The Meaning Behind The Song: “Less Than Zero” by Elvis Costello
Elvis Costello’s “Less Than Zero” was originally released as a single in 1977. The song is often interpreted as a political commentary on the rise of British fascism and the National Front, a far-right political party in the UK at the time. However, the true meaning behind the song is much more complex than that.
The Political Context
At the time of its release, the UK was in the midst of a cultural and political upheaval. A wave of social unrest characterized by strikes, urban decay, and race riots contributed to a polarized and uncertain political climate. The National Front, who openly expressed racist and xenophobic views, was gaining support from disillusioned working-class voters. Against this backdrop, “Less Than Zero” was seen by many as an attack on the National Front and their ideology.
Deconstructing The Lyrics
The song’s lyrics are full of cultural references, invectives and esotericism that make it difficult to decipher. The title “Less Than Zero” derives from a 1961 novel by Brett Easton Ellis, a satire on the decadence and amorality of the affluent youth in Los Angeles in the 1980s. However, Costello’s use of the title is more likely intended to signify a state of moral decay or nihilism.
The song’s lyrics are full of allusions to popular culture. One line, “A knighthood for services rendered, a recent birthday honours list” refers to the UK’s system of honours, awards and knighthoods conferred by the monarch. The line implies that someone has been rewarded despite morally questionable behavior.
The lyrics also mock other public figures, such as Winston Churchill, who is portrayed as a “dodgy dealer.” This highlights the narrator’s disdain for the hypocrisy and dishonesty that is rampant in politics.
The True Meaning of “Less Than Zero”
Despite the interpretations of “Less Than Zero” that emerged at the time of its release, its true meaning is more ambiguous. Costello himself has suggested that the song is not explicitly about the National Front nor an endorsement of any political ideology. Instead, it is a meditation on human evil, the spiritual bankruptcy of modern society, and the deceits and illusions that underlie our lives.
The Song as Social Critique
Regardless of its true meaning, “Less Than Zero” remains a trenchant critique of the societal malaise and political unrest of the time. The song is a reminder of the power of art and music to engage with and challenge the political and cultural status quo.
FAQs
1. Was Elvis Costello a political artist?
Costello has never considered himself as a political artist, rather as an observer of the world around him. His songs often deal with social and political issues but he has never aligned himself with a particular political ideology or party.
2. Did Elvis Costello support the National Front?
No, Costello never supported the National Front or any form of fascism. He was critical of the rise of far-right movements like the National Front and used his music to challenge their ideology.
3. What was the public reaction to “Less Than Zero”?
The song stirred up controversy when it was released due to its ambiguous lyrics and references to the National Front. Some people interpreted it as a pro-fascist song while others saw it as a critique of the movement. In the end, the song’s true meaning remains open to interpretation.
4. Did “Less Than Zero” have any impact on the UK music scene?
Yes, “Less Than Zero” was one of the key songs that helped usher in the punk and new wave movements in the UK. The song’s raw energy and political commentary were influential in shaping the music scene at the time.
5. What role did Costello play in the rise of punk rock in the UK?
Costello was one of the key figures of the punk and new wave movements in the UK. His music, along with that of bands like The Sex Pistols and The Clash, helped to shape the sound and aesthetic of the punk genre.
6. What other songs did Costello write that dealt with political or social issues?
Costello’s discography is full of songs that deal with political and social issues. Some of his most notable include “Oliver’s Army,” which critiques British imperialism, and “Shipbuilding,” which addresses the human cost of the Falklands War.
7. What themes and motifs are present in “Less Than Zero”?
“Less Than Zero” deals with themes of moral decay, nihilism, and the deceits and illusions that underlie modern society. It also features cultural references to pop culture icons and political figures.
8. How has the interpretation of “Less Than Zero” changed over time?
At the time of its release “Less Than Zero” was often interpreted as a critique of the National Front. However, as time has passed, Costello has pushed back against this interpretation and emphasized the song’s true meaning as an exploration of the human condition.
9. What influence did Costello have on music in the UK?
Costello was one of the key figures in shaping the UK’s punk and new wave movements. His music was influential in developing the scene and inspiring a new generation of artists.
10. How did Costello’s political views shape his music?
Costello’s music has always been informed by his political views, which are often left-leaning. He has used his music to critique social and political issues and to challenge the status quo.
11. Was “Less Than Zero” a hit song?
“Less Than Zero” was not a commercial success upon its release, but it quickly became a cult classic and remains a celebrated track in Costello’s discography.
12. Why is “Less Than Zero” considered a seminal punk rock song?
“Less Than Zero” is considered a seminal punk rock song because of its raw energy and political commentary. It was a key track in the development of the punk and new wave movements in the UK and helped to inspire a new generation of artists.
