| 1Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus -- he was the Ahasuerus who reigned from Hodu to Cush, one hundred twenty-seven provinces. |
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אוַיְהִ֖י בִּימֵ֣י אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ ה֣וּא אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ הַמֹּלֵךְ֙ מֵהֹ֣דּוּ וְעַד־כּ֔וּשׁ שֶׁ֛בַע וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּמֵאָ֖ה מְדִינָֽה: |
| Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus: He was the king of Persia who reigned instead of Cyrus at the end of the seventy years of the Babylonian exile. |
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וַיְהִי בִּימֵי אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ:
מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס הָיָה, שֶׁמָּלַךְ תַּחַת כּוֹרֶשׁ לְסוֹף שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה שֶׁל גָּלוּת בָּבֶל:
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| he was the Ahasuerus: He was equally wicked from beginning to end. |
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הוּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ:
הוּא בְרִשְׁעוֹ מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ וְעַד סוֹפוֹ:
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| who reigned: He reigned on his own, and was not of royal seed. |
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הַמֹּלֵךְ:
שֶׁמָּלַךְ מֵעַצְמוֹ וְלֹא הָיָה מִזֶּרַע הַמְּלוּכָה:
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| from Hodu to Cush, etc.: He reigned over one hundred twenty-seven provinces as he reigned from Hodu to Cush, which are situated alongside one another, and so [we explain] (I Kings 5:4): “For he had dominion over all [the inhabitants of] this side of the river, from Tiphsah even to Gaza,” meaning that he had dominion over all the inhabitants of this side of the river, just as he had dominion from Tiphsah to Gaza. |
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מֵהֹדּוּ וְעַד כּוּשׁ, וגו':
הַמּוֹלֵךְ עַל מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים וְשֶׁבַע מְדִינוֹת כְּמוֹ שֶׁמָּלַךְ מֵהֹדוּ וְעַד כּוּשׁ שֶׁעוֹמְדִים זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה. וְכֵן "כִּי הוּא רֹדֶה בְּכָל עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר מִתִּפְסַח וְעַד עַזָּה", שֶׁהָיָה רוֹדֶה בְּכָל עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא רוֹדֶה מִתִּפְסַח עַד עַזָּה:
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| 2In those days, when King Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in Shushan the capital. |
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בבַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵ֑ם כְּשֶׁ֣בֶת | הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ עַ֚ל כִּסֵּ֣א מַלְכוּת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה: |
| when King Ahasuerus sat, etc.: when the kingdom was firmly established in his hand. Our Sages, however, explained it differently in Tractate Megillah (11b). |
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כְּשֶׁבֶת הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ, וגו':
כְּשֶׁנִּתְקַיֵּם הַמַּלְכוּת בְּיָדוֹ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵּרְשׁוּהוּ בְּעִנְיָן אַחֵר בְּמַסֶּכֶת מְגִילָּה:
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| 3In the third year of his reign, he made a banquet for all his princes and his servants, the army of Persia and Media, the nobles, and the princes of the provinces [who were] before him. |
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גבִּשְׁנַ֤ת שָׁלוֹשׁ֙ לְמָלְכ֔וֹ עָשָׂ֣ה מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה לְכָל־שָׂרָ֖יו וַֽעֲבָדָ֑יו חֵ֣יל | פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֛ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י הַמְּדִינ֖וֹת לְפָנָֽיו: |
| the nobles: Heb. הַפַּרְתְּמִים, governors in Persian. |
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הַפַּרְתְּמִים:
שִׁלְטוֹנִים בִּלְשׁוֹן פָּרַס:
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| 4When he showed the riches of his glorious kingdom, and the splendor of his excellent majesty, many days, one hundred and eighty days. |
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דבְּהַרְאֹת֗וֹ אֶת־עֹ֨שֶׁר֙ כְּב֣וֹד מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְאֶ֨ת־יְקָ֔ר תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּדוּלָּת֑וֹ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת יֽוֹם: |
| many days: He made a banquet for them. |
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יָמִים רַבִּים:
עָשָׂה לָהֶם מִשְׁתֶּה:
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| 5And when these days were over, the king made for all the people present in Shushan the capital, for [everyone] both great and small, a banquet for seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's orchard. |
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הוּבִמְל֣אוֹת (וּבִמְל֣וֹאת כתיב) | הַיָּמִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה עָשָׂ֣ה הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לְֽכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַנִּמְצְאִים֩ בְּשׁוּשַׁ֨ן הַבִּירָ֜ה לְמִגָּ֧דוֹל וְעַד־קָטָ֛ן מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּֽחֲצַ֕ר גִּנַּ֥ת בִּיתַ֖ן הַמֶּֽלֶךְ: |
| the garden: a place where vegetables are sown. |
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גִּנַּת:
מְקוֹם זֵרְעוֹנֵי יְרָקוֹת:
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| orchard: where trees are planted. |
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בִּיתַן:
נָטוּעַ בְּאִילָנוֹת:
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| 6[There were spreads of] white, fine cotton, and blue, embroidered with cords of linen and purple, on silver rods and marble columns; couches of gold and silver, on a pavement of green, white, shell, and onyx marble. |
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וח֣וּר | כַּרְפַּ֣ס וּתְכֵ֗לֶת אָחוּז֙ בְּחַבְלֵי־ב֣וּץ וְאַרְגָּמָ֔ן עַל־גְּלִ֥ילֵי כֶ֖סֶף וְעַמּ֣וּדֵי שֵׁ֑שׁ מִטּ֣וֹת | זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֗סֶף עַ֛ל רִֽצְפַ֥ת בַּֽהַט־וָשֵׁ֖שׁ וְדַ֥ר וְסֹחָֽרֶת: |
| white, fine cotton, and blue: He spread out various types of colored garments for them for spreads. |
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חוּר כַּרְפַּס וּתְכֵלֶת:
מִינֵי בְגָדִים צִבְעוֹנִים פֵּרַס לָהֶם לְמַצָּעוֹת:
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| embroidered with cords of linen and purple: embroidered with threads of linen and purple; he spread these out for them on rods of silver and on columns of marble. |
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אָחוּז בְּחַבְלֵי בוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן:
מְרֻקָּמִים בִּפְתִילֵי בוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן. אוֹתָן פֵּרַס לָהֶם עַל גְּלִילֵי כֶסֶף וְעַל עַמּוּדֵי שֵׁשׁ:
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| couches of gold and silver: he set [them] up to sit upon for the feast. |
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מִטּוֹת זָהָב וָכֶסֶף:
עָרַךְ לֵישֵׁב עֲלֵיהֶם לִסְעוּדָה:
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| on a pavement of: floors of green and white, etc. Our Sages identified them as kinds of precious stones, and according to the apparent meaning of the verse, these were their names. |
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עַל רִצְפַת:
קַרְקָעוֹת שֶׁל בַּהַט וָשֵׁשׁ, וגו'. מִינֵי אֲבָנִים טוֹבוֹת פֵּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ. וּלְפִי מַשְׁמָעוּת הַמִּקְרָא כַּךְ שְׁמָם:
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| 7And they gave them to drink in golden vessels, and the vessels differed from one another, and royal wine was plentiful according to the bounty of the king. |
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זוְהַשְׁקוֹת֙ בִּכְלֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב וְכֵלִ֖ים מִכֵּלִ֣ים שׁוֹנִ֑ים וְיֵ֥ין מַלְכ֛וּת רָ֖ב כְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ: |
| And they gave them to drink in golden vessels: Heb., like וּלְהַשְּׁקוֹת, and to give to drink. |
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וְהַשְׁקוֹת בִּכְלֵי זָהָב:
כְּמוֹ וּלְהַשְׁקוֹת:
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| and the vessels differed from one another: Heb. שּׁוֹנִים, different from each other, and likewise, (below 3:8) “and their laws differ (שּׁנוֹת),” and our Sages expounded what they expounded. |
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שׁוֹנִים:
מְשֻׁנִּים זֶה מִזֶּה, וְכֵן "וְדָתֵיהֶם שֹׁנוֹת". וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָרְשׁוּ מַה שֶׁדָּרְשׁוּ:
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| and royal wine was plentiful: It was abundant; and our Sages said that he gave each one to drink wine that was older than he. |
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וְיֵין מַלְכוּת רָב:
הַרְבֵּה. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ: שֶׁהִשְׁקָה אוֹתָם כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד יַיִן שֶׁהוּא זָקֵן מִמֶּנּוּ:
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| 8And the drinking was according to the law [with] no one coercing, for so had the king ordained upon every steward of his house, to do according to every man's wish. |
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חוְהַשְּׁתִיָּ֥ה כַדָּ֖ת אֵ֣ין אֹנֵ֑ס כִּי־כֵ֣ן | יִסַּ֣ד הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עַ֚ל כָּל־רַ֣ב בֵּית֔וֹ לַֽעֲשׂ֖וֹת כִּרְצ֥וֹן אִֽישׁ־וָאִֽישׁ: |
| according to the law: Because there are feasts in which they coerce those seated to drink [the contents] of a large vessel, and some can drink it only with difficulty, but here, no one coerced [anyone]. |
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כַדָּת:
לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ סְעוּדוֹת שֶׁכּוֹפִין אֶת הַמְּסֻבִּין לִשְׁתּוֹת כְּלִי גָדוֹל, וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִשְׁתּוֹתוֹ כִּי אִם בְּקֹשִׁי, אֲבָל כַּאן: "אֵין אוֹנֵס":
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| ordained: Heb. יִסַד, an expression referring to a foundation (יְסוֹד); i.e., so he instituted and ordained. |
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יִסַּד:
לְשׁוֹן יְסוֹד, כְּלוֹמַר, כֵּן תִּקֵּן וְצִוָּה:
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| upon every steward of his house: upon all the stewards of the feast: the chief baker, the chief butcher, and the chief butler. |
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עַל כָּל רַב בֵּיתוֹ:
עַל כָּל שָׂרֵי הַסְּעוּדָה, שַׂר הָאוֹפִים וְשַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים וְשַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים:
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| to do according to every man’s wish: Heb. אִישּׁ וָאִישּׁ, lit. man and man, for each one his desire. |
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לַעֲשׂוֹת כִּרְצוֹן אִישׁ וָאִישׁ:
לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד רְצוֹנוֹ:
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| 9Also, Vashti the queen made a banquet for the women, in the royal house of King Ahasuerus. |
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טגַּם וַשְׁתִּ֣י הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה עָֽשְׂתָ֖ה מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה נָשִׁ֑ים בֵּ֚ית הַמַּלְכ֔וּת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ: |
| 10On the seventh day, when the king's heart was merry with wine, he ordered Mehuman, Bizzetha, Harbona, Bigtha and Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas, the seven chamberlains who ministered in the presence of King Ahasuerus. |
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יבַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י כְּט֥וֹב לֵֽב־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בַּיָּ֑יִן אָמַ֡ר לִ֠מְהוּמָ֠ן בִּזְּתָ֨א חַרְבוֹנָ֜א בִּגְתָ֤א וַֽאֲבַגְתָא֙ זֵתַ֣ר וְכַרְכַּ֔ס שִׁבְעַת֙ הַסָּ֣רִיסִ֔ים הַֽמְשָׁ֣רְתִ֔ים אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ: |
| On the seventh day: Our Rabbis said that it was the Sabbath. |
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בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי:
רַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ: שַׁבָּת הָיָה:
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| 11To bring Vashti the queen before the king with the royal crown, to show the peoples and the princes her beauty, for she was of comely appearance. |
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יאלְ֠הָבִ֠יא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּכֶ֣תֶר מַלְכ֑וּת לְהַרְא֨וֹת הָֽעַמִּ֤ים וְהַשָּׂרִים אֶת־יָפְיָ֔הּ כִּֽי־טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה הִֽיא: |
| 12But Queen Vashti refused to come at the king's behest which was [brought] by the hand of the chamberlains, and the king became very wroth, and his anger burnt within him. |
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יבוַתְּמָאֵ֞ן הַמַּלְכָּ֣ה וַשְׁתִּ֗י לָבוֹא֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּיַ֣ד הַסָּֽרִיסִ֑ים וַיִּקְצֹ֤ף הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽחֲמָת֖וֹ בָּֽעֲרָ֥ה בֽוֹ: |
| But Queen Vashti refused: Our Rabbis said (Meg. 12b): Because leprosy broke out on her, in order that she should refuse and be killed. Because she would force Jewish girls to undress, and work on the Sabbath, it was decreed that she should be stripped naked on the Sabbath. |
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וַתְּמָאֵן הַמַּלְכָּה וַשְׁתִּי:
רַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ: לְפִי שֶׁפָּרְחָה בָהּ צָרַעַת כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּמָאֵן וְתֵהָרֵג. לְפִי שֶׁהָיְתָה מַפְשֶׁטֶת בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲרֻמּוֹת וְעוֹשָׂה בָהֶן מְלָאכָה בַּשַּׁבָּת, נִגְזַר עָלֶיהָ שֶׁתִּפָּשֵׁט עֲרֻמָּה בַּשַּׁבָּת:
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| became very wroth: because she sent him shameful words. |
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וַיִּקְצֹף:
שֶׁשָּׁלְחָה לוֹ דִבְרֵי גְנַאי:
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| 13And the king said to the wise men who knew the times-for so was the king's custom, [to present the case] before all who knew law and judgment. |
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יגוַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לַֽחֲכָמִ֖ים יֹֽדְעֵ֣י הָֽעִתִּ֑ים כִּי־כֵן֙ דְּבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִפְנֵ֕י כָּל־יֹֽדְעֵ֖י דָּ֥ת וָדִֽין: |
| for so was the king’s custom: For it was the king’s custom in every judgment to present the matter before all who knew law and judgment. |
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כִּי כֵן דְּבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ:
כִּי כֵן מִנְהַג הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּכָל מִשְׁפָּט לָשׂוּם אֶת הַדָּבָר "לִפְנֵי כָּל יוֹדְעֵי דָּת וָדִין":
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| 14And the nearest to him were Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, who sat first in the kingdom. |
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ידוְהַקָּרֹ֣ב אֵלָ֗יו כַּרְשְׁנָ֤א שֵׁתָר֙ אַדְמָ֣תָא תַרְשִׁ֔ישׁ מֶ֥רֶס מַרְסְנָ֖א מְמוּכָ֑ן שִׁבְעַ֞ת שָׂרֵ֣י | פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י רֹאֵי֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַיֹּֽשְׁבִ֥ים רִֽאשֹׁנָ֖ה בַּמַּלְכֽוּת: |
| And the nearest to him: to present his words before them were the following: Carshena, Shethar, etc. |
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וְהַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו:
לַעֲרֹךְ דְּבָרָיו לִפְנֵיהֶם. אֵלּוּ הֵם: כַּרְשְׁנָא שֵׁתָר, וגו':
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| 15"According to the law, what shall be done to Queen Vashti, inasmuch as she did not comply with the order of the king, [brought] by the hand of the chamberlains?" |
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טוכְּדָת֙ מַֽה־לַּֽעֲשׂ֔וֹת בַּמַּלְכָּ֖ה וַשְׁתִּ֑י עַ֣ל | אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־עָֽשְׂתָ֗ה אֶֽת־מַֽאֲמַר֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ בְּיַ֖ד הַסָּֽרִיסִֽים: |
| According to the law what [is there] to do: This refers back to “And the king said to the wise men.” |
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כְּדָת מַה לַּעֲשׂוֹת:
מוּסָב עַל "וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ לַחֲכָמִים":
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| 16Then Memucan declared before the king and the princes, "Not against the king alone has Vashti the queen done wrong, but against all the princes and all the peoples that are in all King Ahasuerus's provinces. |
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טזוַיֹּ֣אמֶר מְמֻכָ֗ן (מומכ֗ן כתיב) לִפְנֵ֤י הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ וְהַשָּׂרִים לֹ֤א עַל־הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ עָֽוְתָ֖ה וַשְׁתִּ֣י הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְעַל־כָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֕ר בְּכָל־מְדִינ֖וֹת הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ: |
| has… done wrong: Heb. עָוְתֳה, an expression of iniquity (עָוֹן). |
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עָוְתָה:
לְשׁוֹן עָוֹן:
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| 17For the word of the queen will spread to all the women, to make them despise their husbands in their eyes, when they say, 'King Ahasuerus ordered to bring Vashti the queen before him, but she did not come.' |
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יזכִּֽי־יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־הַמַּלְכָּה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים לְהַבְז֥וֹת בַּעְלֵיהֶ֖ן בְּעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ן בְּאָמְרָ֗ם הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ אָמַ֞ר לְהָבִ֨יא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה לְפָנָ֖יו וְלֹא־בָֽאָה: |
| For the word of the queen will spread to all the women: that she disgraced the king- [this will cause] all the women to despise their husbands as well. |
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כִּי יֵצֵא דְבַר הַמַּלְכָּה עַל כָּל הַנָּשִׁים:
זֶה שֶׁבִּזְּתָה אֶת הַמֶּלֶךְ עַל כָּל הַנָּשִׁים לְהַבְזוֹת אַף הֵן אֶת בַּעֲלֵיהֶן:
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| 18And this day, the princesses of Persia and Media who heard the word of the queen will say [the like] to all the princes of the king, and [there will be] much contempt and wrath. |
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יחוְֽהַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה תֹּאמַ֣רְנָה | שָׂר֣וֹת פָּֽרַס־וּמָדַ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל שָׂרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּכְדַ֖י בִּזָּי֥וֹן וָקָֽצֶף: |
| the princesses of Persia and Media, etc. will say: this word to all the princes; this is an ellipsis. |
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תּאמַרְנָה שָׂרוֹת פָּרַס וּמָדַי וגו':
לְכֹל שָׂרֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה. וַהֲרֵי זֶה מִקְרָא קָצֵר:
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| and much contempt and wrath: And in this matter, there is much contempt and wrath. |
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וּכְדַי בִּזָּיוֹן:
וְיֵשׁ בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה הַרְבֵּה בִזָּיוֹן וָקָצֶף:
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| 19If it please the king, let a royal edict go forth from before him, and let it be inscribed in the laws of Persia and Media, and let it not be revoked, that Vashti shall not come before King Ahasuerus, and let the king give her royal position to her peer who is better than she. |
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יטאִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֗וֹב יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־מַלְכוּת֙ מִלְּפָנָ֔יו וְיִכָּתֵ֛ב בְּדָתֵ֥י פָֽרַס־וּמָדַ֖י וְלֹ֣א יַֽעֲב֑וֹר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תָב֜וֹא וַשְׁתִּ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וּמַלְכוּתָהּ֙ יִתֵּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִרְעוּתָ֖הּ הַטּוֹבָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנָּה: |
| a royal edict: a royal edict of revenge, i.e., that he commanded to execute her. |
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דְבַר מַלְכוּת:
גְּזֵרַת מַלְכוּת שֶׁל נְקָמָה שֶׁצִּוָּה לְהָרְגָהּ:
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| and let it be inscribed in the laws of Persia and Media: in the books of the statutes and the customs of the kingdom. |
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וְיִכָּתֵב בְּדָתֵי פָרַס וּמָדַי:
בְּסִפְרֵי חֹק וּמִנְהַג הַמַּלְכוּת:
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| and let it not be revoked: this statute from among them; this should be a statute and a law for anyone who shows contempt for her husband. |
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וְלֹא יַעֲבוֹר:
חוֹק זֶה מִבֵּינֵיהֶם שֶׁיְּהֵא זֶה חוֹק וְדָת לְכָל הַבּוֹזָה אֶת בַּעְלָהּ:
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| that Vashti did not come: and therefore, she was executed. |
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אֲשֶׁר לֹא תָבוֹא וַשְׁתִּי:
וּלְכַךְ נֶהֶרְגָה:
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| 20And let the verdict of the king be heard throughout his entire kingdom, although it is great, and all the women shall give honor to their husbands, both great and small." |
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כוְנִשְׁמַע֩ פִּתְגָ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲשֶֽׁר־יַֽעֲשֶׂה֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה הִ֑יא וְכָל־הַנָּשִׁ֗ים יִתְּנ֤וּ יְקָר֙ לְבַעְלֵיהֶ֔ן לְמִגָּד֖וֹל וְעַד־קָטָֽן: |
| 21And the matter pleased the king and the princes, and the king did according to the word of Memucan. |
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כאוַיִּיטַב֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כִּדְבַ֥ר מְמוּכָֽן: |
| 22And he sent letters to all the king's provinces, to every province according to its script, and to every nationality according to its language, that every man dominate in his household and speak according to the language of his nationality. |
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כבוַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח סְפָרִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְאֶל־עַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ לִֽהְי֤וֹת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ שֹׂרֵ֣ר בְּבֵית֔וֹ וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽוֹ: |
| and speak according to the language of his nationality: He can compel his wife to learn his language if her native tongue is different. |
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וּמְדַבֵּר כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ:
כּוֹפֶה אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ לִלְמֹד אֶת לְשׁוֹנוֹ אִם הִיא בַּת לָשׁוֹן אַחֵר:
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