Pomerania: German or Polish?
Pomerania, also known as Polish Pomorze or German Pommern (from Slavic po, “along,” and morze, “sea”), is a historical region of northeastern Europe located along the Baltic coastal plain between the Oder and the Vistula rivers. From a political perspective, the name also came to refer to the region west of the Oder, including the island of Rügen (Rugia), and extending as far as Stralsund. Although the majority of Pomerania is now in Poland, its westernmost portion is in eastern Germany, as indicated by the state’s name, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania Land. The area is primarily flat, and there are numerous small rivers and lakes along the east coast.
By the fifth century ce, Slavic Pomeranians (Pomorzanie) and Polabs had replaced the Germanic tribes and Celts as the main inhabitants of Pomerania. It was perfected by Mieszko I, Prince of Poland (died 992), and in 1000, Bolesaw I the Brave, his successor, established a diocese in Pomerania with Koobrzeg as its seat. Then, Pomerania and the area to the west, later known as Mecklenburg, were ruled by a local dynasty. In the latter half of the 12th century, German immigrants started arriving in Pomerania’s western and central regions. As a result, the towns and later the nobility and the countryside became more German.
Polish dukes ruled western and central Pomerania (the duchies of Wolgast and Stettin) under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire until the 17th century. When Bogusaw XIV, the last Polish duke who had united them, passed away in 1637 without a heir, the elector of Brandenburg was given these duchies. The Western Pomerania was given to Sweden by the Peace of Westphalia; some of it was given back to Brandenburg-Prussia in 1720, and the remaining portions (Stralsund and Rügen) were taken back by Prussia in 1815. Western and central Pomerania were combined by Prussia into one province known as Pommern.
Meaning of the word “Pomerania”.
Pomerania. / (pmren) / noun. a region of North Central Europe that stretches from Stralsund to the Vistula River along the S coast of the Baltic Sea. It is now primarily in Poland, with a small portion in NE Germany.
- As a Christian missionary, he spread far into Pomerania and converted the Sclavonians.
- At the same time, it must be clear to the reader that the Isle of Rugen, located off the coast of Pomerania, has legitimate claims.
- Some Pomeranian residents who felt they had been unfairly treated by these Corsairs applied to the States for compensation.
Does Pomerania resemble Prussia?
Pomerelia became a part of the Province of West Prussia, while the former Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania and the former Swedish portions were reorganized into the Prussian Province of Pomerania. Both provinces joined the newly formed German Empire in 1871 along with Prussia.
Birth, marriage, death, church and civil registration, compiled family history, and finding aids are all included in this guide to Pomerania (Pommern), German Empire ancestry, family history, and genealogy before 1945.
Many records, including civil registration records and church/parish registers, were lost, damaged, or destroyed in this area of Germany that was ceded to other nations after World War II.
German Counties (Kreise) in Pomerania (Pommern) in 1871 (blue: Regierungsbezirk Stralsund; gold: Regierungsbezirk Stettin; orange: Regierungsbezirk Köslin).
What dubbed the Vikings in Germany?
There were numerous names used by those who came into contact with the North Germanic peoples. The Germans referred to them as Ascomanni (Ashmen), while the Anglo-Saxons called them Dene (Danes) or heathens. Nortmann (Northman), an Old Frankish word, was Latinized as Normanni and then entered Old French as Normands, giving rise to the names of the Normans and of Normandy, which the Vikings conquered from the Franks in the tenth century. The Irish referred to the Norwegian and Danish Vikings as Finn-Gall (White Foreigner) and Dubh-Gall (Black Foreigner), respectively, in the Gaelic language. They were also known as Lochlannaigh (Lake People), and Dubliners called them Ostmen (East-people). Oxmanstown, a neighborhood in central Dublin, gets its name from one of their settlements..
They were referred to as the Rus’ or Rh’s by the Slavs, Finns, Muslims, Byzantines, and other eastern peoples. This name is likely derived from different forms of the root r’s-, i. e. “related to rowing” or coming from the region of Roslagen in east-central Sweden, which is where the majority of the Vikings who traveled to the Slavic lands were originally from. The Arabs of Spain also called them “al-Majus,” or “fire-worshippers,” though they more commonly applied it to the Basques. The North Germanic people in the east came to be known as Varangians (ON: Vringjar, meaning “sworn men”) after the Byzantine bodyguards known as the Varangian Guard, after the Rus established Kievan Rus’ and gradually merged with the Slavic population..
The terms Scandinavians and Norsemen are frequently used to refer to North Germanic peoples in academic circles today. As a result, the term “Scandinavian” is typically used to refer to contemporary North Germanic people, while the term “Norseman” is occasionally used to refer to pre-modern, pagan North Germanic people..
What was the name of Poland among the Vikings?
A stronghold on the Pomeranian coast was known as Jomsborg, or Jomsburg, in a number of medieval Scandinavian sources.
The history of Pomerania from the seventh to the eleventh centuries is covered in Pomerania in the Early Middle Ages.
By the 7th century, the Germanic tribes who had been migrating southward during that time had largely abandoned the region that would later become known as Pomerania. West Slavic tribes made Pomerania their home between 650 and 850 AD. The tribes west of the Oder were referred to as Veleti and later Lutici, while those between the Oder and Vistula were referred to as Pomeranians. The island of Rügen and the nearby mainland were home to the distinct Slavic tribe known as the Rani. Slavic-Scandinavian emporia were established as significant centers of trade and craft along the coastline in the eighth and ninth centuries..
The Billung and Northern marches, separated by the Peene river, were established by the Holy Roman Empire in 936. In an uprising in 983, the Liutician federation regained its independence, but internal strife caused it to fall apart over the course of the 11th century. The short-lived Diocese of Koobrzeg (Kolberg) was established there in 1000 AD after Polish Piasts acquired parts of eastern Pomerania in the late 960s. During the Pomeranian uprising of 1005, the Pomeranians reclaimed their independence. (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, (failed verification), (16, 17, and).
How did Germans fare i
n Pomerania?
The German population that had not yet left was driven out after the post-war border changes. Farther Pomerania (German: Hinterpommern), which is the region east of the Oder, and the Szczecin (Stettin) region were mostly repopulated with Poles. There have been some removals and reconstructions of German cultural heritage. The majority of Western Pomerania remained in East Germany and was later merged with Mecklenburg.
Pomerania joined the communist Eastern Bloc when communism was solidified in East Germany and the People’s Republic of Poland. The 1980s saw the rise of democracy in both the Polish and German portions of Pomerania as a result of the Solidarno movement, which originated in the Polish city of Gdask, and the Wende movement, which was active in East Germany.
The Slavic word po more, which means “land by the sea,” is the origin of the name Pomerania..
Is a Pomeranian a German breed of dog?
The Pomeranian is thought to be a descendant of the German Spitz. It is believed that the breed got its name from the Pomerania region, which is situated along the Baltic Sea in northern Poland and Germany. Although not the place where the breed originated, this region is credited with the breeding that produced the first breed of dog known as a Pomeranian. Prior to the breed’s introduction to the UK, proper documentation was absent..
James Boswell’s Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland contains a diary entry from 2 November 1764 that contains the earliest known reference to the Pomeranian breed. The Frenchman had a Pomeranian dog named Pomer that he adored. A Tour in Scotland, written by Thomas Pennant in 1769, mentions the hybrid offspring of a Pomeranian and a wolf that were produced by a London-based pet trader..
The development of the breed was influenced by two members of the British Royal Family. Two Pomeranians were brought to England in 1767 by Queen Charlotte, the consort of King George III of Great Britain.
What crime occurred in Pomerania in 1939?
Tens of thousands of Polish civilians were killed in the Pomeranian Crime of 1939, which was carried out as part of the Intelligenzaktion. However, German neighbors also killed farmers, workers, and craftsmen as an act of retaliation or greed. Thousands of mentally ill people were murdered in death pits in Pianica, Szpgawsk, Mniszek, and Chojnice in Pomerania, following the Nazi adage that “healthy animals kill the ill ones”. At least 600 Polish citizens of Jewish origin were also murdered as part of the German crime in Pomerania. Before the mechanisms of the Holocaust and genocide were developed in the East after 1941, they were first used on a smaller scale in the occupied Polish territory.
Russians and Germans both make up Prussia.
Actually, no. At its height, Prussia included all of Germany, excluding the southernmost portion, and the majority of modern-day Poland. The kingdom of Prussia was made up of the following states: West Prussia, East Prussia, Brandenburg (including Berlin), Saxony, Pomerania, the Rhineland, Westphalia, non-Austrian Silesia, Lusatia, Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, and Hesse-Nassau.
But historians agree that Prussia existed before there was a single German state. Germany was founded in large part thanks to Prussia’s prime minister Otto Von Bismarck. Bismarck seized territory through wars with Austria and Denmark because he saw a chance to increase Prussian power (and because he dreamed of a single German empire). He also announced the North German Confederation (1867–1871), a new alliance between Prussia and the German states.
No. In 1871, Bismark negotiated a unified German Empire after inciting France to war (which he swiftly won). Up until the German Empire’s fall in 1918 as a result of World War I, Prussia continued to hold the position of dominance.
Currently, where is Prussia?
Location and population. East Prussia, which is now divided into the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship of Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave of Russia, and the Klaipda Region of Lithuania, was originally Prussia’s small initial territory.
At its height (1871–1918), East Prussia (red) was the dominant state of the German Empire and was depicted as a part of the Kingdom of Prussia (blue).
Prussia (Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Old Prussian: Prsa) was most recently a historical state with its roots in Brandenburg, a region that for centuries exerted a significant influence on the history of Germany and Europe. Berlin served as Prussia’s final capital. The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw the height of Prussia’s power. Under Frederick II of Prussia’s (1740–1786) rule, it rose to prominence as a major European power in the eighteenth century. Otto von Bismarck, the German nation’s first-ever prime minister, advocated for the unification of the German principalities into a “Kleindeutsche Lösung” (Lesser Germany) that would exclude the Austrian Empire. Napoleon Bonaparte provided the impetus for reunification because he envisioned unified European states based on the French model. The unification of Germany in 1871, with Prussia serving as the core of the German Empire, came about as the idea of a united Germany (reviving the era of the Holy Roman Empire) gained popularity. Austria-Hungary and France were both harmed by the unification of Germany.
It wasn’t clear for a while who would control the new polity when Austria and Prussia competed to start unification. History might have taken a different turn if Austria had complied rather than being excluded. Despite the autocratic nature of the Habsburg dynasty’s rule, the Empire was beginning to develop democratic institutions by the end of the nineteenth century. Additionally, it was a multi-cultural state that spoke many different languages, including German, Hungarian, Polish, Italian, and others.Prussia, on the other hand, was said to have an ethos known as the “Prussian spirit,” which alludes to its militaristic spirit; Prussia has been described as an army with a country rather than as a country with an army. In Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich, this ethos reemerged. Frederick II of Prussia’s desire to exalt and elevate his country and himself may have contributed to the environment that allowed the Nazi ideology of Germany as a superior and imperial power to flourish.
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