Subterranean
Size: ⅛ to ⅜ inches
Color: Range from pale cream to dark brown or black
Habitat: Build colonies underground and require moist environments
Location: Most common type in the U.S., present in every state except Alaska
What does a termite look like?
Understanding what termites look like is crucial for any homeowner, as it can be the first step in preventing significant damage to your property. By knowing the characteristics of termites, you can identify an infestation early and seek professional help before they compromise the structural integrity of your home.
Key characteristics of termites
So, what does a termite look like? Where do they live? How can you tell if you have termites? Here are some quick tips to help identify whether or not you have a termite infestation on your hands.
A termite's size can range from one-eighth of an inch to one inch long. Besides a termite’s size, some other key characteristics of termites include their straight, beaded antennae and waist, which is generally straight and thicker compared to the pinched waist of ants, a common insect they are mistaken for.
Termites have two pairs of wings of equal length, which they shed after finding a place to build a new colony. Their bodies can be segmented, and depending on their role within the colony (worker, soldier, or reproductive), their appearance may vary slightly.
What color are termites?
What termites look like, especially in color, can significantly vary depending on their species and role within the colony. Generally, their colors range from white and light beige to darker shades like brown and black. These color differences can assist in quickly determining the termite's role and the potential threat level to structures.
Black termites
Black termites are typically swarming termites, which are termites that leave the colony to mate and establish new colonies after sprouting wings. These termites will appear dark in color, generally dark brown or black.
White termites
If you find white termites in your home, they're likely worker termites, visible when you disrupt their mud tubes or infested wood. These termites are creamy yellow-white or pale tan. The presence of white worker termites suggests a termite colony is attacking the structure. Soldier termites may also be light in color and have darker, orange-colored heads. Termite eggs and larvae inside nests are also white or light-colored, with eggs resembling translucent jelly beans. As larvae mature, their color may change based on their colony role.
Brown (amber) termites
Like black termites, brown (or amber) termites are usually swarming termites. These termites may be reproductive termites (swarmers) or soldiers within the colony. Both tend to be seen outside the nest, as their roles do not involve working inside the nest, as white worker termites do. It may be hard to distinguish between black and brown termites, as they can appear similar in color.
How to identify different species of termites
In the United States, homeowners commonly encounter three types of termites: subterranean, drywood, and formosan termites. Here’s a brief breakdown of what these termites look like and some of their key differences:
Drywood
Size: ⅜ to 1 inch
Color: Range from pale brown, light yellowish tan, to dark brown
Habitat: Live in dry wood above ground level
Location: Warmer climates can be found in southern states of the U.S
Formosan
Size: ⅛ to ½ inch
Color: Range from caramel to brownish-yellow
Habitat: Nest underground but can establish nests in walls or attics for moisture
Location: Found in the southern U.S., Hawaii, and parts of the Gulf Coast
Bugs mistaken for termites
Spotting termites can be tricky. Many other insects share physical and behavioral similarities to termites. Understanding what termites look like compared to these common look-alikes can be crucial for identifying a potential termite threat.
Termites vs. ants
It's important to look at several physical characteristics to differentiate termites from ants. Termites have two sets of wings that are equal in length and have straight antennae. Ants have a bent antenna and two sets of wings of different lengths, with the forewings being broader than the narrow, shorter hindwings. Another notable difference is their body shape; termites have broad waists, whereas ants have narrow, pinched waists.
Termites vs. carpenter bees
Carpenter bees have robust, black, and yellow bodies resembling bumblebees; however, they have a shiny, hairless abdomen and a distinctive waist, unlike termites, which have a uniform, pale body color and are generally smaller with a softer, segmented body structure. Like ants, carpenter bees are mistaken for termites because of the damage they cause to wood rather than what they look like. Like carpenter ants, carpenter bees don't feed on wood but tunnel into it, drilling holes and creating nests.
How can you tell you have termites?
Discovering termites in your home can be unsettling, given the damage they can inflict on structures. Early detection of termites is vital. Look for signs such as discarded wings near entry points, mud tubes on walls, hollow-sounding wood, frass, and visible wood damage, and identify termites by their color, from creamy white workers to dark brown or black swarmers.
When these signs become apparent, it's time to call a termite control expert. At Terminix, our trained technicians are equipped to identify what termites look like, understand their habits, and implement the most effective treatment methods. If you see signs of termites, schedule a free termite inspection today.