Why in news?

OpenAI introduced its latest large language model (LLM) called GPT-4o, terming it as their fastest and most powerful AI model so far. The company claims that the new model will make ChatGPT smarter and easier to use. Until now, OpenAI’s most advanced LLM was the GPT-4, which was only available to paid users. However, the GPT-4o will be freely available.

What’s in today’s article?

• Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs)
• ChatGPT
• Large Language Model (LLM)
• GPT-4o

Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs)

• GPTs are a type of large language model (LLM) that use transformer neural networks to generate human-like text.
• GPTs are trained on large amounts of unlabelled text data from the internet, enabling them to understand and generate coherent and contextually relevant text.
• They can be fine-tuned for specific tasks like: Language generation, Sentiment analysis, Language modelling, Machine translation, Text classification.
• GPTs use self-attention mechanisms to focus on different parts of the input text during each processing step.
• This allows GPT models to capture more context and improve performance on natural language processing (NLP) tasks.
  • NLP is the ability of a computer program to understand human language as it is spoken and written -- referred to as natural language.

Large Language Models (LLMs)

• Large language models use deep learning techniques to process large amounts of text.
• They work by processing vast amounts of text, understanding the structure and meaning, and learning from it.
• LLMs are trained to identify meanings and relationships between words.
• The greater the amount of training data a model is fed, the smarter it gets at understanding and producing text.
  • The training data is usually large datasets, such as Wikipedia, OpenWebText, and the Common Crawl Corpus.
  • These contain large amounts of text data, which the models use to understand and generate natural language.

ChatGPT

• ChatGPT is a state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) model developed by OpenAI.
• It is a variant of the popular GPT-3 (Generative Pertained Transformer 3) model, which has been trained on a massive amount of text data to generate human-like responses to a given input.
• The answers provided by this chatbot are intended to be technical and free of jargon.
• It can provide responses that sound like human speech, enabling natural dialogue between the user and the virtual assistant.

GPT-4o

• About
  • GPT-4o (“o” stands for “Omni”) is considered a groundbreaking AI model designed to make interactions between humans and computers better.
  • It allows people to input text, audio, or images and get responses in those same formats.
  • This makes GPT-4o a special kind of AI that can handle different types of information, which is a big improvement from older models.
• Functions
  • GPT-4o is capable of interacting using text and vision, meaning it can view screenshots, photos, documents, or charts uploaded by users and have conversations about them.
  • It will also have updated memory capabilities and will learn from previous conversations with users.
• Technology behind the GPT-4o
  • LLMs are the backbone of AI chatbots. Large amounts of data are fed into these models to make them capable of learning things themselves.
  • It uses a single model trained end-to-end across various modalities – text, vision, and audio.
  • Essentially, this means the GPT-4o comes with an integration that allows it to process and understand inputs more holistically.
  • For example, GPT-4o can understand tone, background noises, and emotional context in audio inputs at once.
• Comparison with earlier version
  • When it comes to features and abilities, GPT-4o excels in areas like speed and efficiency.
    • It responds to queries as fast as a human does in conversation, in around 232 to 320 milliseconds.
    • This is a big leap over previous models, which came with response times of up to several seconds.
  • It comes with multilingual support, and shows significant improvements in handling non-English text, making it more accessible to a global audience.
  • The GPT-4o also features enhanced audio and vision understanding.
    • During the demo session at the live event, ChatGPT solved a linear equation in real-time when the user was writing it on paper.
  • It could gauge the emotions of the speaker on camera and identify objects.
• Limitations and safety concerns
  • GPT-4o is still in the early stages of exploring the potential of unified multimodal interaction.
  • This means certain features like audio outputs are initially accessible in a limited form only, with preset voices.
  • It is being claimed that the new model has undergone extensive safety evaluations and external reviews, focussing on risks like cybersecurity, misinformation, and bias.
  • Right now, GPT-4o has been rated as having a medium-level risk in various areas.
  • OpenAI mentioned that they're working constantly to find and solve any new risks that might come up.