1

Purification of Laboratory Chemicals, Fifth Edition W.L.F. Armarego, Christina Chai সাল: 2003 ভাষা: english ফাইল: PDF, 23.99 MB

2

The Goodly Word Taqi ad-Din Ahmad Ibn Taymiyya সাল: 2003 ভাষা: arabic ফাইল: PDF, 5.93 MB

DICTIONARY OF
WOMEN WORLDWIDE:
25,000 Women through the Ages
E

DICTIONARY OF
WOMEN WORLDWIDE:
25,000 Women through the Ages
E

Volume 1
A-L

Anne Commire, Editor
Deborah Klezmer, Associate Editor

YORKIN PUBLICATIONS

DICTIONARY OF
WOMEN WORLDWIDE:
25,000 Women through the Ages
E

Volume 2
M-Z

Anne Commire, Editor
Deborah Klezmer, Associate Editor

YORKIN PUBLICATIONS

DICTIONARY OF
WOMEN WORLDWIDE:
25,000 Women through the Ages
E

Volume 3
INDICES

Anne Commire, Editor
Deborah Klezmer, Associate Editor

YORKIN PUBLICATIONS

Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women through the Ages
Yorkin Publications Staff
Anne Commire, Editor
Deborah Klezmer, Associate Editor
Eileen O’Pasek, Editorial Assistant
Chetna Chopra, Jennifer Jue-Steuck, Bronwyn
Law-Viljoen, Catherine Powers, Elizabeth
Renaud, Andy Smith, Mary Staub, Contributors

Editorial Support Services
Emmanuel T. Barrido, Luann Brennan

Product Design
Jennifer Wahi

Rights Acquisitions Management
Jackie Jones, Kim Smilay

Manufacturing
Rita Wimberley

Project Editor
Margaret Mazurkiewicz

Composition
Evi Seoud

Imaging
Lezlie Light, Christine O’Bryan

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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Dictionary of women worldwide : 25,000 women through the ages / Anne Commire, editor ;
Deborah Klezmer, associate editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-7876-7585-7 (set hardcover : alk. paper) –
ISBN 0-7876-7676-4 (vol 1 : alk. paper) –
ISBN 0-7876-7677-2 (vol 2 : alk. paper) –
ISBN 1-4144-1861-2 (vol 3 : alk. paper)
1. Women–Biography–Dictionaries.
I. Commire, Anne. II. Klezmer, Deborah.
CT3202.D53 2006
920.72–dc22

2006008290

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
This title is also available as an e-book
ISBN 0-7876-9394-4
Contact your Thompson Gale sales representative for ordering information.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CONTENTS
E

Volume 1
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Genealogical Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
MAIN ENTRIES A-L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1176
Volume 2
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
MAIN ENTRIES M-Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177-2068
Volume 3
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Era Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2069–2188
Geographic Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2189–2335
Occupational Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2337–2572

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

v

INTRODUCTION
E

The idea for Dictionary of Women Worldwide (DWW) began while we
were editing the 17-volume set of reference books entitled Women in
World History (WIWH). While frequently turning to dictionaries for
help, we were startled by the paucity of women included. In one oft-used
biographical dictionary under 5% were women. Other biographical
dictionaries had the same or less. It soon became clear that as long as
women’s entries had to compete with each other for the small percentage
of pages set aside for them in traditional dictionaries, these sources were
nearly useless to readers looking for a more balanced view of history.
And did those women included in conventional biographical dictionaries get short shrift? Let us approximate the ways. In one recent edition,
Abigail Adams was allotted around 25 words, Rosa Bonheur, Empress
Theodora, Hypatia, Charlotte Corday, Aspasia, Berthe Morisot, Anna
Comnena, between 30 and 40, Mary Cassatt, Dorothea Dix and Anne
Boleyn, around 50, Teresa of Avila, 75, and Rosa Luxemburg, 80. As for
the men: Halsford Mackinder was allotted around 80 words, Charles
Parry, Vincas Kreve and August Kotzebue, over 100, Gebhard Blucher,
over 200, Charles I, over 400, Oliver Cromwell, over 600, and
Napoleon, over 900. Richard Milhous Nixon, well over 400, was a
great deal longer than Indira Gandhi, around 100, Empress Maria
Theresa, around 125, Catherine II the Great, around 150, Queen
Victoria, around 250, and Elizabeth I, 350.
Dictionary of Women Worldwide is a single source for researching
women of any time period and any field of endeavor. It can answer a
question quickly, saving users an afternoon slog on the Internet. Since
the advent of the Web, conventional wisdom would have us believe
that the women in DWW can be found quickly and easily in cyberspace. Would that were true; it would certainly have made our job
easier. To make the most of the Internet, name variations, correct
spellings, dates and personal information are vital. Being multilingual
also helps. As well, the Internet has a kind of now-you-see-it-now-youdon’t quality. Sites that were there yesterday, loaded with information,
vanish like vapor. (Remember those in-depth personal accounts of
athletes for the Sydney Olympics? Gone now.) ‘‘The average lifespan
of a Web page today is 100 days,’’ noted Brewster Kahle of the Internet
Archive in San Francisco in 2003. Our goal was to produce a work that
would allow the user to verify facts, answer ready reference questions,
and begin to research a woman in less time than it takes to log on.
Because of the subject matter, the entries for DWW had to be longer
than those found in a standard dictionary. For women, the personal is
indeed the political. Who the king married is not traditionally
required; who the queen married is. In an entry for Eleanor Dulles,
listing her brother is essential. In an entry for John Foster Dulles,
listing his sister is annoyingly optional. Names of husbands are also
important; these are names that the women often went by in public
and private life (e.g., Mrs. John Drew). More often than not, after
time-consuming sleuthing, we only found a death date for an entrant
after uncovering one or all of her married names. We also came across
numerous duplicate entries in other biographical dictionaries, women
who were listed under two different names, because without personal
information it was impossible to see the duplication.
Realizing the influence that such name variations have had in fracturing women’s historical identities was one of the greatest lessons we

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

learned while editing Women in World History. The genealogical charts
we produced for that work are also included in this volume for reasons
best explained in the following excerpt from the introduction of
WIWH. The excerpt addresses two of the most difficult challenges
involved in an undertaking like Dictionary of Women Worldwide:
sorting out and cross-referencing the myriad names given to historical
women and naming the nameless.
Throughout the ages, fathers and sons have been scrupulously documented in historical records; for mothers and daughters, birth and death
dates are often unknown and approximated. Many cultures do not even
count daughters as children. The king’s daughter was often treated with
the same indifference as the daughter of a tavern owner. But, like certain
Soviet leaders who made an art form of airbrushing discredited colleagues from the photographic record, history has occasionally left in a
hand or an elbow by mistake. We encountered one historic tome that
solemnly noted: ‘‘Ariadne was a 5th-century Byzantine empress and
daughter of the childless Leo I.’’ Leo had no sons. Records of Eliza
Lynch, a major figure in the cultural and political development of
Paraguay, scrupulously list her children with dictator Francisco Solano
López: ‘‘Jan (b. 1855); Enrique (b. 1858); Federico (b. 1860); Carlos (b.
1861); Leopoldo (b. 1862); Miguel (b. 1866); and three daughters,
names unknown.’’
For expediency, historians have eliminated what they perceive to be the
secondary storyline. When a woman is known to exist historically, she
has often been the casualty of streamlining. The secret to good writing
is brevity. ‘‘The Holy Roman emperor Otto I arranged a marriage for
his son Otto II to a Byzantine empress’’ is much more readable than
‘‘Empress Adelaide of Burgundy and Holy Roman emperor Otto I
arranged a marriage for their son Otto II to Theophano, a Byzantine
empress.’’
In the world’s text, women have been relegated to common nouns (the
queen, the princess, the sister of Charles IV, the duchess of Carlisle)
and possessive pronouns (‘‘and his daughter,’’ ‘‘and his mother,’’ ‘‘and
his wife’’). In many accounts that chronicle the early years of the 20th
century, this phrase appears: ‘‘The 1914 assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand and his wife led directly to World War I.’’ (Worse, in
most reports Archduchess Sophie Chotek’s death goes unmentioned;
Franz Ferdinand dies alone.) Michael Collins storms the barricade
during the Easter rising, and Michael Collins is named; Constance
Markievicz and Winifred Carney storm the same barricade, and they
are referred to as ‘‘two women activists.’’ The often-used phrase
‘‘Einstein and his wife’’ (he had two) evokes an image of a disheveled
genius and a drab, faceless woman when, in fact, Mileva EinsteinMarı́c did the computations for his theory of relativity.
We were determined not to leave a mother, wife, duchess or daughter
unturned. Take Ingeborg. Our morning would start simply enough;
then we would read: ‘‘After his marriage at Amiens, on August 14, 1193,
Philip II Augustus, king of France, took a sudden aversion to his 18year-old Danish bride and sought a divorce.’’ Well, there it was.
Obviously, by her marriage to Philip II Augustus, the Danish bride
was a queen of France, but who was she? From one source, we learned
that she was on good terms with the ensuing French kings; from another,
that she lived peacefully, gaining a reputation for kindness. From a third,

vii

INTRODUCTION

that she died highly esteemed but, as in the previous sources, nameless,
either in 1237 or 1238. Within an hour, we had her name: Ingeborg. By
mid-morning, we learned that Ingeborg was the daughter of Waldemar
I the Great, king of Denmark. No mother mentioned. Now we had a
nameless Danish queen, and a barely named French one.
To give complete and accurate information on Ingeborg, we needed her
mother, but while pouring through Palle Lauring’s A History of
Denmark, we read in passing that Philip Augustus ‘‘had threatened to
cast off his first wife.’’ Another ball in the air. Now we had a nameless
Danish queen, one barely named daughter, and an unnamed first wife.
By noon, we had uncovered Isabella, first wife of Philip and daughter of
Baldwin V, count of Hainault. No mother mentioned. Unfortunately,
we had also uncovered a third wife, known only as the mother of Philip
Hurepel. Now we had the aforementioned twosome, a newly named
first wife, and an unknown third. By mid-afternoon, we gleaned that the
mother of Philip Hurepel was named Agnes; she was also the mother of
the nonessential Marie. By late afternoon, we had a headache. The
results of our day’s exploration can be found under the names Agnes
of Meran (d. 1201), Ingeborg (c. 1176-1237/38), Isabella of Hainault
(1170-1190), and Marie of France (1198-c. 1223). As far as we were
able to ascertain, Ingeborg’s mother was either Sophie of Russia or
Richezza of Poland. No one knows for sure. These were not idle chases.
Often the woman off-handedly referred to as the ‘‘queen-regent’’ or
‘‘queen mother’’ turned out to be someone of major import, like
Catherine de Medici or Eleanor of Aquitaine. A towering stack of
books would eventually straighten out these problems, but the quantity
needed will not be found in a small library collection.
The majority of the time, when we did find the woman for whom we
were looking, she didn’t have one name; she had five or six. Unlike most
men whose various names have been sifted down over time to one or
two, Holy Roman Empress Agnes of Poitou strolls through the history
books as Agnes of Aquitaine, Agnes of Guienne, Agnes of Bavaria, or
Agnes of Germany. The dowager empress of China, in her various
transliterations, is known as Cixi or Tz’u-hsi, Tse-Hi, Tsu-Hsi, Tze
Hsi, Tzu Hsi, Tsze Hsi An, Yehonala, Xiaoqin Xian Huanghou, Xi
Taihou, Nala Taihou, Lao Fuoye, or Imperial Concubine Yi. Running
down these names easily added years to the project, but we had no
choice. Otherwise, the same woman would be scattered throughout our
series as Yolande of Brienne on page 29, Jolanta on page 403, and
Isabella II of Jerusalem on page 1602.
Name changes that accompany marriage added to the difficulty.
Women from outside Russia took on Russian names when they
married tsars; one minute they’re Sophia Augusta Frederika, princess
of Anhalt-Zerbst, the next minute they’re Catherine II the Great. East
Germany’s Christa Rothenburger won the Olympic gold medal in
speedskating in 1984. In 1992, she won the silver medal as Christa
Luding. In some books, Alice Guy Blache can be found under B; in
others, Alice Guy-Blache is found under G. Then there’s the longtime
bugbear: Mrs. John D. Rockefeller. Which one? Mrs. John D. the 1st,
the 3rd, or junior? So often, the dreaded, ‘‘the philanthropist, Mrs.
Reid,’’ stopped us cold. Is that Mrs. Ogden Mills Reid or Mrs.
Whitelaw Reid?
We were not alone in our exasperation. ‘‘How are you listing Etta
Palm?,’’ queried one of our French historians about an assignment:
‘‘As Palm, Etta Aelders? Palm Aelders, Etta? or Palm d’Aelders, Etta?
My best sources call her Etta Palm d’Aelders, but I’ll put her under
Palm because she’s more widely known to English audiences as Etta
Palm. Whew! You’d think there would be more uniformity in these
matters.’’
Researching the lives of Roman women in Republican times was also
daunting. Free Roman men had three or four names: the praenomen
or given name, the nomen or family name, and sometimes the cognomen or distinguishing name: thus, Gaius Julius Caesar. The women,

viii

however, were given only one name, the feminine form of the family
name. That is why the daughters of Julius Caesar and his sister are all
named Julia. Only Julia. Historians have taken to qualifiers like Julia
Minor and Julia Major, but it has not solved the problem. Five of the
Julias can be found in Women in World History [and Dictionary of
Women Worldwide], as well as all eight Cleopatras (Cleopatra VII is the
famous one), five Arsinoes, seven sisters Bonaparte, seven Beatrice
d’Estes, numerous Euphrosynes, Eurydices, Eudocias, Theopanos,
Theodoras, Zoes, Faustinas, and Flavias, many Sforzas and Viscontis,
and all 35 women named Medici.
Eventually, we picked up speed. With the material we had accumulated, we could begin to answer our own questions more readily and
find the women more quickly. Out of necessity, we were using Women
in World History as a primary reference source, long before it was
completed.
We were also using our charts. Women are rarely included on existing
genealogies. A Chinese journalist recalled being handed a copy of her
family tree which stretched back 3,000 years. ‘‘Not one woman was
included on the tree,’’ she noted, ‘‘not a mother, a sister, a daughter, a
wife.’’ For expediency, women have been left off charts which, while
following the male line, are difficult enough to read without adding a
cadre of women. When women do appear because of their regal
status, usually only their sons are noted on the ancestral line below.
In one case, a son was included who had died at age six, while his
surviving sister, who had become queen of a neighboring country,
was missing.
Determined to come up with an easy-to-use cast list, we set about
giving one name to each woman on the world stage as she made her
entrances and exits throughout the series. In order to do this, we
needed to make our own charts, settle on a name for the subject, and
add dates if known. Without identifying dates, five Margarets of
Austria all look alike. Thought was given to imposing a rational system
on the names, but problems outweighed the advantages. One commonly used data base made a stab at it by changing all Catherines to
Katherine. Thus, they had Katherine the Great. Whenever possible, we
have tried to use the name by which the subject has been most clearly
identified in historical contexts. In so doing, the inconsistencies arise.
A Spanish historian might call a queen Isabella; an English historian
might call the same queen Elizabeth; a French and German historian,
Elisabeth; a Russian historian, Elizaveta.
If the women were difficult for us to locate without knowing the exact
name used, we knew the task would be even more difficult for our
readers. For this reason, we offer many avenues to find the women
sought: by the charts, by indexing, by cross-referencing of collective
name variants (Rejcka. Variant of Ryksa.), by cross-referencing of name
variations within the entries (Gonzaga, Eleanor [1534-1594]. See
Eleanora of Austria.), and by cross-referencing of titles (Pembroke,
countess of. See Clifford Anne [1590-1676].).
We began to rely so heavily on our genealogical charts—all 85 of them—
that we decided to put them in the front of Volume I [in both WIWH
and DWW], alphabetized by country. If a woman is bolded on the
chart, she appears in her own entry under the name given. Sometimes
her sketch will just be personal data, but as Rutger’s Kay Vandergrift
notes: ‘‘The first step for those who are the ‘others’ in traditional
history is to prove their very existence.’’
We envisioned a series heavily focused on international women, many
of whom were enormously important, even revered in their own
countries, though seldom known in the United States. Most books
in the U.S. cover only American women; by so doing, they isolate
women’s accomplishments to the last 200 years and neglect about
3,000 years of women’s history. An international emphasis, however,
did not prove easy. Since much of the information and many of the
primary sources we needed for our research were not available in

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

INTRODUCTION

English, we asked professors to undertake translations. More than 300
contributors, from over 20 nations, participated in the WIWH project
[and their contributions are reflected in DWW].

been ignored historically, the record is replete with inaccuracies which
have been given widespread circulation. Thus, there will be errors in
these volumes. We welcome suggestions and corrections.

Readers will inevitably find omissions and inequities in length. We
invite suggestions for inclusion in every area from our readers. We have
also spent years checking our facts. Nonetheless, because women have

Anne Commire
Deborah Klezmer

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

ix

GENEALOGICAL CHARTS
E

Designed to show the relation of ancestors to descendants, the following genealogical charts are family trees that begin with the original
rulers on the highest branch. From this extends a lower branch that
shows their children and those whom their children married (when
known). The next branch shows their children’s children and corresponding spouses (when known), and so on.
Charts are grouped alphabetically by country, and headings for each
country are located at the top of every chart. Each chart displays a
House Title, which identifies the name of the ruling house.
The following symbols and abbreviations are used:
indicates the descent of children
indicates marriage, liaison, or other intimate relationship
indicates illegitimate descent of children
m. indicates marriage
(1) indicates first wife or husband
(2) indicates second wife or husband
(3) indicates third wife or husband (etc.)
(illeg.) illegitimate

Women whose names appear in bold on the charts have entries in the
Dictionary of Women Worldwide as well as Women in World History
series.

CHARTS
Belgium
The House of Saxe–Cobury (1831—)
Bulgaria
The House of Saxe–Coburg–Gotha (1887–1946)
Byzantium
Empresses & Emperors of Byzantium
Macedonian Dynasty (867–1056)
The Comneni & Angeli (1057–1204)
The Dynasty of the Ducas (1059–1078)
The Dynasty of the Lascarids (1204–1261)
The Paleologi Family (1260–1453)
Czech Republic
Bohemia: The House of Premyslid (900–1000?)
Bohemia: The House of Premyslid (1198–1378)
Denmark
The Descendants of Waldemar the Great
The Oldenburg Dynasty
The Danish Royal House (1699—)
Scandinavian Rulers (1263–1533) (see Scandinavia)
Egypt
Ptolemaic Dynasty (Greek Epoch)
England
Queens & Kings of Wessex & England (802–1066)
Danish Queens & Kings of England (1013–1066)
The Normans & Angevins
Queens & Kings of Scotland (1040–1390)
The Plantagenets
The House of Tudor (1485–1603)
The Stuarts (1603–1714)

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

The House of Hanover (1714–1837)
The Houses of Saxe–Coburg–Gotha
France
Merovingian Queens and Kings
The House of Pepin (640–814)
The Carolingian Dynasty (768–987)
The House of Capet (987–1328)
The House of Anjou (1266–1435)
The House of Burgundy (1312–1477)
The House of Valois (1328–1515)
The House of Lorraine & Guise (1480–1625)
The Last of the Valois Queens & Kings (1498–1589)
The French Bourbons (1589–1883)
The House of Bourbon–Orleans (1700—)
The House of Bonaparte
Germany
Saxon & Salian Empresses & Emperors
Welf & Hohenstaufen Families
The House of Wittelsbach: Main Line (1180–1508)
The House of Habsburg (1273–1519)
The House of Habsburg (1493–1780)
The House of Hohenzollern (1417–1713)
The House of Hohenzollern (1701–1918)
Cleves–Julich Succession (1609)
The House of Habsburg–Lorraine (1740–1918)
Queens and Kings of Bavaria (1805–1918)
Queens & Kings of Saxony (1806–1918)
Queens & Kings of Wurttemberg (1806–1918)
Greece
Queens & Kings of Greece: Danish Line (1863–1974)
Hungary
The Arpad Dynasty (907–1301)
Rulers of Poland, Hungary, & Lithuania (1205–1492) (see Poland)
Rulers of Poland & Hungary, House of Jagellon & Vasa (1447–1668)
(see Poland)
Italy
The Ladies & Lords of Milan (the Visconti & Sforza families,
1310–1535)
The House of Sforza (Milan)
The House of Savoy (1553–1946)
Austria–Este (The House of Habsburg–Lorraine in Modena)
The House of Este I
The House of Este II
The Gonzagas, Rulers of Mantua (marquisate 1432, dukedom 1530)
The Medici
The Neapolitan Bourbons (1735–1860)
The Tuscan Branch of Habsburg–Lorraine
Japan
Empresses & Emperors of the Imperial House of Japan
Jerusalem
Queens & Kings of Jerusalem (1099–1489)
Lithuania
Rulers of Poland, Hungary, & Lithuania (1205–1492) (see Poland)
Luxemburg
Luxemburg Rulers (1308–1437)
The Netherlands
The House of Orange–Nassau (1558—)
Norway
Scandinavian Rulers (1263–1533) (see Scandinavia)
The Oldenburg Dynasty (see Denmark)
Queens & Kings of Norway (1905—)
Poland
Rulers of Poland, Hungary, & Lithuania (1205–1492)
Rulers of Poland & Hungary, House of Jagellon & Vasa (1447–1668)

xi

GENEALOGICAL CHARTS

Portugal
The Burgundian House (1112–1325)
Queens & Kings of Portugal (1248–1521)
Queens & Kings of Portugal (1495–1640)
The House of Braganza (1640–1853)
The House of Coburg–Braganza (1826–1910)
Roman World
The Julian Line
Flavian Dynasty (69–96 CE)
Family Connections of Plotina–Trajan & Sabina–Hadrian (97–138
CE)
Family Connections of Faustina II & Marcus Aurelius (138–192 CE)
The House of Constantine (293–363 CE)
Rumania
The House of Hohenzollern–Sigmaringen (1866–1947)
Russia
Russian Empresses & Emperors (1462–1762)
Russian Empresses & Emperors (1762–1917)
Scandinavia
Scandinavian Rulers (1263–1533)

xii

Scotland
Queens & Kings of Scotland (1040–1390) (see England)
The House of Stuart (1370–1625)
The Stuarts (1603–1714) (see England)
The Houses of Saxe–Coburg–Gotha (see England)
Serbia
Rulers of Serbia (1804–1945) (see Yugoslavia)
Spain
Spanish Rulers (970–1285)
The House of Castile & Leon (1252–1504)
The House of Aragon (1276–1516)
The Spanish Succession (1700)
The Spanish Bourbons (1700–1833)
Spanish Bourbons (1814—)
Sweden
Scandinavian Rulers (1263–1533)
The House of Vasa (1523–1818)
The House of Bernadotte (1818—)
Yugoslavia
Rulers of Serbia (1804–1945)

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

BELGIUM

T he House of Saxe-Coburg
(1831–)

Francis, duke of
Saxe-Coburg

Leopold I
king of
the Belgians
(r. 1831-1865)

(1) Karoline Bauer
(1807-1877)
(morganatic wife)

Leopold II, king
of the Belgians
(r. 1865-1909)

Leopold
(d. 1869)

Maria Henrietta
of Austria
(1836-1902)

Louise
of Belgium
(1858-1924)

Stephanie
of Belgium
(1864-1945)

m. Philip of
Saxe-CoburgGotha

m. Archduke
Rudolf

(1) Astrid
of Sweden
(1905-1935)

Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf
(1757-1831)

Philip, count
of Flanders
(1837-1905)

Leopold III
king of the
Belgians
(r. 1934-1951)

Marie of
HohenzollernSigmaringen
(1845-1912)

Baudouin
(1869-1891)

Clementine
of Belgium
(1872-1955)

(2) Charlotte Augusta
(1796-1817)
(3) Louise d’Orleans
(1812-1850)

Carlota
empress
(1840-1927)

Henrietta
of Belgium
(1870-1948)

Josephine
of Belgium
(1872-1958)

m. Emmanuel
of Orleans

m. Charles
Anthony II
of HohenzollernSigmaringen

(2) Liliane Baels
(1916-2002)

m. Jean of
Luxemburg

Baudoin I
king of
the Belgians
(r. 1951-1993)

Fabiola
(b. 1928)

Albert II
king of the
Belgians
(r. 1993–)

Philippe
(b. 1960)

Paola
(b. 1937)

Astrid
(b. 1962)

Albert I
king of
the Belgians
(r. 19091934)

Charles Theodore
regent
1945-1950

Alexandre
(b. 1942)
Josephine-Charlotte
of Belgium
(b. 1927)

Maximilian
emperor of Mexico
(d. 1867)

Marie Christine
(b. 1951)
m. Paul Druker

Elizabeth
of Bavaria
(1876-1965)

Marie-Jose
of Belgium
(1906-2001)

Umberto
of Italy

Marie Esmeralda
(b. 1956)

Laurent
(b. 1963)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xiii

BULGARIA

T he House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
(1887–1946)

Augustus
prince of
Coburg

Philip
(1844-1921)

(1) Marie Louise
of Parma
(1870-1899)

Boris III
tsar of Bulgaria
(r. 1918-1943)

Clementine
of Orleans
(1817-1907)

Ferdinand I
of Saxe-Coburg
prince of Bulgaria
(r. 1887-1908)
tsar of Bulgaria
(r. 1908-1918)

Giovanna
Cyril
of Italy
(1895-1945)
(1907-2000)

(2) Eleanora
of Reuss
(1860-1917)

Eudoxia
(1898-1985)

Clotilde of
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
(1846-1927)

Amalie of
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
(1848-1894)

Nadejda
of Bulgaria
(1899-1958)

m. Albert Eugene
of Wurttemberg
Marie Louise
of Bulgaria
(b. 1933)

Simeon II
tsar of Bulgaria
(r. 1943-1946)

Margaret
Gomez-Acebo
(fl. 20th c.)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xv

BYZANTIUM

E mpresses & Emperors of Byzantium
REIGN

EMPRESS OR EMPEROR

306-337
337-361

Constantine I the Great . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fausta (d. 324)
Constantius II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Galla (fl. 320)

SPOUSE

361-363
363-364
364-378
379-395
395-408
408-450

Julian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helena (c. 320-?)
Jovian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charito
Valens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Albia Domnica
Theodosius I the Spaniard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flaccilla (fl. 370-400)
Arcadius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eudocia of Byzantium (r. 400-404)
Theodosius II the Calligrapher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eudocia (c. 400-460)
Pulcheria (c. 398-453) sister of and joint ruler with emperor Theodosius II
Marcian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pulcheria (c. 398-453)
Leo I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Verina (fl. 437-483)
Leo II
Zeno the Isaurian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ariadne (fl. 457-515)
Anastasius I [Anastasios I] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ariadne (fl. 457-515)
Justin I [Flavius Justinus] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lupicinia-Euphemia (d. 523)
Justinian I, the Great . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theodora (c. 500-548)
Justin II [Flavius Justinus] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sophia (c. 525-after 600)
administered affairs of empire jointly with Tiberius II Constantine
Tiberius II Constantine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ino-Anastasia
Maurice Tiberius [Mauritius] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constantina (fl. 582-602)
Phocas I [Phokas I] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leontia (fl. 602-610)
Heraclius I [Herakleios I] of Carthage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabia-Eudocia (fl. 600s)

Eusebia of Macedonia (fl. 300 CE)
Faustina of Antioch

450-457
457-474
474
474-491
491-518
518-527
527-565
565-578
578-582
582-602
602-610
610-641

Martina
Heraclonas-Constantine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gregoria-Anastasia
641
Heraclonas II [Heracleon; Heraklonas] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unmarried
641
641-668
Constantine III [Constans II] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fausta (fl. 600s)
668-685
Constantine IV [Pogonatus] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anastasia (fl. 600s)
685-695 and
Justinian II Rhinotmetos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eudocia (fl. 700s)
705-711
Theodora of the Khazars (fl. 700s)
Leontius II [Leontios] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unknown
695-698
698-705
Tiberius III Apsimar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unknown
711-713
Philippikos Vardan [Philippicus] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unknown
713-715
Anastasius II Artemius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irene (fl. 700s)
Theodosius III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unknown
715-717
717-741
Leo III the Iconoclast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maria (fl. 700s)
Constantine V [Kopronymus] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irene of the Khazars (d. 750?)
741-775
Maria (fl. 700s)
Eudocia (fl. 700s)
Leo IV the Khazar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . Irene of Athens (c. 752-803)
775-780
780-797
Constantine VI [Porphyrogenitus] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maria of Amnia (fl. 782)
Theodote (fl. 795)
780-790
Irene of Athens (c. 752-803) regent and co-emperor
792-797
Irene of Athens (c. 752-803) co-emperor
797-802
Irene of Athens (c. 752-803)
802-811
Nicephorus I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unknown
811
Stauracius [Stavrakios] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theophano of Athens
Michael I Rhangabé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prokopia (fl. 800s)
811-813
813-820
Leo V Gnuni the Armenian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barca-Theodosia
Michael II of Amorion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thecla (fl. 800s)
820-829
Euphrosyne (fl. 800s)
829-842
Theophilos I [Theophilus] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theodora the Blessed (fl. 842-856)
Michael III the Drunkard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eudocia Decapolita (fl. 800s)
842-867
842-866
Bardas
867
Theophilus II
867-886
Basil I the Macedonian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maria of Macedonia
Eudocia Ingerina (fl. 800s)
Leo VI the Wise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Theophano (866-893)
886-912
Zoe Zautzina (c. 870-c. 899)
Eudocia Baiane (d. 902)
Zoe Carbopsina (c. 890-920)
912-913
Alexander [III] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unknown
913-959
Constantine VII Porphyrogenetos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helena Lekapena (c. 920-961)
919-944
Romanus I Lecapenus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theodora (early 900s)
Romanus II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bertha-Eudocia the Frank
959-963
Theophano (c. 940-?)
Nicephoros II Phocas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theophano (c. 940-?)
963-969
John I Tzimisces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theodora (late 900s)
969-976
976-1025
Basil II the Bulgar Slayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unmarried
1025-1028 Constantine VIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helena of Alypia

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Dictionary of Women Worldwide

BYZANTIUM

REIGN

EMPRESS OR EMPEROR

1028-1050
1028-1034
1034-1041
1041-1042
1042-1050
1050-1056
1056-1057
1057-1059
1059-1067
1067
1068-1071
1071-1078
1078-1081
....
1081-1118
1118-1143
1143-1180

Zöe Porphyrogenita (980-1050) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Romanus III Argyrus
Zöe Porphyrogenita (980-1050) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (co-emperor) Romanus III Argyrus
Zöe Porphyrogenita (980-1050) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael IV Paphlagonian

SPOUSE

Michael V Kalaphates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unknown (probably unmarried)
Zöe Porphyrogenita (980-1050) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (co-emperor) Constantine IX Monomachus
Theodora Porphyrogenita (c. 989-1056) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unmarried
Michael VI Bringas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unknown
Isaac I Comnenus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catherine of Bulgaria (fl. 1050)
Constantine X Ducas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eudocia Macrembolitissa (1021-1096)
Eudocia Macrembolitissa (1021-1096)

Romanus IV Diogenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eudocia Macrembolitissa (1021-1096)
Michael VII Ducas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maria of Alania (fl. 1070-1081)
Nicephorus III Botaneiates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Verdenia
Maria of Alania (fl. 1070-1081)

Alexius I Comnenus [Alexios I Komnenos] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irene Ducas (c. 1066-1133)
John II Comnenus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Priska-Irene of Hungary (c. 1085-1133)
Manuel I Comnenus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bertha-Irene of Sulzbach (d. 1161)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Marie of Antioch (fl. 1180-1183)

1180-1183
1183-1185
1185-1195
1195-1203
1203-1204
1203-1204
1204

Alexius II Comnenus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agnes-Anne of France (b. 1171)
Andronicus I Comnenus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agnes-Anne of France (b. 1171)
Isaac II Angelus [Angelos-Comnenus] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Margaret-Mary of Hungary (c. 1177-?)
Alexius III Angelus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Euphrosyne (d. 1203)
Isaac II Angelus [restored]
Alexius IV Angelus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unmarried
Alexius V Ducas Mourtzouphlos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eudocia Angelina (fl. 1204)

In April 1204, when Crusaders and Venetians attacked the imperial palace in Constantinople,
thousands were killed and the emperor, Alexius V, fled. The conquerors crowned a Latin emperor,
Baldwin of Flanders. Shortly after, a young Byzantine noble, Theodore Lascaris, organized a
government-in-exile 40 miles away across the Straits of Nicaea. These Nicaean emperors—Theodore
and his successors—are considered by some to have continued the Byzantine line.
Nicaean emperors
1204-1222

Theodore I Lascaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anna Angelina (d. 1210?)

1222-1254

Philippa of Lesser Armenia
Marie de Courtenay (fl. 1215)
John III Ducas Vatatzes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irene Lascaris (fl. 1222-1235)
Constance-Anna of Hohenstaufen
Theodore II Lascaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helen Asen of Bulgaria (d. 1255?)

1254-1258
1258-1261
1261-1282
1282-1328

John IV Lascaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unmarried
Michael VIII Paleologus [Palaiologos] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theodora Ducas (fl. 1200s)
Andronicus II Paleologus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anna of Hungary (d. around 1284)
Irene of Montferrat (fl. 1300)

1328-1341

Andronicus III Paleologus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irene of Brunswick (fl. 1300s)

1341-1347
1347-1354
1355-1391
1376-1379
1390
1391-1425
1425-1448

John V Paleologus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Helena Cantacuzene (fl. 1340s)
John VI Cantacuzene [Kantakouzenos] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irene Asen
John V Paleologus (restored) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helena Cantacuzene (fl. 1340s)
Andronicus IV Paleologus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maria-Kyratza Asen
John VII Paleologus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eugenia Gattilusi
Manuel II Paleologus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helena Dragas (fl. 1400)
John VIII Paleologus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anna of Moscow (1393-1417)

Anne of Savoy (c. 1320-1353)

1448-1453

Sophie of Montferrat
Maria of Trebizond (d. 1439)
Constantine XI Paleologus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magdalena-Theodora Tocco
Caterina Gattilusi

The Byzantine empire—an empire that had endured for over 1,000 years—ceased to exist on May
29, 1453, when the Turks “scaled the walls.”
Latin emperors (in Constantinople)
1204-1205
1205-1216
1216-1217
1218-1228
1228-1261

Baldwin I of Constantinople . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marie of Champagne (c. 1180-1203)
(also known as Baldwin IX; count of Flanders & Hainault)
Henry
Peter de Courtenay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yolande of Courtenay (d. 1219)
Robert de Courtenay
Baldwin II of Constantinople

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xvii

BYZANTIUM

M acedonian Dynasty
(867–1056)
(1) Maria of
Macedonia

Basil I
Byzantine
emperor
(r. 867-886)

(2) Eudocia Ingerina

Constantine

Romanus I Lecapenus
Byzantine emperor
(r. 919-944)

Christopher

(1) Theophano
(866-897)
(2) Zöe Zautzina
(c. 870-c. 899)
(3) Eudocia Baiane
(d. 902)

Theodora
(early 900s)

Stephen

Constantine

Theophylaktos
patriarch of
Constantinople

Leo VI
Byzantine
emperor
(r. 886-912)

Constantine VII
Byzantine
emperor
(r. 913-959)

Helena Lekapena
(c. 920-961)

Maria
m. Peter
of Bulgaria

Stephen

possibly
Anna
of Byzantium
(fl. 901)

m. Louis III
Holy Roman emperor

Nicephorus II Phocas
Byzantine emperor
(r. 963-969)

Theophano
of Byzantium
(c. 955-991)

m. Otto II
Holy Roman
emperor
(r. 973-983)

Eudocia
(b. 978)

Alexander
Byzantine emperor
(r. 912-913)

(4) Zöe
Carbopsina
(c. 890-920)

(2) Theophano
(c. 940-?)

Basil II
Byzantine
emperor
(r. 976-1025)

Zöe Porphyrogenita
(980-1050)
co-empress
of Byzantium
(r. 1028-1050)

adopted
Michael V
Kalaphates
Byzantine emperor
(r. 1041-1042)

Constantine VIII
Byzantine emperor
(r. 1025-1028)

Romanus II
Byzantine
emperor
(r. 959-963)

(1) Bertha-Eudocia
the Frank

Theodora
(late 900s)

m. John I Tzimisces
Byzantine emperor
(r. 969-976)

Helena of Alypia

Anna of
Byzantium
(963-1011)

m. Vladimir I
grand duke
of Kiev

(1) Romanus III Argyrus
co-emperor of
Byzantium
(r. 1028-1034)
(2) Michael IV
co-emperor of
Byzantium
(r. 1034-1041)
(3) Constantine IX
Monomachus
co-emperor
of Byzantium
(r. 1042-1055)

Theodora
Porphyrogenita
(c. 989-1056)
co-empress
of Byzantium
(r. 1042-1056)

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xviii

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BYZANTIUM

T he Comneni & Angeli
(1057–1204)
Manuel Comnenus

Isaac I Comnenus
emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1057-1059)

John

Isaac

Anna Comnena
(1083-1153/55)

m. Nicephorus
Bryennius

Alexius
(1104-1142)

Andronicus
(1104-1142)

John II Comnenus
emperor of
Byzantium
(r. 1118-1143)

Isaac

Andronicus
m. Irene of Kiev

Priska-Irene
of Hungary
(c. 1085-1133)

Manuel I
emperor of
Byzantium
(r. 1143-1180)

(1) Bertha-Irene
of Sulzbach
(d. 1161)

(1) Alexius II Comnenus
emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1180-1183)

Anna Dalassena
(c. 1025-1105)

Alexius I Comnenus
emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1081-1118)

Isaac

Maria
Comnena

(2) Irene
Ducas
(c. 1066-1133)

Constantine
Angelus

Theodora
Comnena
(fl. 1080s)

Eudocia
Comnena

John

(2) Marie
of Antioch
(d. 1183)

Andronicus

(2) Andronicus I Comnenus
emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1183-1185)

Agnes-Anne
of France
(b. 1171)

m. (1) Philippa of Antioch

possibly
Manuel
Michael I
despot of Epirus
Alexius
emperor of
Trebizond

(2) Boniface
of Montferrat

David

Margaret-Mary
of Hungary
(c. 1177-?)

Demetrius of
Thessalonica

(1) Isaac II Angelus
Alexius III Angelus
Eastern Roman emperor
emperor of
(r. 1185-1195, 1203-1204) Byzantium
(r. 1195-1203)

Irene Angela of Byzantium
(d. 1208)

m. Philip of Swabia
Holy Roman emperor

Alexius Paleologus

Andronicus
Paleologus

Eulogia
Paleologina

(1) Anna
Angelina
(d. 1210?)

Irene

Theodora Paleologina
(fl. 1200s)

Michael VIII
Paleologus
emperor of
Nicaea

Irene Lascaris
(fl. 1222-1235)

Theodore I
Lascaris
emperor of
Nicaea
(r. 1204-1222)

Manuel
Theodore
of Thessalonica

Euphrosyne
(d. 1203)

Alexius IV Angelus
emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1203-1204)

(1) Stephen
(2) Philippa of
of Serbia
Lesser Armenia
(3) Marie de Courtenay
(fl. 1215)

Eudocia
Angelina

Alexius V Ducas
emperor of Nicaea
(r. 1204)

Maria Lascaris
(fl. 1234-1242)

Theodora Ducas
(fl. 1200s)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xix

BYZANTIUM

T he Dynasty of the Ducas
(1059–1078)
N.N. Ducas

(2) Romanus IV Diogenes
emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1068-1071)

Eudocia Macrembolitissa
(1021-1096)

(1) Constantine X Ducas
emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1059-1067)

John (Caesar) Ducas

Marie of Bulgaria

Anna Dalassena
(c. 1025-1105)

John Comnenus

Alexius I Comnenus
emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1081-1118)

(2) Nicephorus III
Botaneiates
emperor of
Byzantium
(r. 1078-1081)

Maria of Alania
(fl. 1070-1081)

(1) Michael VII Ducas
emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1071-1078)

Zoe Ducas

Theodora Ducas

Andronicus

Andronicus Ducas

(2) Irene Ducas
(c. 1066-1133)

Constantine

Constantine

Anna Comnena
(1083-1153/55)

m. Nicephorus Bryennius
(1081-1138)

Andronicus
(d. 1129)

Theodora Comnena
(fl. 1080s)

Maria Comnena

Eudocia Comnena John II Comnenus

emperor of Byzantium
(r. 1118-1143)
m. Priska-Irene of Hungary
(c. 1085-1133)

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Dictionary of Women Worldwide

BYZANTIUM

T he Dynasty of the Lascarids
(1204–1261)

Theodore I Lascaris
Nicaean emperor
(r. 1204-1222)

(1) Anna Angelina
(d. 1210?)

Marie Lascaris
(fl. 1234-1242)

(1) Irene Lascaris
(fl. 1222-1225)

m. Bela IV
of Hungary
Helen Asen
of Bulgaria

(2) Philippa
of Lesser Armenia
(3) Marie de Courtenay
(fl. 1215)

John III Ducas Vatatzes
Nicaean emperor
(r. 1222-1254)

Theodore II Lascaris
Nicaean emperor
(r. 1254-1258)

(2) Constance-Anna
of Hohenstaufen

Basil Vatatzes

Isaac Ducas
Irene Lascaris
(d. around 1270)

m. Constantine Tich

Maria

Nicephorus I
of Epirus

John IV Lascaris
Nicaean emperor
(r. 1258-1261)

John

Theodora Ducas

m. Michael VIII
Paleologus

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Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xxi

BYZANTIUM

T he Paleologi Fa mily
(1260–1453)
Andronicus Paleologus

Theodora Paleologina

Michael VIII
emperor
of Nicaea
(r. 1261-1282)
illeg.

Theodora Ducas
(fl. 1200s)

Euphrosyne

m. Nogaj

Ivan Asen III
tsar of Bulgaria

Andronicus

Irene
Paleologina
(fl. 1279-1280)

(1) Anna
of Hungary
(d. around
1284)

Maria Asen
m. Roger de Flor

Andronicus II
emperor of
Nicaea
(r. 1282-1328)

(2) Irene of
Montferrat

Constantine

m. John of
Trebizond

Theodore Demetrius
John
m. Irene
(daughter of
N. Chumnus)

Michael IX
emperor
of Nicaea
(r. 1295-1320)

Maria of Armenia

Eudocia

Simonis
m. Milutin

Irene
m. John II
of Thessaly

Constantine

Irene Asen

m. John VI
Cantacuzene
emperor of Nicaea

Mathew

Manuel

(1) Irene
of Brunswick

Maria Cantacuzene

m. Nicephorus II
of Epirus

Helena
Theodora
Cantacuzene Cantacuzene
m. Orchan

Maria-Kyratza Asen

daughter of Ivan
Alexander

Eugenia Gattilusi

xxii

Andronicus III
(1328-1341)

Andronicus IV
emperor of
Nicaea
(r. 1376-1379)

John VII
emperor of Nicaea
(r. 1390)

(2) Anne of Savoy
(c. 1320-1353)

Manuel

Michael
John V
(d. 1391)

Maria
m. Francesco
Gattilusio

Manuel II
emperor of Nicaea
(r. 1391-1425)
m. Helena Dragas

John VIII
emperor
of Nicaea
(r. 1425-1448)

Theodore I
despot of the Morea
m. Bartolomea
(daughter of
Nerio I Acciajuoli)

(1) Anna of Moscow
(1393-1417)
(2) Sophie of Montferrat
(3) Maria of Trebizond
(d. 1439)

Theodore II

Andronicus

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

BYZANTIUM

John

Constantine

Maria Paleologina
m. Nicephorus
Tarchaneiotes

Eulogia Paleologina

John I of
Thessaly

Andronicus

daughter

Anna PaleologinaCantacuzene
(fl. 1270-1313)

Maria Paleologina
(fl. 1278-1279)
tsarina of Bulgaria

m. Nicephorus I
of Epirus

Theodora
Paleologina

(1) Theodore Svetoslav
(2) Michael Sisman

Anna

(1) Thomas of Epirus
(2) Nicholas Orsini

(2) Constantine Tich
tsar of Bulgaria
(3) Ivajlo
tsar of Bulgaria

Tamara
(fl. 1300s)

m. Philip
of Tarento

Demetrius

Constantine XI
emperor of
Nicaea
(r. 1448-1453)

(1) MagdalenaTheodora Tocco
(2) Caterina Gattilusi

Thomas

Catherine
of Achaea
(d. 1465)

Sophia of Byzantium
(1448-1503)

m. Ivan III
tsar of Russia

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xxiii

CZECH REPUBLIC

B ohemia: The House of Premyslid
(900–1000?)

Ludmila
(859-920)

Drahomira
(d. after 932)

Pribyslava

(1) possibly
Elfgifu
(c. 914-?)

Jaromir

Vratislav I
(887-920)

Wenceslas
(c. 907-929)

Boleslav II

Borojov
count of Bohemia
(r. 871-894)

Spytihnev
(d. 915)

Boleslav I the Cruel
duke of Bohemia

(2) Hemma
of Bohemia
(c. 930-c. 1005)

Dobravy
of Bohemia
(d. 977)

Gunhilda
of Poland

(3) Emnilde
(4) Oda

Mieszko I
(d. 992)
prince of the
Polanians

Boleslav III
Boleslav
Chrobry
king of Poland
(r. 992-1025)

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xxiv

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

CZECH REPUBLIC

B ohemia: The House of Premyslid
(1198–1378)

(1) Adela
of Meissen

Cunigunde of
Hohenstaufen

(1) Margaret
of Babenberg

Rudolf II
(d. 1290)
son of Holy
Roman
emperor
Rudolf I

Agnes of
Bohemia
(1269-1297)

Cunigunde
of Bohemia
(d. 1321)

Wenceslas III
king of Bohemia
(r. 1305-1306)

Ottokar I
king of
Bohemia
(r. 1198-1230)

(2) Constance of
Hungary (d. 1240)

Wenceslas I
king of Bohemia
(r. 1230-1253)

Agnes
of Bohemia
(1205-1282)

Ottokar II
king of
Bohemia
(r. 1253-1278)

Wenceslas II
king of Bohemia
(r. 1278-1305)

(3) Elizabeth
of Poland
(fl. 1298-1305)

Anna of
Bohemia

(2) Cunigunde
of Hungary
(d. 1285)

Henry of Carinthia
king of Bohemia
(r. 1306-1310)

(1) Judith
(1271-1297)

dau. of Holy
Roman emperor
Rudolf I

Elizabeth of
Bohemia
(1292-1339)

(2) Ryksa
of Poland
(d. 1335)

John of Bohemia
king of Bohemia
(r. 1310-1346)

John “Parricida”
Margaret Maultasch
(1318-1369)

John Henry Bona of Bohemia
(1315-1349)
margrave
of Moravia
(d. 1375)

Wenceslas
duke of
Luxemburg
& Brabant

Charles IV
Holy Roman emperor
(r. 1347-1378)
m. (1) Blanche of Valois
(c. 1316-?)
(2) Anna of the Palatinate
(3) Anna of Schweidnitz
(c. 1340-?)
(4) Elizabeth of Pomerania
(1347-1393)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xxv

DENMARK

T he Descendants of Wa ldemar the Great
Waldemar I the Great
king of Denmark
(r. 1157-1182)

Waldemar II
the Victorious
king of Denmark
(r. 1202-1241)

(2) Berengaria
Canute VI
(1194-1221)
king of
Denmark
(r. 1182-1202)

(1) Sophie of Russia
(c. 1140-1198)

(1) Dagmar
of Bohemia
(d. 1212)

Richizza
of Denmark
(d. 1220)

m. Eric X
king of
Sweden

Waldemar the Younger
king of Denmark
(r. 1215-1231)

Ingeborg
(c. 1176-1237/38)

m. Philip II
Augustus
king of France

Helen
of Denmark
(d. 1233)

m. William
duke of
BrunswickLuneburg

m. Leonor of Portugal
(1211-1231)

Eric IV
Ploughpenny
king of
Denmark
(r. 1241-1250)
m. Jutta
of Saxony

Abel, king
of Denmark
(r. 1250-1252)

Mechtild
of Holstein
(d. 1288)

Sophia
of Denmark
(1217-1248)

Erik

Erik V Clipping
king of Denmark
(r. 1259-1286)

Waldemar
Richeza
Eriksdottir

Erik

Helvig
of Denmark
(fl. 1350s)

Christopher I
king of Denmark
(r. 1252-1259)

Waldemar III
king of Denmark
(r. 1326-1330)

m. Waldemar IV
Atterdag
king of Denmark
(r. 1340-1375)

Niels
of Werle

Heinrich

Agnes of
Brandenburg
(d. 1304)

Matilda

Margaret

Martha
of Denmark
(c. 1272-1341)

Erik VI Menved
king of Denmark
(r. 1286-1319)

m. Berger
king of Sweden

m. Ingeborg
(d. 1319)

Gerhard

Sophie

Margaret
of Pomerania
(d. 1282)

Christopher II
king of Denmark
(r. 1319-1326;
1330-1332)

Waldemar IV
Atterdag
king of Denmark
(r. 1340-1375)

Helvig of Denmark
(fl. 1350s)

(sister of
Waldemar III)

Euphemia
of Pomerania
(d. 1330)

Margaret
Christofsdottir
(c. 1305-1340)

Eric
king of
Denmark

Gerhard
Henry of
Mecklenburg
Didrik of
Oldenburg
Dorothea of
Brandenburg
(1430-1495)

Ingeborg
(1347-1370)

Hedvig

Christian I
king of
Denmark,
Norway
& Sweden
(r. 1448-1481)

Marie of
Mecklenburg
(fl. 1380)

Haakon VI
king of
Norway

Vratislas
of Pomerania

Margaret I
of Denmark
(1353-1412)
queen of Denmark,
Norway & Sweden
(r. 1387-1412)

Olaf V
king of Denmark
(r. 1375-1387)

Catherine
Erik VII of
John of
of Pomerania
Pomerania
Bavaria
(d. 1426)
king of Denmark,
Norway & Sweden
Dorothea of
Christopher III
(r. 1396-1439)
Brandenburg
of Bavaria
m. Philippa
(1430-1495)
king of Denmark,
(1394-1430)
Norway & Sweden
(r. 1439-1448)

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xxvi

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

DENMARK

T he Oldenburg Dynasty
Christian I, king of Denmark,
Norway & Sweden
(r. 1448-1481)

James III
king of
Scotland

Margaret
of Denmark
(1456-1486)

Hans or John I
king of Denmark,
Norway & Sweden
(r. 1481-1513)

Dorothea
of Brandenburg
(1430-1495)

Frederick I
king of Denmark
& Norway
(r. 1523-1533)

Christina
of Saxony
(1461-1521)

(1) Anna of Brandenburg (1487-1514)
(2) Sophia of Pomerania (1498-1568)

House of Stuart
Elizabeth
of Denmark
(1485-1555)

Christian II, king of
Denmark & Norway
(r. 1513-1523)

Dorothea
of Denmark
(1528-1575)

Elisabeth
of Habsburg
(1501-1526)

Elizabeth
of Denmark
(1524-1586)

Adolf

Christine
of Hesse
(1543-1604)

dukes of
Holstein-Gottorp
Dorothea
of Denmark
(1520-1580)

Christina
of Denmark
(1521-1590)

m. Frederick II
elector of the
Palatinate

m. (1) Francesco
Sforza
(2) Francis I
of Lorraine

Christian III, king of
Denmark & Norway
(r. 1534-1559)

Dorothea of
Saxe-Lauenburg
(1511-1571)

Anna of
Denmark
(1532-1585)

Hans

Dorothy
of Denmark
(1546-1617)

Hans

Dorothea Oldenburg
(1504-1547)

m. Albert, duke of Prussia

Magnus

Frederick II, king of
Denmark & Norway
(r. 1559-1588)

Sophia of
Mecklenburg
(1557-1631)

Glucksborg line

Elizabeth
of Denmark
(1573-1626)

Amelia
of Denmark
(1580-1639)

Anne
of Denmark
(1574-1619)

Hedwig
of Denmark
(1581-1641)

Christian IV
king of Denmark
& Norway
(r. 1588-1648)

(2) Kirsten
Munk
(1598-1658)

m. James I
king of England

Leonora
Christina Ulfeldt
(1621-1698)

Ulrica Eleanora
of Denmark
(1656-1693)

Ulrik Frederik
Gyldenlove

m. Charles XI
king of England

Jorgen (George)
m. Anne
(1665-1714)
(later queen
of England)

Anna Sophia
of Denmark
(1647-1717)

m. John George III
of Saxony

(1) Anna Catherina
of Brandenburg
(1575-1612)

Frederick III, king of
Denmark & Norway
(r. 1648-1670)

Frederica Amalie
(1649-1704)

Wilhelmine
(1650-1706)

m. Christian Albert
Holstein-Gottorp

m. Charles of
the Palatinate

Sophie Amalie
of Brunswick-Luneburg
(1628-1685)

Christian V
king of Denmark
& Norway
(r. 1670-1699)

Frederick IV
king of Denmark
& Norway
(r. 1699-1730)

(1) Louise of MecklenburgGustrow (1667-1721)
(2) Elizabeth Helene Vieregg
(3) Anne Sofie Reventlow
(1693-1743)
Charlotte Amalie
(1706-1782)

Charlotte Amalia
of Hesse
(1650-1714)

Sophie Hedwig
(1677-1735)

Christian VI, king
of Denmark & Norway
(r. 1730-1746)
m. Sophia of Bayreuth
(1700-1770)

Louise of
Saxe-Hilburghausen
(1726-1756)

(1) Louise
of England
(1724-1751)

(2) Maria Juliana of
Frederick V, king of
Brunswick (1729-1796)
Denmark & Norway
(r. 1746-1766)
Sophia of Mecklenburg
Frederick
(1758-1794)

Caroline Matilda
(1751-1775)

Louise
Augusta
(1771-1843)

Christian VII, king of
Denmark & Norway
(r. 1766-1808)

Frederick VI
king of Denmark
(r. 1808-1839)

Caroline
(1793-1881)

Louise of Denmark Sophia of Denmark
(1746-1813)
(1750-1831)

Wilhelmine
(1747-1820)

Christian VIII, king of Denmark
(r. 1839-1848)

Marie Sophie
of Hesse-Cassel
(1767-1852)

(1) Wilhelmine
(1808-1891)

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

Frederick VII
king of Denmark
(r. 1848-1863)

(2) Caroline of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(1821-1876)

Charlotte
Juliane
(1788-1850) Oldenburg

m. (1) Charlotte Frederica
of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
(1784-1840)
(2) Caroline Amelia of Augustenburg
(1796-1881)

(1789-1864)

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xxvii

DENMARK

T he Danish Roya l House
(1699–)
Frederick IV, king of
Denmark & Norway
(r. 1699-1730)

Sophia of Bayreuth
(1700-1770)

Louise of SaxeHilburghausen
(1726-1756)

Christian VII
king of
Denmark
& Norway
(r. 1766-1808)

Sophia of
Denmark
(1746-1813)

m. Gustavus III
king of Sweden

Christian VI
king of Denmark
& Norway
(r. 1730-1746)

m. William
of Hesse-Cassel

Caroline
(1793-1881)

Frederick VIII
king of Denmark
(r. 1906-1912)

Christian X
king of
Denmark
(r. 1912-1947)

Ingrid of
Sweden
(1910-2000)

Frederick IX
king of
Denmark
(r. 1947-1972)

Margrethe II
(b. 1940)
queen of Denmark
(r. 1972-)

Wilhelmine
(1808-1891)

Alexandra
of Denmark
(1844-1925)

m. Henri, count
de Montpezat

Constantinovna
(1851-1926)

m. Alexander III
of Russia

m. Caroline
Matilda of Denmark
(1912-1995)

Louise
Caroline
(1875-1906)

Marie Feodorovna
(1847-1928)

Thyra of
Denmark
(1880-1945)

(1) Charlotte
Frederica of
MecklenburgSchwerin
(1784-1840)
(2) Caroline
Amelia of
Augustenburg
(1796-1881)

Frederick VII
king of Denmark
(r. 1848-1863)

Louise of
Hesse-Cassel
(1817-1898)

Dagmar
also known as

Knud

m. Richard
prince of SaynWittgenstein

Christian IX
king of
Denmark
(r. 1863-1906)

George I
king of
the Hellenes
m. Olga

Alexandrina of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
(1879-1952)

Benedikte
(b. 1944)

Christian VIII
king of Denmark
(r. 1839-1848)

m. Frederick
William of
Schleswig-Holstein

m. Edward VII
king of England

Ingeborg
of Denmark
(1878-1958)

Juliane
(1780-1850)

m. William of
Hesse-Cassel

Louise of
Hesse-Cassel
(1789-1867)

m. Frederick VII
king of Denmark
(r. 1848-1863)

Louise of
Sweden
(1851-1926)

Sophia of
Mecklenburg
(1758-1794)

m. Charles of
Hesse-Cassel
Charlotte
Oldenburg
(1789-1864)

Marie Sophie of
Hesse-Cassel
(1767-1852)

(2) Maria Juliana
of Brunswick
(1729-1796)

Frederick
(d. 1805)

Louise of
Denmark
(1750-1831)

Louise Augusta
(1771-1843)

Frederick VI
king of
Denmark
(r. 1808-1839)

Charlotte Amalie
(1706-1782)

Frederick V
king of
Denmark
& Norway
(r. 1746-1766)

(1) Louise
of England
(1724-1751)

Wilhelmine
(1747-1820)

Caroline
Matilda
(1751-1775)

Louise of Mecklenburg-Gustrow
(1667-1721)

m. (1) Wilhelmine
(1808-1891)
(2) Caroline of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(1821-1876)

Thyra
Oldenburg
(1853-1933)

m. Ernest
Augustus
of Cumberland

Dagmar
Louise
Elizabeth
(1890-1961)

Charles
king of
Norway as
Haakon VII
(r. 19051957)

Maud
(1869-1938)

Harald
(b. 1876)
m. Helen of
Schleswig-Holstein
(1888-1962)

Olav V
(1903-1991)
king of Norway

Anne-Marie
Oldenburg
(b. 1946)

m. Constantine II
king of Greece

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xxviii

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

EGYPT

P tolemaic Dynasty
(Greek E poch)
(3) Eurydice
(fl. 321 BCE)
queen of Egypt

Ptolemy I, king
of Egypt
(r. 305-285 BCE)

(2) Berenice I
(c. 345-275 BCE)
queen of Egypt

Ptolemy II, king
of Egypt
(r. 285-247 BCE)
Ptolemy III, king
of Egypt
(r. 246-222 BCE)

Arsinoe III
(fl. c. 250210/05 BCE)
queen of
Egypt

Berenice II of Cyrene
(c. 273-221 BCE)
queen of Egypt

Ptolemy IV
king of Egypt
(r. 221-205 BCE)

Ptolemy V
king of Egypt
(r. 205-181 BCE)

(1) Ptolemy VI
king of Egypt
(r. 180-145 BCE)

Arsinoe II Philadelphus
(316-270 BCE)
queen of Egypt

Cleopatra I
(c. 210-176 BCE)
queen of Egypt

Cleopatra II
(c. 183-116 BCE)
queen of Egypt

(2) Ptolemy VIII
king of Egypt
(r. 145-116 BCE)

Ptolemy
Memphites

Ptolemy Eupator

Cleopatra Thea
(c. 165-121 BCE)

m. Alexander Balas
m. Demetrius II
Seleucid king

mistress

Ptolemy IX
king of Egypt
(r. 116107 BCE)

Cleopatra V Tryphaena
(c. 95-c. 57 BCE)
queen of Egypt

m. Ptolemy XII
king of Egypt
(r. 80-51 BCE)

Ptolemy XIII
king of Egypt
(r. 51-47 BCE)

Ptolemy XIV
king of Egypt
(r. 47-44 BCE)

Cleopatra III (Euergetis)
(c. 155-101 BCE)
queen of Egypt

m. Ptolemy VIII
(r. 145-116 BCE)

Cleopatra IV
(c. 135-112 BCE)
queen
of Egypt

Cleopatra Selene
(c. 130-69 BCE)
queen of Egypt

Cleopatra Berenice III
(c. 115-80 BCE)

Arsinoe IV
(d. 41 BCE)

Cleopatra VII
(69-30 BCE)
queen of Egypt
(r. 51-30 BCE)

m. brother
Ptolemy XIII
& brother
Ptolemy XIV

Egypt became a Roman province
from 30 BCE to 640 CE

Ptolemy X
king of Egypt
(r. 107-88 BCE)
& mistress

Cleopatra
Berenice III
(c. 115-80 BCE)
queen of Egypt

Cleopatra
Tryphaena
(d. after 112 BCE)

m. Antiochus VIII
also m. her father Seleucid king
Ptolemy IX
& Ptolemy XI

Ptolemy XI
king of Egypt
(r. 80 BCE)

(daughter of Ptolemy IX &
either Cleopatra IV or
Cleopatra Selene)

Berenice IV
queen of Egypt
(d. 55 BCE)

Ptolemy VII Neos
Philopator
king of Egypt
(r. 145 BCE)

Julius Caesar

Marc Antony

Cleopatra V Selene
(b. around 40 BCE)

Ptolemy XV (Caesarion)
king of Egypt
(r. 44-30 BCE)
Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xxix

ENGLAND

Q ueens & Kings of Wessex & England
(802-1066)
Egbert
(r. 802-839)

Ethelstan

Ethelbald
(r. 855-860)

Ethelred I
(r. 865-871)

m. Ethelred
ealdorman
of Mercia

Ecgwynn
(mistress,
died c. 901)

Ethelstan
king of England
(r. 924-939)

(1) Charles III
the Simple
king of France

illeg.

m. Wulfthryth
(fl. 860s)

Ethelflaed
(869-918)

Ethelwulf
(r. 839-858)

(1) Osburga
(?-c. 855)

Ethelbert
(r. 860-865)

Judith Martel
(c. 844-?)

Redburga

(2) Judith Martel
(c. 844-?)

Alfred the Great
king of England
(r. 871-899)

Edward I
the Elder
king of
England
(r. 899-924)

(2) Edgifu
(d. 968)

m. Sihtric, king of York

(2) Herbert
of Vermandois
count of
Meaux

Elflaed
(c. 905-c. 963)
(nun at
Winchester)

(1) Elfgifu
(d. 944)

Edmund I, king
of England
(r. 939-946)

Edflaed
(c. 900-?)

Ethelflaeda
(nun at
Romsey)

m. Gerberga
of Saxony
(c. 910-969)

Edgar, king
of England
(r. 959-975)

(1) Ethelflaed
(d. 962)

m. Ealdgyth
(fl. 1016)

Edith
(fl. 1009)

Elfgifu
(c. 997-?)

m. Edric
Streona

m. Uchtred
earl of
Northumberland

Christina
(fl. 1086)

Malcolm III
king of Scots

Edhild
(d. 946)

Edgitha
(c. 912-946)

Elfgifu
(c. 914-?)

m. Hugh
the Great
duke of
the Franks

m. Otto I
the Great
Holy Roman
emperor

m. possibly
Conrad
king of
Burgundy

Eadred
king of
England
(r. 946-955)

Ethelred II
the Unready
king of
England
(r. 979-1016)

Richard I
duke of
Normandy
(d. 996)

(2) Emma of
Normandy
(c. 985-1052)

Maud of
Normandy
(d. 1017)

Alfred
(d. 1037)
Godwin
earl of
Wessex

Gytha
(fl. 1022-1042)

Harold II
Godwineson
king of England
(r. 1066)

Edburga
(d. 960)

m. Louis II, prince
of Aquitaine

Edith
(c. 961-984)

m. Ulfcytel

St. Margaret
(c. 1046-1093)

Edgifu
(c. 917-?)

(3) Wulfthryth
mistress
(c. 945-1000)

Wulfhild

Agatha of Hungary
(c. 1025-?)

Edgar
the Atheling
king of England
(r. 1066)

xxx

(2) Elfthrith
(c. 945-1002)

Edward II the Martyr
king of England
(r. 975-978)

(1) Elfgifu
(c. 963-1002)

Edward
the Atheling

(2) Ethelflaed
(d. after 975)

illeg.

daughter
(name unknown)
m. Baldwin
count of Hesdin

Edmund II Ironside
king of England
(r. 1016)

Elfthrith
(d. 929)

m. Baldwin II
count of Flanders

Louis IV
king of France

m. Elfgifu
(d. 959)

Ethelgeofu
(died c. 896)

Edith
(d. 937)

Edgifu
(902-951)

Eadwig
king of England
(r. 955-959)

Ethelswyth
(c. 843-889)

Elswitha
(d. 902)

(1) Elflaed
(d. 920)

Edith
(d. 871)

Edith
(c. 10251075)

Hawise of
Normandy
(d. 1034)

Godgifu
(fl. 1010-1049)

(2) Gunnor
of Denmark
(d. 1031)

Richard II
duke of Normandy
(d. 1027)
m. (1) Judith of Rennes
(c. 982-1018)
(2) Papia of Envermeu

m. (1) Drew
count of Mantes
(2) Eustace II
count of Boulogne

Edward III
the Confessor
king of England
(r. 1042-1066)

m. Edith (fl. 1063)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

ENGLAND

D anish Queens & Kings of England
(1013–1066)
Harold Bluetooth
king of Denmark
(r. 940-985)

(1) Gunhilda
of Poland
(d. around
1015)

Sweyn Forkbeard
king of Denmark
(r. 985-1014)
king of England

(2) Sigrid
the Haughty

Gyrid

Gunhilda
of Denmark
(d. 1002)

Thyra of
Denmark
(d. 1000)

(1) Styrbjorn
son of Olaf
of Sweden

(2) Olav I
king of Norway

Thorgils Sprakalegg

Estrith
(fl. 10171032)

Ulf
(d. 1027)

(2) Gytha
(fl. 10221042)

Svend II
king of Denmark
(r. 1047-1074)

(1) Elfgifu of
Northampton
(c. 1000-1044)

Canute the Great
king of England
(r. 1016-1035)
king of Denmark
(r. 1019-1035)
king of Norway
(r. 1028-1035)

Gunhild
(c. 1020-1038)

m. Henry III
king of Germany

Sveyn
king of Norway
(r. 1030-1035)

Harold I Harefoot
king of England
(r. 1036-1039)

(2) Emma
of Normandy
(c. 985-1052)

Edward III
the Confessor
king of England
(r. 1042-1066)
Thyra
(d. 1018)

m. Godwin
earl of Wessex
(d. 1053)

Edith
(c. 1025-1075)

Godwin
earl of Wessex
(d. 1053)

(1) Thyra
(d. 1018)

Harold II Godwineson
king of England
(r. 1066)
(betrothed to Agatha,
daughter of
Matilda of Flanders)
m. Edith
(fl. 1063)

Harthacnut
(Hardicanute)
king of Denmark
(r. 1039-1042)
king of England
(r. 1040-1042)
Elgiva

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xxxi

ENGLAND

T he Normans & Angevins

Adelicia
(1029-1090)

Richard
(c. 10541075)

Cecilia
(c. 10591126)

m. Sybil of
Conversano
(d. 1103)

(1)
William
Atheling
(d. 1120)
m. Matilda
of Anjou
(1107-1154)

m. Odo I

m. Geoffrey I

Arlette
(fl. c. 1010)

(illeg.)

Sybilla
(d. 1122)

Richard
(d. 1120)

Robert
count of
Mortain

(2) Herluin
viscount of
Counteville

Mauger

Nicholas

Eleanor
of Normandy

m. Baldwin IV

Odo
bishop of Bayeux
earl of Kent
(d. 1097)

William I
the Conqueror
(c. 1025-1087)
king of England

Constance
William II
(c. 1066-1090)
Rufus
(1057-1100)
king of England

(4)

m. Alexander I
king of Scotland

Hawise of
Normandy
(d. 1034)

(1) Robert the Devil
duke of Normandy
(d. 1035)

Matilda of
Flanders
(c. 1031-1083)

Robert
archbishop
of Rouen

Maud of
Normandy
(d. 1017)

illegitimate

Richard III
duke of
Normandy
(d. 1028)

Alice of
Normandy
(fl. 1017-1037)

Robert III Curthose
duke of Normandy
(c. 1053-1134)

(2) Papia of
Envermeu

Agatha
(fl. 1060)

(3)

Adeliza
(d. 1066?)

(4)

Robert of Gloucester
(d. 1147)

Constance

m. Amabel Fitzhammon
(d. 1157)

m. (1) Sybilla
of Anjou
(1112-1165)
(2) Joan of
Montferrat

(1) Henry V
Holy Roman
emperor
(r. 1105-1125)

Geoffrey IV
of Anjou
count of Nantes
(r. 1134-1157)

(4)
(2) Geoffrey
Plantagenet
count of Anjou
(d. 1150)

Matilda
(11021167)

William
count of
Poitou
(r. 1136-1164)

m. Eleanor of Aquitaine
(1122-1202)

William
(1153-1156)

Henry
the Young King
(1155-1183)

Matilda
of England
(1156-1189)

m. Margaret
of France
(1158-1198)

m. Henry V
the Lion
duke of Saxony
(d. 1195)

Richard I
the Lionheart
(1157-1199)
king of England
m. Berengaria
of Navarre
(c. 1163-c. 1230)

Matilda
(fl. 1000s)
duchess of
Brittany

m. Conan III

Emma de
Gatinais

Geoffrey
(1158-1186)
m. Constance
of Brittany
(1161-1201)

Eleanor
the Maid
of Brittany
(1184-1241)

xxxii

(1) Matilda of Scotland
(1080-1118)
(2) Adelicia of Louvain
(c. 1102-1151)

(1)

Henry II
(1133-1189)
king of England
(r. 1154-1189)

William III
count of Flanders
(1101-1128)

Henry I
(1068-1135)
king of
England

(3) mistress
Nesta Tewdwr
(4) mistress
Sybilla Corbert

illegitimate

Richard II
duke of
Normandy
(d. 1027)

(1) Judith
of Rennes
(c. 982-1018)

Eleanor
of Castile
(1162-1214)

m. Alphonso VIII
king of Castile
(d. 1214)

Arthur
(1187-1203)

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

ENGLAND

Richard I the Fearless
duke of Normandy
(d. 996)

(2) Canute (d. 1035)
king of England
(r. 1016-1035)

Gunnor
of Denmark
(d. 1031)

(1) Ethelred II the Unready (d. 1016)
king of England
(r. 978-1016)

Emma of Normandy
(c. 985-1052)

also m. Elfgifu
of Northampton
(c. 1000-1044)

also m. Elfgifu
(c. 963-1002)

Harthacnut
(d. 1042)
king of
England
(r. 1040-1042)

Gunhild
(c. 1020-1038)

Alfred
(d. 1037)
Harold I
king of
England
(r. 1037-1040)

Sven
king of
Norway
(d. 1036)

Godwin
earl of
Wessex

Gytha
(fl. 10221042)

m. Henry III
of Germany

Alexander I
(1077-1124)
king of Scots

Sybilla
(d. 1122)

Edmund
(d. 1097)
king of Scots

David I
(c. 1080-1153)
king of Scots

(2) St. Margaret
(c. 1046-1093)

Matilda of
Northumberland
(c. 1074-1131)

Adela of Blois
(1062-c. 1137)

Theobald II
count of Blois
(d. 1151)

Maud Carinthia
(c. 1105-1160)

Henry
bishop of
Winchester

Constance Capet
(c. 1128-1176)

m. (1) William II
king of Sicily
(d. 1189)
(2) Raymond VI
count of Toulouse
(d. 1222)

Henry III
(1207-1272)
king of England
(r. 1216-1272)

Edmund II
Ironside
(d. 1016)
k. of England

Christina
(fl. 1086)

Ealdgyth
(fl. 1016)

Edward
Atheling
(d. 1057)

Edgar
the Atheling

Mary
of Atholl
(d. 1116)

m. Eustace III
count of Boulogne

m. Stephen Henry
count of Blois
(d. 1102)

Joanna of Sicily
(1165-1199)

Wulfhild

Agatha of
Hungary
(c. 1025-?)

Malcolm III
king of Scots
(d. 1093)

(1) Ingebiorge
(fl. 1045-1068)

Edgar
king of Scots
(r. 1098-1107)

Elfgifu
(c. 997-?)

Edith
Harold II
(c. 1025- (c. 1022-1066)
1075)
king of England
m. Edith (fl. 1063)

Edward III
the Confessor
(c. 1005-1066)
king of England
(r. 1042-1066)

Godgifu
(c. 1010c. 1049)

Edith
(fl. 1009)

Lucy
de Blois
(d. 1120)

Matilda
de Blois

Eustace IV
(c. 1130-1153)

Stephen of
Blois
(c. 1096-1154)
king of
England
(r. 1135-1154)

Marie of
Boulogne
(d. 1182)

William
(c. 1134-1159)

Matilda of
Boulogne
(c. 1103-1152)

Isabel de Warrenne
(c. 1137-1203)

John Lackland
(1167-1216)
king of England
(r. 1199-1216)
m. (1) Avisa of Gloucester
(c. 1167-1217)
(2) Isabelle of Angouleme
(1186-1246)

Richard of Cornwall
(1209-1272)
king of the Romans
m. (1) Isabel Marshall
(1200-1240)
(2) Sancha of Provence
(c. 1225-1261)
(3) Beatrice von Falkestein
(c. 1253-1277)

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

Joan
(1210-1238)

Isabella of England
(1214-1241)

m. Alexander II
king of Scotland

m. Frederick II
Holy Roman emperor

Eleanor of Montfort
(1215-1275)
countess of Leicester

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

xxxiii

ENGLAND

Q ueens & Kings of Scotland
(1040–1390)
Duncan I, king
of Scotland
(r. 1034-1040)

Malcolm III Canmore
king of Scotland
(r. 1057-1093)

(2) St. Margaret
(c. 1046-1093)

(1) Ingebiorge
(fl. 1045-1068)

Duncan II
(d. 1094)

Edward
(d. 1093)

Edgar
king of
Scotland
(r. 10981107)

Edmund
king of
Scotland
(r. 1094-1097)

Alexander I
king of
Scotland
(r. 1107-1124)
m. Sybilla
(d. 1122)

Macbeth, king
of Scotland
(r. 1040-1054)

Elflaed
(fl. 1030)

Donalbane
king of Scotland
(r. 1093-1098)

Gruoch

Lulach
king of Scotland
(r. 1057-1058)

Margaret
(fl. 1000s)

Ethelreda
(fl. 1090)

David I
king of Scotland
(r. 1124-1153)
m. Matilda of
Northumberland
(c. 1074-1131)

Matilda
of Scotland
(1080-1118)
queen of England

Mary
of Atholl
(d. 1116)

Isabella
m. Robert
baron Ros

David
earl of
Huntingdon

Henry
(d. 1152)
m. Adelicia de
Warrenne
(d. 1178)

Malcolm IV
king of Scotland
(r. 1153-1165)

Alexander II
king of Scotland
(r. 1214-1249)

(1) Joan
(1210-1238)
(2) Mary
de Coucy
(c. 1220c. 1260)

(1) Margaret
(1240-1275)

William I the Lion
king of Scotland
(r. 1165-1214)

Margaret of
Huntingdon
(c. 1140-1201)

Alexander III
king of Scotland
(r. 1249-1286)

Marjory
Margaret
(d. 1244)
de Burgh
(c. 1193-1259)

(2) Yolande
de Dreux
(d. 1323)

Eric II
king of
Norway

(1) Margaret
of Norway
(1261-1283)

Ermengarde
of Beaumont
(d. 1234)

(2) Isabel Bruce
(c. 1278-1358)

Ada Dunkeld
(c. 1145-1206)

Maude
of Chester
(1171-1233)

Isabel
(fl. 1225)

John of
Chester
(d. 1237)
m. Ellen
of Wales
(d. 1253)

John Balliol
king of Scotland
(r. 1292-1296)

Alan of
Galloway

Margaret
(d. 1228)

Christian
(d. 1246)

Cecily Balliol
(d. before 1273)

Ada
Dunkeld
(c. 1195-?)

Isabella
(1206-1251)

John
Balliol
(d. 1269)

Devorgilla
(d. 1290)

Ada Balliol
(fl. 1256)

Margaret Balliol
(c. 1255-?)

m. John Comyn

m. Isabel de Warrenne
(b. 1253)

Margaret
Maid of Norway
(c. 1283-1290)

Robert
Bruce

Robert Bruce
of Annandale
m. Isabel de Clare
(1226-1254)

Robert Bruce
m. Marjorie
of Carrick
(c. 1254-1292)

Edward Balliol
king of Scotland
(r. 1332-1338)
m. Margaret Balliol
(fl. 1300s)

(1) Isabella
of Mar
(d. 1296)

Robert I, king
of Scotland
(r. 1306-1329)

(2) Elizabeth
de Burgh
(d. 1327)

Mary Bruce
(fl. 1290-1316)

Isabel Bruce
(c. 1278-1358)

Christian
Bruce
(d. 1356)

Margaret
Bruce
(c. 1286-?)

Matilda
Bruce
(c. 1285-c. 1326)

m. Hugh Ross
Walter Stuart
(d. 1326)
(1) Elizabeth Muir
(d. before 1355)
(2) Euphemia Ross
(d. 1387)

Margaret Bruce
(1296-1316)

Robert II Stuart
king of Scotland
(r. 1371-1390)

David II
king of Scotland
(r. 1329-1370)
m. (1) Joan of the Tower
(1321-1362)
(2) Margaret Drummond
(d. 1375)

Margaret
Bruce
(d. 1346)

Matilda
Bruce
(d. 1353)

Euphemia
Ross
(d. 1387)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xxxv

ENGLAND

T he Plantagenets

Edward I
(1239-1307)
king of England

(1) Eleanor
of Castile
(1241-1290)

Edward II
(1284-1327)
king of England
(r. 1307-1327)

Alice
(1280-1291)

m. Isabella
of France
(1296-1358)

Edward III
(1312-1377)
king of England
(r. 1327-1377)
m. Philippa
of Hainault
(1314-1369)

Eleanor Plantagenet
(1264-1297)

Joan of Acre
(1272-1307)

Margaret
(1275-1318)

m. (1) Alphonso III
king of Aragon
(2) Henry
count of Bar

m. (1) Gilbert de Clare
earl of Gloucester
(d. 1295)
(2) Ralph de Monthermer
(d. 1305)

m. John II
duke of Brabant

John
of Eltham
earl of
Cornwall
(1376-1436)

Edward
the Black Prince
(1330-1376)
m. Joan of Kent
(1328-1385)

(2) Margaret
of France
(c. 1282-1318)

Eleanor
of Woodstock
(1318-1355)

Joan of
the Tower
(1321-1362)

m. Reginald
duke of Guelders
(d. 1343)

m. David II
king of Scots

Isabella
(1332-1382)

m. Enguerrand
de Coucy

Joanna
(1333-1348)

Mary
(1278-1332)
nun at Amesbury

Elizabeth Plantagenet
(1282-1316)

m. Humphrey de Bohun
earl of Hereford & Essex
(d. 1322)

Lionel of Antwerp
duke of Clarence
(1338-1368)
m. (1) Elizabeth de Burgh
(1332-1363)
(2) Violet Visconti
(c. 1353-1386)

Richard II
(1367-1400)
king of England
(r. 1377-1399)
m. (1) Anne of Bohemia
(1366-1394)
(2) Isabella of Valois
(c. 1389-c. 1410)

xxxvi

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

ENGLAND

Henry III
(1207-1272)
king of England
(r. 1216-1272)

(1) Avelina de Forz
(1259-1274)

Eleanor
of Provence
(c. 1222-1291)

Edmund Crouchback
earl of Lancaster
(c. 1245-1296)

(2) Blanche
of Artois
(c. 1247-1302)

Margaret
queen of Scots
(1240-1275)

m. Alexander III
king of Scots
Thomas
of Brotherton
earl of Norfolk
(1300-1338)

Eleanor
(1306-1311)

Margaret
(b. 1306)

Edmund
earl of Kent
(1307-1330)

m. John II
duke of Brittany

Margaret
Wake of Liddell
(c. 1299-1349)

Joan
of Kent
(1328-1385)

m. Alice Hayles

Thomas
earl of
Lancaster
(1276-1322)

Beatrice
(1242-1275)

Mary
Plantagenet

John

Henry
earl of
Lancaster
(1281-1345)

(1) Maud
Chaworth
(1282-c. 1322)
(2) Alice de Joinville

Henry, 1st
duke of Lancaster
(d. 1361)
m. Isabel Beaumont
(d. 1368)

(1) Blanche
of Lancaster
(1341-1369)

John of Gaunt
duke of Lancaster
(1340-1399)

(2) Constance
of Castile
(1354-1394)
(3) Catherine Swynford
(c. 1350-1403)

Edmund of Langley
duke of York
(1341-1402)
m. (1) Isabel of Castile
(1355-1392)
(2) Joan Holland
(c. 1380-1434)

Mary
(1344-1362)

Margaret
(1346-1361)

m. John de Montfort
duke of Brittany
(d. 1399)

m. John Hastings
earl of Pembroke
(d. 1375)

Thomas of
Woodstock
duke of
Gloucester
(1355-1397)
m. Eleanor Bohun
(1366-1399)

Joan Beaufort
(c. 1379-1440)
Catherine
of Lancaster
(1372-1418)

m. Henry III
king of Castile

Henry IV
earl of Bolingbroke
(1366-1413)
later Henry IV
king of England

Philippa
of Lancaster
(c. 1359-1415)

Elizabeth
of Lancaster
(1364-1425)

m. John I
king of Portugal

m. (1) John Holland
duke of Exeter
(2) Sir John Cornwall
Lord Fanhope

m. (1) Mary de Bohun
(1369-1394)
(2) Joanna of Navarre
(c. 1370-1437)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xxxvii

ENGLAND

T he House of Tudor
(1485–1603)
Edmund Tudor
(d. 1456)

Margaret Beaufort
(1443-1509)

Henry VII
king of England
(r. 1485-1509)

Arthur
(d. 1502)

(1) Catherine
of Aragon
(1485-1536)

Philip II
king of
Spain
(d. 1598)

Henry VIII
king of
England
(r. 1509-1547)
Mary I
(1516-1558)
queen of
England
(r. 1553-1558)

Margaret
Tudor
(1489-1541)

(2) Anne Boleyn
(1507-1536)
(3) Jane Seymour
(c. 1509-1537)
(4) Anne of Cleves
(1515-1557)
(5) Catherine Howard
(1520/22-1542)
(6) Catherine Parr
(1512-1548)

Elizabeth I
(1533-1603)
queen of England
(r. 1558-1603)

Elizabeth
of York
(1466-1503)

(1) James IV
king of Scotland
(r. 1488-1513)
(2) Archibald Douglas
6th earl of Angus
(3) Henry Stewart
1st lord Methven

Mary Tudor
(1496-1533)

Margaret Douglas
countess of Lennox
(1515-1578)

Edward VI
king of England
(r. 1547-1553)

(1) Madeleine
of France
(1520-1537)

m. (1) Louis XII
king of France
(d. 1515)
(2) Charles
Brandon
duke of Suffolk
(d. 1545)

m. Matthew Stuart

James V, king
of Scotland
(r. 1513-1542)

(1) Francis II
king of France
(d. 1560)

(2) Mary
of Guise
(1515-1560)

Mary Stuart
queen of Scots
(1542-1587)

Anne of
Denmark
(1574-1619)

(2) Henry Stuart
Lord Darnley
(d. 1567)
(3) James
Hepburn
earl of Bothwell
(d. 1578)

James VI
king of Scotland
(r. 1567-1625)
later James I
king of England
(r. 1603-1625)

Eleanor
Brandon
(c. 1520-1547)

Frances
Brandon
(1517-1559)

Catherine Grey
(c. 1540-1568)

Mary Grey
(1545-1578)

Henry Grey
duke of Suffolk
(d. 1554)

Lady Jane Grey
(1537-1554)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xxxix

ENGLAND

T he Stuar ts
(1603–1714)
James VI, king
of Scotland
(r. 1567-1625)
king of England
as James I
(r. 1603-1625)

Anne
of Denmark
(1574-1619)

Henry
(d. 1612)

Henrietta Maria
(1626-1651)

m. Count Ragotzki

Elizabeth
of Bohemia
(1618-1680)

Charles I Louis
(d. 1680)

Louisa
(1622-1709)

m. Charlotte
of Hesse
(1627-1687)

George I
king of England
(r. 1714-1727)

Charles II
king of England
(r. 1649-1685)

Mary of
Orange
(1631-1660)

William II
of Orange
(d. 1650)

(1) Anne Hyde
(1638-1671)

Rupert
(d. 1682)
m. Frances
Baird

Frederick V
elector Palatine
(d. 1632)

Elizabeth of
Bohemia
(1596-1662)

Ernst August
(d. 1698)
elector
of Hanover

Sophia
(1630-1714)
electress
of Hanover

Sophia Dorothea
of Brunswick-Celle
(1666-1726)

James II, king
of England
(r. 1685-1688)

Sophie Charlotte
of Hanover
(1668-1705)

(2) Mary
of Modena
(1658-1718)

Charles I
king of England
(r. 1625-1649)

Edward
(d. 1663)
m. Anne
de Gonzaga
(1616-1684)

Frederick I
king of Prussia

Elizabeth
Stuart
(1635-1650)

Henry
(d. 1660)

Henrietta
Anne
(1644-1670)

m. Catherine
of Braganza
(1638-1705)

William III
king of England
(r. 1689-1702)

Mary II
(1662-1694)
queen of
England &
the Scots
(r. 1689-1694)

Henrietta Maria
(1609-1669)

Philip
duke of
Orleans
(d. 1701)

Anne
(1665-1714)
queen of
England
& Scotland
(r. 1702-1707)
queen of Britain
(r. 1702-1714)

m. George
of Denmark
(d. 1708)
James Francis Edward
(The Old Pretender)
(d. 1766)

Louise of
StolbergGedern
(1752-1824)

Clementina Sobieski
(1702-1735)

Charles Edward
(The Young Pretender)
(d. 1788)

Henry
cardinal of York
(d. 1807)

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Dictionary of Women Worldwide

ENGLAND

T he House of Hanover
(1714–1837)
George I, king
of England
(r. 1714-1727)

George II, king
of England
(r. 1727-1760)

Sophia Dorothea
of Brunswick-Celle
(1666-1726)

Sophia Dorothea
of Brunswick-Luneberg-Hanover
(1687-1757)

Caroline of
Ansbach
(1683-1737)

m. Frederick William I of Prussia

Frederick Louis
prince of Wales
(d. 1751)

Anne
princess
of Orange
(1709-1759)

Augusta of
Saxe-Gotha
(1719-1772)

William
duke of
Cumberland
(d. 1765)

Amelia Sophia
(1711-1786)

Caroline Elizabeth
(1713-1757)

Elizabeth Caroline
(1740-1759)

m. Charles William
of Brunswick

(2) Caroline
of Brunswick
(1768-1821)

George III
king of
England
(r. 1760-1820)

George IV
king of
England
(r. 1820-1830)

(1) Maria Anne
Fitzherbert
(1756-1837)

Charlotte Augusta
(1796-1817)

(1) possibly
Edward
Hannah Lightfoot
duke of York
(2) Charlotte of
(d. 1767)
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(1744-1818)

Ernest
duke of
Cumberland
king of Hanover
(r. 1837-1851)
m. Frederica of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(1778-1841)

William Henry
duke of Gloucester
(1743-1805)
m. Maria Walpole
(1736-1807)

Frederick Augustus
duke of York
(1763-1827)

William IV
king of England
(r. 1830-1837)

m. Frederica
of Prussia
(1767-1820)

m. (1) Dora Jordan
(1761-1816)
(2) Adelaide
of Saxe-Meiningen
(1792-1849)

m. Leopold of
Saxe-Coburg
king of Belgium
(d. 1817)

Elizabeth
(1770-1840)

m. Frederick VI
landgrave of
Hesse-Homburg
(r. 1769-1829)

Louise of England
(1724-1751)

m. Frederick V
king of Denmark

m. Frederick II
of Hesse-Cassel

m. William IV
of Orange

Augusta Guelph
(1737-1813)

Mary of
Hesse-Cassel
(1723-1772)

Augustus
(1773-1843)
duke of Sussex

Henry
(1745-1790)
duke of
Cumberland

m. Frederick I
king of Wurttemberg

m. Augusta
of Hesse-Cassel
(1797-1889)

Caroline Matilda
(1751-1775)

m. Christian VII
king of Denmark

m. (1) possibly
Olivia Wilmot
(d. 1774)
(2) Ann Horton
(1743-1808)

Charlotte
Augusta Matilda
princess royal
(1766-1828)

Adolphus
(1774-1850)
duke of Cambridge

Louisa Anne
(1749-1768)

Edward
duke of Kent
m. Victoria
of Coburg
(1786-1861)

Augusta
Guelph
(1768-1840)

Victoria
(1819-1901)
queen of
Great Britain
(r. 1837-1901)

Mary
(1776-1857)

m. William
duke of Gloucester

Sophia
Matilda
(1777-1848)

Amelia
(1783-1810)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xli

ENGLAND

T he Houses of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Victoria of Coburg
(1786-1861)

Edward Guelph

Victoria
(1819-1901)
queen of
Great Britain
(r. 1837-1901)

Frederick III
(1831-1888)
emperor of
Germany

Victoria Adelaide
Princess Royal
(1840-1901)

Charlotte
of SaxeMeiningen
(1860-1919)

Sophie
of Prussia
(1870-1932)

Victoria
(1866-1929)

m. Constantine I
king of Greece

Victoria
of HesseDarmstadt
(1863-1950)

Marie
Feodorovna
(Dagmar)
(1847-1928)

Augusta of
SchleswigHolstein
(1858-1921)

Alexandra
Feodorovna
(1872-1918)

Louis
of Battenberg
Earl
Mountbatten
of Burma
(1900-1979)
m. Edwina
Ashley
Mountbatten
(1901-1960)

Louise
Mountbatten
(1889-1965)

Alice of
Battenberg
(1885-1969)

m. Gustavus VI
Adolphus
king of Sweden
(r. 1950-1973)

William of
Denmark
also known
as George I
of the
Hellenes
(1845-1913)

(1864-1918)

Edward VIII
(1894-1972)
king of England
(abdicated)

Charles
prince of
Wales
(b. 1948)

William
(b. 1982)

(1) Diana Spencer
princess of Wales
(1961-1997)

Henry
(b. 1984)

George VI
(1895-1952)
king of
England
(r. 1936-1952)

m. Wallis Warfield
Simpson
duchess of Windsor
(1895-1986)

Elizabeth II
(b. 1926)
queen of
Great Britain
(r. 1952-)

Anthony
Armstrong-Jones
Lord Snowdon

(1) Margaret Rose
(1930-2002)

David
Viscount
Linley
(b. 1961)

(2) Camilla
Parker Bowles
(b. 1947)

(2) Tim
Laurence

Olga
Constantinovna
(1851-1926)

also known
as Elizabeth
Feodorovna

Andrew
prince of
Greece
(1882-1944)

Philip
duke of
Edinburgh
(b. 1921)

David
(b. 1919)
3rd Marquess
of Milford Haven

Alexander III
(1845-1894)
tsar of Russia

Louise of
Hesse-Cassel
(1817-1898)

Ella

m. Nicholas II
(1868-1918)
m. Louis of
tsar of Russia
Battenberg
(1854-1921)
1st Marquess
of Milford Haven

George
of Battenberg
(1892-1938)
2nd Marquess
of Milford Haven

Christian X, king
of Denmark
(r. 1863-1906)

Louis IV
of Hesse-Darmstadt
(1837-1892)

Alice Maud Mary
(1843-1878)

Wilhelm II
(1859-1941)
emperor
of Germany

Albert
of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
prince consort
(1819-1861)

Anne
Princess
Royal
(b. 1950)

(1) Mark
Phillips

Peter
(b. 1977)

Zara Phillips
(b. 1981)

Elizabeth
Bowes-Lyon
(b. 1900)

(2) Lucy Mary
Davies
(b. 1941)

Sarah
ArmstrongJones
(b. 1964)

Andrew
duke of York
(b. 1960)

Sarah Ferguson Edward
(b. 1959)
(b. 1964)

Beatrice
(b. 1988)

Eugenie
(b. 1990)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

xlii

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

ENGLAND

Alfred
duke of
Edinburgh
(1844-1900)
Alexandra
of Denmark
(1844-1925)

Edward VII
(1841-1910)
king of England
(r. 1901-1910)

Louise Victoria
Princess Royal
(1867-1931)

Mary
of Teck
(1867-1953)

Henry
Viscount Lascelles
6th earl of
Harewood
(1882-1947)

George
7th earl of
Harewood
(b. 1923)

Arthur
duke of
Connaught
(1850-1942)

Leopold
duke of
Albany
(1853-1884)

m. Louise
Margaret
of Prussia
(1860-1917)

m. Helen of
Waldeck
& Pyrmont
(1861-1922)

Victoria
(1868-1935)

(1) Marion
Stein
(b. 1926)

Beatrice
(1857-1944)

m. Henry of
Battenberg
(1858-1896)

Maud
(1869-1938)

m. Haakon VII
(1872-1957)
king of Norway
(r. 1905-1957)

m. Alexander Duff
duke of Fife
(1849-1912)

Henry
duke of Gloucester
(1900-1974)

George
duke of Kent
(1902-1942)

m. Alice MontaguDouglas-Scott
(b. 1901)

m. Marina
of Greece
(1906-1968)

William
(1941-1973)

(2) Patricia
Lascelles
(b. 1926)

Louise
(1848-1939)

m. Marie
Alexandrovna
(1853-1920)

George V
Albert Victor
duke of Clarence (1865-1936)
king of
(1864-1892)
England
(r. 1910-1936)

Mary
Princess
Royal
(1897-1965)

Helena
(1846-1923)

Edward
duke of Kent
(b. 1935)

Alexandra
of Kent
(b. 1936)

m. Brigitte van Deurs
(b. 1946)

m. Katherine
Worsley
(b. 1933)

m. Angus Ogilvy

Gerald
Lascelles
(b. 1924)

Martin
(b. 1962)

David
Robert
James
Viscount (b. 1953) (b. 1955)
Lascelles
(b. 1950)

Michael
(b. 1942)

Richard
duke of Gloucester
(b. 1944)

(2) Elizabeth
Collingwood
(b. 1924)

Mark
(b. 1964)

John
(1905-1919)

(1) Angela
Dowding
(b. 1919)

m. Princess
Michael
of Kent
(b. 1945)

James
Marina
(b. 1964) (b. 1966)

Henry
(b. 1953)

George
Lord
St. Andrews
(b. 1962)

Helen
Windsor
(b. 1964)

Nicholas
(b. 1970)

Frederick
(b. 1979)

Gabriella
Windsor
(b. 1981)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xliii

FRANCE

M erov ingian Queens and Kings
(1) Amalaberga

Theodoric I
king of Metz
(r. 511-534)

Chlodomer
king of Orleans
(r. 511-524)

Clovis I, king
of the Franks
(r. 481-511)

Guntheuca
(fl. 525)

(2) Clotilda
(470-545)

Clotilda

Childebert
king of Paris
(r. 511-558)

Vultrogotha

m. Suavegotta

Theudebert I
king of Metz
(r. 534-548)

(3)

(3)

(3)

Theudebald
king of Metz
(r. 548-555)

Sigibert I
king of Austrasia
(r. 561-575)

Charibert I
king of Paris
(r. 561-567)

m. Vuldetrade
(fl. 550)

m. Brunhilda
(c. 533-613)

m. Ingoberge
(519-589)

Faileuba
(fl. 586-587)

Theudebert II
king of Austrasia
(r. 595-612)

Childebert II
king of Austrasia
(r. 575-595)
king of Burgundy
(r. 593-595)

Clotsinda

(1)

(1)

Basina

Clovis
(d. 580)

Lothair I
king of Soissons
(r. 511)
king of all Franks
(r. 558-561)

(3)

(4)
Chilperic I
king of Soissons
(r. 561-584)

Guntram
king of Burgundy
(r. 561-593)

(1)
Theodobert
(d. 575)

(1)

(3)

Merovech

Riguntha

(1) Guntheuca
(fl. 525)
(2) Chunsina
(3) Ingunde
(4) Aregunde
(5) Radegund
(518-587)
(7) Vuldetrade
(fl. 550)

(1) Audovera
(d. 580)
(2) Galswintha
(3) Fredegund
(c. 547-597)

(3)
Chlodobert
(d. 580)

m. Brunhilda
(c. 533-613)

(3)
Lothair II
king of Neustria
(r. 584-629)
king of all Franks
(r. 613-629)
m. Beretrude
(d. 620)

Theodoric II
king of Burgundy
(r. 595-613)
king of Austrasia
(r. 612-613)
Dagobert I
king of Austrasia
(r. 623-628)
king of all Franks
(r. 629-639)

Sigibert II
king of Austrasia
king of Burgundy
(r. 613)

(1)

Charibert II
king of Aquitaine
(r. 629-632)

(2)

Sigibert III
king of Austrasia
(r. 634-656)

Bilchilde
(d. 675)

m. Childeric (II)
king of Austrasia
(r. 656-675)
king of all Franks
(r. 673-675)

Adela
(d. 735)

(1) Ragnetrude
(2) Nanthilde
(610-642)

Himnechildis
regent of
Austrasia
(r. 662-675)

Dagobert II
king of Austrasia
(r. 674-678)
m. Matilda

Irmina
(d. 716?)

Clovis II
king of Neustria
& Burgundy
(r. 639-657)

Childeric (II)
king of Austrasia
(r. 656-675)
king of all Franks
(r. 673-675)

Balthild
(c. 630-c. 680)

Lothair III
king of Neustria
(r. 657-673)
king of all Franks
(r. 656-660)

Clotilde
(d. 691)

Theodoric III
king of Neustria
(r. 673-691)
king of all Franks
(r. 687-691)

m. Bilchilde (d. 675)

Lothair IV
king of Austrasia
(r. 717-719)

Chilperic II
king of Neustria
(r. 715-721)
king of all Franks
(r. 719-720)

Childeric III
king of all Franks
(r. 743-751)

Clovis III
king of all Franks
(r. 691-695)

Childebert III
king of all Franks
(r. 695-711)

m. Tanaquille
(d. 696)

m. Edonne

Dagobert III
king of all Franks
(r. 711-716)

Theodoric IV
king of all Franks
(r. 721-737)

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xliv

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

FRANCE

T he House of Pepin
(640–814)

Arnulf
bishop
of Metz
(d. 639)

Pepin (I)
of Landen
mayor
of Austrasia
(d. 640)

Dode
(b. 586)

Ansegisal
mayor of
Austrasia
(r. 632-638)

Begga
(613-698)

Grimoald
mayor of
Austrasia
(d. 656)

Childebert
mayor
of Austrasia
(r. 656)
Pepin II of Heristal
mayor of Austrasia
and Neustria
(r. 687-714)

(1) Plectrudis

Grimoald II
mayor of
Austrasia
and Neustria
(d. 714)

Ida
of Nivelles
(597-652)

Gertrude
of Nivelles
(626-659)

Wulfetrud
of Nivelles

(2) Alphaida
(c. 654-c. 714)

Charles Martel
mayor of
Austrasia
and Neustria
(r. 714-741)

Drogon
duke of
Champagne

(1) Chrotrud
(d. 724)

Grifo

m. Theudesinda

(2) Sunnichild
(d. 741)

Chiltrud
(fl. 700s)

Hildebrand

possibly
Adeloga
Martel

Theudoald
Carloman
mayor of
Austrasia
(d. 754)

(1) Himiltrude
(2) Desiderata
(d. 773)
(3) Hildegarde
of Swabia
(c. 757-783)

Grifon

Charlemagne
king of
the Franks
(r. 768-814)
Holy Roman
emperor
(r. 800-814)

Bernard
count of
St. Quentin

Pepin III the Short
mayor of Neustria
(r. 741)
king of the Franks
(r. 747-768)

(4) Fastrada
(d. 794)
(5) Luitgarde
(d. 800)

Carloman
king of
Austrasia
(r. 768-771)
m. Gerberge
of the Lombard

Bertha
(719-783)

Irmentrude
(d. 820)

Gisela
(c. 753-807)

m. Isembert
count of
Altdorf

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xlv

FRANCE

T he Carolingian Dynasty
(768–987)
Charlemagne
king of the Franks
(r. 768-814)
Holy Roman emperor
(r. 800-814)

(1) Himiltrude
(2) Desiderata
(d. 773)
(3) Hildegarde
of Swabia
(c. 757-783)

(1)

(4) Fastrada
(d. 794)
(5) Luitgarde
(d. 800)

(3)

Pepin the
Hunchback
(d. 810)

(3)

(3)

Charles
king of
Neustria
(d. 811)

Gisela
of Chelles
(781-814)

Pepin I
king of Italy
(r. 781-810)

Bertha of
Toulouse

five daughters
(names unknown)

Adelaide
(c. 794-after 852)

Rotrud
(800-841)

Lothair I
Holy Roman
emperor
(r. 840-855)

Pepin
king of
Aquitaine
(d. 838)

Irmengard
(c. 800-851)

Hildegard
(c. 802-841)

Bernard
king of Italy
(r. 810-818)

Emma
of Bavaria
(d. 876)

Cunegunde

Louis II
king of
the Germans
(r. 843-869)

m. Ringart

Engelberga
(c. 840-890)

Rothilde

m. Guido
of Spoleto

Guido
of Spoleto
Holy Roman
emperor
(r. 891-894)

Louis II
Holy Roman
emperor
(r. 855-875)

Bertha
of Avenay
(c. 830-c. 852)

Carloman
king of
Bavaria
(d. 880)

Ermengarde
of Provence

m. Boso
of Provence

Oda of
Bavaria

Lambert
Holy Roman
emperor
(r. 892-898)

Louis III
Holy Roman
emperor
(r. 901-905)

xlvi

Anna of
Byzantium
(fl. 901)

Charles
king of Provence
(r. 855-863)

Engelberga
of Aquitaine
(877-917)

Lothair II
king of Lorraine
(r. 855-869)

Litwinde

Hildegarde
of Bavaria
(c. 840-?)

Arnulf
king of Germany
(r. 887-899)
Holy Roman emperor
(r. 896-899)

(1) Tetberga
(2) Waldrada

Louis
king of
the East
Franks
(r. 876-882)
m. Liutgard
(d. 885)

Richilde
(d. 894)

Charles III
the Fat
king of France
(r. 884-887)
Holy Roman
emperor as
Charles II
(r. 881-887)

Louis
the Child
king of Germany
(r. 899-911)

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

FRANCE

(3)
(1) Ermengarde
(c. 778-818)

Louis I the Pious
king of France
Holy Roman
emperor
(r. 814-840)

(2) Judith
of Bavaria
(802-843)

(2) Richilde
of Autun
(d. c. 910)

Rothild
(c. 871-c. 928)

(1) Ansgard
(fl. 863)

Louis II (the
Stammerer)
king of France
(r. 877-879)

(2) Adelaide
Judith

(3)

(3)

Hildegard
(d. 783)

Rotrude
(c. 778after 839)

Charles I
the Bald
king of France
(r. 840-877)
Holy Roman
emperor as
Charles II
(r. 875-877)

Carloman
(d. 874)

Charles
king of
Aquitaine
(d. 865)

(1) Frederona
(d. 917)

Louis III
king of France
(r. 879-882)

Carloman
king of France
(r. 879-884)

Gisela
m. Robert
count of
Troyes

(3)

(4)

Bertha
(779-after
823)

(1) Ermentrude
(d. 869)

two daughters,
including
Theodrada
abbess of
Argenteuil

Eberhard of
Friuli

Gisela
(c. 819c. 874)

Berengar
king of Italy
m. Arnulf
Holy Roman
duke of Bavaria emperor
(r. 905-924)
Judith
of Fiuli

Ermentrude
of Hasnon

Judith Martel
(c. 844-?)

Charles III
(the Simple)
king of France
(r. 893-923)

Gisela Martel
(d. 919)

Rotrude
of Poitiers

(2) Edgifu
(902-951)

Louis IV
king of France
(r. 936-954)

Gerberga
of Saxony
(c. 910-969)

Matilda Martel Lothair
(943-c. 982)
king of France

m. Conrad
king of
Burgundy

Emma of Italy
(948-after 990)

(r. 954-986)

Adelaide
of Anjou

Louis V
the Coward
king of France
(r. 986-987)

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xlvii

FRANCE

T he Ho use o f Capet
(987–1328)

Hugh
(d. 1025)

(1) Bertha of Holland
(1055-1094)

Louis VI, king of France
(r. 1108-1137)

(1) Eleanor
of Aquitaine
(1122-1204)

Marie de
Champagne
(1145-1198)

Alice
(1150-c. 1197)
countess
of Blois

m. Henry of
Champagne

m. Theobald V
of Blois

Margaret
of France
(1158-1198)

Alais
of France
(b. 1160)

(3) Adele of Champagne
(1145-1206)

Agnes-Anne
of France
(b. 1171)

m. (1) Alexius
Comnenus
(2) Andronicus
Comnenus

(2) Ingeborg
(c. 1176-1237/38)

m. Maude of
Brabant (1224-1288)

Robert II
count of Artois
(d. 1302)

Philip III, king
of France
(r. 1270-1285)

St. Isabelle
(1225-1270)

Peter of Courtenay

Robert of Dreux

m. Elizabeth of Courtenay
(d. 1205)

Philip II Augustus
king of France
(r. 1180-1223)

(1) Isabella
of Hainault
(1170-1190)

Blanche of Castile
(1188-1252)

Robert I, count of Artois

Louis IX
king of France
(r. 1226-1270)

(1) Isabella of Aragon
(1243-1271)

Tancred of Antioch

Cecilia of France

m. Bohemund I of Antioch

m. (1) Henry
of Anjou
(2) Bela III

Margaret of
Provence
(1221-1295)

Philip

Constance of France

(2) Constance of Castile
(d. 1160)

Louis VII, king of France
(r. 1137-1180)

(1) Matilda
of Germany

Hugh the Great
count of Vermandois

(2) Bertrada of Montfort

Philip I, king of France
(r. 1060-1108)

Adelaide of Maurienne
(1092-1154)

Henry I, king of France
(r. 1031-1060)

(2) Anne of Kiev
(1024-1066)

(3) Agnes
of Meran
(d. 1201)

Louis VIII
king of France
(r. 1223-1226)

Alphonse, count of Poitou
m. Joan of Toulouse
(d. 1271)

Blanche of Artois (c. 1247-1302)

m. (1) Henry of Navarre
(2) Edmund the Crouchback, earl of Lancaster

(2) Marie
of Brabant
(1260-1321)

John
count of Nevers

Peter
count of Alencon

Robert, count of Clermont
m. Beatrix de Bourgogne
(1257-1310)

House of Bourbon

Philip IV
king of France
(r. 1285-1314)

Blanche
of France
(c. 1266-1305)

Charles of Valois
m. Margaret of Anjou
(c. 1272-1299)

Louis
of Evreux

Margaret of France
(1282-1318)

m. Edward I of England

m. Joan I of Navarre
(1273-1305)
Jeanne of Valois
(c. 1294-1342)

Louis X
king of France
(r. 1314-1316)

Philip V
king of France
(r. 1316-1322)

Isabella
of France
(1296-1358)

Charles IV
king of France
(r. 1322-1328)

m. (1) Margaret of Burgundy
(1290-1315)
(2) Clemence of Hungary
(1293-1328)

m. Jeanne I
of Burgundy
(c. 1291-1330)

m. Edward II
king of England

m. (1) Blanche of Burgundy
(1296-1326)
(2) Mary of Luxemburg
(1305-1323)
(3) Joan of Evreux (d. 1370)

xlviii

m. William III
of Hainault

Philip VI of Valois
king of France
(r. 1328-1350)

(1) Jeanne
of Burgundy (1293-1348)
(2) Blanche
of Navarre (1331-1398)

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

FRANCE

(2) Hedwig
(c. 915-965)

Hugh Capet, king of France
(r. 987-996)

Adelaide of Poitou
(c. 950-c. 1004)

(3) Constance of Arles
(c. 980-1032)

Robert II the Pious, king of France
(r. 996-1031)

(1) Richard of Normandy
(2) Baldwin V of Flanders

Adela Capet
countess of
Flanders
(c. 1010-1079)

Henry
bishop of Beauvais

Hugh the Great

Philip
bishop of Paris

Robert I
duke of
Burgundy

(1) Edhild
(d. 946)

Emma of Paris
(d. 968)

(2) Bertha of Burgundy
(964-1024)

Helia de Semur

Constance Capet
(c. 1128-1176)

m. Raymond V
count of Toulouse

Philip Huerpel
count of Boulogne

Marie of France
(1198-c. 1223)

m. Henry of Brabant
Charles I, count of Anjou
king of Sicily (r. 1266-1282)
king of Naples (r. 1268-1285)

Isabella
Capet

m. Theobald
of Navarre

(1) Beatrice of Provence
(d. 1267)
(2) Marguerite de Bourgogne
(1250-1308)

Blanche
of France
(1253-1321)

Margaret
Capet
(d. 1271)

m. Ferdinand
of Castile

m. John of
Brabant

Agnes Capet
(1260-1327)

m. Robert II
of Burgundy

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

xlix

FRANCE

T he House of Anjou
(1266–1435)
Louis VIII, king
of France
(r. 1223-1226)
(2) Marguerite
de Bourgogne
(1250-1308)

Blanche
of Castile
(1188-1252)

Charles I of Anjou
king of Sicily
(r. 1266-1282)
king of Naples
(r. 1268-1285)

Charles II
duke of Anjou
(r. 1285-1290)
king of Naples

Marie of
Hungary
(d. 1323)

Charles Martel
of Hungary

Blanche of Naples
(d. 1310)

m. Clementia of
Habsburg (d. 1293)

m. James II, king of
Aragon & Sicily

Charles Robert
(Charles I)
king of Hungary
m. Elizabeth of
Poland (1305-1380)

Louis I
king of Hungary
m. Elizabeth
of Bosnia
(c. 1345-138 )

Clemence of Hungary
(1293-1328)

m. Sigismund I
king of Bohemia
king of Hungary
Holy Roman emperor

Joanna I
of Naples
(1326-1382)

m. Charles I
of Valois

Charles of Calabria

Louis of Tarento

m. Marie of Valois

m. Joanna I
of Naples
(1326-1382)

(2) Philip II of
Constantinople

Beatrice
of Anjou
(d. 1275)

Margaret of Anjou
(c. 1272-1299)

m. Yolande of Aragon

m. Louis X
king of France

Andrew of
Hungary
(d. 1345)

Maria of Hungary
(1371-1395)

Robert the Good
king of Naples
(r. 1309-1343)

(1) Beatrice
of Provence
(d. 1267)

Marie of
Naples

Philip of Tarento

Lenore of Sicily
(1289-1341)

m. Catherine
of Tarento

Robert II of
Constantinople

(1) Charles
of Durazzo

m. Frederick II
king of Sicily

Philip II of
Constantinople

Margaret Balliol
(fl. 1300s)

m. Marie of Naples

m. Edward
Balliol, king
of the Scots

Louis of Durazzo
m. Margaret
of Corigliano

Margaret
of Naples

Charles III
king of Naples
(r. 1382-1386)
king of Hungary
as Charles II
(r. 1385-1386)

Ladislas I
king of Naples
(r. 1386-1414)

Joanna II
of Naples
(1374-1435)
queen of Naples
(r. 1414-1435)

Jadwiga
(1374-1399)
queen of Poland

John of
Gravina
m. Agnes
of Perigord

m. Jagiello
of Lithuania

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

li

FRANCE

T he House of Burgundy
(1312–1477)
John III, duke
of Brabant
(r. 1312-1355)

Louis II, count
of Flanders
(r. 1346-1384)

Margaret of Brabant
(1323-1368)

John the Fearless Catherine of Antoine
duke of
duke of Burgundy Burgundy
(1378-1425) Brabant
(r. 1404-1419)

Jacqueline
of Hainault
(1401-1436)

(1) Catherine
de France
(1428-1446)
(3) Margaret
of York
(1446-1503)

Charles
the Bold
(r. 14671477)

(2) Isabelle
of Bourbon
(d. 1465)

(3) Isabella
of Portugal
(1397-1471)

Jeanne of
Bourbon
(d. 1493)

Eleanor of
Portugal
(1498-1558)

m. (1) Manuel I
king of Portugal
(2) Francis I
king of France

Marie of Guelders
(1325-1399)

m. Renaud of Guelders

Philip I the Fair
king of Castile & Leon

Charles V
(1500-1558)
Holy Roman emperor

Margaret
of Burgundy
(d. 1441)

Charles
archbishop
of Lyons

Margaret of Austria
(1480-1530)

Elisabeth of
Habsburg
(1501-1526)

m. Christian II
king of Denmark
& Norway

Mary of
Burgundy
(d. 1428)

William VI
of Hainault and Holland

Margaret of
Burgundy
(c. 1376-1441)

Jacqueline
of Hainault
(1401-1436)

Philip
duke of Brabant
(r. 1427-1430)

Mary of Burgundy
(c. 1400-1463)

Anne Valois
(c. 1405-1432)

m. Adolf I of Cleves

m. John
duke of Bedford

Peter II (Pierre)
duke of Bourbon

John II
duke of Bourbon

m. Anne
of Beaujeu
(c. 1460-1522)

m. (1) Jeanne of
Bourbon
(1434-1482)
(2) Jane of
Bourbon-Vendome
(d. 1511)

Maximilian I
Holy Roman emperor

Mary of Burgundy
(1457-1482)

Juana la Loca
(1479-1555)

Philip
count
of Nevers

(2) Elizabeth
of Gorlitz
(c. 1380-c. 1444)

John IV of Brabant
(r. 1415-1427)

Philip the Good
duke of Burgundy
(r. 1419-1467)

(1) Michelle Valois
(1394-1422)
(2) Bonne of Artois
(d. 1425)

(1) William IV of Holland
(2) Wenceslas of Bohemia
duke of Luxemburg

Joanna of Brabant
(1322-1406)
duchess of Brabant
(r. 1355-1404)

Philip the Bold
duke of Burgundy
(r. 1363-1404)

Margaret
of Flanders
(1350-1405)

Margaret
of Bavaria
(d. 1424)

Marie of Evreux
(d. 1335)

Agnes of
Burgundy
(d. 1476)

Marie de Bourbon

m. John II
of Calabria

(1) John, dauphin
of France
(2) John IV of Brabant
(3) Humphrey, duke
of Gloucester
(4) Francis of Borselen
Charles I of
Bourbon

Louis
princebishop
of Liege

Catherine
of Bourbon
(d. 1469)

(1) John of Spain
(2) Philibert II of Savoy

Ferdinand I
(d. 1564)
Holy Roman emperor

Mary of Hungary
(1505-1558)

Catherine
(1507-1578)

m. Louis II
king of Hungary

m. John III
king of Portugal

Copyright © 1999 Yorkin Publications

lii

Dictionary of Women Worldwide

FRANCE

T he House of Valois
(1328–1515)
Philip III
king of France
(r. 1270-1285)

(2) Marie of Brabant
(c. 1260-1321)

Margaret of France
(c. 1282-1318)

Philip IV
king of France
(r. 1285-1314)

Joan I of Navarre
(1273-1305)
queen of Navarre
(r. 1274-1305)

(1) Isabella of Aragon
(1243-1271)

Louis
of Evreux

Blanche
of France
(c. 1266-1305)

Charles
(2) Catherine de Courtenay
of Valois
(d. 1307)
(3) Mahaut de Chatillon
(d. 1358)
Jeanne
of Valois
(b. 1304)

Isabelle of Savoy
(d. 1383)

(1) Margaret
of Anjou
(c. 1272-1299)

Blanche of Valois
(b. 1316)

(1) Jeanne
of Burgundy
(1293-1348)

Philip VI
king of France
(r. 1328-1350)

John II
king of France
(r. 1350-1364)

(2) Blanche
of Boulogne
(1326-1360)

(2) Blanche
of Navarre
(1331-1398)

Jeanne
of Valois
(c. 1294-1342)

(1) Bona
of Bohemia
(1315-1349)

Jeanne of Burgundy
(1