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Grand Duchy of Baden
State in southwest Germany from 1806 to 1918 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Grand Duchy of Baden (German: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in south-west Germany on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed sovereign between 1806 and 1871 and as part of the German Empire from 1871 until 1918.[1]
Grand Duchy of Baden Großherzogtum Baden | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1806–1918 | |||||||||
| Anthem: "Badnerlied" (unofficial) | |||||||||
.svg) The Grand Duchy of Baden within the German Empire | |||||||||
| Status |
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| Capital | Karlsruhe | ||||||||
| Official language | German | ||||||||
Common languages | Alemannic, South Franconian, Palatinate | ||||||||
| Religion |
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| Government | Constitutional monarchy | ||||||||
| Grand Duke | |||||||||
• 1806–1811 | Charles Frederick (first) | ||||||||
• 1907–1918 | Friedrich II (last) | ||||||||
| Staatsminister | |||||||||
• 1809–1810 | Sigismund Reitzenstein (first) | ||||||||
• 1917–1918 | Heinrich Bodman (last) | ||||||||
| Legislature | Landtag | ||||||||
| Erste Kammer | |||||||||
| Zweite Kammer | |||||||||
| Establishment | |||||||||
| 27 April 1803 | |||||||||
• Grand Duchy | 24 October 1806 | ||||||||
| 18 January 1871 | |||||||||
| 14 November 1918 | |||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 15,082 km2 (5,823 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1803 | 210,000 | ||||||||
• 1905 | 2,009,320 | ||||||||
| Currency |
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The duchy's 12th-century origins were as a margraviate that eventually split into two, Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden, before being reunified in 1771. The territory grew and assumed its "grand" status after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire but suffered a revolution in 1848, whose demands had been formulated in Offenburg the previous year at a meeting now considered the first-ever democratic program in Germany.[2] With the collapse of the German Empire it became part of the Weimar Republic under the name Republic of Baden. After World War II the French military government created the State of Baden, at first called South Baden, out of the southern half of the former duchy, with Freiburg as its capital; this area was declared in its 1947 constitution to be the true successor of the duchy. The northern half was combined with northern Württemberg, becoming part of the American Zone of Occupation and forming the state of Württemberg-Baden. Both Baden and Württemberg-Baden became states of West Germany upon the latter's formation in 1949, but in 1952 they merged with each other and with Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which was southern Württemberg and a former Prussian exclave, to form Baden-Württemberg — still the only merger of states to have taken place in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany.
The Grand Duchy of Baden was bordered to the north by the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt, to the west by the Rhine, to the south by Switzerland, and to the east mainly by the Kingdom of Württemberg. Its unofficial anthem has been the Badnerlied, or Song of the People of Baden, which has four or five traditional verses and many more added: there are collections with up to 591 verses.