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Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale

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Title: Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale  
Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia
Language: English
Subject: Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, George V of Hanover, Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (born 1954), Prince George William of Hanover (1915–2006), British prince
Collection: 1845 Births, 1923 Deaths, Crown Princes of Hanover, Dukes of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Hanoverian Princes, Heirs Apparent Who Never Acceded, House of Hanover, Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, Knights of the Golden Fleece, People from Hanover, People from the Kingdom of Hanover, Princes of the United Kingdom, Recipients of the House Order of the Wendish Crown, Recipients of the Order of the Black Eagle
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Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale

Ernest Augustus
Crown Prince of Hanover
Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
Predecessor George V
Successor Titles revoked
Head of the House of Hanover
Pretence 12 June 1878 – 14 November 1923
Predecessor George V
Successor Ernest Augustus III
Born (1845-09-21)21 September 1845
Hanover
Died 14 November 1923(1923-11-14) (aged 78)
Gmunden
Spouse Princess Thyra of Denmark
Issue Marie Louise, Princess Maximilian of Baden
Prince George William
Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Princess Olga
Prince Christian
Ernest Augustus III, Duke of Brunswick
Full name
Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick
German: Ernst August Wilhelm Adolf Georg Friedrich
House House of Hanover
Father George V of Hanover
Mother Marie of Saxe-Altenburg

Ernst August, Crown Prince of Hanover, Heir of Brunswick, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick; 21 September 1845 – 14 November 1923), was the eldest child and only son of Germany in World War I. Ernst August was the last Hanoverian prince to hold a British royal title and the Order of the Garter. His descendants are in the line of succession to the British throne.

Contents

  • Early life 1
  • Exile 2
  • Succession 3
  • Marriage 4
  • Duchy of Brunswick 5
  • Reconciliation 6
  • War 7
  • Later life 8
  • Titles, styles, honours and arms 9
    • Titles and styles 9.1
    • Arms 9.2
  • Issue 10
  • Ancestry 11
  • Notes 12
  • External links 13

Early life

Queen Marie of Hanover and their children Ernest Augustus, Frederica and Marie.
The young crown prince with his father in the 1860s in "Linden-Hannover"

Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was born at Austria in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War. During that war, the Crown Prince saw action at the Battle of Langensalza.

Exile

After the war, the exiled Hanoverian royal family took up residence in Guelphic Legion at his own expense. The former Crown Prince travelled during this early period of exile.

Succession

When King George V died in Paris on 12 June 1878, Prince Ernst August succeeded him as Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale in the Peerage of Great Britain and Earl of Armagh in the Peerage of Ireland. Queen Victoria created him a Knight of the Garter on 1 August 1878.

Marriage

While visiting his second cousin Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) at Sandringham in 1875, he met Princess Thyra of Denmark (29 September 1853 – 26 February 1933), the youngest daughter of King Christian IX and a sister of the Princess of Wales (later Queen Alexandra).

On 21 December/22 December 1878, he and Princess Thyra married at Copenhagen.

Duchy of Brunswick

Queen Victoria appointed the Duke of Cumberland a colonel in the British Army in 1876[1] and promoted him to major general in 1886, lieutenant general in 1892 and general in 1898. Although he was a British peer and a prince of Great Britain and Ireland, he continued to consider himself an exiled monarch of a German realm and refused to disclaim his succession rights to Hanover, making his home in Gmunden, Upper Austria.

The Duke of Cumberland was also first in the line of succession to the Duchy of Brunswick after his distant cousin, Duke William. In 1879, when it became apparent that the senior line of the House of Welf would die with William, the Brunswick parliament created a council of regency to take over administration of the duchy upon William's death. This council would appoint a regent if the Duke of Cumberland could not ascend the throne. When William died in 1884, the Duke of Cumberland proclaimed himself Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick. However, since he still claimed to be the legitimate King of Hanover as well, the German Reichsrat declared that he would disturb the peace of the empire if he ascended the ducal throne. Under Prussian pressure, the council of regency ignored his claim and appointed Prince Albert of Prussia as regent.

Negotiations between Ernest Augustus and the German government continued for almost three decades, to no avail. During this time, Regent Albert died and Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg was appointed as regent.

Reconciliation

The Duke of Cumberland was partially reconciled with the Hohenzollern dynasty in 1913, when his surviving son, Prince Ernst August, married the only daughter of German Emperor Wilhelm II, the grandson of the Prussian king who had deposed his father. He renounced his succession rights to the Brunswick duchy (which had belonged to the Guelph dynasty since 1235) on 24 October 1913. In exchange, the younger Ernst August became the reigning Duke of Brunswick on 1 November. William II created the elder Ernst August a Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle. In 1918 the younger Duke Ernst August abdicated his throne along with the other German princes when all the German dynasties were disestablished by the successor German provisional Government which was established when the Emperor himself abdicated and fled Germany in exile to the Netherlands.

War

Schloss Cumberland in Gmunden, Austria, built in 1882 as exile seat for Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale

The outbreak of Titles Deprivation Act 1917, on 28 March 1919 his name was removed from the roll of Peers of Great Britain and of Ireland by Order of the King in Council for "bearing arms against Great Britain."

Later life

Prince Ernst August, the former Crown Prince of Hanover and former Duke of Cumberland, died of a stroke on his estate at Gmunden in November 1923.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

  • 21 September 1845–18 November 1851: His Royal Highness Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover and Cumberland
  • 18 November 1851–12 June 1878: His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Hanover (in Pretense after 1866), Prince Ernest Augustus of Cumberland
  • 12 June 1878–28 March 1919: Pretender to the throne of Hanover (as King Ernest Augustus II), His Royal Highness The Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
  • 28 March 1919-14 November 1923: Pretender to the throne of Hanover (as King Ernest Augustus II), Pretender to the Royal Dukedom of Cumberland and Teviotdale (as Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale)

Arms

Until his father's death in 1878, Ernest Augustus' arms in right of the United Kingdom were those of his father (being the arms of the Kingdom of Hanover differenced by a label gules bearing a horse courant argent). Upon his father's death, he inherited his arms.[2]

Issue

Ernest Augustus with family, photographed by Karl Jagerspacher, 1887

The Duke and Duchess of Cumberland had six children.

Name Birth Death Notes
Princess Marie Louise of Hanover 11 October 1879 31 January 1948 married Prince Maximilian of Baden (10 July 1867 – 6 November 1929); had issue
Prince George William of Hanover 28 October 1880 20 May 1912
Princess Alexandra of Hanover 29 September 1882 30 August 1963 married Friedrich Franz IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (9 April 1882 – 17 November 1945)
Princess Olga of Hanover 11 July 1884 21 September 1958
Prince Christian of Hanover 4 July 1885 3 September 1901
Prince Ernst August (III) of Hanover and Cumberland 17 November 1887 30 January 1953 married Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia (13 September 1892 – 11 December 1980)

Ancestry

Notes

  1. ^ The London Gazette: no. 24330. p. 3186. 26 May 1876.
  2. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family

External links

  • Royal House of Hanover and Ducal House of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  • Royal House of Denmark
Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Born: 21 September 1845 Died: 14 November 1923
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by
George 		Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
12 June 1878 – 28 March 1919 		Suspended
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by
George 		Earl of Armagh
12 June 1878 – 28 March 1919 		Suspended
Titles in pretence
Loss of title
 — TITULAR —
Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
28 March 1919 – 14 November 1923 		Succeeded by
Ernest Augustus III
Preceded by
George V 		— TITULAR —
King of Hanover
12 June 1878 – 14 November 1923
Reason for succession failure:
Hanover annexed by Prussia in 1866
Preceded by
William 		— TITULAR —
Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
18 October 1884 - 1 November 1913
Reason for succession failure:
Refused to give up claim to Hanover
Heads of the Hanoverian royal family since 1866
Royal coat of arms of Hanover
See also House of Hanover
Potential claimants of the Dukedom of Cumberland and Teviotdale since 1917 and the Duchy of Brunswick since 1918
1 also prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; 2 also Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale and Earl of Armagh; 3 also Duke of Brunswick until 1913; 4 also Duke of Brunswick until 1918
The generations indicate descent from George I, who formalised the use of the titles prince and princess for members of the British Royal Family.
1st generation
  • King George II
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
6th generation
7th generation
8th generation
9th generation
10th generation
11th generation
12th generation
  • Prince George of Cambridge
1 Not a British prince by birth, but created Prince Consort. 2 Not a British prince by birth, but created a Prince of the United Kingdom. 3 Status debatable; see his article.
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