Conjunctivitis: Causes and tips to prevent this infection of the eyes

Conjunctivitis: Most cases of conjunctivitis are viral, often associated with the same viruses responsible for the common cold or upper respiratory infections (Image: Canva)

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inner surface of the eyelids. It can affect one or both eyes and is typically characterised by symptoms such as redness, itching, tearing, and discharge.

Causes of conjunctivitis:

Conjunctivitis can be caused by various factors, including:

Allergic reactions: Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva becomes inflamed in response to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander.

Bacterial infections: Bacterial conjunctivitis is typically caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae and can result from poor hygiene or contact with contaminated objects.

Irritants: Exposure to irritants like smoke, pollution, or chlorine in swimming pools can also trigger conjunctivitis symptoms.

Viral infections: Most cases of conjunctivitis are viral, often associated with the same viruses responsible for the common cold or upper respiratory infections.

Depending on the cause, treatment may include antiviral or antibiotic medications, anti-inflammatory eye drops, or symptomatic relief with cold compresses.

Preventive tips to avoid Conjunctivitis:

Avoid irritants: Wear protective eyewear, such as goggles, when swimming or engaging in activities that expose your eyes to potential irritants or pollutants.

Do not touch your eyes: Refrain from rubbing or touching your eyes, as this can introduce bacteria or irritants and can exacerbate symptoms.

Identify triggers: Identify and avoid triggers that cause allergic reactions, such as pollen or pet dander. Use over-the-counter antihistamine eye drops or oral medications as directed by a healthcare professional.

Keep contact lenses clean: Follow proper hygiene practices when handling and storing contact lenses to reduce the risk of bacterial or fungal contamination. Replace contact lens cases regularly and avoid wearing lenses while experiencing conjunctivitis symptoms.

Keep distance: During outbreaks of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis, avoid close contact with individuals who are infected to reduce the risk of transmission.

Maintain hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially before touching your eyes or face. Also, avoid sharing towels, pillowcases, or eye makeup to prevent the spread of infection.

Visit your doctor: If you experience persistent or severe conjunctivitis symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.