Labeled Diagram of Protein Synthesis - GeeksforGeeks

Diagram of Protein Synthesis

Last Updated : 21 Apr, 2024
Improve
Improve
Like Article
Like
Save
Share
Report

The diagram of protein synthesis process shows a ribosome and mRNA. A protein synthesis diagram shows the sequential process of DNA transcription to mRNA in the nucleus, followed by mRNA processing and export into the cytoplasm. There ribosomes attach to mRNA and facilitate translation, with tRNA molecules carrying amino acids to match mRNA codons. The diagram of protein synthesis in class 12 helps students understand this process easily.

The well-labelled diagram of protein synthesis is shown below with the stages:

Diagram-of-Protein-Synthesis

Diagram of Protein Synthesis

Table of Content

Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is a fundamental process in living organisms, essential for cell growth, development, and its functioning. It occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation. The stages of protein synthesis are mentioned below:

Transcription

Transcription start in the cell nucleus, where DNA serves as the template for the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of a gene on the DNA molecule, unwinding and separating the DNA strands. Using one of the strands as a template, RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary mRNA molecule by adding nucleotides according to the base-pairing rules (A-U and G-C). Once transcription is complete, the mRNA transcript detaches from the DNA and undergoes processing, including the addition of a 5′ cap and a poly-A tail (polyadenylation) and the removal of introns (non-coding regions). The mature mRNA molecule then exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.

Translation

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the conversion of the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide chain, or protein. The mRNA attaches to a ribosome, where the process begins. The protein synthesis diagram shows that translation involves three key steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA molecule, and the initiator tRNA, carrying the amino acid methionine, binds to the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA. The large ribosomal subunit then joins, forming a functional ribosome.

In the elongation phase, the ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule, reading the codons in a sequential fashion. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid, and the corresponding tRNA molecule, carrying the complementary anticodon and the corresponding amino acid, binds to the mRNA codon via base pairing. The ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids, forming a growing polypeptide chain.

Termination

Termination occurs when a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is encountered on the mRNA. This signals the end of protein synthesis, and the completed polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome. The newly synthesized protein may undergo further modifications and folding before achieving its functional conformation.

Conclusion – Diagram of Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis, occurs stages through transcription and translation, & it is essential for cellular function. This complex process translates genetic information into proteins, crucial for life’s processes. The diagram of protein synthesis shows step by step the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transcribed into mRNA and translated into proteins.

Related Diagram Article Links

Diagram of Ribosomes

Diagram of Cytoplasm

Diagram of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Diagram of Eukaryotic Cell

Diagram of Nucleus

Diagram of Bacteria

Diagram of DNA Structure

Diagram of Plant Cell

Diagram of Cell

Diagram of Cell Cycle

FAQs on Protein Synthesis Diagram

What are the 5 Steps of Protein Synthesis?

The five steps of protein synthesis are: 1. Transcription, 2. mRNA processing, 3. mRNA export, 4. Translation initiation, 5. Translation elongation/termination.

What is the Structure of Protein Synthesis?

The structure of protein synthesis involves DNA, mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, and amino acids, coordinated in transcription and translation processes.

What is the Role of Protein Synthesis?

Protein synthesis makes proteins essential for cell structure, function, regulation, and the expression of genetic information in living organisms.

What is the First Codon?

The first codon in protein synthesis is typically AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine and serves as the start signal.

Where Can I Find the Diagram of Protein Synthesis?

You can find the diagram at the top of this article.



S
sainiviry0j8
Improve
Previous Article
Respiratory System Diagram
Next Article
Australia - Winds of Change Class-11 History Notes

Similar Reads

Protein and Test for Protein
Test for Protein deals with the details of protein including its structure, properties, classification, and function as well as the details of different tests to detect proteins in a sample. The identification test for protein explains the principle and theory of each test, along with the materials and apparatus required, the procedures, observatio
7 min read
ATP Synthesis in Mitochondria
ATP or adenosine triphosphate provides energy to the cell or living organisms. Atp is required by the cells for different activities such as the transportation of ions, muscle contractions, and biomolecule synthesis. ATP synthesis in cellular respiration. The oxidation of respiratory substrates such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates produces A
6 min read
Protein Structure - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
Biomolecules, additionally called natural particles, are any of various substances that are created by cells and living creatures. Biomolecules have many sizes and designs and play out an immense range of capabilities. The four significant sorts of biomolecules are fat, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Among biomolecules, nucleic acids, in part
6 min read
Protein Structure
A living system develops, maintains, and reproduces itself. The most amazing feature of the living system is that it is made up of many non-living substances which are existent in their cells in a very complex but highly organized form. These are called biomolecules. hereby, biomolecules are the sophisticated Inanimate organic substances that make
8 min read
Single Cell Protein (SCP)
Single Cell Protein (SCP) CBSE Class 12- Strategies For Enhancement in Food Production: Single Cell Protein (SCP) refers to a type of protein-rich biomass produced from microorganisms, such as bacteria, algae, fungi, or yeast, through fermentation or other biotechnological processes. Single Cell Protein serves as an alternative and sustainable prot
5 min read
Difference Between Globular and Fibrous Protein
Globular proteins are compact, spherical proteins that are soluble in water. They are typically involved in metabolic processes and often have enzymatic functions. On the other hand, fibrous proteins are elongated, thread-like proteins that are insoluble in water. They are typically involved in structural support and provide mechanical strength to
4 min read
G Protein-Coupled Receptor
Receptors are characterized as specific cell membrane structures. They are mostly made of proteins, which attach to ligands and trigger signaling reactions. A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific effect in the cell. In a cell or on its surface, cellular receptors are proteins that take
8 min read
Types of Protein: Structure, Function and Classification
Proteins are large and complex biomolecules made up of long chains of amino acid residues that play a crucial role in cells. They are essential in our day-to-day life for good health and benefit in growing something faster. Proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids. The protein consists of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrog
6 min read
Stability of Protein
The stability of proteins refers to the ability of a protein to maintain its folded structure and function under various environmental conditions. The stability of protein structure is important for proper functioning within living organisms. Protein structure dictates how proteins interact with other molecules and perform essential biological proc
6 min read
Protein Energy Malnutrition - Definition and Classification of PEM
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a condition resulting from inadequate intake of protein and calories, leading to severe health issues such as stunted growth, weakened immunity, and muscle wasting. Understanding protein-energy malnutrition causes and protein-energy malnutrition types helps in developing effective prevention and treatment strate
7 min read
Article Tags :
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
Lightbox