What are The Capital Cities in Canada? Map, Quick Guide & More
Are you wondering what are the capital cities of Canada? This guide has you covered, with everything you need to know!
Canada is a huge country with beautiful scenery, diverse landscapes and interesting cities from coast to coast. And although you’ve probably heard of Toronto and Vancouver, you may not be as familiar with the country’s other major cities. If this is the case, you might be wondering, what are the capital cities of Canada?
In fact, most people don’t even know that Canada has 13 different provinces and territories, each with their own capital city. And, as the largest city in Canada, many people mistake Toronto for Canada’s capital (spoiler – it’s not!)
To help you learn a bit more about this beautiful country and its cities, I’ve put together all the key information you need about Canada’s capital cities. In this guide, I’ve included key facts, travel information, things to do, and even a map to help you visualize each city.
How do I know all of this? I’ve lived in Canada since 2018 and have travelled extensively across the country, including spending considerable time in several of Canada’s capitals (I even live in one)! Plus, I’ve done my research to ensure all the information included here is up-to-date, so it will give you an accurate overview of each city in 2024.
So, what are the capital cities in Canada? Read on to find out everything you need to know!
Quick Guide: Canadian Capital Cities
| Province/Territory | Capital City | Population |
|---|---|---|
| Ontario | Toronto | 2,794,356 |
| British Columbia | Victoria | 91,867 |
| Quebec | Quebec City | 549,459 |
| Alberta | Edmonton | 1,010,899 |
| Manitoba | Winnipeg | 749,607 |
| Saskatchewan | Regina | 226,404 |
| Nova Scotia | Halifax | 439,819 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | St. John’s | 110,525 |
| New Brunswick | Fredericton | 63,116 |
| Prince Edward Island | Charlottetown | 38,809 |
| Northwest Territories | Yellowknife | 20,340 |
| Yukon | Whitehorse | 28,201 |
| Nunavut | Iqaluit | 7,429 |
| Capital of Canada | Ottawa | 1,017,449 |
What is the Capital of Canada?
It may surprise you to learn that Canada’s capital city isn’t Toronto or Vancouver – it’s actually Ottawa, a mid-sized city in the province of Ontario.
Ottawa, Ontario
Fast Facts
Population: 1,017,449 (city) / 1,488,307 (Ottawa-Gatineau metro area)
Known for: Being the political and administrative centre of Canada, and the Rideau Canal.
Best things to do: Tour Parliament Hill, visit the Canadian Museum of History and National Gallery of Canada, and explore ByWard Market.
When to visit: In winter, to skate on the famous Rideau Canal Skateway. Or in spring, for the Canadian Tulip Festival.
About Ottawa
Ottawa is nestled on the southern bank of the Ottawa River in Ontario, with Gatineau, Quebec just across the water. In 1857, it was named as Canada’s capital, largely due to its location between the two provinces, and its defensible distance from the American border.
As Canada’s capital city, Ottawa serves as the country’s political and administrative centre. You’ll find the headquarters of the federal government here, as well as numerous foreign embassies and key government organizations and institutions, such as the Supreme Court, Parliament of Canada, and the Office of the Prime Minister.
And, on top of being an administrative hub, Ottawa is also a great city to visit. It’s an important cultural destination and is one of the best places to learn about Canada’s history.
The city is home to significant museums including the Canadian Museum of History, the National Gallery of Canada, and the Canadian War Museum. And, you can also visit Parliament Hill, where you can take free guided tours of the House of Commons, the Senate, and the main Parliament Building.
In addition to the city’s educational attractions, Ottawa also has excellent food, art, entertainment and outdoor activities.
In particular, the historic ByWard Market is a bustling neighbourhood with excellent shopping, dining and nightlife to explore. And, in winter, the city’s Rideau Canal turns into the world’s largest naturally frozen skating rink, winding its way through the city for almost 8 kilometres!
Plus, Ottawa hosts several of Canada’s top festivals throughout the year, including the Canadian Tulip Festival in May, the country’s biggest Canada Day party on July 1st, and Winterlude in February.
What are the Capital Cities in Canada?
In addition to Ottawa (the country’s capital), there are 13 capital cities in Canada – one for each province and territory.
These cities are Toronto, Victoria, Quebec City, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Regina, Halifax, St. John’s, Fredericton, Charlottetown, Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit. And, below, we dive into everything you need to know about each.
1. Toronto, Ontario
Fast Facts
Population: 2,794,356 (city) / 6,202,225 (Greater Toronto Area)
Known for: Being Canada’s largest city, cultural diversity, its food and entertainment scene, and iconic landmarks like the CN Tower.
Best things to do: Go up the CN Tower, explore St. Lawrence market, visit the ROM, day trip to Niagara Falls, and experience the city’s food and nightlife.
When to visit: In summer, for festivals and outdoor activities. Or, in September and October, for pleasant weather, fewer crowds and spectacular fall colours.
About Toronto
Toronto is Canada’s largest and most populous city, as well as the capital of Ontario.
The city’s history dates back to the late 18th century when it was established as the town of York. It was later renamed Toronto in 1834 and became the capital of Ontario in 1867. This decision was a strategic one, due to its location on the shore of Lake Ontario, which was ideal for both trade and defence.
These days, Toronto is known for its iconic skyline, key Canadian landmarks, thriving arts and entertainment scene, and for being the world’s most multicultural city. This makes it one o the best places to visit in Canada!
The city’s landscape features an impressive mix of modern skyscrapers and peaceful green spaces, as well as a picturesque waterfront, and even several islands and beaches.
Toronto’s most recognizable landmark is the CN Tower, which is one of the world’s tallest structures. Standing at 553 metres (1,815 feet) high, it offers breathtaking views of the city and Lake Ontario from its observation decks and revolving restaurant.
In addition to Toronto’s impressive urban setting, there are also some important historic sites in the city. In particular, the Fort York National Historic Site, Distillery Historic District, and Casa Loma are all worth visiting when in Toronto.
Plus, Toronto is home to some of Canada’s best museums, including the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) and the Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO). And the city is only a 1.5 hour drive to Niagara Falls, which makes for a great day trip!
Toronto also boasts Canada’s most diverse food scene with everything from international cuisine to upmarket restaurants and unique street food. And, once you’ve finished exploring (and eating) your way through the city, there are plenty of other entertainment options to enjoy, with sports games, theatres, music venues and endless bars and nightclubs.
And, in the summer months, you’ll find different food, cultural and street festivals and events throughout the city almost every week! Most notably, from mid-August to early September Toronto hosts the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE), which is Canada’s largest annual fair.
2. Victoria, British Columbia
Fast Facts
Population: 91,867 (city) / 397,237 (Greater Victoria Area)
Known for: Its Victorian architecture, British culture, colourful gardens, and picturesque Inner Harbour.
Best things to do: Explore the Butchart Gardens, tour the parliament buildings, visit the Royal BC Museum, go whale watching, and experience a traditional afternoon tea.
When to visit: In the spring for fragrant blooming flowers and the best whale watching opportunities. Or, in summer, to enjoy the warm weather and beaches.
About Victoria
Victoria is located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island and is the capital city of British Columbia. It’s often referred to as the “City of Gardens” for its impressive number of green spaces and floral displays, including the famous Butchart Gardens.
Plus, it’s a waterfront city and is particularly well known for its stunning Inner Harbour, which is one of the most beautiful harbours in the world.
The city’s history dates back to the mid-19th century when it was established as a trading post by the Hudson’s Bay Company. Named after Queen Victoria, it boasts a charming blend of British colonial heritage, stunning natural beauty, and a vibrant cultural scene.
Today, Victoria is known for its well-preserved Victorian architecture, which can be seen in landmarks such as the British Columbia Parliament Buildings, Craigdarroch Castle, and the Fairmont Empress Hotel.
And the city’s architecture isn’t the only thing it inherited from Britain. All around Victoria you’ll find remnants of its British heritage, from tea rooms and double decker buses to fish and chips, and even horse-drawn carriages!
In addition to sightseeing, some of the best things to do in the city include experiencing a traditional afternoon tea, eating seafood at Fisherman’s Wharf, taking a whale watching tour, visiting the Royal BC Museum, and relaxing at some of the city’s beaches.
3. Quebec City, Quebec
Fast Facts
Population: 549,459 (city) / 839,311 (metro area)
Known for: Being one of the oldest cities in North America, its historic European charm, and the UNESCO-listed Old Town.
Best things to do: Explore Old Quebec, visit the iconic Château Frontenac, stroll along the Dufferin Terrace, and experience French Canadian cuisine.
When to visit: In the summer for festivals and the best time to explore the city. Or in winter, for the German Christmas Market, Quebec Winter Carnival and Ice Hotel.
About Quebec City
Quebec City, located on the banks of the St. Lawrence River, is the capital of the province of Quebec, and the only remaining walled city north of Mexico. It’s particularly well known for its French influence, picturesque streets and European charm. In fact, you could easily mistake Quebec City for somewhere in France!
Founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, Quebec City is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the oldest cities in North America.
The city’s historic heart is Old Quebec, a fortified district filled with cobblestone streets, charming squares, and 17th-century architecture. The best thing to do in Quebec City is to explore this area on foot. Here, you can immerse yourself in French colonial heritage and explore key landmarks like the Château Frontenac, Place Royale, and Basilica Cathedral Notre-Dame de Québec.
But for the best views, you’ll want to head up to the Observatoire de la Capitale, to see the city from its highest point. And to enjoy the sights from the water, take a stroll along Dufferin Terrace or take the Quebec-Lévis Ferry between the northern and southern shores of the St. Lawrence River.
Some of the other top things to do in Quebec City include exploring the Plains of Abraham – a historic battlefield-turned-park, taking a drive to Montmorency Falls, and indulging in some of the country’s best French Canadian cuisine.
Plus, on top of these key sites, Quebec City also has some great seasonal attractions.
There are tons of different cultural, music and food festivals throughout the summer. And, in the colder months, Quebec City turns into a winter wonderland, embracing the cold with some of Canada’s biggest winter celebrations. In particular, the city’s German Christmas Market and the Quebec Winter Carnival (which includes North America’s only ice hotel!) are must-visits.
4. Edmonton, Alberta
Fast Facts
Population: 1,010,899 (city) / 1,418,118 (metro area)
Known for: Being Canada’s festival city, having the largest shopping mall in North America, and its huge stretch of urban parkland.
Best things to do: Explore the North Saskatchewan River Valley parks system, visit the West Edmonton Mall, and tour the Alberta Legislature Building.
When to visit: Summer and early fall for warm weather, long days, and the most festivals and events.
About Edmonton
Located on the North Saskatchewan River, Edmonton is the capital of Alberta and is known for its expansive green spaces, vibrant arts and culture, and booming culinary scene.
Founded in 1795 as a fur trading post, Edmonton has grown into a modern and dynamic city while still retaining its cultural heritage. And, with so much green space, the city seamlessly blends big city-living with outdoor activities and adventure.
In particular, the North Saskatchewan River Valley parks system is the largest connected urban parkland in all of North America! This beautiful stretch of green spaces covers more than 160 kilometres (100 miles), connecting 20 major parks by maintained pathways for walking, biking, snowshoeing and cross-country skiing.
But Edmonton’s endless opportunities for outdoor recreation isn’t the only thing that makes it a fantastic city. The city is also home to several iconic landmarks and indoor attractions, including the Muttart Conservatory – a botanical garden housed in four glass pyramids, and the Alberta Legislature Building, which offers free guided tours.
And, Edmonton is also home to North America’s largest shopping mall. The West Edmonton Mall spans 48 blocks and isn’t your typical mall. It’s more like an adventure park, crossed with an entertainment complex and shopping centre, housing every type of shop and venue you can imagine.
Finally, something else that Edmonton is famous for is its huge festival scene. With over 50 festivals throughout the year, it’s considered the festival capital of Canada. Most notably, the Edmonton Heritage Festival, held annually in August, is the largest multiculturalism celebration in the world!
5. Winnipeg, Manitoba
Fast Facts
Population: 749,607 (city) / 834,678 (metro area)
Known for: The Forks National Historic Site, its rich indigenous heritage, and for being the coldest major city in Canada.
Best things to do: Spend a day at The Forks, visit the Canadian Museum for Human Rights, and explore the Exchange District.
When to visit: During the summer months for warm sunny days and outdoor activities. Or, in the shoulder seasons, for mild weather and cheaper prices.
About Winnipeg
Winnipeg is a mid-sized city and the capital of Manitoba. Located in the Canadian Prairies, the city is actually at the longitude centre of Canada. It’s also one of the coldest cities in the world and is the coldest major city in Canada!
Winnipeg was originally a fur trading post, starting in 1738, before being named a city in 1873. It’s particularly well known for its diverse culture, thriving arts and music scene, and rich Indigenous heritage.
The city is centred around The Forks, a historic meeting place at the junction where the Red and Assiniboine Rivers meet, with a history dating back over 6,000 years. Today, this land has become a mixed-use gathering and recreational place, and Winnipeg’s foremost destination. It has everything from a market and food hall to public art displays, a spa, and an outdoor skating trail in the winter!
In addition to The Forks, some of the best things to do in Winnipeg include visiting Assiniboine Park & Zoo, and exploring the city’s vibrant Exchange District. This neighbourhood has maintained its turn-of-the-20th-century charm and is now home to a range of interesting boutiques, restaurants, bars and music venues. It’s also the location of several of Winnipeg’s annual events and festivals.
One of the most important things about Winnipeg is that it actively recognizes the contributions of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples to the city, which has significantly shaped the local culture and values.
As such, Winnipeg is one of the best cities in Canada to learn about the country’s indigenous heritage. In particular, it’s worth visiting the Canadian Museum for Human Rights and the Inuit art centre at the Winnipeg Art Gallery-Qaumajuq. The city is also home to the APTN’s annual Indigenous Day Live celebrations, which takes place every year on the closest Saturday to National Indigenous Peoples Day on June 21.
6. Regina, Saskatchewan
Fast Facts
Population: 226,404 (city) / 249,217 (metro area)
Known for: Its origins as a hunters’ camp, wheat and canola farming, and its passionate football fans.
Best things to do: Explore Wascana Centre, visit the Royal Saskatchewan Museum, tour the Legislative Building, and experience a Saskatchewan Roughriders football game.
When to visit: In the summer or early fall for dry and warm weather. In particular, early to mid-July for peak summer conditions and to see the canola bloom.
About Regina
Regina is the capital of Saskatchewan and the second largest city in the province, after Saskatoon. Regina (meaning ‘Queen’ in Latin) was named after Queen Victoria and is often referred to as the Queen City.
Although, Regina actually originated as a hunters’ camp prior to becoming a city. Back then, it was referred to as ‘Pile O’Bones’, which is the English translation of its indigenous name, ‘Oskana Kasastcki’. This name was given due to the huge piles of buffalo bones in the area, which were stacked by hunters to honour the spirit of the animals.
Officially founded in 1882 as a railway town, Regina has since grown into a mid-sized modern city. As such, it’s now big enough to offer all the amenities and benefits of city life, but small enough that it has a calm, family atmosphere, and is easy to get around.
Located in the south of the province, Regina is surrounded by rich farmland in the heart of the Canadian Prairies. In particular, wheat and canola grow in abundance here. And, during the peak canola bloom in July, you can witness spectacular fields of gold as far as the eye can see on the outskirts of the city.
Today, the city is best known for its abundance of beautiful green spaces, thanks to over 500,000 hand planted trees.
In particular, Wascana Centre is a beautifully landscaped 930-hectare park, built around Wascana Lake and the Saskatchewan Legislative Building. This huge park is the best place to explore in the city, with over 14 kilometres of paved and natural paths, gardens, play areas, art centres, and the Habitat Conservation Area.
At Wascana Place you’ll also find the Royal Saskatchewan Museum and Saskatchewan Science Centre, which are both worth visiting. And you can even take a guided tour of the Legislative Building every day of the week. Plus, the park is where most events and festivals are held in Regina, with over 400 events held there annually!
The other thing Regina is especially well known for is the Saskatchewan Roughriders football team and their die hard fans. Even if football isn’t your sport, seeing a Roughriders game at Mosaic Stadium is a fantastic experience thanks to the passionate crowd, fun atmosphere and community spirit.
7. Halifax, Nova Scotia
Fast Facts
Population: 439,819 (regional municipality) / 465,703 (metro area)
Known for: Its rich maritime history, the Halifax Citadel National Historic Site, and the city’s vibrant waterfront.
Best things to do: Stroll along the Waterfront Boardwalk, Explore the Halifax Citadel, visit the Canadian Museum of Immigration, and take a day trip to Peggy’s Cove.
When to visit: Anytime from late spring to early fall. In particular, July and August are the best months for beach weather.
About Halifax
Located on Canada’s east coast, Halifax is the capital of Nova Scotia and the largest urban area in Atlantic Canada. Established in 1749 as a British military outpost, Halifax has since evolved into a bustling port city with a rich maritime heritage.
Halifax was originally incorporated as a city in 1841. But, in 1996, it was amalgamated into the current Halifax Regional Municipality, which consists of the Halifax, Dartmouth, Bedford and former Halifax County areas.
Halifax is best known for having the world’s second largest natural harbour, and one of Canada’s most important commercial ports.
And, on top of this, Halifax has become one of Eastern Canada’s most popular tourist destinations due to its many historic sites and museums, vibrant atmosphere, and the picturesque coastal landscape and stunning beaches in the surrounding area.
The Halifax Citadel National Historic Site is the city’s main attraction and the most visited historic site in all of Canada. This strategic hilltop fort in the heart of downtown is a testament to Halifax’s military past and offers an unbeatable view of the harbour.
Other notable attractions in Halifax include the picturesque Halifax Waterfront Boardwalk; the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic – which houses a collection of artefacts from the Titanic; the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21, to learn about Canada’s roots; Province House – where you can observe a sitting of the House of Assembly, visit the Legislative Library and take a self-guided tour; and the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia.
Halifax is also home to some beautiful natural areas, including the Victorian-era Halifax Public Gardens, and Point Pleasant Park, which has 75-hectares of walking trails, picnic areas and waterfront views.
And you can’t come to Halifax without visiting Peggy’s Cove! This quaint fishing village is around a 50-minute drive from downtown and is home to the famous Peggy’s Point Lighthouse. Here, you can spend some time hiking along the coast in the Preservation Area, and exploring the colourful village.
8. St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador
Fast Facts
Population: 110,525 (city) / 212,579 (metro area)
Known for: Its colourful row houses, historic sites, lively nightlife and music scene, and for being North America’s most easterly city.
Best things to do: Explore downtown St. John’s and the Signal Hill National Historic Site, visit the Cape Spear Lighthouse, and experience the city’s nightlife.
When to visit: During the summer, especially July and August, as it’s the warmest and liveliest time of year. Or, in the spring to see the icebergs floating by.
About St. John’s
St. John’s is the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as being one of North America’s oldest cities, and the continent’s most easterly city!
Technically, St. John’s is also the oldest city in Canada. But, as Newfoundland didn’t actually join Canada until 1949, this title is debatable.
Initially a fishing settlement and trading outpost founded in 1497 by explorer John Cabot, St. John’s grew steadily until it’s incorporation as a city in 1888. The city also has a rich military history, having played a key role in several wars since its settlement.
St. John’s is now known for its historic streets, cultural attractions and key landmarks. These include the Anglican Cathedral of St John the Baptist, the Basilica of St John the Baptist, the Quidi Vidi Battery, and the Colonial Building Provincial Historic Site. Although its most notable landmark is the Signal Hill National Historic Site, which has hiking trails, the historic Cabot Tower, and panoramic views of the city and harbour.
But, what stands out the most about St. John’s is the city’s colourful row houses, known as “Jellybean Row.” These bright facades are an iconic feature of the city centre, which makes exploring St. John’s downtown area the best thing to do when visiting.
Some other key activities to do in the city include touring The Rooms Provincial Art Gallery and Museum, taking a boat ride to see whales or icebergs (depending on which season you visit in) and experiencing St. John’s vibrant nightlife, music and food scene on George Street.
And, just a short drive out of the city, you can visit North America’s eastern most point at the historic Cape Spear Lighthouse.
9. Fredericton, New Brunswick
Fast Facts
Population: 63,116 (city) / 108,610 (metro area)
Known for: Its historic architecture, vibrant arts and culture scene, and beautiful natural surroundings.
Best things to do: Visit the Fredericton Region Museum, Beaverbrook Art Gallery and King’s Landing, explore Odell Park, and see a show at the Playhouse.
When to visit: In summer, for seasonal activities and events, such as the Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival in September.
About Fredericton
Fredericton is the capital of New Brunswick and, although a small city, is the third largest in the province. It sits along the Saint John River, surrounded by nature, around 135 kilometres (84 miles) inland from the famous Bay of Fundy.
Originally called Ste. Anne’s Point, Fredericton was initially settled by Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution. It became the capital of New Brunswick in 1784 and was renamed Fredericton in 1785, after Prince Frederick, Duke of York.
Fredericton was officially incorporated as a city in 1848 and has since grown into a centre for education, culture and industry in the region. It’s even home to several colleges and two universities, including the University of New Brunswick.
Fredericton also boasts a rich heritage that is reflected in its well-preserved historic architecture and numerous cultural institutions, like the Fredericton Region Museum and Beaverbrook Art Gallery.
The best time to visit Fredericton is in the summer, as this is when you’ll find the most things to do. In particular, you can visit King’s Landing – Fredericton’s living history museum, explore the city’s 120 kilometres (75 miles) of walking and biking trails, and wander through old growth forests at Odell Park.
Fredericton is also a great city for food, music and entertainment.
It’s Atlantic Canada’s craft brewing capital, so there are plenty of excellent breweries to try. You can catch a local theatre production at Fredericton’s performing arts venue, The Playhouse. And, for six days every September Fredericton comes alive with the internationally recognized Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival!
10. Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
Fast Facts
Population: 38,809 (city) / 78,858 (metro area)
Known for: Being the birthplace of Confederation, its Victorian-era downtown, picturesque waterfront, and delicious food.
Best things to do: Explore Victoria Row, visit Beaconsfield Historic House and St. Dunstan’s Basilica, and see Anne of Green Gables.
When to visit: In late September or early October for the Fall Flavours event (if you’re a foodie). Or in summer, for the best weather and liveliest atmosphere.
About Charlottetown
Charlottetown, located on the south shore of Prince Edward Island (PEI), is a historic city and the province’s capital, known for its quaint maritime charm.
Founded in 1764, Charlottetown is the oldest city in PEI and played a significant role in the formation of Canada as a nation.
In 1864, Charlottetown hosted the historic Charlottetown Conference, where representatives from the British colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and PEI met to discuss the possibility of Confederation. This meeting ultimately led to the creation of Canada as a country in 1867, making Charlottetown the birthplace of Confederation.
Today, Charlottetown’s historic downtown area is a hub for culture, commerce, and tourism. Visitors can wander the charming streets lined with colourful Victorian-era buildings, boutique shops, art galleries, and restaurants. In particular, Victoria Row is one of Charlottetown’s main attractions, with picturesque cobblestone streets and a vibrant atmosphere.
But this isn’t all there is to do in Charlottetown. The city has several other beautiful and significant attractions which are also worth visiting, including Province House National Historic Site (temporarily closed), St. Dunstan’s Basilica, and Beaconsfield Historic House.
Charlottetown is also one of the best places to experience PEI’s most famous export, Anne of Green Gables. The classic children’s book is brought to life at the Confederation Centre of the Arts, in the world’s longest running annual musical theatre production!
Finally, one of the best things to do in Charlottetown is eat! PEI is a foodie’s paradise and the food scene in Charlottetown does not disappoint, with some of Canada’s freshest seafood, locally grown ingredients and passionate chefs. And there’s something for everyone, from fine dining, oyster houses and buzzing cafés to farmer’s markets, festivals and food trucks.
And, for two weeks every September-October, PEI hosts the Fall Flavours Food & Drink Festival. The festival is celebrated across the island, including several key events in Charlottetown, showcasing some of the region’s best flavours.
11. Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
Fast Facts
Population: 20,340
Known for: The northern lights, its rich indigenous culture, and the diamond mining industry.
Best things to do: See the northern lights, visit the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, go boating on Great Slave Lake, and explore the Old Town.
When to visit: From mid-November to early April, to see the northern lights, or in the summer for outdoor activities.
About Yellowknife
Yellowknife is the capital, largest community and only city in Canada’s Northwest Territories (NWT). Located only 400 kilometres (250 miles) south of the Arctic Circle, on the northern shores of Great Slave Lake and surrounded by several bodies of water, this is a remote community with a beautiful, small urban centre.
Founded during the Klondike Gold Rush in the late 19th century, Yellowknife quickly became the region’s economic centre and was named the capital of the NWT in 1967.
Although the city’s origins were in gold mining, today, the main industry is diamond mining, as well as being a government hub and popular tourist destination.
The biggest draw to Yellowknife is that it’s one of the best places in the world to see the northern lights (also known as the aurora borealis). Thanks to the region’s long and clear winter nights, there are plenty of chances to see this natural phenomenon when visiting between November and April.
But the northern lights aren’t Yellowknife’s only attraction. Outdoor enthusiasts will find plenty to do in and around the city, regardless of the season.
In the summer, you can enjoy stunning scenery and abundant wildlife by going hiking, fishing, and boating on Great Slave Lake. And, in the winter, the lake freezes over, providing opportunities for ice fishing, snowmobiling, and even dog sledding.
In addition to its natural beauty, Yellowknife is also known for its rich indigenous culture. The city is home to several indigenous communities, including the Yellowknives Dene First Nation, whose traditional lands encompass the area around Yellowknife. Visitors can learn about indigenous history and culture at the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, which features exhibits on traditional lifestyles, art, and history.
And to experience Canada’s wildest historic centre, exploring Yellowknife’s Old Town is a must. Here, you’ll get to see unique houseboats, historic wooden shacks, quirky laneways and Yellowstone’s original eatery, the Wildcat Café. You can also get a 360-degree view of the bay and downtown skyline from the city’s highest point, Bush Pilot’s Monument.
12. Whitehorse, Yukon
Fast Facts
Population: 28,201
Known for: Its stunning natural surroundings, outdoor activities, rich indigenous heritage and mining history.
Best things to do: Explore Miles Canyon, visit the Yukon Wildlife Preserve, and learn about the gold rush history at the S.S. Klondike and MacBride Museum.
When to visit: In June or July, for the warmest and most predictable weather.
About Whitehorse
Whitehorse is the largest city in Northern Canada. It was incorporated in 1950 and was designated as the capital of the Yukon in 1953.
Situated on the banks of the Yukon River, the city is named after the river’s White Horse Rapids, which resembled the mane of a white horse, until they were submerged beneath the Schwatka Lake when the Whitehorse dam was constructed in 1958.
Originally a mining town, the city has a rich history dating back to the Klondike Gold Rush of the late 19th century. And there are several places in town where you can learn about this. In particular, the MacBride Museum dives into the region’s fascinating history and indigenous culture, with galleries telling the stories of the Klondike Gold Rush, Yukon First Nations, and much more.
Today, Whitehorse is best known for being the Yukon’s travel hub (especially for those driving the famous Alaska Highway), and for its beautiful natural landscapes. The city acts as a gateway to the wilderness of the Yukon, with countless opportunities for hiking, fishing, camping, and wildlife viewing.
One of the city’s main attractions is Miles Canyon, a stunning gorge filled with turquoise waters, located on the outskirts of town. This is one of the best spots in the region for hiking and paddling on the Yukon River.
Some of the other top things to do in Whitehorse are seeing animals at the Yukon Wildlife Preserve, taking a horse riding tour, relaxing in the Takhini Hot Springs, and learning more about the region’s history and culture by visiting the S.S. Klondike, Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre and Kwanlin Dün Cultural Centre.
Although summer is generally the best time to visit Whitehorse, due to the weather conditions, the city also has some great winter attractions. In particular, there are opportunities for snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, ice fishing, and dog sledding. And, if you’re lucky, you might even catch a glimpse of the northern lights dancing across the night sky!
13. Iqaluit, Nunavut
Fast Facts
Population: 7,429
Known for: Its remote location, Arctic landscapes, outdoor activities and rich Inuit culture.
Best things to do: Hiking, fishing, paddling, and various snow sports, explore Sylvia Grinnell Territorial Park, and visit the Nunatta Sunakkutaangit Museum.
When to visit: August to October for colourful landscapes and pleasant weather. Or, March and April, for winter activities.
About Iqaluit
Iqaluit, located on Baffin Island, is the capital and largest community of Canada’s northernmost territory, Nunavut, and the smallest capital city in Canada. Founded in 1942 as Frobisher Bay, the city was later renamed Iqaluit, which means “place of fish” in Inuktitut, the Inuit language.
Due to its remote location in the Eastern Canadian Arctic, Iqaluit endures long, cold and dark winters. Due to these harsh conditions and remoteness, getting supplies to the city is difficult, resulting in extremely high prices for everyday items, like food and groceries.
But, the remoteness of the community is also what makes it such an interesting place. It gives visitors an opportunity to experience life in Canada’s Far North, learn about indigenous culture and traditions, and visit some of Canada’s wildest landscapes.
In particular, just a few minutes from the city, Sylvia Grinnell Territorial Park is home to some of the rarest plants in the country, as well as archaeological sites, arctic wildlife, and colourful valleys. And, Iqaluit is one of the best places in Canada to see the northern lights from October to April!
Plus, there are plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities in the region. In the summer months, you can go hiking, camping, hunting, fishing, rafting, canoeing and kayaking. And, in winter, there’s snowmobiling, dog sledding, cross-country skiing, kite skiing and ice fishing.
For arts and culture, one of the best things to do in Iqaluit is to visit the Nunatta Sunakkutaangit Museum. The museum is dedicated to preserving and celebrating Inuit culture and heritage. It features exhibits on traditional Inuit art, history, and daily life, providing valuable insights into the rich cultural heritage of the region.
The Unikkaarvik Visitor Centre also features some fantastic cultural exhibits, as well as historical information, wildlife displays, and Inuit movies. And, throughout the year, Iqaluit hosts several events, including the Toonik Tyme Festival in April Alianait Arts Festival in June to July.
Map of Canada’s Capital Cities
FAQs
How many capital cities are in Canada?
There are 14 capital cities in Canada: one federal capital (Ottawa) and 13 provincial and territorial capitals.
What are the 13 capitals of Canada?
The 13 provincial and territorial capital cities in Canada are Toronto, Victoria, Quebec City, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Regina, Halifax, St. John’s, Fredericton, Charlottetown, Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit.
What is the main city in Canada?
The capital city of Canada is Ottawa. But, Canada’s biggest major city is Toronto.
Why is Toronto not the capital of Canada?
In 1857, Toronto, Ottawa, Kingston, Montreal and Quebec City all put forward bids to become the capital of Canada. Ottawa was chosen over the other cities due to its defensible and strategic location along the border between English-speaking Ontario and French-speaking Quebec, aiming to symbolize national unity.
What are the top 3 major cities in Canada?
The three biggest major cities in Canada are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.
What is the largest city in Canada?
The largest city in Canada is Toronto, the capital of Ontario. As of the most recent census in 2021, Toronto has a population of 2,794,356. Although the Greater Toronto Area (which also includes the surrounding regional municipalities) is even bigger than this, with a total of 6,202,225 people.
How many provinces and territories does Canada have?
Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories. The provinces are Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. And the three territories are the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Nunavut.
What’s the difference between provinces and territories?
Provinces are regions in Canada with a higher degree of autonomy and governance, with their own constitutionally defined powers. Whereas territories have delegated authority from the federal government and typically have less autonomy than provinces.
What is the smallest capital city in Canada?
The smallest capital city in Canada is Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut. As of the most recent census in 2021, Iqaluit has a population of 7,429.
What are the 10 biggest cities in Canada?
The 10 biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Mississauga, Vancouver, Brampton and Hamilton.
Wrap Up – Capital Cities of Canada
So, what are the capital cities in Canada? Ottawa is the capital of Canada, and Toronto, Victoria, Quebec City, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Regina, Halifax, St. John’s, Fredericton, Charlottetown, Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit are the 13 provincial and territorial capitals.
Hopefully this post has answered all of your questions about the capital cities in Canada. And, if you’re interested in learning more, check out my other Canada content for more about travelling and living in Canada.
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