The Plamannsche Erziehungsanstalt (also teaching institution, educational institution, boys' school, institution or institute) was a boarding school for boys in Berlin . The institution of the pedagogue Johann Ernst Plamann (1771–1834), which was founded in 1805, was shaped by the principles of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi , combined with diligent care of gymnastics and physical hardening. It was usually up to Tertia taught -Reife of the high school. In 1830 the institution was closed after 25 years, and in 1838 the asylum for the blind was housed in the empty building .
Locality
The institute was located at the southern end of Berlin's Wilhelmstrasse 139 (on the west side of it). Nothing is left of the former buildings. They were located on the west side of Wilhelmstrasse, south of the Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine , north of what was then Belle-Alliance-Platz (today: Mehringplatz ). The courtyard and garden side adjoined the Berlin customs wall , only separated from it by the Anhalt communication. After the city wall was dismantled (1867), this connecting route became Königgrätzer Strasse together with the route on the outside of the wall. In 1878 a house was built on the garden area under the house number 88. An inscription was put on the facade of this house, reminding of the "Bismarck linden tree" in the garden. Otto von Bismarck was one of the institute's most prominent students. The schoolhouse was rebuilt in the 19th century, then demolished. Before that, it had been acquired by Johann August Zeune as a branch of the institution for the blind. [1] The Königgrätzer road was briefly also Saarlandstraße again today Stresemannstraße ; the former garden is under their current houses number 30 and 32. The building built in 1878 Stresemannstraße 30, after theSocial democratic politician Paul Singer named "Paul-Singer-Haus" on September 11, 2008, has been owned by the SPD since 1998 and since 1999 has been the seat of the Berlin forward publishing company , the publishing house of the party organ Vorwärts and its editorial office, in the Secret Annex is the political Archives of the SPD federal executive committee housed. [2] [3] Wilhelmstraße was swiveled away from Mehringplatz around 1970; the area of the former school building is now under the roadway (north of the Willy-Brandt-Haus ).
history
The foundation in the spirit of the Wars of Liberation
August Neidhardt von Gneisenau already called for a change in the educational landscape in his memorandum of 1803. However, Pestalozzi's new method was only intended to be used on a trial basis in the newly acquired areas of South Prussia . In 1804, Johann Ernst Plamann received state funding with the task of taking in young men in order to train them to be teachers using Pestalozzi's methods. Because Plamann represented the “New Pestalozzianism” according to Niederer, the dispute with Bernhard Moritz Snethlage , who still favored the method of Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Himly , escalated . From a political point of view, one stood by the Prussian educational reformsof Wilhelm von Humboldt , in which the individual is at the center of the educational process was, hostile to greet one of Johann Gottlieb Fichte in his Addresses to the German Nation demanded national education . In the first few years after the establishment, before and during the wars of liberation , the institute “was dominated by a spirit of the freshest courage to live, the most joyful hope, devotional love of the country , the undisputed fear of God and piety and scientific eagerness to learn” [4] wrote Karl Friedrich von Dumplings, in his childhood memories. At Fichte's intercession, a German-minded patriot like Karl Friedrich Friesen was also employed. Together with his patriotic colleagues Friedrich Ludwig Jahn and Ernst Wilhelm Bernhard Eiselen , he founded the bourgeois-patriotic gymnastics movement in those years and made gymnastics lessons a main component of the institution. Not just patriotismand the hostility to French oppression, but also the veneration of the ideas of the Swiss pedagogue Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi were the principles of the teachers at the Plamann Institute. The teaching principle, the elementary method, should stimulate the students' thirst for activity. Intuition and perception should replace mechanical learning by heart and drumming and promote the development of independent thinking. After Plamann had responded to Snethlage's allegations with a polemic, he was invited to the new institute to hold a public disputation. On several evenings in 1812 there were real battles over the correct method of educationheld, but the cohesion of the Pestalozzi teachers grew. This was handed down by Wilhelm Christian Harnisch . Klöden became a member of the German Society for Language and Literature founded by Jahn and Krause and when Friesen went to Breslau at the beginning of 1813 to fight in the Lützow Freikorps , Klöden received his position as a full teacher of form, geometry and mineralogy at Plamann.
The last few years
But the cheerfulness and mutual benevolence between the director, teacher and students, the determining spirit of the founding years, faded after the Napoleonic liberation. The external enemy who had acted as the consensus of national unification was no longer there. Therefore, the of was Friedrich Ludwig Jahn established Germans after the Congress of Vienna and the subsequent first Wartburgfest act consensus stiftend little more. To make matters worse still, that the murderer of August von Kotzebue , Karl Ludwig Sand Turner was and had been in 1818, Jahn in contact. That was what this harmless institution did, as a result of the Carlsbad resolutions, to the refuge of opinion snooping. For the time being, however, the revolutionary interest gave way to a romantic feeling for the Greek Revolution . Plamann, plagued by existential fears about the institution, led the disputes between bourgeois and aristocratic ideas more and more unobjective. The good tutors had already left; Jahn was in custody.
Bismarck
When Otto von Bismarck started school in 1822, the conflict of tension could no longer be bridged and the bond with and among the students was replaced by a rude tone. Bismarck remembers: “I brought with me impressions of German nationality from the gymnastics preschool with Jahn traditions [Plamann], in which I lived from sixth to twelfth years. These remained in the study of theoretical considerations and were not strong enough to eradicate innate Prussian-monarchical feelings. ” [5] The commitment to the national cause also moved during the time of the Restorationa certain hatred of the nobility after himself: "In the Plamann recovery institution, which was set up according to Pestalozzian and Jahnsche principles, the 'von' in front of my name was a disadvantage for my childlike comfort in dealing with classmates and teachers." [6] These hostile, detrimental to the childlike spirit The atmosphere caused Bismarck, like many of his classmates, to feel homesick for the tension-free security at home:
“The Plamann Institute was so located that one could see out into the open field on one side. The city ended at the southwest end of Wilhelmsstrasse. Whenever I saw a team of oxen pulling the furrow out of the window, I always had to cry with longing for Kniephof. "
The institute had become a civil cadet institution, administered on the principle: Praise be for what makes you hard! For the middle classes, in the age of romanticism and the beginning of the educated middle class , the one-sided orientation appeared after physical exercise, too rough. In the years that followed, it was not this practiced attitude, but the still upheld German-national sentiment that made more and more well-to-do aristocratic landowners shy away from entrusting their offspring to Plamann and the bourgeoisie. Instead, these were increasingly taught by private tutors. The orientation of the whole institution had to appear suspect to the terrified, apolitical Biedermeier period. The diverging tendencies within the age ofRestoration , the pre-March period and the Biedermeier period tore the institution apart. However, Bismarck's further life and successful work certainly owe a lot to the child's experience of this tension. Much of his "conviction" originates from this time, when he was perceived as a member of a traditional class; a childlike defiance from which a lifelong resentment against Plamann's educational institution was fed. He confessed to Robert von Keudell in June 1864: "My childhood was spoiled for me in the Plamann Institute, which seemed to me like a prison." [8] Shortly after Bismarck's departure, the year 1830 marked theThe July Revolution and the November Uprising also marked the end of Plamann's educational institution.
Eminent educators
- Wilhelm Christian Harnisch
- Friedrich Fröbel
- Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
- Ernst Wilhelm Bernhard Eiselen
- Karl Friedrich von Klöden
- Johann Ernst Plamann
- Karl Friedrich Friesen
- Jakob Blendermann
Well-known alumni
- Otto von Bismarck - politician, diplomat, lawyer, farmer and first Reich Chancellor
- Ferdinand von Quast - German architect, art historian and the first Prussian state curator since 1843
- Georg Ernst Reimer - Prussian deputy and member of the Berlin city council
- Maximilian von Schwerin-Putzar - parliamentarian and Prussian state minister
literature
- H. v. Bismarck (ed.): Prince Bismarck's letters to his bride and wife . Stuttgart 1900.
- Ernst Engelberg : Bismarck. Original Prussians and founders of the empire . Akademie-Verlag XVI, Berlin (GDR) 1985.
- Lothar Gall : Bismarck - The white revolutionary . 2nd Edition. Ullstein, 2002, ISBN 3-548-26515-4 .
- Heinz Wolters (ed.): Otto von Bismarck - documents of his life . Leipzig 1986.
- Otto von Bismarck: The collected works . Berlin (Friedrichsruher edition; 1924–1935).
- Otto von Bismarck: Thoughts and Memories . Essen 1998, ISBN 3-88851-156-9 .
- Bismarck's letter to his mother. In: Die Zeit , No. 5/2001
- Bismarck longed for rural peace in Berlin . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 30, 1998; speculates about Bismarck's aversion to Berlin.
- How geniuses cope with school . In: Die Zeit , No. 27/1974 (read there instead of Wittston: " Winston Churchill ")
Weblinks
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hainer Weißpflug: A riddle about Rothenburg? In: Berlin monthly journal ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 2, 1999, ISSN 0944-5560 , p. 12 ( luise-berlin.de - Testamentary Foundation for the Berlin Blind).
- ↑ 150 years of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD): Paul Singer House in Berlin
- ↑ Barbara Hendricks : A bit of satisfaction . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. vorwärts.de, speech by the SPD treasurer on the occasion of the naming.
- ^ Karl Friedrich von Klöden: Jugenderinnerungen . Edited by Max Jähns, Leipzig 1874, p. 303
- ↑ Otto von Bismarck: Thoughts and Memories . Essen 1998, p. 5
- ↑ Otto von Bismarck: Thoughts and Memories . Essen 1998, p. 10
- ^ Edited by Heinz Wolters, Leipzig 1986, p. 34
- ^ Otto von Bismarck: The collected works (Friedrichsruher edition). Berlin 1924-1935, Volume 7, p. 88
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 1.7 ″ N , 13 ° 23 ′ 15.8 ″ E