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Kara Kush
Adam, convinced that a resistance movement is imperative, rallies his followers, the ill-equipped patriots, to fight back. Idries Shah, the author of this gripping story, is the best-known Afghan writer of our time. His books on Sufism, philosophy, history, and travel, are known the world over. Shah was the descendant of a thousand-year-old Afghan family, and an author and teacher who found success explaining the East to the West. Kara Kush, first published in 1986, is his only a fascinating adventure in which a gifted writer set out to inform the world about Afghan society, history, and culture. According to interviews with Shah, the novel is based on fact and eyewitness accounts.
575 pages, Hardcover
First published May 1, 1986
About the author
Idries Shah
488 books412 followersIdries Shah (Persian: ادریس شاه), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayed Idries el-Hashimi (Arabic: سيد إدريس هاشمي), was an author and teacher in the Sufi tradition who wrote over three dozen critically acclaimed books on topics ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies.
Born in India, the descendant of a family of Afghan nobles, Shah grew up mainly in England. His early writings centred on magic and witchcraft. In 1960 he established a publishing house, Octagon Press, producing translations of Sufi classics as well as titles of his own. His most seminal work was The Sufis, which appeared in 1964 and was well received internationally. In 1965, Shah founded the Institute for Cultural Research, a London-based educational charity devoted to the study of human behaviour and culture. A similar organisation, the Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge (ISHK), exists in the United States, under the directorship of Stanford University psychology professor Robert Ornstein, whom Shah appointed as his deputy in the U.S.
In his writings, Shah presented Sufism as a universal form of wisdom that predated Islam. Emphasising that Sufism was not static but always adapted itself to the current time, place and people, he framed his teaching in Western psychological terms. Shah made extensive use of traditional teaching stories and parables, texts that contained multiple layers of meaning designed to trigger insight and self-reflection in the reader. He is perhaps best known for his collections of humorous Mulla Nasrudin stories.
Shah was at times criticised by orientalists who questioned his credentials and background. His role in the controversy surrounding a new translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, published by his friend Robert Graves and his older brother Omar Ali-Shah, came in for particular scrutiny. However, he also had many notable defenders, chief among them the novelist Doris Lessing. Shah came to be recognised as a spokesman for Sufism in the West and lectured as a visiting professor at a number of Western universities. His works have played a significant part in presenting Sufism as a secular, individualistic form of spiritual wisdom.
Idries Shah's books on Sufism achieved considerable critical acclaim. He was the subject of a BBC documentary ("One Pair of Eyes") in 1969, and two of his works (The Way of the Sufi and Reflections) were chosen as "Outstanding Book of the Year" by the BBC's "The Critics" programme. Among other honours, Shah won six first prizes at the UNESCO World Book Year in 1973, and the Islamic scholar James Kritzeck, commenting on Shah's Tales of the Dervishes, said that it was "beautifully translated".
The reception of Shah's movement was also marked by much controversy. Some orientalists were hostile, in part because Shah presented classical Sufi writings as tools for self-development to be used by contemporary people, rather than as objects of historical study. L. P. Elwell-Sutton from Edinburgh University, Shah's fiercest critic, described his books as "trivial", replete with errors of fact, slovenly and inaccurate translations and even misspellings of Oriental names and words – "a muddle of platitudes, irrelevancies and plain mumbo-jumbo", adding for good measure that Shah had "a remarkable opinion of his own importance". Expressing amusement and amazement at the "sycophantic manner" of Shah's interlocutors in a BBC radio interview, Elwell-Sutton concluded that some Western intellectuals were "so desperate to find answers to the questions that baffle them, that, confronted with wisdom from 'the mysterious East,' they abandon their critical faculties and submit to brainwashing of the crudest kind". To Elwell-Sutton, Shah's Sufism belonged to the realm of "Pseudo-Sufism", "centred not on God but on man."
Doris Lessing, one of Shah's greatest defenders,stated in a 1981 interview: "I found Sufism as taught by Idries Shah, which claim
Born in India, the descendant of a family of Afghan nobles, Shah grew up mainly in England. His early writings centred on magic and witchcraft. In 1960 he established a publishing house, Octagon Press, producing translations of Sufi classics as well as titles of his own. His most seminal work was The Sufis, which appeared in 1964 and was well received internationally. In 1965, Shah founded the Institute for Cultural Research, a London-based educational charity devoted to the study of human behaviour and culture. A similar organisation, the Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge (ISHK), exists in the United States, under the directorship of Stanford University psychology professor Robert Ornstein, whom Shah appointed as his deputy in the U.S.
In his writings, Shah presented Sufism as a universal form of wisdom that predated Islam. Emphasising that Sufism was not static but always adapted itself to the current time, place and people, he framed his teaching in Western psychological terms. Shah made extensive use of traditional teaching stories and parables, texts that contained multiple layers of meaning designed to trigger insight and self-reflection in the reader. He is perhaps best known for his collections of humorous Mulla Nasrudin stories.
Shah was at times criticised by orientalists who questioned his credentials and background. His role in the controversy surrounding a new translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, published by his friend Robert Graves and his older brother Omar Ali-Shah, came in for particular scrutiny. However, he also had many notable defenders, chief among them the novelist Doris Lessing. Shah came to be recognised as a spokesman for Sufism in the West and lectured as a visiting professor at a number of Western universities. His works have played a significant part in presenting Sufism as a secular, individualistic form of spiritual wisdom.
Idries Shah's books on Sufism achieved considerable critical acclaim. He was the subject of a BBC documentary ("One Pair of Eyes") in 1969, and two of his works (The Way of the Sufi and Reflections) were chosen as "Outstanding Book of the Year" by the BBC's "The Critics" programme. Among other honours, Shah won six first prizes at the UNESCO World Book Year in 1973, and the Islamic scholar James Kritzeck, commenting on Shah's Tales of the Dervishes, said that it was "beautifully translated".
The reception of Shah's movement was also marked by much controversy. Some orientalists were hostile, in part because Shah presented classical Sufi writings as tools for self-development to be used by contemporary people, rather than as objects of historical study. L. P. Elwell-Sutton from Edinburgh University, Shah's fiercest critic, described his books as "trivial", replete with errors of fact, slovenly and inaccurate translations and even misspellings of Oriental names and words – "a muddle of platitudes, irrelevancies and plain mumbo-jumbo", adding for good measure that Shah had "a remarkable opinion of his own importance". Expressing amusement and amazement at the "sycophantic manner" of Shah's interlocutors in a BBC radio interview, Elwell-Sutton concluded that some Western intellectuals were "so desperate to find answers to the questions that baffle them, that, confronted with wisdom from 'the mysterious East,' they abandon their critical faculties and submit to brainwashing of the crudest kind". To Elwell-Sutton, Shah's Sufism belonged to the realm of "Pseudo-Sufism", "centred not on God but on man."
Doris Lessing, one of Shah's greatest defenders,stated in a 1981 interview: "I found Sufism as taught by Idries Shah, which claim
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Displaying 1 - 27 of 27 reviews
February 16, 2019
It has been written that this is a bad novel, but a good read. That there are too many characters in ‘Kara Kush’ with the main ones underdeveloped. That Shah took liberties with his portrayal of Afghanistan, and of the events which took place during the Russian-Afghan War, which started in 1979 and lasted for a decade. That the novel was unfair to the Russians. All of the above can be justified if you approach ‘Kara Kush’ with conventional expectations of what a novel should be, and, specifically, what a war novel should be.
I am no expert on war novels, but I found Idries Shah’s account of the weapons and tactics deployed very authentic. He does not flinch from describing the awful carnage which resulted from the ever more devastating battles. Even in the opening chapters there are shocks. For me the first was the use of a biological agent to attack Afghan villages. Then a different type of shock – Russian rank-and-file soldiers suffered from night blindness because of their atrocious diet. This is definitely not a book glorifying war.
Who is the main character? At first you assume it is Adam Durrani, whose nom-de-guerre is Kara Kush, or The Eagle, a commander of genius with the ability to unite people from all the disparate Afghan tribes. Then, when he retreats into the background, or disappears for lengthy periods, it occurs to you that it is Afghanistan, or Aryana as she was known in ancient times, who plays the central role. We see her in the fiercely independent ethnic groups, whose lives are inextricably linked to the landscapes they inhabit, and who still bear the imprint of their histories. The Israelites, Alexander the Great, Zoroaster, Ghengis Khan, the Buddha and the Arabs have all contributed to the Afghan physique and psyche.
You see in Aryana people who have learned to think for themselves, whose reactions are unexpected, even astonishing, whose unity arises organically from a common purpose. Her adversary, Nikolai – the Soviet Army – resorts to conditioning individuals, sometimes very subtly, and teaching them to follow rules blindly. When confronted with the unexpected the Russian soldier shows bewilderment. What is at stake for Aryana in opposing the invasion by Nikolai is nothing less than her Soul.
In Book IV, Chapter 3 of the novel, Hasan Mirza, Treasurer of Stories, summarises Attar’s ‘Parliament of Birds’. When he is asked if the story is a good omen, he replies:
‘It speaks of man, of course, and of the fact that it is the unity of human souls which totals absolute divinity and truth, from which we are ordinarily separated.’
What has a storyteller in a bazaar at Peshawar, in Pakistan to do with the Russian-Afghan War? The American poet, Coleman Barks, when asked why the Iranian poet, Rumi’s writing was so effective, replied that there are major streamings in consciousness, fana and baka.
‘Arabic words that refer to the play and intersection of life with the divine… By letting these two conditions, fana and baka, flow and exist simultaneously in his poetry, Rumi is saying that they are one thing, the core of a true human being, which he was, and out of which the poems are spoken. This is how alive his model of the human psyche is, where the secular and sacred are always mingling, the mystic and the ordinary, dream vision and street life.’
I am sure fana and baka exist simultaneously in ‘Kara Kush’.
I am no expert on war novels, but I found Idries Shah’s account of the weapons and tactics deployed very authentic. He does not flinch from describing the awful carnage which resulted from the ever more devastating battles. Even in the opening chapters there are shocks. For me the first was the use of a biological agent to attack Afghan villages. Then a different type of shock – Russian rank-and-file soldiers suffered from night blindness because of their atrocious diet. This is definitely not a book glorifying war.
Who is the main character? At first you assume it is Adam Durrani, whose nom-de-guerre is Kara Kush, or The Eagle, a commander of genius with the ability to unite people from all the disparate Afghan tribes. Then, when he retreats into the background, or disappears for lengthy periods, it occurs to you that it is Afghanistan, or Aryana as she was known in ancient times, who plays the central role. We see her in the fiercely independent ethnic groups, whose lives are inextricably linked to the landscapes they inhabit, and who still bear the imprint of their histories. The Israelites, Alexander the Great, Zoroaster, Ghengis Khan, the Buddha and the Arabs have all contributed to the Afghan physique and psyche.
You see in Aryana people who have learned to think for themselves, whose reactions are unexpected, even astonishing, whose unity arises organically from a common purpose. Her adversary, Nikolai – the Soviet Army – resorts to conditioning individuals, sometimes very subtly, and teaching them to follow rules blindly. When confronted with the unexpected the Russian soldier shows bewilderment. What is at stake for Aryana in opposing the invasion by Nikolai is nothing less than her Soul.
In Book IV, Chapter 3 of the novel, Hasan Mirza, Treasurer of Stories, summarises Attar’s ‘Parliament of Birds’. When he is asked if the story is a good omen, he replies:
‘It speaks of man, of course, and of the fact that it is the unity of human souls which totals absolute divinity and truth, from which we are ordinarily separated.’
What has a storyteller in a bazaar at Peshawar, in Pakistan to do with the Russian-Afghan War? The American poet, Coleman Barks, when asked why the Iranian poet, Rumi’s writing was so effective, replied that there are major streamings in consciousness, fana and baka.
‘Arabic words that refer to the play and intersection of life with the divine… By letting these two conditions, fana and baka, flow and exist simultaneously in his poetry, Rumi is saying that they are one thing, the core of a true human being, which he was, and out of which the poems are spoken. This is how alive his model of the human psyche is, where the secular and sacred are always mingling, the mystic and the ordinary, dream vision and street life.’
I am sure fana and baka exist simultaneously in ‘Kara Kush’.
March 9, 2019
An exciting and informative genuine war story, based on real events and people known to the author. While the horrors of war are included it also shows that 'great deeds' are still possible during conflict. There's also a lot of explanation regarding Afghanistan and the Afghan weaved into the text. If you're going to read a 'war' book, read this one.
September 3, 2019
Idries Shah used eye witness testimony from freedom fighters, refugees and relatives to pen his gripping novel of Afghan courage, independence and struggle against Soviet tyranny. Most of its remarkable and dastardly characters actually existed. Kara Kush dramatizes a turning point in modern history still playing out today. It familiarizes us with Afghanistan and its diverse peoples. It details how small, independent, adaptable groups used optimism, creativity and clear thinking to jointly bring down the Soviet Union. It also hints at something mysterious, an unexpected resource that may spring to our aid when truly needed. Perhaps all this indicates how a deadly and apparently insurmountable problem can elicit what’s necessary to address it. Like most of Shah’s work there’s more to Kara Kush than meets the eye. It is a book about us: our pitfalls and our limitless possibilities. I loved it!
April 7, 2019
I read this book when it was first published in 1987, and then it was a story of heroism and villainy and fierce independence and gold treasure and adventure and war…and especially of hope. I loved it. The story, the characters—all based on real people and incidents—really made me hope that the Afghans could beat the invading Russians and drive them out of the country. And they did! The Afghans triumphed against extraordinary odds and the Russians left! And even…as actually predicted by characters in the book, "Afghanistan is where Empires die, Nikolai!" …the Soviet Empire itself fell. The Nobel Peace Prize did not save it from the truth of what it was.
And then…the world's other great superpower decided to kick this tiny nation when they were down. For fifteen more years they have been outnumbered, outweaponed, betrayed…and still these heroes fight.
Now I've re-read KARA KUSH, and now it reads very differently for me. Now it seems to me that the author could foresee a different possible future than the one he hoped and worked for. Now I feel that the book is actually a deeply passionate love letter to his country, chronicling in loving despair all its stunning physical beauty, its fiercely wonderful and varied people, its unique character and nature, against the day all that might be lost. That he wanted to make a record: this is what we were. Now, heartbreaking as it is, I can't put the book down. I keep re-reading the descriptions of beautiful valleys and magnificent people, the rich variety of tribal people and areas--a magical land--and I tear up each time.
It's a great adventure story, it has descriptions of battle so convincing it seems clear the author was actually there, it has a mountain of gold, it has flawed but fiercely noble heroes, and villains and evil too grotesque to be anything but true-to-life…but the real heart of the story is Afghanistan, the author's Beloved. An utterly heartbreaking read.
And then…the world's other great superpower decided to kick this tiny nation when they were down. For fifteen more years they have been outnumbered, outweaponed, betrayed…and still these heroes fight.
Now I've re-read KARA KUSH, and now it reads very differently for me. Now it seems to me that the author could foresee a different possible future than the one he hoped and worked for. Now I feel that the book is actually a deeply passionate love letter to his country, chronicling in loving despair all its stunning physical beauty, its fiercely wonderful and varied people, its unique character and nature, against the day all that might be lost. That he wanted to make a record: this is what we were. Now, heartbreaking as it is, I can't put the book down. I keep re-reading the descriptions of beautiful valleys and magnificent people, the rich variety of tribal people and areas--a magical land--and I tear up each time.
It's a great adventure story, it has descriptions of battle so convincing it seems clear the author was actually there, it has a mountain of gold, it has flawed but fiercely noble heroes, and villains and evil too grotesque to be anything but true-to-life…but the real heart of the story is Afghanistan, the author's Beloved. An utterly heartbreaking read.
June 28, 2022
There is a new edition of Kara Kush soon to be out.
'In December of 1979, Soviet tanks rolled across the borders of Afghanistan, beginning a period of barbaric aggression that triggered a turning point in modern history. Idries Shah´s brilliant novel chronicles the courageous 10-year resistance of the Afghan people, an epic story of triumph over tyranny that deserves to be immortalized.
Kara Kush is the definitive story of freedom fighters. It is a story of patriotism-in-action, mobilized and fueled not by a mass-media propaganda machine, or the charisma of a single individual, but by a thousands-of-years-old tradition of proud independence, deep love of one´s land, and fierce will to survive.
Kara Kush was first published in 1986, at a time when most of the outside world dismissed the Afghan resistance as a rag-tag lot of rival guerilla factions in a futile holdout against an invincible military machine. With extraordinary insight into human nature and the course of human history, Kara Kush told the real story.
According to Shah, almost all of the people in the text of the novel actually exist or did.
The accounts of battles and raids, precise military details, and the stories of Soviet and red Afghan atrocities were all from primary sources eye witnesses, participants, defectors, victims, and prisoners.
This remarkable book, among all other sources, offers keys to understanding not only this important strategic region, but the very phase in world history in which we find ourselves today. Much more than a novel, even more than a tribute, Kara Kush stands as a model of human vision, leadership, cooperation, and capacity at a time when we need it most.'
'I collected this material from freedom fighters, some of them my own relatives, from refugees, and from men and women, fighting shoulder to shoulder, from all over Afghanistan.'
—Idries Shah
'In December of 1979, Soviet tanks rolled across the borders of Afghanistan, beginning a period of barbaric aggression that triggered a turning point in modern history. Idries Shah´s brilliant novel chronicles the courageous 10-year resistance of the Afghan people, an epic story of triumph over tyranny that deserves to be immortalized.
Kara Kush is the definitive story of freedom fighters. It is a story of patriotism-in-action, mobilized and fueled not by a mass-media propaganda machine, or the charisma of a single individual, but by a thousands-of-years-old tradition of proud independence, deep love of one´s land, and fierce will to survive.
Kara Kush was first published in 1986, at a time when most of the outside world dismissed the Afghan resistance as a rag-tag lot of rival guerilla factions in a futile holdout against an invincible military machine. With extraordinary insight into human nature and the course of human history, Kara Kush told the real story.
According to Shah, almost all of the people in the text of the novel actually exist or did.
The accounts of battles and raids, precise military details, and the stories of Soviet and red Afghan atrocities were all from primary sources eye witnesses, participants, defectors, victims, and prisoners.
This remarkable book, among all other sources, offers keys to understanding not only this important strategic region, but the very phase in world history in which we find ourselves today. Much more than a novel, even more than a tribute, Kara Kush stands as a model of human vision, leadership, cooperation, and capacity at a time when we need it most.'
'I collected this material from freedom fighters, some of them my own relatives, from refugees, and from men and women, fighting shoulder to shoulder, from all over Afghanistan.'
—Idries Shah
March 23, 2019
This is an authentic work of fiction about the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and the mujahedeen resistance against it, that draws from the author’s personal observations, experiences and knowledge about the country. Shah’s family have deep connections to Afghanistan going back many centuries, and the author actually travelled to the area during the war and experienced the conflict for himself. The narrative is fast-moving, nuanced, and incredibly detailed, all of which has the effect of making you feel as if you’re right there in the centre of the action with the main characters.
October 9, 2008
I read this book a long time ago - way before 9/11, but I'm not sure exactly when. It made such a strong impression on me that the knowledge I gleaned about Afghanistan from it feels like stuff that I have "always" known. Every time the topic of Afghanistan comes up in the news (more and more frequently these days)I am reminded of it. It's a great read, with action, intrigue and an exotic background. It's heartbreaking and exhilarating. Highly recommended.
July 3, 2019
The horror of war plainly in view. Especially the horror of a war brought about by insane aggression and greed. The events described are reliably said to be a matter of facts dressed as fiction; extra dimensions added by the stories within stories. Stories embedded in incidents.
If it is never mind all that. Then let it be, as it is...an exciting thrilling read. No wonder it was a best seller in 1987. And, and given the rise of oligarchs not at all outdated.
If it is never mind all that. Then let it be, as it is...an exciting thrilling read. No wonder it was a best seller in 1987. And, and given the rise of oligarchs not at all outdated.
September 5, 2021
I found this novel thrilling when I read it not long after its publication. What I didn't realize at the time was that the book glorifies the narrow-minded Islamic fundamentalists who were initially supported by the US as "The Mujaheddin," and who later morphed into The Taliban, ISIS, and other such groups.
I'm not sure what moved the otherwise insightful Idries Shah to pen this novel, whose hero seems to be based on Osama Bin Laden, as I recall. From my perspective, it's a blot in an otherwise excellent oeuvre.
I'm not sure what moved the otherwise insightful Idries Shah to pen this novel, whose hero seems to be based on Osama Bin Laden, as I recall. From my perspective, it's a blot in an otherwise excellent oeuvre.
March 4, 2019
A totally gripping adventure story, but one that is perhaps more truthful than a simply factual account could be. This is an inside history of the Russian invasion of Afghanistan and the gradual build up of the resistance groups, told through the personal stories of a wide variety of people, each vividly presented, with a wealth of enlightening detail. Highly recommended.
August 17, 2018
dull ending
April 30, 2019
A great action story about Afghanistan and much more.
April 16, 2019
This crazy, audacious and "novel" novel about the Afghans fight against Russian occupation is a dizzying mix of characters, plots, battle and hidden Shangri Las. Its irony leaves one with a smirk, yet it also feels and seems like a grand metaphor the battle of life. The ending is.... to be read.
September 15, 2014
The book is a fascinating and complex story of one of the groups of Afghan mujahidin fighting against the Russians occupying Afghanistan in the mid 1980's. The occupation has been going on for some time, and disparate groups of tribal villagers, rural warlords and deserters from the communist Afghan army are raiding, sabotaging and assassinating the Russian military at every possible opportunity.
The end of the conflict is still years away - the book was written in 1985 - and the sense of immediacy is intense. The descriptions of the actions and the character of the Russian troops are pretty horrifying, and the descriptions of the Afghan countryside and the rich variety of tribal characters are pretty idyllic, but that's not surprising considering that Shah was writing about his country in the midst of this brutal conflict.
The action and the descriptions of the country and its people make the book well worth reading.
The end of the conflict is still years away - the book was written in 1985 - and the sense of immediacy is intense. The descriptions of the actions and the character of the Russian troops are pretty horrifying, and the descriptions of the Afghan countryside and the rich variety of tribal characters are pretty idyllic, but that's not surprising considering that Shah was writing about his country in the midst of this brutal conflict.
The action and the descriptions of the country and its people make the book well worth reading.
February 17, 2016
We didn't know much about Afghanistan in 1986; certainly not what we have experienced now. What we did know was that the country was dealing with the invasion by the Soviets. In 1986 this was considered a very important book about this place and this event. The book was very well reviewed.
Looking back from 2008, I don't remember a lot of the details but I do remember the sense of the place, the people who (even then) had hardly known anything but war, poverty, and struggle. It would be interesting to read this again since it very likely tells stories of the beginnings of Taliban and what grew out of it. I do remember that it was not easy to read.
Looking back from 2008, I don't remember a lot of the details but I do remember the sense of the place, the people who (even then) had hardly known anything but war, poverty, and struggle. It would be interesting to read this again since it very likely tells stories of the beginnings of Taliban and what grew out of it. I do remember that it was not easy to read.
March 2, 2019
A totally gripping adventure story, but one that is perhaps more truthful than a simply factual account could be. This is an inside history of the Russian invasion of Afghanistan and the gradual build up of the resistance groups, told through the personal stories of a wide variety of people, each vividly presented, with a wealth of enlightening detail. Highly recommended.
December 30, 2007
i love the author, i love the topic. book snob level is nil however, its on par with tom clancy, but Shah is a master of hidden lessons. anyone interested is shah should have a copy, if only to madden themselves with searching for hidden meaning.
October 4, 2011
Before the Americans went into Afghanistan, the Soviet forces were there. Here the Afghan resistance are the good guys , freedom fighters, trying to liberate their beautiful mountain country from the Soviet occupation.
September 9, 2012
I received a copy of this book years ago for free. It was included in an order of other Idries Shah books that I got from ISHK, long before the USA entered into a war in Afganistan and shortly before Shah's death. I almost wonder if it was one last lesson he was sending out before his death.
December 4, 2014
This was a great read. I couldn't put it down. It's about the mujahidin in Afghanistan at the start of the uprising against Soviet invaders in the 80s. It's a great adventure as well as an insightful look at the indomitable Afghan resistance.
July 8, 2019
The only novel I know of set in Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion. Worth reading just for that.
September 10, 2016
Fantastic book that always kept me on the edge. Still, a less than favorable ending...
October 2, 2014
Engrossing intro to the culture and history
January 4, 2015
This must the 4-5 time read this book would love to find more of this writers books as he writes of the Afghanistan I knew
January 12, 2015
Excellent account of the historical culture that influences Afghanistan.
February 7, 2015
In depth look at a troubled area of the world, constantly boiling with tension. Author well versed in historical drama and customs.
Displaying 1 - 27 of 27 reviews