chicago’s Cook

mirable Doctor)—English sa- (all named for the German au-

County Jail

vant Roger Bacon tomotive engineer, Rudolf

Division No 2 C h i c a g o ’s

Doctor of Revolution E r a s - Diesel)

House of Correction

mus Darwin Digger Land Australia

Divorce Capital of America

Doctor Rizal José Rizal (intel- Diggers Nevadans

Reno, Nevada

lectual leader of Philippine digital convergence m e rg i n g

Dixie southern United States;

insurrection against Spanish of telephone, television, and

the South

rule) computer technologies

Dixiecrat Southern Democrat

Doctor Seuss author-cartoon- Digital Divide minorities’ dis-

Dixie Kid A a r o n L B r ow n

ist Theodore S Geisel proportionate lack of access

(boxer)

Doctor Singularis ( L a t i n — to the Internet

Dizzy Benjamin Disraeli—

Singular Doctor)—William Dinah Washington Ruth Lee

British Prime Minister

Occam Jones

Dizzy Dean J a y H a n n e r

Doctor Strangelove Dick Stu- Dino Dean (Crocetti) Martin

(Dizzy) Dean

art (baseball player) Dion Fortune Vi o l e t M a r y

Dizzy Gillespie J o h n B i r k s

Doctor Subtilis (Latin—Sub- Firth

(Dizzy) Gillespie

tle Doctor)—Duns Scotus Diplomat John Franklin Carter

Djajapura Kotabaru, formerly

Doctor Universalis A l b e r t u s Dirceu To m a z A n t o n i o

called Hollandia by the Dutch

Magnus Gonzaga

when they controlled western

Doctor Watson D r J o h n B Dirk Bogarde Dirk van den

New Guinea

Watson, M.D. of London; Bogaerd

Djakarta Indonesian city once

companion of Sherlock Dirty Thirties Dust Bowl era in

called Batavia

Holmes of 221-B Baker the United States

Django Jean (Django) Rein-

hardt

Street in the literary creations

Discoverer of Bacteria, Blood,

of Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle and Parasite Cells A n t o n

The Django Reinhardt of the

Doctor Will Dr William James van Leeuwenhoek

Accordion Gus Viseur

Djibouti Ports O b o c k , D j i -

Mayo—co-founder with his

Discoverer of Capillary Blood

brother Charles of the Mayo Vessels Marcello Malpighi

bouti

Doctor Angelicus ( L a t i n —

Foundation for Medical Edu-

Discoverer of Malaria Para-

cation and Research at Roch- site Charles Laveran

Angelic Doctor)—Thomas

Aquinas also known as the

ester, Minnesota

Discoverer of Yellow Fever

Princeps Scholasticorum

Documentary Photographer

Parasite Hideyo Noguchi

(Prince of Scholastics)

Alfred Stieglitz

Discoverers of How Enzymes

Doctor Beach Stephen P Leath-

Dodo Islands Mascarene Is-

Change Starch into Sugar

lands of Mauritius, Réunion, Carl Ferdinand Cori and

erman, who ranks the best

and Rodgrigues formerly in- Gerty Theresa Cori

beaches in the United States

Doctor Charlie D r C h a r l e s

habited by dodo birds

Disease of the Century

dog’s nose Mayan salsa AIDS; Alzheimer’s disease

Horace Mayo—co-founder of

Dogwood City Atlanta, Geor- dismal science Carlyle’s nick-

the Mayo Clinic (see Doctor

gia name for economics

Will)

Dohnányi Ernst von Dohnányi Dismal Swamp City Norfolk,

Doctor of Death Henry Kiss-

Dolf Adolf Virginia

inger

Dollar Mark Mark Hanna Dissident Publisher H e n r y

Doctor Donne John Donne

Dolley (Dolly) Mrs Dorothea Regnery

Doctor Evangelicus (Latin—

Evangelical Doctor)—reli-

(Dolley) Payne Madison

Distinguished Journalism Fel-

(wife of President James low Ralph de Toledano

gious reformer John Wickliffe

Madison); Dorothea; Dorothy (1989)

Doctor Holmes John Haynes

Dolly a sheep, the first animal District of Columbia n a m e d

Holmes (contemporary

cloned from the cell of an- for Christopher Columbus

American Universalist minis-

other adult mammal (named divi divide; dividend

ter)

for singer Dolly Parton) Divine Madman Drukpa Kun-

Doctor of the Industrial Revo-

Dolores del Rio L o l i t a D o - ley, 15th-century Buddhist

lution Dr Erasmus Darwin

lores Asunsolo de Martinez saint (Bhutan)

Doctor Irrefragabilis A l ex -

Dom Dominick The Divine Miss M B e t t e

ander of Hales

Dom Getulio President Getu- Midler

Doctor Jameson Sir Leander

Starr Jameson

lio Dornelles Vargas of Brazil

Eponyms, Nicknames

Dominican Ports Pepillo Sal-

Down syndrome mongolism cedo, Montecristi, Puerto

Don Vitone Vi t o G e n ove s a

resulting from extra chromo- Plata, Sosua, Santa Barbara

Doornik Flemish place-name

some-21 material

Down Under Australia and mana, San Pedro de Macoris,

de Samana, Sanchez, La Ro-

equivalent for Tournai

New Zealand Andres, Santo Domingo (for-

Doorstep to Canada N ova

Scotia

Down Where the South

Begins Virginia hia de las Calderas, Azua,

merly Trujillo), Rio Jaina, Ba-

Dope Capital of Canada

Down Yonder coastal North Barahona

Vancouver Doris Day Doris Kappelhoff

Carolina Dominie H aw ke r- S i d d e l ey

ketball player) The Don Don Juan (as in

HS-125 jet transport

Dornford Yates Cecil William

Downtown Fred Brown (bas-

Mercer’s pseudonym

Doyen of European Diplo-

Mozart’s opera Don Gio-

macy Prince Klemens Wen- vanni )

Dorothy Dix E l i z a b e t h M

zel Nepomuk Lothar von Doña Fela Felisa Rincón (fe-

Gilmer

Metternich male mayor of San Juan, Pu-

Dorothy Gish D o r o t h y d e

Guiche

Doyen of Film Animators

erto Rico for twenty-two

Walt Disney years)

Dorothy Lamour D o r o t h y

Kaumeyer

Doyen of Professional Transla-

Dotia Marina Malinche (In-

tors Ralph Manheim dian interpreter-mistress of

Dorothy Malone Dorothy Ma-

Dragonfly C e s s n a T- 3 7 Hernán Cortés—Spanish

loney

jet-trainer aircraft conqueror of Mexico)

Dorothy Parker D o r o t h y

Dragon Nation Bhutan Donatello Donato di Betto

Rothchild

Dragon’s Mouth Port of Spain, Bardi

Dosso Dossi palette name of

Trinidad’s harbor entrance Don Emilio General Emilio

Giovanni de Lutero

Draken (Swedish—Dragon)— Aguinaldo (fighter for Philip-

Double Platinum two million

Saab double-delta-wing su- pine independence)

(recording) copies

personic fighter or fighter- Donets River City Kharkov in

Double-Vay Sir Henry Wil-

bomber designated J-35 or Ukraine

son’s nickname among the

S-35 Donetzk formerly Stalino, but

French general staff of World

Drapier Jonathan Swift originally Yuzovka

War I

Dramatic Symphony R o m e o Don Francisco F r a n c i s c o I

Double X Jimmie Foxx (base-

by Hector Berlioz Dr Death Jack Kevorkian Don Giovanni Don Juan

et Juliette Madero—Mexican president

ball player)

The Dream Dean Memminger Don Juan Don Juan Tenorio of

Doubting Thomas St Thomas,

(basketball player) Seville (Mozart’s Don Gio- vanni )

one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ, who required

proof of Jesus’ resurrection

Dream Capital of the Western

World Hollywood, Califor- Don Muang Bangkok, Thai-

nia land’s airport

Douglas Fairbanks Julius Ull-

Dream King Ludwig II of Ba- Don Pepe José Figueres Fer-

man

varia rer—democratic leader of

Dove Hawker-Siddeley twin-

engine light transport carry-

Dress-Rehearsal Revolution

Russian Revolution of 1905 Don Porfirio D o n P o r fi r i o

Costa Rica

ing up to 11 passengers

Drisheen City Cork, Ireland Diaz—Mexican dictator-pres-

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Dr Jinnah M o h a m m e d ’ A l i ident

started by Charles Dow in

Jinnah-president of All-India Don Quixote p s e u d o ny m

1884, originally an average of

Moslem League and first gov- Alonso Quixano gave himself

twelve industrial companies’

ernor-general of Pakistan in The Adventures of Don

closing stock prices divided

Dr Karl Dr Karl Augustus Quixote—Man of La Mancha,

by the number of issues

Menninger by Cervantes

Down East Atlantic coast area

Droch Robert Bridges Don Romulo Romulo Betan-

extending from New York to

Droll Breughel P i e t e r court—democratic leader and

Nova Scotia, particularly

Breughel the Elder recent president of Venezuela

coastal New England; Maine

Dr Rocket Hideo Itokawa Don’t Give Up the Ship nick-

Down Easter person from east

Dr Salazar Antonio de Ol- name of Captain James

coast of New England or

iveira Salazar—dictator and Lawrence, USN

Nova Scotia

prime minister of Portugal Don Venus Don Venustiano

downers nickname for sedative

from 1932 to 1969 Carranza—Mexican general-

drugs also called sleeping

Dr Seuss Theodor Seuss Gei- president

pills or tranquilizers

sel Don Venustiano Don Venus-

Down South nickname shared

Dr Spot Marty Gurian, stain-re- tiano Carranza—former pres-

by the federal penitentiay at

moval expert ident of Mexico

Atlanta, Georgia and the

southern United States

Dr X Alan E Nourse

Eponyms, Nicknames

druggie drug addict

Dunsany Edward John More- drugola bribes given law-en-

Duke City Albuquerque, New

ton Drax Plunkett, Lord Dun- forcement officers by narcot-

Mexico (named for El Duque

sany ics dealers in exchange for

de Alburquerque)

Dupontonia Wilmington, Del- protection from discovery and

Duke of Devonshire William

aware prosecution

Cavendish (former Prime

Dupont Town Wi l m i n g t o n , Druid City o a k - t r e e - f i l l e d

Minister of Great Britain)

Delaware (home of EI du Tuscaloosa, Alabama

Duke Ellington E d wa r d

Pont de Nemours & Co) Dry Guillotine French Gui-

Kennedy Ellington

Durable Dictator G e n e r a l ana’s nickname

Duke of Grafton A u g u s t u s

José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz dry Spain Mediterranean coast

Henry Fitzroy

(Mexico, 1876–1911) of Spain

Duke of Newcastle T h o m a s

Durazzo English and Italian D-town Dogtown; Downtown;

Pelham-Holles

place-name for the Albanian Doyelstown

Duke of Portland Wi l l i a m

port of Durrës Dual Cities Minneapolis and

Henry Cavendish Bentinck

Durban formerly Port Natal, Saint Paul, Minnesota

Duke of Shrewsbury Charles

South Africa Dual Monarchy Austro-Hun-

Talbot

Dusty Springfield Mary Isabel garian Monarchy (1867–

Duke Turned Jesuit S a i n t

Catherine Bernadette 1918)

Francis Borgia (1510–1572)

O’Brien Dual Protectorate A n d o r r a

Duke of Vicenza M a r q u i s

Dutch Ronald Reagan, fortieth under the protection of France

Louis de Caulaincourt

president of the United States and Spain

Duke of Wellington A r t h u r

dutch dutch belted (black dairy Dubini’s disease r a p i d a n d

Wellesley

cattle with a broad body-en- rhythmic muscular contrac-

Duke of Windsor ( f o r m e r l y

circling white belt of hair as tion

King Edward VIII, formerly

originally bred in the Nether- Du Bois W(illiam) E(dward)

Prince of Wales when his fa-

lands); dutch door (horizon- B(urghardt) Du Bois

ther, George V, was king of

tally divided so either the top Duca Minimo G a b r i e l e

England)

or bottom section may be D’Anunzio

Duluthians people of Duluth

closed or opened); dutch Ducansby Head northernmost

Dumas fils Alexandre Dumas

courage (inspired by alcohol); headland in the British isles

(1824–1895) playwright-cre-

dutch lunch (cold cuts); dutch Duce (Italian-Leader)—Dicta-

ator of Camille (Verdi’s La

treat (where all pay their own tor Benito Mussolini

Traviata ), son of the novelists

way) Duchenne de Boulogne Guil-

Dumas père Alexandre Dumas

dutch act suicide laume-Benjamin-Amand

(1802–1870), author of The

Dutch Caribees colonial name Duchenne—father of modern

Count of Monte Cristo, The

for the Netherlands Antilles neurology

Three Musketeers

Du Maurier G e o rg e L o u i s

Dutch City Holland, Michigan

Duchess of Dupont Circle

Dutch courage Holland gin Alice Roosevelt Longworth

Palmella Busson

Dumb Girl of Portici E s p r i t

Dutch Cradle of U.S. Presi-

Duchess of Windsor B e s s i e

dents the Netherlands— an- Wallis Warfield

Auber opera La Muette de

cestral home of both Presi- Ducky Joe Medwick

Portici

dents named Roosevelt and Dude Ranch Capital Wicken-

Dumbo Down Under the Man-

President Van Buren burg, Arizona

hattan Bridge Overpass

Dutch Delight Delft Dugout Doug General Douglas

dumb tax contractor term for

Dutch East Indies N e t h e r- MacArthur

what people pay when they

lands East Indies now known Duke George Deukmejian

try to build a house without a

as Indonesia (former California governor);

contractor

Dutch Guiana N e t h e r l a n d s Michael S Dukakis (former

Dunedin nickname for Edin-

Guiana or Surinam Massachusetts governor and

burgh, Scotland and place-

Dutch Islands Dutch West In- Presidential candidate)

name for a South Island, New

dies—Aruba, Bonaire, The Duke John Wayne

Zealand port as well as a Flor-

Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius Duke of the Abruzzi I t a l i a n

ida resort near St Petersburg

(Statia), Sint Maarten alpinist and arctic explorer

Dungeness Crab Capital

Newport, Oregon

Dutch Masterpiece in the Car-

Prince Luigi Amadeo

ibbean Curaçao Giuseppe Maria Ferdinando

Dun Laoghaire ( G a e l i c —

Dutch Microscopists Zachar- Francesco

Dunleary)—Kingstown on

ias Janssen, Anton van Leeu- Duke of Alba Fernando Alva-

Dublin Bay

wenhoek, and Jan Swammer- rez de Toledo

Dunleary Dun Laoghaire or

dam Duke of Buckingham George

Kingstown

Dutch New Guinea We s t Villiers

Dunnet Head n o r t h e r n m o s t

point on Scotland’s mainland

Irian, Indonesia

Eponyms, Nicknames

Dutch Ports Delfzigl, Harlin-

Earl of Ripon Frederick John gen, Den Helder, Ijmuiden,

Eagle and Serpent Aguila y

Robinson Zaandam, Amsterdam,

Serpiente (Mexican coat of

Earl of Rosebery A r c h i b a l d Scheveningen, Hoek van Hol-

arms contains pictorialization

Philip Primrose land, Europoort, Maasluis.

of Aztec legend stating their

Earl Russell Prime Minister Vandelingenplaat, Vlaardin-

people could not settle until

John Russell, first earl; John gen, Schiedam, Rotterdam,

they found an island on a lake

Stanley Russell, second earl; Dordrecht, Middelharnis,

and on that island a cactus

Bertrand (Arthur William) Willemstad, Middelburg,

surmounted by an eagle

Russell, third earl Vlissingen, Terneuzen, Han-

grasping a serpent—the

Earl of Shaftesbury Anthony sweert, Haven Catzand

lacustrine island representing

Ashley Cooper Dutch Queens Wi l h e l m i n a ,

Mexico City, capital of Mex-

Earl of Shelburne Wi l l i a m Juliana, Beatrix

ico—and the two creatures

Petty Dutch Reformed Dutch Re-

that struggle between celes-

Earl of Stanhope James Stan- formed Church of North

tial and earthly elements)

hope America where it has been

Eagle State Mississippi

Earl of Sunderland C h a r l e s called the Reformed Church

Eam Eamon de Valera (Irish

Spencer since 1867

rebel)

Dutch Republic the Nether- Earl of Wilmington S p e n c e r

Earl of Aberdeen G e o rg e

lands, sometimes called Hol- Compton

Hamilton Gordon (former

Prime Minister of Great Brit-

Earmuff Capital of the World

Dutch Schultz Arthur Flegen- Farmington, Maine

land

ain)

heimer (gangster) Earth’s Last Frontier Antarc-

Earl Baldwin of Bewdley

Dutch-speaking Places Flem- tica

Stanley Baldwin

ish sections of Belgium; the East End congested and de-

Earl Balfour A r t h u r J a m e s

Netherlands; Aruba, Bonaire, pressed eastern section of

Balfour

Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eusta- London

Earl of Beaconsfield B e n -

tius, Sint Maarten—the Neth- easter storm from the east

jamin Disraeli (19th-century

erlands Antilles; Netherlands Easter Easter lily; Easter Mon-

British prime minister who

day; Easter Sunday; Easter donesia Surinam and the

declared: A conservative gov-

New Guinea now part of In-

vacation communmty around Holland,

ernment is an organized hy-

Easter Island English place- Michigan

pocrisy )

name equivalent of Isla de dutch treat each person pays

Earl of Bute John Stuart

Pascua whose Chilean settlers own portion of the bill

Earl of Carlisle C h a r l e s

are called Pascuenses Dutch Ultramodernist P i e t

Howard

Eastern Desert A r a b i a n Mondrian

Earl of Carnarvon G e o rg e

Desert Dutch West Indies the Neth-

ESM Herbert, the Egyptolo-

Eastern Empire B y z a n t i n e erlands Antilles

gist

Empire Dutch William William III of

Earl of Chatham William Pitt

Eastern Hemisphere h a l f o f Orange—Dutch-born British

Earl of Chesterfield P h i l i p

the world containing Africa, king

Dormer Stanhope

Asia, Australia, Europe, and Dvorák Anton Dvorák

Earl of Derby Edward Stanley

associated islands dweeb small, harmless person

Earl of Godolphin S i d n ey

Eastern Malaysia Sabah and Dwellers of the Field t h e

Godolphin

Sarawak Poles

Earl Grey Charles Grey

Eastern Samoa American Sa- Dyan Cannon Samile Diane

Earl of Guilford F r e d e r i c k

moa Friesen

North

Eastern Sea East China Sea dyke lesbian

Earl of Halifax Charles Mon-

Eastern Shore shore of Dela- Dying Grass Moon full moon

tagu

ware, Maryland, and Virginia in September

Earl of Liverpool R o b e r t

comprising the Del-Mar-Va dyno dynamic move

Banks Jenkinson

Peninsula Eagle (see Columbia)

Earl of Lytton Edward Robert

Eastern States states east of Eagle Eye Jake Beckley (base-

Bulwer Lytton, diplomat and

the Mississippi ball player)

poet whose pseudonym was

East Germany one-time So- Eagle Forgotten Governor Pe-

Owen Meredith

viet-dominated eastern Ger- ter Altgeld of Illinois

Earl of Orford Robert Wal-

many, German Democratic Eagle of the North S w e d i s h

pole

Republic (1945–1990) statesman Count Axel Oxen-

Earl of Oxford Robert Harley

East Indies India, Indochina, stierna

Earl of Oxford and Asquith

Indonesia, Malay Penin- Eagle Pass formerly El Paso

Herbert Henry Asquith

sula—formerly Dutch East del Aguila

Earl the Pearl Earl Monroe

(basketball player)

Indies

Eponyms, Nicknames

Eastinghouse i n t e r n a t i o n a l

ears set low, recessed chin nickname for Soviet nuclear

Eddie Cantor Edward Israel

and premature death (named power plants built in Finland

Itskowitz

for John H Edwards) East London formerly Port

Eddie Dean Edgar Gloslup

Edwin Markham Charles Ed- Rex, South Africa

Eden of the Orient Thailand

ward Anson Markham East Lothian Haddington

Edgar Box Gore Vidal

Ed Wynn Isaiah Edwin Le- East Malaysia Bandar Seri,

Edgar Thorn(e) Edward Mac-

opold Brunei, Sabah, and Sarawak

Dowell

egabrag garbage spelled back- now known as Kalimantan

Edie Adams Elizabeth Edith

Enke

wards, sometimes used as a

East North Central States

euphemism for garbage boat Indiana, Illinois, Michigan,

Edin(a) Edinburgh’s poetical

or garbage scow Ohio, and Wisconsin

name

Egg Basket of California Pet- East Prussia o l d n a m e f o r

Edinburghshire Midlothian

aluma western Poland along the Bal-

Edinglassie Edinburgh + Glas-

Egg Moon full moon in April tic

gow (early name of the More-

Egypt Illinois East Rudolf Lake Turkana

ton Bay Settlement now

Egyptian Badlands A s s i u t East Siberian East Siberian

called Brisbane)

area about 175 miles (282 ki- Sea in the Arctic off East Si-

The Edith Piaf of Cuba

lometers) south of Cairo and beria

Omara Portuondo

notorious for narcotic raids, East Side East Side of any city

Editor of Genius Max(well) E

religious clashes, and village or place

Perkins

Ed Lacy Len Zinberg

vendettas

East South Central States

Ed McBain Salvatore A Lom-

The Egyptian James Brown

Ali Hassan Kuban sippi, and Tennessee

Alabama, Kentucky, Missis-

bino

Egyptian Ports (on the Medi- Eastview Canadian city now

Edmond Adam F r e n c h a u -

terranean) El Iskandariya (Al- called Vanier

thor-editor Juliette Lamber

exandria); Bur Said (Port East Village modern euphe-

Edmund Crispin R o b e r t

Said); (on the Red Sea) El Su- mism for New York City’s

Bruce Montgomery

weis (Suez) Lower East Side

Edo old name for Tokyo, also

Egyptians Illinoisans Ebreo (Italian—Jew)—nick-

written Yedo

Egypt’s Principal Port Alex- name of Salomone Rossi the

Edogawa Rampo Hirai Taro

andria composer-violinist of Mantua

(Japan’s Edgar Allan Poe)

Eiffel Alexander Gustave Eiffel in the late 1500s and early

Edoo (EDU) L a d y E l g a r ’s

and the tower bearing his 1600s

nickname for her husband Sir

name ’Ebrides Cockney contrac-

Edward Elgar (EDU is the ti-

Eight T h e E i g h t ( A s h c a n tion—Hebrides

tle of the fourteenth section or

School of American Art com- E-C E r c k m a n n - C h a t r i a n

finale of his Enigma Varia-

prising Arthur B Davies, Wil- (Emile Erckmann and

tions on an Original Theme

liam Glackens, Robert Henri, Louis-Alexandre Chatrian,

scored for full orchestra)

Ernest Lawson, George Luks, collaborating novelists)

Edouard Colonne Judas Col-

Maurice Prendergast, Everett Eccentric Naturalist Constan-

onne

Shinn, and John Sloan) tine Rafinesque

Edu Sir Edward Elgar

Eighteenth State Louisiana Eckma Jan de Hartog’s pseud-

Eduardo E Howard Hunt

Eightfold Path right speech; onym

Educator-Freethinker Horace

right conduct; right liveli- ECR Lorac Edith Caroline

Mann

hood; right effort; right mind- Rivett’s pseudonym

Edward G Robinson Emman-

fulness; right concentration; Ecuadorean Ports Puerto de

uel Goldenberg

right views; right intentions San Lorenzo, Esmeraldas,

Edwardian Radical H i l a i r e

(Buddhism) Bahia de Caraquez, Bahia de

Belloc

Eighth State South Carolina Manta, Puerto de Cayo, La

Edward I Prime Stevenson

Xavier Mayne’s pseudonym

Eighth Wonder of the World

Liberiad, Salinas, Guayaquil,

compound interest, according Puna, Puerto Bolívar, Bahia

Edward Longshanks Edward

to Baron de Rothschild; the Baquerizo Moreno (on

I of England

Panama Canal; Grand Coulee Chatham or San Cristóbal)

Edward O Wilson F r a n k J

Baird, Jr

Dam, Grand Coulee, Wash-

Ecuadorian Archipelago

ington; Shirley Temple Galápagos Islands

Edward the Peacemaker E d -

ward VII, eldest son of Queen

Eisenhower Doctrine c o n t a i n

Ecuador’s Principal Port

the Soviet Union in Europe Guayaquil

Victoria

and the Middle East; for ED Emily Dickinson

Edward the Rake Edward VII

Dwight D Eisenhower, thirty- Eddie Albert Eddie Albert He-

Edwards syndrome ex t r a

fourth president of the United imberger

chromosome 18 material re-

sulting in elongated skull,

States

Eponyms, Nicknames

Either/Or Søren Kierkegaard’s

El Maestro ( S p a n i s h — t h e nickname

el esmog (Spanish—the smog)

master)—José Clemente Or- Ekaterinburg czarist name for

Mexico City

ozco Sverdlovsk

El Español ( S p a n i s h — T h e

El Manco de Lepanto (Span- El Alto (Spanish—The Tall

Spaniard)—Giuseppe Maria

ish—The One-handed Man of One)—La Paz, Bolivia’s air-

Crespi—ltalian painter’s

Lepanto)—Cervantes, whose port serving the world’s high-

nickname

left hand was maimed at the est capital city

El Españoleto Spanish painter

Battle of Lepanto El Bosco Spanish nickname for

José Ribera

El Mar del Sur ( S p a n i s h — Hieronymus Bosch

Eleventh State New York

The South Sea)—Balboa’s El Caballo ( S p a n i s h — T h e

El Fatah disease virulent anti-

name for the Pacific Ocean Horse)—nickname of Cuba’s

semitism

Elm City New Haven, Con- Communist dictator Fidel

El Fenix de España T h e

necticut Castro Ruz

Phoenix of Spain—Lope de

elm death Dutch elm disease El Cabrón ( S p a n i s h — T h e

Vega

Elmer short form for Elmer Goat)—nickname of disso-

El Fondo ( S p a n i s h — T h e

Gantry (novel by Sinclair lute Dominican dictator Gen-

Fund)—International Mone-

L ew i s a b o u t a c o r r u p t eralissimo Rafael Leonidas

tary Fund—IMF

preacher) Trujillo Molino

El Gran Libertador ( S p a n -

Elmers townspeople (circus El Caudillo ( S p a n i s h — T h e

ish— The Great Liberator)—

slang) Chief)—sobriquet of General

Simón Bolívar—liberated

Elmo Lincoln O t t o E l m o Francisco Franco-Baha-

Venezuela, Colombia, Ecua-

Linkenhelt monde

dor, Peru, and Bolivia from

El Mudo ( S p a n i s h — t h e El Cid El Cid Campeador

Spanish rule

mute)—Juan Fernández (Spanish—The Lord Cham-

El Greco ( S p a n i s h — T h e

Navêrette, Renaissance pion)—Rodrigo Díaz de Bi-

Greek)—Kryiakos Theotoko-

painter var

poulos (Domingo Theotocop-

Elmwood James Russell Low- El Coco (Spanish—Coconut

uli)

ell’s home in Cambridge, Palm)—San Jose, Costa

El Hombre ( S p a n i s h — T h e

Massachusetts Rica’s airport

Man)—nickname of Dr Ar-

El Niño (Spanish—the boy)— El Coronelazo (Spanish—the

nulfo Arias de Madrid of Pan-

warming of surface water off big colonel) David Siquieros

ama

Ecuador and Peru before ex- El Duque Orlando Hernandez

Elia Charles Lamb

tending westward over the (baseball player)

Eli Edwards Claude McKay

tropical eastern Pacific Ocean Elder Pitt William Pitt the Earl

Elijah Muhammad R o b e r t

El Norte ( S p a n i s h — t h e of Chatham also called the

Poole

north)—used by Latin Amer- Great Commoner

El Ilustre Americano ( S p a n -

ish—The Illustrious Ameri-

icans to mean the United

Elder Statesman President

States Dwight David Eisenhower

can)—self-title of Venezuelan

dictator Antonio Guzman

Eloquent President Abraham

Eldest Daughter of the Church

Lincoln France

Blanco

El Pisshole trucker’s nickname El Discutido ( S p a n i s h — t h e

El Inca ( S p a n i s h — T h e

for El Paso, Texas discussed)—Diego Rivera

Inca)—Peruvian historian

El Pisso trucker’s nickname for El Dorado the mythical land of

Garcilaso de la Vega

El Paso, Texas gold sought by the Spaniards

Elisabethville former name of

El Precursor (Spanish—the and others in the jungles and

Lubumbashi, Zaire

Precursor)—Francisco mountains of the Americas

Elizabeth Arden Florence N

Miranda—fighter for Venezu- El Dorado State California

Graham

elan freedom; Antonio electric cure electrocution

El Juli Julian Lopez, who be-

Nariño—fighter for Colom- Electric Motor City Detroit

came a matador in Spain at

bian freedom electromagnetic smog signals

age 16

Ellen Glasgow Ellen Anderson

El Pueblo Nuestra Señora la

from mobile phones, micro-

Gholson

Reina de los Angeles de Por-

wave ovens, cable-television

ciúncula (Spanish—The Vil- channels, et cetera that inter-

Ellery Queen Frederic Dannay

lage of Our Lady Queen of rupt radio data to telescope

and Manfred B Lee

the Angels of Porciúncula)— antennae

El Libertador (Spanish—The

early Spanish name for Los Elegant Arthur nickname for

Liberator)—Simón Bolivar

Angeles Chester Alan Arthur, twenty-

El Licenciado Tomé de Burguil-

Elroy American country-boy first president of the United

los ( S p a n i s h — A t t o r n ey

name derived from the French States

Tomé de Burguillos)—a

for king—Le Roi or the Span- Elephant Man disease n e u -

pseudonym of Lope de Vega

ish equivalent—El Rey—or rofibromatosis

Ellis Bell pseudonym of Emily

Brontë

their combination

Eponyms, Nicknames

Elsa Lanchester E l i z a b e t h

emerald nickel zaratite (basic

Emporium of the West Indies

Charlotte Amalie, St Thomas, El Salvador’s Ports La Unión,

Sullivan

hydrated nickel carbonate)

Virgin Islands; Willemstad, Puerto El Triunfo, La Liber-

Emerald of the Spanish Main

Curaçao tad, Acajutla

Colombia

Empress of the Blues B e s s i e El Silencio (Spanish—The Si-

emery A l u m i n u m o x i d e

Smith lence)—downtown Caracas

(A12O 3 )

Empress Carlota Marie Char- where bus routes start and au-

Émile Emile Zola (French nov-

lotte Amélie Augustine Vic- tomotive traffic is at its nois-

elist)

toire Clémentine Léopol- iest

Emil Jannings Theodore Frid-

dine—empress of Mexico El Smoggo trucker’s nickname

erich Emil Janez

under Maximilian for any smog-smitten city in

Emil Ludwig Emil Cohn

Empress Eugenie E u g é n i e the Southwest from El Paso

Eminent Humanist J u l i a n

Marie de Montijo de Guz- to Los Angeles

Huxley

man—empress of the French El Stinko (see El Smoggo)

Emma Emma Goldman (Rus-

under Napoleon III El Supremo (Spanish—The

sian-American anarchist)

Empress of Hollywood B e t t e Supreme)—Juan Vicente

Emma Calve Rosa Calvet

Davis Gómez, Venezuelan dictator

Emma Lathen pseudonym of

Empress of India Queen Vic- from 1908 to 1935; also

Mary J Latsis and Martha

toria known as El Gran Supremo

Hennissart

Empress of Vice Mary Jeffries Elton John Reginald Dwight

Emmet Street Brendan Be-

han’s pen name

(who in the 1800s controlled

El Viejo (Spanish—the old

London’s most elegant broth- man) when average ocean-

Emmy award for outstanding

els) water temperature cools by at

television performances in

Empty Quarter Empty Quar- least 1 degree centigrade (1.8

the United States; statuette

ter desert of Arabia degrees Fahrenheit) below

named after tv entertainer

Enchanted Isles the Galápa- normal

Faye Emerson

gos or Tortoise Tslands orig- Elvis Costello Declan Patrick

Emmy Destinn Ema Kittl

inally called Las Islas Encan- McManus

Emperor of the Cossacks

tadas by early Spanish Elysian Fields mythological

Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev

explorers place thought by the Portu-

end of the world Ushuala, Ar- guese to be the Madeira Is-

Emperor of Europe N a p o -

gentina lands or by the Spaniards to

leon Bonaparte’s self-im-

posed title

Energy City Houston, Texas

Engineer of the Animal World Emancipator of the Serfs

be the Canary Islands—also

Emperor of Japan A k i h i t o

known as Isles of the Blest

the busy beaver Czar Alexander II of Russia

(1989–), Hirohito (1936–

Engineer of Fantasy Wa l t

Emancipator of the Slaves

Disney William Wilberforce

Emperor of Manchukuo

Engineer President H e r b e r t Emanuel Swedenborg E m a n -

Henry Pu-Yi (1934–1945)

Hoover uel Svedberg

Emperor of Mexico n a t ive

revolutionary Augustín de

Iturbide (1822–1823)

Engineers’ Town Coulee City,

Embodiment of Chilean Cul-

Washington ture Pablo Neruda

Emperor Philosopher M a r-

England’s Wooden Walls t h e emerald beryllium chromium

cus Aurelius

Royal Navy during the Napo- aluminum silicate (gemstone

Emperor of Tenors E n r i c o

leonic wars variety of beryl)

Caruso

Englebert Humperdinck A r- Emerald Capital Bogotá, Co-

Emperor of the West Charles

nold Dorsey (who took the lombia

the Great

emperors imperial potentates;

name of Wagner’s protégé)

Emerald of the Caribbean

English Agnostics T h o m a s Guadeloupe Island, French

largest of the Alaskan geese,

Henry Huxley, Charles Dar- West Indies

Antarctic penguins, Central

win, Herbert Spencer Emerald City mythical capital

American boas, European

English Alexander nickname of Oz as described in The Wiz-

moths, Japanese fishes

of King Henry V ard of Oz ; Seattle, Washing-

Empire Empire State Building

English Atheists Charles Brad- ton

of New York City at Fifth Av-

laugh, Bertrand Russell Emerald Country Colombia

enue and 34th Street

English Bach Johann Chris- Emerald Empire Idaho’s pan-

Empire Builder of British

tian Bach (who lived in Lon- handle

South Africa Cecil Rhodes

don from 1759 to 1852) Emerald Isle Ireland

Empire City New York; Well-

English Caribees c o l o n i a l Emerald Necklace 1 8 , 0 0 0

ington, New Zealand

name for the British West In- acres of parks surrounding

Empire State New York

dies Cleveland

Empire State of the South

Georgia

English Channel La Manche

Eponyms, Nicknames

English Cradle of U.S. Presi-

Ethiopian Ports M a s s awa , dents England—ancestral

Era of Mediocrity post-World

Port Smyth, Assab home of Presidents Adams,

War II era

E-town Ellis Town; English- Carter, Cleveland, Coolidge,

Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus

town Fillmore, Ford, Garfield,

(originally Geert Geerts or

Eudora electronic-mail pro- Grant, Harding, Harrison,

Gerard Gerardzoon)

gram named for Mississippi Johnson, Lincoln, Madison,

Ercoli Palmiro Togliatti

short-story writer Eudora Pierce, Taft, Taylor, Tyler, and

Eric Evergood King Eric I of

Welty (inspired by her short Washington

Denmark

story, Why I Live at the P.O.) English Nonsense Poet E d -

Erich Erich Fromm

Eugenie Marlitt E u g e n i e ward Lear

Erich Maria Remarque Erich

Maria Kramer

John’s pseudonym

English Operetta Composer

Eulenberg’s disease congeni- Sir Arthur S Sullivan

Eric the Lamb King Eric III

tal muscular spasms English Opium Eater T h o -

of Denmark

Eumenides the Furies mas De Quincey

Eric the Memorable K i n g

European Community B e l - English penicillin a nice cuppa’

Eric II of Denmark

gium, Britain, Denmark, tea

Eric the Red Eric Thorvalds-

France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, English Polynesia j o c u l a r

son

Luxembourg, Germany, nickname for the Seychelles

Eric Rohmer Maurice Scherer

Netherlands, Portugal, Spain Islands in the Indian Ocean

Erich von Stroheim H a n s

European Twelve ( a r r a n g e d English Visionary Wi l l i a m

Erich Maria Stroheim von

by population) Germany, It- Blake

Nordenwall

aly, Britain, France, Spain, Eniwetok Kili Atoll

Erie Canal New York State

Barge Canal

Netherlands, Portugal,

Enlightened Philanthropist

Greece, Belgium, Denmark, Andrew Carnegie

Erin Ireland

Ireland, Luxembourg Enlightenment (see The En-

Ernest Bramah Ernest Bra-

mah Smith’s pseudonym

Europe’s Cyber City Amster- dam, Netherlands

lightenment)

Ernie Ernald; Ernest

Eusebius (see Florestan and The Enlightenment Europe’s

Ernst von Dohnányi E r n ö

18th century when encyclo-

Dohnanyi

Eusebius) Ev Everett; Evlin

Eros Center sex supermarket

Evangel of Liberty T h o m a s Lavoisier were matched

pedias appeared in France and

England; when Voltaire and

nickname in Hamburg and

Paine across the Channel by Paine

Bonn, Germany

Eve Arden Eunice Quedens and Priestley

Erudite Americans Will and

Ariel Durant

Everest Sir George Everest,

Enlightenment Centuries t h e who conducted a trigonomet-

Escape King Harry Houdini

17th and 18th centuries rical survey of India, and the (1600s and 1700s) when in

Eskimo Village Ko t z e bu e ,

great mountain bearing his America and Europe human

Alaska

Esperanto pseudonym of Dr

name Everest of Oil Paintings t h e

Mona Lisa doctrine

reason prevailed in educa-

LL Zemenhoff—inventor of

tional, political. and religious

Esperanto—an artificially

contrived universal language

Everglades State Florida

evergreen a journalistic story Entac Nord wire-guided anti-

ESP Pioneer Dr JB Rhine who

that reappears predictably tank missile made in France

coined the term extrasensory

Evergreen City S h e b oy g e n , Entendard Dassault single-en-

perception, ESP

Wisconsin gine jet attack aircraft made

Estado Libre Asociado de

Evergreen State Washington in France

Puerto Rico ( S p a n i s h —

Free Associated State of Pu-

Eve’s curse menstruation

E O’N Eugene O’Neill

erto Rico)—Commonwealth

Evil Empire USSR

Epic Poet of Ancient Greece

Evil Florist C h a r l e s P i e r r e Homer

of Puerto Rico

Baudelaire—famous for his epsom epsom salt(s)—named

e-tailers electronic retailers

Les Fleurs du Mal (Flowers for the English racetrack town

Etcher of Disaster Francisco

of Evil) of Epsom Downs

de Goya y Lucientes

Excelsiors New Yorkers epsom salt magnesium sulfate

Etcher of Prisons G i a m b a t -

Excelsior State New York (MgSO 4 ⋅ 7H 2 O)

tista Piranesi

Executive City Washington, Equality State Wyoming

Eternal City Rome

Ethel Barrymore Ethel Blythe

D.C.

Equatorial Guinea’s Main

Exocet A e r o s p a t i a l e s u r- Port Bata

Ethel Leginska Ethel Liggins

face-to-surface missile for Era of Good Feeling adminis-

Ethel Merman Ethel Zimmer-

use aboard warships tration of James Monroe—

mann

Ethelred the Unready Ethel-

Expounders of Utilitarianism

fifth President of the United

Jeremy Bentham, James Mill, States

red II of England

Ethical Culturist Felix Adler

and John Stuart Mill

Eponyms, Nicknames

Exxon (formerly ESSO) Stan-

Farmer’s Bible Sears, Roe-

Father of American Football

Walter Camp “Eye” I Street in Washington,

dard Oil

buck catalog

Far North n o r t h e r n m o s t

Father of American Free-

thought Thomas Paine Eye of the Baltic Gotland

D.C.

Alaska, Canada, Greenland,

Norway, Sweden, Finland,

Father of American Geogra-

Eye of England London

phy Jedidiah Morse Eye of Greece Athens

and Russia

Farther India Indochina; In-

Father of American Geology

Eye into Europe St Petersburg

William Maclure more recently known as Pe-

dochinese Peninsula

Farting Bedpost bassoon

Father of American History

tersburg, Petrograd, or Lenin-

George Bancroft, William grad

Far West the Rocky Mountain

Bradford Eye of Italy Rome

States

Fashoda f o r m e r n a m e o f

Father of American Horticul-

Eye of Paris Brassai (photogra-

ture Peter Henderson pher Gyula Halasz)

Kodok, Sudan

Fastback Plus trademark of

Father of American Indepen-

eye in the sky helicopter serv-

dence John Adams ing police

Fifth Generation Systems of

Baton

Father of American Lexicog-

Eyetie(s) British slang for

raphy Noah Webster ltalian(s)

Fate American nickname for

Lafayette

Father of American Litera-

Fabien Sevitzky Fa b i e n

ture Washington Irving Koussevitzky

Father of Abolition S a m u e l

Hopkins

Father of American Medical

Fabulous Philadelphians t h e

Association D r N a t h a n Philadelphia Orchestra

Father of the A-bomb J Rob-

Smith Davis Fair City Perth, Scotland

ert Oppenheimer

Father Abraham A b r a h a m

Father of American Medical

Fair Deal administration of

Botany Jacob Bigelow Harry S Truman—thirty-third

Lincoln

Father of Air Conditioning

Father of American Mineral-

ogy Parker Cleaveland Fairview Fannie The Seattle

President of the United States

WH Carrier

Father of Algebra D i o p h a n -

Father of American Mule

Breeding George Washing- fairy a male homosexual

Times

tus of Alexandria

ton Fairy of Dreams Queen Mab

Father of All Foods alfalfa

Father of Alligator Wrestling

Father of American Naval

Fairytale Land D e n m a r k

Architecture Wi l l i a m A home of Hans Christian

Ed Froelich of Rouge, Loui-

Webb Andersen

siana

Father of All Yankees B e n -

Father of American Naviga-

Faithful City Worcester, Mas-

tion Nathaniel Bowditch sachusetts

jamin Franklin

Father of America Sam(uel)

Father of the American

Falcon Dassault twin-engine

Nuclear Navy Admiral Hy- executive transport made in

Adams

man G Rickover France and called Mystere 20

Father of American Anarchy

Josiah Warren of Cincinnati,

Father of American Nutrition

falcons of the sea c l i p p e r

W(ilbur)—O(lin) Atwater ships

Ohio who in 1827 advocated

government activities be

Father of American Oceanog-

Falks Falklanders; Falkland Is-

raphy Matthew Fontaine lands

transferred to private citizens

Maury Falls City Louisville, Ken-

Father of American Anthro-

pology Lewis Henry Mor-

Father of American Orches-

tral Music Johann Christian Falls of the Rhine R h e i n fa l l

tucky

gan

Gottlieb Graupner or Schaffhausen

Father of the American Ballet

George Balanchine

Father of American Ornithol-

false topaz citrine (quartz with

ogy John James Audubon, ferric iron)

Father of American Baptists

Alexander Wilson Famous Potatoes State Idaho

John Clarke

Father of American Botany

Father of American Paleontol-

Fanguito ( S p a n i s h — L i t t l e

ogy O(thniel) C(harles) Muddy)—San Juan, Puerto

John Bartram

Marsh Rico slum

Father of American Boxing

William Muldoon

Father of American Photogra-

Fannie Mae Federal National

phy S(amuel) F(inley) B(re- Mortgage Association

Father of American Church

ese) Morse (FNMA)

Music Lowell Mason

Father of American Conchol-

Father of American Photo-

Journalism Matthew Brady Far-Flung Hubbell n a t u r e

Fanny Brice Fanny Borach

ogy Thomas Say

Father of American Conserva-

Father of American Poetry

Philip Freneau Farinelli Carlo Broschi

writer Sue Hubbell

tism John Jay

Father of American Dance

Father of American Poets

Farmer President Wi l l i a m

William Cullen Bryant Henry Harrison and George

Ted Shawn

Father of American Egyptol-

Father of American Pragma-

Washington

ogy James Henry Breasted

tism Charles Sanders Pierce

Eponyms, Nicknames

Father of American Prison

Father of Basketball J a m e s

Father of Church History

Reform George O Osborne

Naismith

Eusebius

Father of American Psychia-

Father of Bebop D i z z y

Father of Civilian Atomic

try Dr Benjamin Rush

Gillespie

Power A d m i r a l H y m a n

Father of American Psychobi-

Rickover ology Adolf Meyer

Father of Belgian Opera A n -

Father of the Civil Rights Father of American Psychol-

dre Ernest Modeste Gretry

Movement Martin Luther ogy William James

Father of Believers M o h a m -

med

King, Jr

Father of American Railroads

Father of the Bill of Rights

Father of Civil Service

Peter Cooper

James Madison

Reform G e o rg e H u n t

Father of the American Revo-

Pendleton lution Sam(uel) Adams

Father of Bird Behavior Stud-

Father of Classical Music Father of American Rocketry

ies Arthur Cleveland Bent

Franz Joseph Haydn Robert H Goddard

Father of Black Baseball

Rube Foster (Andrew Foster)

Father of Comedy A r i s -

Father of American Surgery

tophanes Dr William Halsted or Dr

Father of Black History

Chester G Woodson

Father of Confederation

Philip Syng Physick

Father of Blood Banks and

John A Macdonald—Can-

Father of American Technol-

ada’s first prime minister ogy Eli Whitney

Blood Plasma Charles R

Father of the Constitution Father of the American Turf

Rich

James Madison—fourth Pres- Leonard Jerome

Father of the Blues W ( i l -

liam) C(hristopher) Handy

ident of the United States

Father of American Universal-

Father of Botany Aristotle

Father of the Continental Con-

gress Benjamin Franklin Murray

ism Hosea Ballou, John

Father of Brazilian Opera

Antonio Carlos Gomes

Father of the Copyright Wil-

Father of American Zoology

liam Hogarth Thomas Say

Father of British Archeology

Augustus Henry Lane-Fox

Father of the Cotton Gin E l i

Father of Anatomical Dissec-

Whitney tion Andreas Vesalius

Pitt-Rivers

Father of British Boxing Jack

Father of Courtesy R i c h a r d

Father of Andean Archeology

Beauchamp—Earl of War- Max Uhle

Broughton

Father of British Musicology

wick

Father of Anesthetic Den-

Sir Charles Grove

Father of the Cowboys

Charles Goodnight Father of Angling lzaak Wal-

tistry William T G Morton

Father of the British Navy

Alfred the Great

Father of Cuban Indepen-

dence José Marti Father of Annapolis G e o rg e

ton

Father of British Printing

William Caxton

Father of Czechoslovakian

Bancroft

Father of British Unitarian-

Music Bedrich Smetana

Father of Antarctic Whaling

Father of Damien J o s e p h Captain Carl A Larsen

ism John Biddle

Father of Buffalo Joseph Elli-

Damien de Veuster

Father of Antiseptic Obstet-

cot

Father of Danish Opera

rics Ignaz Semmelweis

Father of Camouflage Abbott

Friedrich Kuhlau

Father of Antiseptic Surgery

Henderson Thayer

Father of Dano-Norwegian

Sir Joseph Lister

Father of Canadian Confeder-

Literature Ludvig Holberg

Father of Argentina’s School

ation Sir John A Macdonald

Father of the Declaration of

System Domingo Faustino

Independence title shared Sarmiento

and George Brown of On-

tario, Sir George S Etienne

by Thomas Paine, Thomas

Father of Argentine Indepen-

Jefferson, John Adams, and dence General José de San

Cartier and Sir Alexander

Benjamin Franklin Martín

Galt of Quebec, Sir Charles

Tupper of Nova Scotia, Sir

Father of Deep Ecology A r n e

Father of the Atomic Age

Naess Enrico Fermi

Samuel Leonard Tilley of

Father of the Detective Story Father of the Atomic Subma-

New Brunswick

Edgar Allan Poe rine Admiral Hyman Rick-

Father of Chemistry R o b e r t

Boyle

Father of Dinosaur Art

over, USN

Father of Chemurgy George

Charles R Knight

Father of the Automobile

Father Divine Morgan J Di- Gottlieb Daimler

Washington Carver

vine born George Baker Father of Bacteriology R o b -

Father of Chicago John Kin-

zie

Father of Dominican Indepen-

dence Juan Pablo Duarte Father of Baseball H e n r y

ert Koch

Father of Child Psychology

Leo Kanner

Father of the Dominican

Republic José Nuñez de wright, Abner Doubleday

Chadwick, Alexander Cart-

Father of the Chinese Revolu-

Cáceres Father of Basic Flying J o h n

tion Dr Sun Yat-sen

Father of Dutch Poetry J a - Joseph Montgomery

Father Christmas S a n t a

Claus; Snow King

kob van Maerlant

Eponyms, Nicknames

Father of the Dutch Reformed

Father of His Country C i - Church in America J o h n

Father of French-Canadian

cero and several Roman cae- Henry Livingston

Poetry Octave Cremazie

Father of French Lyric Poetry

sars; George Washington—

Father of Ecclesiastical His-

first President of the United tory Eusebius Pamphili

Pierre de Ronsard

Father of French Opera

States

Father of Egyptian Archeol-

Father of History Herodotus ogy Sir Flinders Petrie

Jean-Baptiste Lully

Father of Homeopathy in Father of Electroencephalog-

Father of the French School of

America Dr Constantine raphy Hans Berger

Neurology J e a n - M a r t i n

Hering Father of Embryology C a r l

Charcot

Father of French Surgery

Father of the Household

Ernst von Baer

Ambroise Paré

Heater Benjamin Franklin

Father of the Encyclopedia

Father of French Tragedy

Father of Humanism in Amer-

Diderot ica John Dietrich

Father of English Cathedral

Pierre Corneille

Father of the Hydrogen Bomb

Music Thomas Tallis

Father of Frozen Foods Clar-

Edward Teller

Father of English Empiricism

Father of Hypnotism F r a n z John Locke (1632–1704)

ence Birdseye

Father of Full-Spectrum light-

ing John Ott

Friedrich Anton Mesmer

Father of English Lexicogra- Father of Independent India

phy Dr Samuel Johnson

Father of Genetics G r eg o r

Mohandas Karamchand Gan-

Father of the English Novel

dhi Henry Fielding

Mendel

Father of Independent Van- Father of English Poetry

Father of Geography S t r a b o

uatu Walter Lini Geoffrey Chaucer

the Greek Stoic who wrote

Father of Individual Psychol- Father of English Printing

seventeen books about Asia,

ogy Alfred Adler William Caxton

Egypt, Libya, and Europe

Father of Geometry

Father of Inductive Philoso-

Father of English Song Caed-

phy Francis Bacon mon

Pythagorus

Father of German Literature

Father of the IQ Test A l f r e d

Father of English Unitarian-

Benet ism John Biddle

GotthoId Ephraim Lessing

Father of Israel Chaim Weiz- Father of Epic Poetry Homer

Father of German Opera

mann Father of the Erie Canal D e

Christoph Willibald von

Gluck

Father of Italian Landscape

Painting Andrea del Verroc- Father of Ethical Culture Fe-

Witt Clinton

Father of the German Refor-

chio (Andrea di Michele lix Adler

mation Martin Luther

Cione) Father of Ethology Ko n r a d

Father of German Unification

Prince Otto von Bismarck

Father of Italian Opera

Claudio Monteverdi Father of Euphuism John Lyly

Lorenz

Father of Japanese Carica- Father of the Everglades

Father of Gods and Men

ture Toba Sojo National Park J o h n P e n -

Odin or Wotan, according to

the Norse; Jove or Jupiter, ac- cording to the Romans; Zeus,

Father of Japanese Shipbuild-

nekamp

according to the Greeks; etc.

ing Thomas Glover known

Father of Experimental Physi-

to the Japanese as Kuraba ology Galen

Father of Jazz Scott Joplin Father of the Faithful A b r a -

Father of the Gramophone

Father of Jests Joseph Miller ham

Emile Berliner

Father of Greater Philadel-

Father of Farm Workers C e -

phia John Christian Bullitt

Father of the Juvenile Court

Judge Benjamin Barr Lindsey sar Chavez Father of Fascism B e n i t o

Father of Greek Didactic

Poetry Hesiod whose poem

Father of the Kindergarten

Friedrich Froebel Mussolini; Gabriele d’ An-

Father of the Kiwifruit James nunzio

Theogony describes the be-

MacLoughlin Father of Kudzu G e o rg i a System George Carter Glass

ginning of the world, its gods,

Father of the Federal Reserve

and the five Ages of Mankind

Father of Greek Music Te r-

Father of Latin Song Ennius D(avid) W(ark) Griffith

pander of Lesbos

farmer Charming Cope

Father of the Film Industry

(239–169 BCE) Father of Fingerprinting A l -

Father of Greek Sculpture

Phidias

Father of the Legal Code

David Dudley Field Father of the Flivver H e n r y

phonse Bertillon

Father of Greek Tragedy Ae-

Father of Lies Satan Ford

schylus

Father of Greenbacks

Father of the Locomotive Ri-

Father of the Free School Sys-

chard Trevethick tem Governor James Ed-

Salmon Portland Chase

Father of Logarithms J o h n ward English of Connecticut

Father of the H-bomb E d -

Napier Father of Free Trade A d a m

ward Teller

Father of High-Speed Photog-

Father of Mainframe Comput-

Smith

raphy Harold E Edgerton

ers Gene Amdahl

Eponyms, Nicknames

Father of Marine Geology

Father of Modern Geology

Father of Mongolian Democ-

Francis Shepard

Sir Charles Lyell

racy Sanjaasuren Zorig

Father of Massachusetts

Father of Modern German

Father of Moral Philosophy

Thomas Aquinas Father of Medicine H i p p o -

Governor John Winthrop

Poetry Heinrich Heine

Father of the Mormons J o - crates

Father of Modern Guitar

Music Francisco Tárrega

seph Smith

Father of Mexican Indepen-

Father of Muckrakers Upton dence Miguel Hidalgo y

Father of Modern Gynecol-

Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, Costilla

ogy Dr J Marion Sims

Father of Modern Italian

and Joseph Flynt Williard

Father of Mexican Muralism

Father of Music Festivals Ed- Dr Atl (born Gerardo Murillo)

Poetry Gabriele D’ Annun-

inburgh Father of Microscopy A n t o n

zio

Father of Modern Magnetism

Father of Natural History

van Leewenhoek

John Van Vleck

Aristotle; Carl Linnaeus

Father of Military Strategy

Father of Modern Medicine

Father of Naval Aviation

Father of Mineralogy A g r i - Commander Robert C Whit-

Hannibal

Canadian-born Sir William

cola ton

Osler

Father of Modern Anatomy Father of Negro History

Father of Modern Music

Andreas Vesalius (1514– Carter G(odwin) Woodson

Franz Liszt; Mozart

Father of Modern Navies

Father of the Neighborhood

Captain Alfred T Mahan au-

Father of Modern Architec-

Settlement House J a c o b

ture Frank Lloyd Wright August Riis

thor of The Influence of Sea

Power upon History pub-

Father of Modern Art

lished in 1890

Father of Neurosurgery

Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi)

Father of Modern Neurology

American-born Canadian

Father of Modern Astronomy

Doctor Wilder Penfield Copernicus (Nikolaus Koper-

Father of New England John nicki)

Guillaume-Ben-

jamin-Amand Duchenne

Father of Modern Baseball

Father of the Modern Novel

Endicott—its first governor

Alexander Joy Cartwright

Lion Feuchtwanger

Father of New England Tran-

Father of Modern Brazil

Father of the Modern Orches-

scendentalism Ralph Waldo

Emerson Getulio Vargas

tra Hector Berlioz

Father of the New Left H e r-

Father of Modern Conserva-

bert Marcuse tive Thought E d m u n d

Father of Modern Painters

Giovanni Cimabue (Cenni di

Pepo)

Father of Niagara Power

Burke

Father of Modern Contact

Father of Modern Pedagogy

William Birch Rankine

Lenses Otto Wichterle

Heinrich Pestalozzi

Father of the Nuclear Subma-

rine Admiral Hyman G

Father of Modern Criminol-

Father of Modern Philosophy

Rickover, USN

ogy Alphonse Bertillon and

René Descartes

Father of Modern Photogra-

Father of Oceanography

Cesare Lombroso

Father of the Modern Daylilly

phy William Henry Fox Tal-

Matthew Fontaine Maury

Father of Ontario Hydro S i r Dr Arlow Burdette Stout

bot

Adam Beck Philosophy John Locke

Father of Modern Democratic

Father of Modern Physics

Father of Organic Architec- Father of Modern Drama

Albert Einstein

Father of Modern Physiology

ture Frank Lloyd Wright

Father of Organized Labor

Henrik Ibsen

William Harvey

Father of Modern Economic

Samuel Gompers Forecasting Tr y g ve

Father of Modern Prose Fic-

Father of Osteopathy Dr An- Haavelmo

tion Daniel Defoe

Father of Modern Rocketry

drew T Still

Father of Modern Economics

Robert Hutchings Goddard

Father of Paleontology

Adam Smith

Father of Modern Russian

Georges Cuvier

Father of Modern English

Father of Parole Captain Al- Poetry Walt Whitman

Poetry Nikolai Alekseevich

Nekrasov

exander Maconochie the gov-

Father of Modern Existential-

ernor of the Norfolk Island ism Søren Kierkegaard

Father of Modern Spanish

Poetry Rubén Darío

penal colony from 1840 to

Father of Modern Explora-

1844 tion Fridtjof Nansen

Father of Modern Surgery of

Father of Pasteurization Father of Modern Finger-

the Brain Paul Broca

Louis Pasteur printing Sir Edward Rich-

Father of Modern Symphony

César Franck

Father of the Patent Office

ard Henry

Father of Modern Taxonomy

John Ruggles

Father of Modern French

Father of Pathology R u d o l f Poetry Charles Baudelaire

Carl von Linné also known as

Carolus Linnaeus

Virchow

Father of Modern Genetics

Father of the Modern Zoo

Father of Penitentiary Sci-

Gregor Mendel

Carl Hagenbeck

ence Jean Jacques Vilain

Eponyms, Nicknames

Father of Pennsylvania Will-

Feingold diet diet said to calm iam Penn—its founder

Father of the World Wide

hyperactive children (named Father of Permissiveness Ben-

Web Tim Berners-Lee

for Dr Benjamin Feingold) jamin McLane Spock, pedia-

Father of Yellowstone Nation-

Feldenkrais Technique p o s - trician (1903–1998)

al Park Nathaniel Langford

Father of Zionism T h e o d o r

ture therapy developed by

Father of Philippine Indepen-

Moshe Feldenkrais dence Emilio Aguinaldo

Herzl

Female Seminary Mount Ho- Father of Philosophy Thales

Father of Zoology Aristotle

Fats Thomas (Fats) Waller

lyoke College

Father of the Phonograph

Feminist Reformer L u cy Thomas A Edison

Fats Domino Antoine Domino

Fats Waller Thomas Waller

Stone

Father of Photojournalism

Feminist Revolutionist M a r y Alfred Eisenstaedt

Fat Tony Antonio Salerno

Wollstonecraft also known as Father of Physiography Will-

Fatty and Skinny O l ive r

Mary Godwin iam Morris Davis

Newell Hardy and Stan Lau-

rel

Ferihegy Budapest, Hungary’s

Father of Pianoforte Playing

airport Muzio Clementi

Faulhaber Cardinal Michael

Fernán Caballero C e c i l i a Father of Pittsburgh G e o rg e

von Faulhaber, who opposed

Francisca Josefa de Arrom Washington who proposed

the Nazis

Fernandel Fernand Contandin the location and the name

Faulkner’s County Yo k n a p -

atawpha (an invention of nov-

Fernando de Magallanes

Father of Poetry Orpheus

elist William Faulkner)

(Spanish—Ferdinand Magel-

Father of Polar Exploration

lan)—originally Fernão de Fridtjof Nansen

Faultless Painter Andrea del

Magalhães Father of the Potteries J o -

Sarto

Ferrel’s law a body moving in siah Wedgwood

Faustus Socinus Fa u s t o

Father of Psychoanalysis

Sozzini

any direction over Earth’s

surface will tend to be de- Sigmund Freud

Favelas Rio de Janeiro slums

flected to right in Northern

Father of Public Relations

favism disease, caused by en-

Edward L Bernays, Ivy L Lee

zyme deficiency in some peo-

Hemisphere and left in South- ern Hemisphere—for Ameri-

Father of Radio Lee De For-

ple, that destroys red blood cells when fava beans are

can meteorologist William est

Father of Radio Broadcasting

eaten

Ferrel

Ferret Daimler armored scout Harry P(hillips) Davis

Favorite Island of Columbus

car made in Great Britain Father of Railways G e o rg e Stephenson

Ferryville old name for Men- zei-Bourguiba in Tunisia Father of Reform John Cart-

Jamaica

The Fed The Federal Reserve

Fertile Arabia Arabia Felix in wright

Board

Federal Capital Territory

the southern Arabian Penin- sula, particularly in the Ye-

Father of the Reformed

now called Australian Capital

Church John Henry Living-

menite lands once called ston

Territory (around and in Can-

berra)

Federal City Wa s h i n g t o n ,

Aden or the Hadhramaut

Father of the Religion of Rea-

Fertile Crescent A u s t r a l i a ’s son (Unitarianism) J a m e s

coastal plain extending from Martineau in England, Ralph

D.C.

southern New South Wales to Waldo Emerson and The-

federalese the jargon of bu-

southern Queensland; agri- odore Parker in the United

reaucrats on the federal pay-

cultural region extending States

roll

Federal Hill P r ov i d e n c e ,

from the Lerant to Iraq

Father of Religious Human-

Fiddler’s Green t r a d i t i o n a l ism John Dietrich

Rhode Island slum

Federal Republic of Germany

haven of drowned sailors sup-

Father of the Republic of

posedly filled with women, China Sun Yat Sen

Bundesrepublik Deutschland

grog, fine food, and tobacco; Father of the Waters g r e a t

Federated States of Microne-

some opine it is a suburb of rivers such as the Amazon,

sia i s l a n d s o f Ko s r a e ,

Davy Jones’ Locker while Amur, Congo, Euphrates,

Phompei, Truk, and Yap

others insist it is a synonym Huang, Irrawaddy, Lena,

Federation of Malaysia M a -

for Fiddler’s Grotto Mackenzie, Mekong, Missis-

laysia (formerly Brunei, Fed-

Fiddler’s Grotto music-fulled sippi, Niger, Nile, Ob, Volga,

eration of Malaya, Sabah, Sa-

tropical marine cavern inhab- Yangtze, Yenisei

rawak, and Singapore)

Federation of South Arabia

ited by young women; roast

Father of the Western Story

turkeys fly about slowly; fine Zane Grey

Ittihad al Janub al ’Arabi—

formerly Aden Colony and

beer, whiskey, and wine cas-

Father of Western Theater

cade down its marble walls; Aeschylus

Aden Protectorate

its location, according to Cap- Father of West Point S y l va -

Feebie (American slang —

tain Ed Hassel, is exactly two nus Thayer

member of the Federal Bu-

reau of Investigation)

miles this side of Hell

Eponyms, Nicknames

Fifteenth State Kentucky

First Family family of the Fifteen-Year War (see Pacific

Fiona Macleod

Wi l l i a m

President of the United States War)

Sharp’s pseudonym

First Fleeters Australians trac- Fifth Continent Africa

Fiorello Fiorello LaGuardia

ing their lineage to their an- Fifth Disease parvovirus

Firebar NATO name for Soviet

cestors’ arrival in 1788 Fifth Estate The Underworld

Yakovlev all-weather fighter

First Foreign Enclave Macao, of Organized Crime

interceptor aircraft Yak-28P

Portuguese China Fifth State Connecticut

Firebrand of the Navy L i e u -

first-generation money c a s h ; Fiftieth State Hawaii

tenant Stephen Decatur, USN

currency Figaro Mariano José de Larra’s

Firebrand of the World Ta -

merlane (Timur Lenk or

First Gentleman of the Land

President Chester A Arthur Fighting Bob Rear Admiral

pseudonym

Timur the Lame)

First Gospel Gospel according Robley Evans; English prize-

Fireclay Capital Mexico, Mis-

souri

fighter Robert P Fitzsim-

firecracker factory m i s s i l e

to Saint Matthew

First Great Cheerful Giver

George Peabody Fighting Lady USS Lexington

mons; Senator Robert M La

manufacturing plant

Follette, Sr

Fireman Joe Begg (baseball

player)

First Great Operatic Com-

Fighting Quaker G e n e r a l

Firestreak Hawker-Siddeley

poser of the New World

Carlos Gomes Fijian Ports Suva and Levuka

Nathanael Greene

air-to-air missile

First All-American Poet Walt

First Great Symphonist

Filadelfia Paraguay’s City of

Franz Joseph Haydn Brotherly Love

Whitman

First Halfway House Isaac T Filatov’s disease s c a r l a t i n a -

First American Advertiser

Hooper Home opened in New like exanthematous affection

William Penn

York City in 1845 by the So- Filbert Center Hillsboro, Ore-

First American Man of Let-

ciety of Friends (Quakers) gon

ters Washington Irving

First International First Inter- Filipino Libertarian E m i l i o

First American Penitentiary

national Workingmen’s Asso- Aguinaldo

Walnut Street Jail in Philadel-

ciation (convening in Paris in Film Capital Hollywood, Cal-

phia built in 1790

1864) ifornia

First American Poet P h i l i p

First Lady wife of any Ameri- Filthydelphia Philadelphia

Frenau

can President Finality John Lord John Rus-

First American Republic Ice-

First Lady of the Air Amelia sell

land

Earhart final solution Hitlerian trunca-

First American Woman Novel-

First Lady of America Poca- tion covering the extermina-

ist Charlotte Lennox

hontas tion of the Jews

First American Woman Physi-

First Lady of American Revo- Financial Center of the Rock-

cian Elizabeth Blackwell

lution Mercy Otis Warren ies Denver, Colorado

First Astrophysicist J o h a n n e s

Kepler

also known as Philomela

Financial Genius of the Under-

First Atomic City H a n f o r d ,

First Lady of American Song

world Meyer Lansky

Washington

Kate Smith

Financier of the Revolution

First Black American Conduc-

First Lady of American The-

ater Helen Hayes Finkelstein Box a box that di-

Robert Morris

tor Dean Dixon

First Black Member of the

First Lady of Computers

vides United States into Re-

Lady Augusta Ada Byron and Democratic Party strong-

U.S. Supreme Court Thur-

publican Party strongholds

good Marshall

First California Mission S a n

Lovelace (the poet Lord By- ron’s daughter)

holds (named for Arthur

Diego de Alcalá First Church First Church of

First Lady of Country Music

Tammy Wynette Finland’s Principal Port Hel-

Finkelstein, political consult- ant)

First Lady of Crime A g a t h a sinki

Christ, Scientist

Christie Finnish Ports Tornio, Roytta,

First Citizen of Ghana D r

WEB Du Bois

First Lady of Liberty A b i g - Kemi, Koivoluoto, Oulu,

First City of the First State

ail Adams Raahe, Kokkola, Ykspihlaja,

Wilmington, Delaware

First City of the South S a -

First Lady of the Library

President Millard Fillmore’s Vasklot, Kasko, Kristinestad,

Jakobstad, Nykarleby, Vaasa,

vannah, Georgia

wife Abigail—founder of the Pori, Mantyluoto, Reposaari,

First Concentration Camp in

first library in the White Kaunissaari, Rauma,

Germany Dachau (erected

House Uusikaupunki, Turku, Storby,

in March 1933 near Munich)

First Estate The Clergy

First Lady of the Skies

Mariehamn, Hango, Lappvik,

Amelia Earhart Ekenas, Helsinki, Kotka,

First Execution by Electrocu-

First Lady of Song E l l a Hamina

tion August 6, 1890 in New

York State’s Auburn Prison

Fitzgerald

Eponyms, Nicknames

First Lady of the World

Fletcherism Horace Fletcher’s Eleanor Roosevelt—wife of

First Zen First Zen Institute of

theory that people should President Franklin D

America

chew every forkful of food Roosevelt

fiscal pirates inflation and taxes

Fish-Canning Capital of the

thirty-two times for good

First Lawyer of the Land

health U.S. Attorney General

World Stavanger, Norway

Fisher Equation interest rates

Flickertail(s) N o r t h D a ko -

First Man to Walk on the

tan(s) Moon Neil A Armstrong

are composed of the real rate

Flickertail State North Dakota First Mayor of Chicago Will-

of interest plus the expected

Flip Wilson Clerow Wilson, co- iam Butler Ogden

rate of inflation (named for

economist Irving Fisher)

median (1933–1998)

First Person to Announce His

Fishing’s Eve Juliana Berners

Flitch John Pierpont Morgan

Discovery of Photography

Flivver King Henry Ford William Henry Fox Talbot on

Fishpot NATO name for Soviet

float a term for the period of January 31, 1839

SU-9 all-weather jet fighter

time between when a check is First Perspective Painter Pa -

aircraft

written and funds are drawn o l o U c c e l l o ( Pa o l o d i

Fitter NATO name for Soviet

from the check’s account Dono)—known for his stud-

SU-7 jet ground-attack air-

Flood City Johnstown, Penn- ies in foreshortening and lin-

craft

sylvania ear perspective

Fiume Italian name for Rijeka,

Floral Watercolorist William First Picaresque Novel L a z -

Yugoslavia formerly belong-

Demuth arillo de Tormes (author un-

ing to Italy

Five Nations Cayugas, Onei-

Floreana Island, Galápagos

Santa María First Poet Laureate Ben Jon-

known)

das, Onondagas, Mohawks,

Florence Austral F l o r e n c e son

and Senecas (American In-

dian tribes on the English side

Wilson

First Poet Laureate of the

Florestan Robert Schumann United States Robert Penn

in the French and Indian

Wars)

Florestan and Eusebius

Warren (1986–1987)

Fjord Land Norway

pseudonyms invented by

Robert Schumann to repre- States George Washington

Flag of Alfonso yellow-and-

sent the two sides of his char- First Prison Newspaper T h e

First President of the United

red emblem of Spain dating

acter Florestan was impetu- Summary published by the in-

from fifteenth century when it

ous and passionate whereas mates of the New York State

was carried by Alfonso el

Magnánimo

Eusebius was the dreamer Florida of Canada B r i t i s h

Reformatory at Elmira on No-

Flag Bay Bahía de Banderas,

vember 22, 1883—Thanks-

Columbia, Canada giving Day

Mexico

Flagellum Dei (Latin—Scourge

Florida Pen Florida Peninsula Florida Ports J a c k s o nv i l l e ,

First Quaker G e o rg e Fo x ,

Port Everglades, Miami, Key founder of the Society of

of God)—Attila the king of the

Huns

West, Tampa, St Petersburg,

Port St Joe, Panama City, First Romantic Artist G i a m -

Friends

Flagon-A NATO code name

Pensacola battista Piranesi

for Soviet SU-11 delta-wing

Flour City Buffalo or Roches- First State Delaware

fighter aircraft

ter, New York First Street in Europe D i s -

flap and zap laser in-situ kera-

Flower Capital Encinitas, Cal- raeli’s nickname for London’s

tectomy

ifornia Strand

Flash Joe Gordon

Flower City Rochester, New First University Plato’s Acad-

Flash Hollett William Hollett

York emy

Flashlight NATO name for So-

Flower Garden of England First White House of the Con-

viet Yakovlev Yak-25 two-

The Sorlings or Isles of Scilly federacy temporary home of

place interceptor fighter air-

off Land’s End Jefferson Davis in Montgom-

craft

Flower King Carl von Linné ery, Alabama in 1861

Flatiron New York City’s Flat-

(Linnaeus) First Woman Physician D r

iron Building at Broadway,

Flower of the Levant Zante in Elizabeth Blackwell

Fifth Avenue, and 23rd Street

the Ionian Islands First Woman Reporter A n n e

Flats Flatlands—in Great Brit-

Flower Moon full moon in June Royale of Virginia (publisher

ain

Flower of Quakerism a b o l i - of Paul Pry), Nellie Bly of

Flea Freddie Patek (baseball

tionist Lucretia Mott Pennsylvania (reporter for the

player)

fleishig pertaining to meat (Yid-

Flower Seed Capital of the

West Santa Maria, Califor- First World highly industrial-

New York World )

dish: fleyshik)

nia ized countries such as Japan,

Flemish Colorist Peter Paul

Flower State Florida the United States and most

Rubens

Flower Town Brampton, On- Western European nations

Flemish Primitive Painter

Gheeraert David

tario

Eponyms, Nicknames

Flowertown in the Pines

Forest of Forests forested belt

Foster Mother of the Sciences

Medicine Flower of the Transvaal P r e -

Summerville, South Carolina

stretching from northern Nor-

Founder of the AAAA D r toria

way to eastern Siberia

Charles L Andrews, founder Flowery Kingdom China

Forget-Me-Not State Alaska

American Association for the fluf fat little ugly fella (engi-

The Forgotten Man P r e s i -

Advancement of Atheism neers’ nickname for Boeing

dent Franklin D Roosevelt’s

Founder of Agnosticism Tho- 737 jet)

description of the American

mas Henry Huxley Flying Boxcar C-119 Fairchild-

voter

Forgotten Philosopher G i o r-

Founder of Agricultural

Chemistry Justus von Lie- Flying Dutchman m y t h i c a l

Hiller transport

dano Bruno

big character immortalized in Ri-

The Forgotten War Ko r e a n

War

Founder of the American Fed-

chard Wagner’s opera Der

eration of Labor Sam(uel) Fliegende Holländer; nick-

Former Naval Person c o d e

Gompers name of the baseball batting

name of Prime Minister

Churchill formerly First Lord

Founder of American Military

champion of the early

Intelligence General Ralph 1900s—Honus Wagner

of the Admiralty

H Van Deman Flying Finn Paavo Nurmi

Formidable Maestra conduc-

tor Antonia Brico

Founder of the American

Fly-up-the-Creek green heron

Navy John Paul Jones (Butorides virescens)

Formosa (Portuguese—beauti-

ful, delightful, perfect)—

Founder of Analytical Psychol-

Fly up the Creeks Floridians

ogy Carl Gustav Jung Foam City Milwaukee, Wis-

name given Taiwan by Portu-

guese explorers

Founder of the Aniline Dye

consin Industry Sir William Perkin

Fortaleza formerly Caerá

Fog City San Francisco

Founder of Antiseptic Sur-

Fogfoundland f o g - b o u n d gery Joseph Lister

Fort Dimanche Haiti’s infa-

mous prison close to Pétion-

Foggy Bottom the U.S. State Criticism Giorgio Vasari

Newfoundland

Founder of Art History and

ville

Department Founder of Bacteriology Fer-

Fort Hill John C Calhoun’s

Foley motion picture postpro- dinand Cohn

country seat in the Pendleton

duction synchronization of Founder of Behaviorism John

district of South Carolina near

body-movement sounds with Watson

Anderson

Fortieth State South Dakota

the image track; Thomas S

Founder of the Birth Control

Foley

Fort Liquordale Fort Lauder-

Movement Margaret Sanger

Folk Arts and Crafts Capital

dale, Florida (when college

Founder of the Boy Scouts and

of Kentucky Berea

students make their Easter va-

Girl Guides S i r R o b e r t

Founder of Brazil Pedro Al- Foothill City Calgary, Alberta

Football Capital of the South

Baden-Powell Birmingham or New Orleans

cation visit)

Fortunate Island Monhegan,

vares Cabral Forbidden City Lhasa, Tibet

Maine

Fortunate Islands Canary Is-

Founder of British Imperial

Forbidden Island p r iva t e l y

lands

India Robert Clive

Founder of Buddhism Prince owned Niihau, westernmost

Fortunate Isles Madeira Is-

Siddhartha (Gautama Bud- island in Hawaii

lands—also called Isles of the

dah)

Forbidden Kingdom Bhutan

Blest in classical mythology

Fordham Flash Frank Frisch Pedro de Mendoza Ford Madox Ford Ford Ma-

Fortune-seekers Idahoans

Founder of Buenos Aires

forty-and-eights railroad box-

cars used by French in World

Founder of Cellular Pathol-

dox Hueffer ogy Rudolf Virchow Fordtown Detroit, Michigan

War I to transport forty men

Founder of Chemistry R o b - Foreigner State New Jersey

or eight horses

ert Boyle Forensic Psychiatrist Richard

Forty-eighth State Arizona

Founder of Chicago Jean de von Krafft-Ebing

Forty-fifth State Utah Forty-first State Montana

Sable

Forerunner of the Reforma- Founder of Christian Science

tion John Huss

Forty-fourth State Wyoming

Forerunner of Spanish-Amer-

Forty Immortals c o l l e c t ive

Mary Baker Eddy

Founder of Cleveland, Ohio

ican Independence F r a n -

nickname of the forty mem-

cisco Miranda

bers of the French Academy

Moses Cleaveland

Founder of the Columbia Uni-

Forest Cantons Swiss cantons

Forty-ninth State Alaska

versity School of Journal-

of Lucerne, Schwyz, Unter-

ism Joseph Pulitzer walden, and Uri

Forty-second State Washing-

ton

Founder of Comparative

Forest City Cleveland, Ohio or

Anatomy Baron Georges London, Ontario

Forty-seventh State N ew

Cuvier Forest City of the South S a -

Mexico

Forty-sixth State Oklahoma

Founder of Confucianism

vannah, Georgia

Forty-third State Idaho

K’ung Futzu (Confucius)

Eponyms, Nicknames

Founder of Conservative Sur-

Founder of Hungary Arpad

Founder of Phenomenology

gery Sir William Fergusson

Founder of Iconographic and

Edmund Husserl

Founder of Continental Ratio-

Physiologic Anatomy L e -

Founder of Philosophic Radi-

calism James Mill Founder of Cubism G e o rg e

nalism René Descartes

onardo da Vinci

Founder of Impressionism

Founder of Polaroid Photogra-

Braque, Pablo Picasso

Claude Monet

phy Edwin Land

Founder of Cybernetics

Founder of Positivism A u - Norbert Wiener

Founder of Islam Mohammed

Founder of Jainism M a -

guste Compte; Immanuel

Founder of Czech School of

Kant Music Bedrich Smetana

havira also known as Vardha-

mana

Founder of Postimpression-

Founder of Dada Tr i s t a n

ism Paul Cézanne Tzara

Founder of Japanese Color-

Print Making I wa s a

Founder of Pragmatism

Founder of Detroit Sieur de

C(harles) S(anders) Peirce Cadillac

Matabei

Founder President of Zambia Founder of Electromagnetism

Founder of Judaism Moses

Kenneth Kaunda Michael Faraday

Founder of the Kelmscott

Founder of Professional Nurs- Founder of Electrophysiology

Press William Morris

ing Florence Nightingale Emil du Bois Reymond

Founder of the Lutheran

Founder of Providence, Rhode Founder of English Empiri-

Church Martin Luther

Island Roger Williams cism Sir Francis Bacon

Founder of Manila M i g u e l

Founder of Psychoanalysis Founder of Episcopalianism

López de Legazpi

Sigmund Freud Henry VIII

Founder of Medical Statistics

Founder of Experimental

Pierre-Charles Alexander

Founder of Psychology Wi l -

helm Wundt Hygiene Max von Petten-

Louis

kofer

Founder of the Methodist

Founder of Québec S a m u e l

Founder of the Faculty of Phy-

Church John Wesley

de Champlain

sicians and Surgeons of

Founder of Modern Astron-

Founder of the Religious Soci-

ety of Friends George Fox Glasgow Peter Lowe

omy Nicolaus Copernicus

Founder of Fauvism H e n r i

(Nikolaus Kopernicki)

Founder of Rhode Island

Emile Benoit Matisse

Founder of Modern Chemis-

Roger Williams

Founder of First Free Medical

Founder of Rome Romulus Clinic in the U.S. B e n -

try Antoine Lauret Lavoisier

Founder of Modern Existen-

Founder of the Royal Navy

tialism Søren Kierkegaard

Samuel Pepys

Founder of the Franco-Belgian

Founder of Russian Litera- School of Violin Playing

jamin Rush

Founder of Modern German

ture Alexander Pushkin Charles Auguste de Bériot

Sculpture Johann Gottfried

Founder of Salt Lake City Founder of French Colonial

Schadow

Brigham Young Empire Louis Faidherbe

Founder of Modern Military

Founder of the Science of Founder of French Grand

Medicine Sir John Pringle

Eugenics Sir Francis Galton Opera Daniel François Es-

Founder of Modern Philoso-

phy René Descartes

Founder of Scientific History

prit Auber

Founder of Modern Russian

Thucydides

Founder of French Opera

Literature A l e k s a n d r

Founder of Scottish Presbyte-

Jean-Baptiste Lully

Sergeyvich Pushkin

rianism John Knox

Founder of French Socialism

Founder of Modern Sculpture

Founder of Secularism

Compte Claude Henri de

George Holyoake Rouvroy de Saint-Simon

Donatelio (Donato di Niccolo

di Betto Bardi)

Founder of Singapore Sir Th-

Founder of the Friends

omas Stamford Raffles George Fox

Founder of Mormanism J o -

Founder of Social Psychology Founder of Functionalism

seph Smith

Gustave Le Bon Louis Sullivan

Founder of Naturalist Move-

Founder of Sociology A u - Founder of Georgia J a m e s

ment in Literature É m i l e

guste Compte Oglethorpe

Zolá

Founder of State Socialism Founder of Gestalt Therapy

Founder of Oklahoma J e a n

Louis Blanc Fritz Perls

Pierre Chouteau

Founder of Optics Giovanni

Founder of Swarthmore Col-

Founder of Hadassah Henri-

lege Martha Ellicott Tyson etta Szold

Battista della Porta

Founder of Taoism Lao-tzu Founder of Histology M a r-

Founder of Osteopathy A n -

drew Taylor Still

Founder of Transcendental

cello Malpighi

Founder of Pakistan Dr Mo-

Idealism Immanuel Kant

Founder of Homeopathy

hammed Ali Jinnah

Founder of Transcendental-

ism Ralph Waldo Emerson Hahnemann

Christian Friedrich Samuel

Founder of Pediatric Cardiol-

ogy Helen Brooke Taussig

Founder of Troy Tros

Founder of Humanistic Psy-

Founder of Pennsylvania

Founder of Unitarianism

chology Abraham Maslow

William Penn

John Biddle

Eponyms, Nicknames

Founder of the University of

Fra Angelico Giovannida Fie- Pennsylvania B e n j a m i n

four-dimensional science g e -

sole Franklin

ology involving the applica-

tion of biology, chemistry,

Fra Bartolommeo B a c c i o

Founder of the University of

della Porta Virginia Thomas Jefferson

mathematics, and physics

Fra Elbertus Elbert Hubbard Founder of Uruguay J o s é

four-five .45-caliber gun

Fragment of Eden Seychelles Gervasio Artigas

Four Forest Cantons L u c -

erne, Schwyz, Unterwalden,

Islands in the Indian Ocean

Founder of the U.S. Navy

Fragrant Harbor Hong Kong Captain John Paul Jones

and Uri—all in Switzerland

Framer of the Bill of Rights Founder of the Venetian

The Four Horsemen s e n i o r

James Madison School of Painting G i o -

backfield that led Notre Dame

to national collegiate football

Framer of the Declaration of

Independence Thomas Jef- Founder of Vermont Ira Allen

vanni Bellini

championship in 1924—Jim

Crowley, Elmer Layden, Don

ferson who rewrote Thomas

Founder of Victimology

Paine’s draft with the aid of Hans von Hentig or Benjamin

Miller and Harry Stuhldreher

John Adams and Benjamin Mendelsohn

Four Lakes City M a d i s o n ,

Wisconsin

Franklin

Founder of Zoroastrianism

The Four Musketeers

Framer of the French Revolu-

Zoroaster also known as Zar-

tion Denis Diderot athustra

Frenchmen who dominated

Frances Alda Frances Davis Founders of Christianity dis-

men’s world tennis in 1920s

and 1930s—Jean Borotra,

France’s Largest Port

ciples of Jesus Christ

Jacques Brugnon, Henry Co-

Marseille

Founders of Cubism Georges Franche-Compté Burgundy

chet and René Lacoste

Braque and Pablo Picasso Francis Beeding John Leslie

Four Noble Truths suffering is

an unavoidable part of exist-

Founders of Flemish Painting

Palmer’s pseudonym the van Eyck brothers—Hu-

ence; suffering is caused by

desire; elimination of desire

Franciscan Wine Capital

brecht and Jan

will end suffering; desire and

Wurzburg, Germany

Founders of French Romantic

suffering can be eliminated

Franco-Hispanic Co-Princi-

Painting Delacroix, Géri-

pality Andorra (between cault, and Gros

Four Seasons Crossroad of

New England Manchester,

France and Spain)

Founders of the Hudson River

Francoise Sagan pseudonym— School (of painting) T h o -

Françoise Quoirez mas Cole and Asher Brown

New Hampshire

François Villon François de Durand

Fourteen Points s t a t e m e n t

made by President Woodrow

Wilson of American peace

Montcorbier

Founders of Neo-Impression-

Francophone Africa A fa r s ism Georges Seurat and Paul

goals during World War I

and Issas, Algeria, Burundi, Signac

Fourteenth State Vermont

Fourth Bureau Red Army bu-

Cameroon, Central African

Founders of Scientific Social-

Republic, Chad, Congo, Be- ism Karl Marx and Friedrich

nin, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Engels

reau in charge of overseas in-

Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Founding Father City A u s -

telligence-gathering activities

Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger, tin, Texas named in honor of

of the Soviet Union

Reunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Stephen F Austin

Fourth Estate The Media—

press, radio, television

Seychelles, Togo, Tunisia,

Fourth Gospel Gospel accord-

Founding Father of Israel

Burkina Faso, Zaire

ing to Saint John

Francophone America

David Ben-Gurion

Fourth International Trotsky-

French Guiana; Guadeloupe;

Founding Fathers of Econom-

Haiti; coastal parishes of Lou- ics Adam Smith and David

oriented organization reject-

isiana; Martinique; northern Ricardo

ing the Second and Third In-

ternationals in the direction of

New York, Vermont, New

Founding Father of the Smith-

Hampshire, Maine, and New sonian Joseph Henry

the class struggle

Fourth State Georgia

Brunswick; Québec; St Pierre

Founding Philosopher of Mod-

and Miquelon ern Capitalism A d a m

Fourth World poorest of the

Francophone Europe A n - Smith

Third World nations

dorra; French-speaking Bel- Fountain of Youth St August-

Four Tigers Hong Kong, Sin-

gium, France, Luxembourg, ine, Florida

gapore, South Korea, Taiwan

Monaco; French-speaking Four-C City El Paso, Texas

Four Winds Boreas (north),

cantons of Switzerland (famous for its cattle, climate,

Eurus (east), Notus (south),

Francophone Pacific F r e n c h copper, and cotton)

Zephyrus (west)

Polynesia, New Caldonia, Four Corners boundary-line

Foxardo (naval argot—Fa-

New Hebrides, Wallis and Fa- junction of Arizona, Colo-

jardo, Puerto Rico)

tuna Islands rado, New Mexico, and Utah

Foxes Mainers

Fox Populi Charles James Fox

Francophone Province Québec

Eponyms, Nicknames

Frank Leslie business name of

French Quarter Vieux Carré Henry Carter

French Community m e t r o -

in New Orleans Frank Richards C h a r l e s

politan France together with

its overseas departments, ter-

French Revolutionary Calen-

dar (see Vend, Brum, Frim, Franz Josef Land Arctic is-

Hamilton’s pen name

ritories, and former territories

Niv, Pluv, Vent, Germ, Flor, lands called Zemlya Frantsa

(Communauté françise)

Prair, Mess, Therm, Fruc, en- Iosifa by the Russians

French disease syphilis also

tries) Fred Alan John Sullivan

known as the Italian disease

French Riviera resort areas Fred Astaire F r e d e r i c k

or the Spanish disease as well

as morbus gallicus (Latin—

along the Mediterranean from

Austerlitz Marseilles to Menton, includ-

Gallic disease)—the French

ing Cannes, Monaco, and Frederick Douglass F r e d e r-

disease

Nice ick Augustus Washington

French Equatorial Africa

French Sahara former colo- Bailey

former colonies Benin or Da-

nial areas such as Algeria, Frederick the Great F r e d e r-

homey, Cameroon, the Cen-

French Morocco, Mauritania, ick II of Prussia

tral African Empire, the

and Niger Frederic March F r e d e r i c h

French Congo, Gabon, and

French Shore N ew f o u n d - McIntyre Bickel

Guinea

land’s northern and western Fred Niblo Frederico Nobile

French flu serious artist turning

coasts Freedom Defender U.S. Su-

fey

French Somaliland C ô t e preme Court Justice William

French India former French

Fra n ç a i s e d e s S o m a l i s O Douglas

possessions in India (Chand-

(French Coast of the Soma- Freedom Fighter f o r m e r

ernagore, Pondicherr, etc.)

lis)—now known as Djibouti name of the Northrup Tiger II

French Indo-China f o r m e r

French-speaking Places ( s e e or F-5 tactical fighter plane

name of area comprising An-

nam, Cambodia, Chochin

entries under Francophone)

China, Laos, Tonkin, and

Free and Hanseatic City

French Sudan former name of

Hamburg Mali

Vietnam

Free State Maryland French Switzerland F r e n c h -

French Morocco eastern Mo-

speaking areas of Switzerland Freestone State Connecticut

rocco closest to Algeria and

French Togoland former name Freeway City Los Angeles

the Sahara

of Togo French French bull (small

French paradox disparity be-

French Union France plus its breed of dog); French chalk

tween rich diet and apparent

overseas colonies and depart- (tailor’s talc); French curve

good health among the

ments as well as all its former (drafting instrument); French

French

possessions heel (high curved heel);

French Polynesia A u s t r a l ,

French West Africa f o r m e r French polish (alcohol + shel-

Marquesas, Society and Tuo-

colonies of France: Algeria, lac); French pox (syphilis);

moto islands in the South Pa-

Chad, French Morocco, Mali, French roll (women’s coif-

cific Ocean

Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, fure); French roof (man-

French Ports Dunkerque, Cal-

and Upper Volta sard-style); French seam

ais, Boulogne-sur-Mer; Le

French West Indies Desirade, (completely covered seam);

Treport, Dieppe, Fecamp, Le

Havre, Rouen, Cherbourg,

Guadeloupe, Les Saintes,

French system (spinning sys- Marie Galante, Martinique,

Granville, St Malo, Brest,

tem); French tamarisk (salt Petite Terre, Saint Bartho-

Douarnenez, Aupierne, Port

cedar) lomew (Barthelemy), Saint

Louis, Lorient, Le Palais, Le

French-75 75-millimeter field Martin (French half)

Croisic, Saint Nazaire,

frequent fliers repeat admittees French Aero Pioneers E t i -

Donges, Paimboeuf, Basse-

gun developed by the French

to psychiatric wards enne and Joseph de Montgolf-

Indre, Les Asables Dolonne,

La Pallice, La Rochelle,

Rochefort, Tonnay-Charente,

The Freshest Man on Earth

Arlie Latham (baseball French Antilles French West

ier

L e Ve r d o n , M o r t a g n e ,

Trompeloup, Paulillac, Blaye,

player)

Ambes, Le Marquis, Bor-

Friar Antonio Agapida

Indies French Canada French-speak-

deaux, Arcachon, Boucau,

pseudonym of Washington

Irving ing Canada, mainly the Prov-

Bayonne, Biarritz, Port Ven-

Frida and Diego Frida Kahlo ince of Québec

dres, Port La Nouvelle, Sete,

and Diego Rivera French Caribees c o l o n i a l

Port St Louis du Rho, Port de

Fridjof Nansen Land f o r- name for the French West In-

Bouc, Berre Letang,

merly Franz Josef Land (Arc- dies

Marseille, LaCiotat, Toulon,

tic island group in Queen Vic- French Century the 18th cen-

Cannes, Nice, Villefranche,

toria Sea north of Barents Sea tury—the 1700s

Bastia and Ajaccio (on Cor-

sica), Menton

sector of Arctic Ocean)

Eponyms, Nicknames

Friend of the American Revo-

Fundador de la República

Gambling Capital of the Far

lution Caron de Beaumar-

East Macao, Portuguese chais

(Spanish—Founder of the

Republic)—José Nuñez de

China

Friend of Helpless Children

Cáceres—founder and first

Gambling Capital of the Far

Herbert Clark Hoover—

West Las Vegas, Nevada thirty-first President of the

president of the Dominican

gandi(s) half-naked railroad- United States

Republic (Spanish Haiti)

Fundador de Nueva Granada

track worker(s)

Friendliest Town in the West

Gang of Five (see Group of Geraldton, Western Australia

(Spanish—Founder of New

Five) Friendly Island Molokai, Ha-

Granada)—Francisco de

Gangland Chicago waii; St Maarten, Netherlands

Paula Santander—founder of

Gang of Six Canada plus the Antilles

Colombia (Nueva Granada)

Gang of Five Friendly Islands To n g a I s -

funeral order maritime tradi-

Gannet Westland three-place lands in the South Pacific

tion of older persons standing

early-warning aircraft devel- Friendly Kingdom Tonga Is-

back to give young people

oped in Britain lands

first chance when boarding

garbage land mines scattered Frisian Frisian language spo-

lifeboats or using other life-

by aircraft ken off coasts of Denmark,

s av i n g e q u i p m e n t ( s e e

Garbage Dump California’s Germany, and the Nether-

Birken’ead drill)

San Quentin Prison; Green lands

Fungus Corners ( n ava l a r-

Meadow Correctional Facil- Frog(s) Anglo-American slang

got—Bremerton, Washing-

ity at Comstock, NY for French (people)

ton)—a rainy port

Garbage Man Sly Williams Frontier Fighter D av i d

Fun-Loving Philosopher Mark

(basketball player) (Davy) Crockett

Russell

Garden of the Andes M e n - Frontier Gandhi Abdul Gaffar

Fun and Sun Cities A c u ñ a ,

doza, Argentina Khan

México across the Rio

Garden of the Antilles S t Frontier Hero Daniel Boone

Grande from Del Rio, Texas

Croix, Virgin Islands Frontier States A l a s k a a n d

funny money cash that cannot

Garden of Argentina Tu c u - Hawaii

be spent openly

man Frostbite nickname of Fair-

Furry Lewis Walter Lewis

Garden of Canada Ontario banks, Alaska

Fuss and Feathers G e n e r a l

Garden of the Caribbean Pu- Frosty Beaver Moon f u l l

Winfiield Scott, USA

erto Rico moon in November

The Fuzz [ s l a n g — d e t e c -

Garden City a town planned to Fruit Belt land around Lake

tive(s); law-enforcement of-

include industry while main- Michigan in the United

ficer(s); police]

taining low housing density States, where lake tempers

fuzzies 10-day to 3-week-old

and cultural and recreational climate and fruit ripens at a

rats

amenities; Singapore (also latitude where it usually

Gabon Ports Cocobeach, Li-

called Lion City) would not

breville, Port Gentil, Sette

Garden City of Australia Fruit Bowl of the Nation

Cama, Gamba Oil Terminal

Gabriel Israeli surface-to-sur-

Melbourne Garden City of Georgia A u -

Yakima, Washington

face missile

Fruit from Heaven mango

Gabriela Mistral L u c i l a

gusta

Garden City of India Mysore fuel of the future solar power

Godoy de Alcayaga

Gabriel d’Annunzio Gaetano

Garden City of New Zealand

fugitive dust fine-grained soil

Christchurch that easily blows away

Rapagnetta

Garden of Denmark F y n o r Führer (German—Leader)—

Gabriel Padecopeo L o p e d e

Funen—home of Hans Chris- Hitler’s title

Vega

tian Andersen Full Buck Moon July 3 full

Gaby Gabrielle Dupont

Garden of the East B u r m a moon

gaffer person responsible for

(now Myanmar), Malaysia, fullerenes g e o d e s i c d o m e -

all lighting setups on film

and Sri Lanka shaped carbon molecules

Gagarin Yuri A Gagarin, Rus-

Garden of England Kent and named for American architect

sian cosmonaut and pioneer

Worcester and engineer (Richard) Buck-

of first manned orbital flight

around Earth

Gardener Touched With

Genius Luther Burbank Fulton’s Folly inventor Robert

minster Fuller (1895–1983)

Gail Hamilton Mary Abigail

Garden of France A m b o i s e Fulton’s steamship Clermont

Dodge

and Touraine Fum the Fourth nickname of

Gaillard Cut formerly called

Garden of God ancient ep- George IV

Culebra Cut (in the Panama

Canal)

onym of Lebanon just north

Fun Capital of Scandinavia

of the Holy Land Copenhagen, Denmark

Galen (sometimes Galin) Vas-

Garden of the Gods park near Fun City New York

ily Konstantinovich Blücher

Gambia’s Port Georgetown

Colorado Springs, Colorado

Eponyms, Nicknames

Garden of the Gulf P r i n c e

Gastown waterfront area of

Gateway to Latin America

Edward Island in the Gulf of

Miami, Florida St Lawrence

Vancouver, BC

Gateway to Moroland Z a m - Garden of Ireland Carlow

Gate City Ke o k u k , I owa ;

boanga, Mindinao Garden Island Kauai, Hawaii

Laredo, Texas; St Louis, Mis-

souri

Gateway to Mount Rainier

Garden Isle Kauai, Hawaii

Gate City of the South A t -

Tacoma, Washington

Garden Isle of Micronesia

Gateway to the Negev B e e r- Ponape

lanta, Georgia

sheba, Israel Garden of Italy Sicily

Gatemouth Clarence Brown

Gateway to the North N o r t h Garden of Love Shalimar wa-

Gates of the Arctic n a t i o n a l

Bay, Ontario terside garden on Kashmir’s

park in north-central Alaska

Gates of Hell old nickname

Gateway to Northern Europe

Göteborg (Gothenburg), Swe- Garden of Maine Aroostook

Dal Lake

for the entrance to Marquarie

den County

Harbour on the Indian Ocean

Gateway to the NY-NJ Mar- Garden of the Morning

coast of Tasmania when it

ket Bayonne, New Jersey Breeze Naseern Bagh on

was a penal settlement

Gate of Tears Bab-el-Mandeb

Gateway to Parris Island

Kashmir’s Dal Lake

Strait linking Gulf of Aden

Beaufort, South Carolina

Garden of Paradise in the Sea

and Indian Ocean with the

Gateway to the Rhine Valley

Bonn, Germany Garden Province C a n a d a ’s

Madeira

Red Sea; many sailors call it

Gate of Hell because of its

Gateway to the San Juan

Islands Anacortes, Washing- garden room morgue

Prince Edward Island

desert-heated winds

Gateway to Alaska S e a t t l e ,

ton

Garden of the Southwest

Washington

Gateway to the Smokies

Knoxville, Tennessee Garden of Spain fields of An-

Southern California

Gateway to the Alps Zurich

Gateway to America Ellis Is-

Gateway to South America

Colombia (with ports on the Garden State Kansas; New

dalucía and Valencia

land immigration station,

Atlantic and the Pacific) Jersey

New York; New York City

Gateway Arch City St Louis,

Gateway to Southwest Japan

Kobe Garden of Sweden Blekinge

Garden of the Sun Indonesia

Missouri

Gateway States C a l i f o r n i a , Garden of Switzerland Thur-

Gate to the Arctic Fairbanks,

Louisiana, New Jersey, New gau

Alaska

York Garden of Wales s o u t h e r n

Gateway to the Bahamas

Gateway to the West P i t t s - Glamorganshire

Bimini Island off Miami

burgh, Pennsylvania, and St Garden of the West Califor-

Gateway to the Big Bend

Louis, Missouri nia; Kansas; Illinois

National Park M a r fa ,

Texas

Gateway to Western India

Garden of the World Missis-

Bombay sippi River Valley

Gateway to the Caribbean

Gateway to the Yukon S k a g - Gargantua Franç I of France

Tampa, Florida

way, Alaska (or) Henri d’Albret—King of

Gateway City n i c k n a m e o f

GATF Graphic Arts Technical Navarre

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, af-

Foundation Garlic Capital Gilroy, Califor-

ter the Revolutionary War

Gator Bowl J a c k s o nv i l l e , nia

Gateway to the Dakotas

Florida Garry Moore Thomas Garri-

Sioux Falls, South Dakota

’Gator State Alligator State son Morfit

Gateway of the Day F i j i I s -

(Florida) Gary Cooper Frank J Cooper

lands near the International

Date Line

Gaucho Land Uruguay

Gas House of the Nation

Gautama Buddha Prince Sid- Washington, D.C.

Gateway to the East P o r t

dhartha Gaskin Soviet SA-9 air-de-

Said, Egypt

Gavin Ogilvy James M Barrie fense missile system con-

Gateway to Eastern India

Gay City San Francisco tained in an amphibious ar-

Calcutta

Gateway to the Golden Isles

Gay Gateway to Europe

Copenhagen (Københaun) Gasopolis Los Angeles (on

mored vehicle (NATO)

Brunswick, Georgia

Gay Paree Paris, France smog-filled days); other

Gateway to the Great Seaway

gay(s) homosexual(s) places with similar air pollu-

Green Bay, Wisconsin

Gay White Way N ew Yo r k tion

Gateway to the Gulag M a -

City’s Broadway in the 42nd Gasparilla (Spanish—Little

gadan on the Sea of Okhotsk

Street and Times Square area Gaspar)—nickname of José

Gateway to India Bombay

Gazelle Embracer of Brazil’s Gaspar—pirate active along

Gateway to Israel Haifa

version of the Aerospatiale west coast of Florida around

Gateway to Japan Yokohama

SA-341 observation helicop- 1750

Gateway to Lapland Rovani-

emi, Finland

ter

Eponyms, Nicknames

Gem Beside the Amstel A m -

George London G e o rg e sterdam

Genghiz Khan (Mongolian—

Perfect Warrior)—his empire

Burnstein

Gem of the Caspian Sea

George Orwell Eric Blair Volga River

stretched from the China Sea

George Raft George Ranft Gem of the Mountains Idaho

to the Dnieper and his sub-

jects called him Ruler of the

George Sand Amandine Au-

Gem of the Oregon Coast

rore Lucie Dupin (Baroness Yachats, Oregon

World

Genie Douglas air-to-air rocket

Dudevant)

Gem of the South Pacific

George Santayana Jorge Au- New Zealand

fitted with a nuclear warhead

gustín Nicholás Ruiz de San- Gemsbok Gemsbok National

and designated AIR-2A

tayana Park of Botswana in south-

Genius Ray Charles

Georges Duhamel D e n i s west Africa

Genius of the Renaissance

Thevenin Gem State Idaho

Leonardo da Vinci

George Spelvin John Chap- Gene Autry Orvon Gene Autry

Gentle Jeems P u d G a l v i n

man General Booth S a l va t i o n

(baseball player)

Georges Simenon (pen name— Army founder William Booth

Gentleman Boss Chester Alan

Georges Sim) General Bor Ta d e u s z Ko -

Arthur

George Szell György Széll morowski—cavalry leader of

Gentleman Explorer G i o -

George W George Walker Bush 63-day uprising of Polish un-

vanni da Verrazano

— forty-third president of the derground against Germans

Gentleman Jim prizefighter

United States occupying Warsaw in 1944

James John Corbett

Gentleman Johnny G e n e r a l

Georgia n a m e d f o r K i n g

General Day After Tomorrow

John Burgoyne, also a noted

George II of England

Georgia Peach Ty Cobb (base- Nez Perce nickname for Gen-

British playwright

eral Oliver O Howard, com-

ball player) mander of the Nez Perce

Gentle Peasant-Prince-the lov-

Georgia Ports Savannah, Brun- Campaign of 1877, who usu-

ing Cotter-King R o b e r t

swick, Fernandina Beach ally was a day and a half be-

Burns, according to Robert G

Georgia’s Oldest City Savan- hind them

Ingersoll in his poem The

nah General Douglas pseudonym

Birthplace of Burns

Georgi Vladimov George Vo- of Soviet corps commander

Gentle Rebel of Psychoanaly-

losevich Yakov Smuskevich while

sis Karen Horney

Gerard de Nerval ( p s e u d - leading the Spanish Republi-

Geoffrey Crayon Washington

onym—Gerard Labrunie) can air force in 1936–37

Irving

German German camomile General John nickname of the

Geoffrey Homes Daniel Main-

(tea); German ivy (South Af- first Duke of Marlborough—

waring’s pseudonym

rican ivy); German knot (fig- John Churchill

Geographical Center of North

America Rugby, North Da-

ure-8 knot); German lapis (imitation lapis lazuli), Ger-

General Kleber pseudonym of

man measles (rubella); Ger- Soviet general Grigory Shtern

kota Geordieland Newcastle-on-

man shepherd (police dog); while serving as chief advisor

German silver (copper- to the Spanish Republican

Tyne area of northeastern En-

nickel-zinc alloy resembling General’s Lady Martha Wash-

gland

army in 1936–37

silver) ington—wife of General

Geordies p e o p l e f r o m t h e

coalmining and industrial

area of Newcastle-on-Tyne

German Aeronautical Engi-

George Washington

Geordie(s) Newcastle (per-

neering Genius Willi Mess- erschmitt

General Tom Thumb Charles

German Africa former colo- S Stratton

sons)

nies (Cameroons, German General Tubman Harriet Ross

Georg Brandes Morris Cohen

East Africa, German South- Tubman of Underground

George Arliss A u g u s t u s

west Africa, Togoland) Railroad fame

George Andrews

German Agnostic Immanuel Generation X p e o p l e b o r n

George Bellairs Harold Blun-

Kant from 1965 to 1977 (about 40

dell’s pseudonym

George Bizet Alexandre César

German Cradle of U.S. Presi-

dents Germany—ancestral Generation Y people born from

million people)

Léopold Bizet

home of Presidents Eisen- 1978 to 1988 (about 60 mil-

George Brent George Nolan

hower and Hoover lion people)

George Burns Nathan Birn-

German East Africa colonial Gene Tunney James Joseph

baum

possession of Germany from Tunney (boxer)

George Eliot Mary Ann Evans

1885 to 1916; included most Geneva Cross (see Cross of

Cross

of Tanganyika Geneva)

George Gershwin Jacobi Ger-

shvin

German Hanseatic Seaport

Gene Wilder Jerome Silber-

Cities B r e m e n , D a n z i g , man

George Gissing J S t o r e r

Glouston

Hamburg, Lübeck

Eponyms, Nicknames

German Ocean North Sea

Gilded Age opulent post-Civil

Glubb Pasha J o h n B a g o t

Germanophone Countries

Glubb Austria, Germany, Liechten-

War period in the United

Gnomes of Zurich S w i s s stein, Luxembourg, German-

States

bankers speaking cantons of Switzer-

Gilois French-built scissors

Gobbo il Gobbo (Italian—the land, and places in the United

bridge mounted on a tank and

Hunchback)—15th-century States where German dialects

useful in spanning canals,

architect and sculptor named such as Pennsylvania German

ditches, and small streams

Christoforo Solari (Pennsylvania Dutch) are

Ginger Rogers Virginia Mc-

Math

God of Animals, Crops, Fertil-

spoken

Ginnie Mae Government Na-

ity, Prophecy, and Rural

German Ports Warnemunde,

Life Faunus (Roman); Pan Rostock, Wismar

tional Mortgage Association

(Greek) Germans t h e G e r m a n s

(GNMA)

Gippsland Victoria—Austra-

God of Battle, Inspiration, and

[Former President Nixon’s

Death Odin (Norse) Chief of Staff—HR (Bob)

lia’s best-endowed province

Glacier Bay Alaskan national

God of Blacksmithing and

Haldeman and Domestic Ad-

Forges Hephaistos (Greek); viser John Erlichman]

park

Vulcan (Roman) german silver 5 0 % c o p p e r,

Gladiator P e t e B r ow n i n g

(baseball player)

God of Blame and Ridicule

30% nickel, 20% zinc

Glass Capital of Massachu-

Momus (Roman)

German South-West Africa

setts Boston

God of Bloodshed and War

colonial possession of Ger-

Greek god Ares; Roman god many from 1884 to 1915

Glass Capital of New York

Mars Namibia

Corning

God of Boundaries Terminus German-speaking Places (see

Glass Capital of Ohio Toledo

(Roman) Germanophone Countries)

Glass Capital of Pennsylvania

Pittsburgh

God of the Christians and Jews

Germany Federal Republic of

Jehovah Germany Bundesrepublik

Glass Center Toledo, Ohio

God of Corn and Grain R o - Deutschland

Glass House the glassed-in

Los Angeles County Jail in

bigus (Roman)

Germany’s Largest Port

California

God of Creation and Destruc-

tion Siva (Hindu) Geronimo Goyahkla

Hamburg

Glass Menagerie on the East

River United Nations head-

God of Cunning Dexterity

Gershwin of the Tango A s t o r

Hermes (Greek); Mercury Piazolla

quarters

Gleason score calculation indi-

(Roman)

Gettysburg Battlefield

cating prostate cancer’s level

God of the Dead and the

Painter Henri Emmanuel

Underworld Dis (Roman); Félix Philippoteaux

of aggressiveness

Hades (Greek); Mantus (Etr- Ghana Ports Ta ko r a d i a n d

Glenard’s disease prolapse of

uscan); Pluto (Roman) Tema

one or more internal organs

God of Death Mors (Roman); ghetto blaster portable radio/

Glen Ford Gwyllyn Ford

Thanatos (Greek) tape player

Glengariff ( I r i s h G a e l i c —

Goddess of Agriculture Ceres Ghirlandaio Domenico di To-

rough valley)—Banty Bay

or Vacuna (Roman); Demeter maso Bigordi

Glimmerglass J a m e s F e n i -

(Greek) ghoul trust tax-shelter gift plan

more Cooper’s nickname for

Lake Otsego at Cooperstown,

Goddess of Animals, Crops,

involving third party expected

New York

Fertility, Prophecy, and

Rural Life Bona Dea or to die prematurely

Glimmer Twins r o c k m u s i -

Giacomo Meyerbeer J a ko b

cians Mick Jagger and Keith

Bona Mater or Fauna (Ro-

man) Liebmann Beer

Richards

Glitter Gulch Reno, Nevada

Goddess of Arts, Crafts, and