Phone has factory reset and needs password to unlock

@Lmcroston 

As @OttoPylot says, you provide that password. It's the password to your account when you originally set the phone up.

Unless you are not the original owner.

If that's the case, then you came up against the FRP - Factory Reset Protection.  The phone is tied to a Google account and that password must be provided even through a factory reset. Otherwise, if it's stolen, a thief could just do a wipe or a factory reset and use it as their own.

If you aren't the original owner, but legitimately acquired it, then contact the original owner and get the password from them. Re-log into the Google account and then you can remove the account from the phone. Then, you can set it up as your own. 

If it was bought through a reseller - online or otherwise - contact their support. Maybe they know the original owner. But that's unlikely as they usually just get the devices from places unknown and pawn them off to unsuspecting buyers. If that's what happened, then return the phone and get your money back. If they won't honor a return and refund, then toss the phone away.

Either way, you aren't getting past the FRP.