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Chapter 15/16 Worksheet
Human Anatomy and Physiology (BIOL 2405)
University of Central Arkansas
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Chapter 15/16 Worksheet
Answer the questions completely.
- What systems/organs have critical periods of development during the
embryonic stage?
- Brain, nervous system, critical for neural tube development
- What is the term given to an infant from 8 weeks post conception to birth?
- After 8th week its called fetus until born
- What is preeclampsia? How is it treated?
A potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure
Treatment: either to deliver the baby or manage the condition until the best time to deliver the baby.
Prevention: take low dose aspirin
- Define neural tube defect. How can neural tube defects be prevented? Name one common neural tube defect. What are the dietary recommendations for folate for women of childbearing age?
- Neural tube defect: when the neural tube does not close properly
-Prevention: having good amount of folate in blood
-Common neural tube defects: Spina Bifida ( incomplete closure of spinal cord
Anencephaly ( brain is missing or doesn't develop)
-recommendations for folate: Normal would be 400mcg of folate a day, pregnant women should have 600mcg a day of folate
- List the suggested amount of weight gain during pregnancy for each of the following weight classifications for a single birth:
Prepregnancy Weight Recommended Weight Gainfor Single Birth
Underweight (BMI ,18) 28 to 40 lb Healthy weight (BMI 18. to 24) 25 to 35 lb Overweight (BMI 25 to 29) 15 to 25 lb Obese (BMI $30) 11 to 20 lb
Energy needs during pregnancy increase by about 340 calories/day. Energy needs during lactation increase by about 450 calories/day.
What is Gestational Diabetes, who is tested for it and what are some risks associated with developing GD?
develops during pregnancy when there's too much glucose in your blood. GD is usually
diagnosed during the middle stage of pregnancy with a few simple blood tests.
-can increase risk of high blood pressure during pregnancy
-can maybe cause type 2 diabetes later in life
-infant could have birth defects
- Which nutrients are needed in the greatest amounts during pregnancy? Why are they so important? Describe wise food choices for the pregnant woman.
Folic acid.
-folic acid (helps from neural tube)
-Iron (hemoglobin= oxygen supply to baby)
-Calcium ( prevent preeclampsia and help with bone development)
-Vitamin D ( regulates calcium and phosphate)
In pics
- When should breastfeeding be avoided?
- when a woman is taking certain medications or drugs, when she has been
diagnosed with a specific illness, or when other specific conditions apply.
What is PICA? Already in
List some strategies for alleviating heartburn during pregnancy.
Eat several small meals throughout the day instead of three large ones.
● Eat slowly.
● Drink between your meals, but not with meals.
● Avoid fried, spicy or fatty foods.
● Avoid citrus fruits and juices.
● Limit caffeine.
● Don't smoke and avoid alcohol.
- Define high-risk pregnancy. List 5 situations in which a pregnancy is considered high-risk. What are some risks associated with teen pregnancy?
High Risk Pregnancy -a pregnancy that involves increased health risks for the pregnant person, fetus or both
5 Situations where pregnancy is considered high risk - high blood pressure, diabetes, multiple births, birthweight, age
Teen Pregnancy Risk
-higer rates of complications
-stillbirths
-preterm births
- low birthweight of infants
-less likely to receive prenatal care
- List 5 benefits of breast feeding for the infant. What are some benefits for mom?
Infant
Provides the appropriate composition and balance of nutrients with high bioavailability
Provides hormones that promote physiological development
Improves cognitive development
Protects against a variety of infections and illnesses, including diarrhea, ear infections, and pneumonia
-reduce risk of SIDS
-May protect against diabetes
Mom
-Contracts the uterus
Delays the return of regular ovulation, thus lengthening birth intervals (this is not, however, a dependable method of contraception)
Conserves iron stores (by prolonging amenorrhea)
May protect against breast and ovarian cancer and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease
-increases energy expenditure, which may contribute to weight loss
Chapter 16- Try to locate the significance of the following from the chapter
Doubles in five months, triples by first birthday
Baby’s birthweight
Not until 1st birthday
slides
6% protein, 55% fat, 39% carb
Chapter 15/16 Worksheet
Course: Human Anatomy and Physiology (BIOL 2405)
University: University of Central Arkansas
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Preview text
Chapter 15/16 Worksheet
Answer the questions completely.
- What systems/organs have critical periods of development during the
embryonic stage?
- Brain, nervous system, critical for neural tube development
- What is the term given to an infant from 8 weeks post conception to birth?
- After 8th week its called fetus until born
- What is preeclampsia? How is it treated?
A potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure
Treatment: either to deliver the baby or manage the condition until the best time to deliver the baby.
Prevention: take low dose aspirin
- Define neural tube defect. How can neural tube defects be prevented? Name one common neural tube defect. What are the dietary recommendations for folate for women of childbearing age?
- Neural tube defect: when the neural tube does not close properly
-Prevention: having good amount of folate in blood
-Common neural tube defects: Spina Bifida ( incomplete closure of spinal cord
Anencephaly ( brain is missing or doesn't develop)
-recommendations for folate: Normal would be 400mcg of folate a day, pregnant women should have 600mcg a day of folate
- List the suggested amount of weight gain during pregnancy for each of the following weight classifications for a single birth:
Prepregnancy Weight Recommended Weight Gainfor Single Birth
Underweight (BMI ,18) 28 to 40 lb Healthy weight (BMI 18. to 24) 25 to 35 lb Overweight (BMI 25 to 29) 15 to 25 lb Obese (BMI $30) 11 to 20 lb
Energy needs during pregnancy increase by about 340 calories/day. Energy needs during lactation increase by about 450 calories/day.
What is Gestational Diabetes, who is tested for it and what are some risks associated with developing GD?
develops during pregnancy when there's too much glucose in your blood. GD is usually
diagnosed during the middle stage of pregnancy with a few simple blood tests.
-can increase risk of high blood pressure during pregnancy
-can maybe cause type 2 diabetes later in life
-infant could have birth defects
- Which nutrients are needed in the greatest amounts during pregnancy? Why are they so important? Describe wise food choices for the pregnant woman.
Folic acid.
-folic acid (helps from neural tube)
-Iron (hemoglobin= oxygen supply to baby)
-Calcium ( prevent preeclampsia and help with bone development)
-Vitamin D ( regulates calcium and phosphate)
In pics
- When should breastfeeding be avoided?
- when a woman is taking certain medications or drugs, when she has been
diagnosed with a specific illness, or when other specific conditions apply.
What is PICA? Already in
List some strategies for alleviating heartburn during pregnancy.
Eat several small meals throughout the day instead of three large ones.
● Eat slowly.
● Drink between your meals, but not with meals.
● Avoid fried, spicy or fatty foods.
● Avoid citrus fruits and juices.
● Limit caffeine.
● Don't smoke and avoid alcohol.
- Define high-risk pregnancy. List 5 situations in which a pregnancy is considered high-risk. What are some risks associated with teen pregnancy?
High Risk Pregnancy -a pregnancy that involves increased health risks for the pregnant person, fetus or both
5 Situations where pregnancy is considered high risk - high blood pressure, diabetes, multiple births, birthweight, age
Teen Pregnancy Risk
-higer rates of complications
-stillbirths
-preterm births
- low birthweight of infants
-less likely to receive prenatal care
- List 5 benefits of breast feeding for the infant. What are some benefits for mom?
Infant
Provides the appropriate composition and balance of nutrients with high bioavailability
Provides hormones that promote physiological development
Improves cognitive development
Protects against a variety of infections and illnesses, including diarrhea, ear infections, and pneumonia
-reduce risk of SIDS
-May protect against diabetes
Mom
-Contracts the uterus
Delays the return of regular ovulation, thus lengthening birth intervals (this is not, however, a dependable method of contraception)
Conserves iron stores (by prolonging amenorrhea)
May protect against breast and ovarian cancer and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease
-increases energy expenditure, which may contribute to weight loss
Chapter 16- Try to locate the significance of the following from the chapter
Doubles in five months, triples by first birthday
Baby’s birthweight
Not until 1st birthday
slides
6% protein, 55% fat, 39% carb