英国国王查尔斯三世的加冕仪式将于 2023 年 5 月 6 日举行，有哪些信息值得关注？
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Why the back-to-back health announcements from King Charles III and Kate were so unusual?
The double health announcements from the United Kingdom’s royal family—on Kate, the Princess of Wales’ abdominal surgery, and King Charles III’s prostate treatment—have put a spotlight on the private lives of senior royals.
Details of royal health are always a tricky issue in the U.K. because members of the monarchy are private individuals but also, in a sense, public property.
Charles, 75, is head of state, and Kate, 42, is destined to be queen when her husband, Prince William, succeeds his father on the throne.
The brief media statements on the health scares were so unusual that they dominated Thursday’s newspaper front pages, with headlines calling them royal health bombshells.
The disclosure of Charles’ and Kate’s health details was seen by some royal observers as a sign that the monarchy is adapting to modern communications after centuries of staying tight-lipped about health matters.
What was announced?
Royal officials announced Wednesday that Kate had undergone planned abdominal surgery and was expected to remain in the London clinic, a private hospital, for 10 to 14 days. She isn’t expected to resume public duties until April.
The princess’ office at Kensington Place didn’t offer further details but said that her condition wasn’t cancerous. Though she has generally experienced good health and is seen as fit and sporty, Kate was hospitalized during her pregnancy because of severe morning sickness.
William also has postponed some official duties so that he can devote time to his wife and their three children. He visited his wife on Thursday, and British media reported that the princess of Valses was doing well.
Soon after the announcement of Kate’s hospitalization, Buckingham Palace said that Charles will undergo a corrective procedure for an enlarged prostate next week.
The palace said the king’s condition is benign. Queen Camilla said Thursday that Charles was fine and looking forward to getting back to work.
A history of secrecy.
When U.K. monarchs had real power, news of illness was withheld for fear it might weaken their authority. The habit of secrecy lingered after royals became constitutional figureheads.
The British public wasn’t told that Charles’ grandfather, King George VI, had lung cancer before his death in February 1952 at the age of 56, and some historians have claimed that the king himself wasn’t told he was terminally ill.
The public death announcement said only that the king had passed peacefully away in his sleep.
His father, King George V, died in 1936 after suffering from heart and lung disease.
A half-century later, diary extracts were published revealing that the king’s physician had injected the terminally ill monarch with morphine and cocaine to speed his death, partly so it could be announced in the morning newspapers rather than the less appropriate evening journals.
Greater openness?
The U.K. and international media have been focused on the health of Britain’s senior royals in recent years as the late Queen Elizabeth II faded from public view during the last months of her 70-year reign.
Even then, few specific details were released about the late monarch’s condition.
The public was told only that the queen was suffering from mobility issues. The cause of her death in September 2022, at the age of 96, was listed on the death certificate simply as old age.
Wednesday’s announcements gave more details than the public would have expected in the past.
Some royal experts said that while the latest statement on Kate was coy and shrouded in some secrecy, the one on Charles showed that the monarch was keen to try a new and more open kind of communication.
The publicity was seen as a decision by Charles to help boost awareness of prostate health and encourage other men to have their prostates checked.
I think it symbolizes the kind of campaigning king that Charles is—he wants to put this issue on the agenda by being quite open and candid, Ed Owens, a royal historian and author, told the Associated Press.
We know that King Charles wants to talk about issues of personal significance, and there’s nothing more significant or personal to him than his health.
Releasing the news about both royals on the same day was also about news management, Owens added.
While Kate’s condition sounded more serious, the king’s can be seen as a positive news story to complement a more complicated one in the case of Catherine’s health, he said.
It means that we haven’t got the story rolling on about what exactly Kate's been suffering from. Rather, we are instead talking about King Charles III and his wanting to set a good example for men his age, Owen said.
2023年11月7日，查尔斯国王作为国会开幕仪式的一部分发表国王讲话。这是他即位后的D一次国王讲话，尽管他在2022年5月代表母亲发表了女王讲话。
国王讲话是GOV概述未来几个月政策重点的机会。它是国会开幕典礼的关键组成部分，标志着新的议会年度开始。下一届议会届时很可能是在2025年1月之前的大选蕞后一届。
国王讲话是什么？
国王讲话传统上是国会开幕仪式的一部分，包括国王从白金汉宫乘坐马车前往威斯敏斯特的隆重仪式。国王到达后，使用君主入口，这是专为君主保留的入口。然后，国王前往上议院的宝座。议会议员由黑杆（目前由萨拉·克拉克担任）召集到上议院。在进入下议院之前，黑杆会面临门被关上的情况，象征着下议院与君主的独立。
国王讲话详细列出GOV计划在未来一年内提交给议会的法律。上议院的议员、贵族和其他要员通常静静聆听。传统上，担任宫|廷副总管职务的GOV议员（目前是乔·丘吉尔）在国王在议会时被“扣押”在白金汉宫，以确保君主平安归来。
国王的稿子是谁撰写的？
国王讲话由GOV编写。其长度取决于拟议法律数量和其他公告，但通常持续约10分钟。君主以中立的语调发表讲话，以避免出现政治支持的迹象。
国王讲话是否需要投票？
是的。国王讲话发表后大约两小时，议员们重新集会在下议院开始讨论其内容。在两名议员发表介绍性讲话之后，Prime相将向下议院“推销”国王讲话，提出国家愿景。然后，反对党Leader有机会回应，之后其他议员也可以做出贡献。
有关所谓的“恭顺致辞”的辩论通常持续约五天。在辩论结束时，会进行一次投票。通常这被视为象征性的，因为GOV极少会在此次投票中失败。实际上，上一次GOV在投票中失败是在1924年1月，当时的保守党Prime相斯坦利·鲍德温失去了前一个月大选中的多数席位。尽管如此，鲍德温依然进行了国王讲话，当时的君主是乔治五世，但他被迫辞职，工党组建了一个短暂的GOV。
2023年的国王讲话可能包括引入以下新法律：
- 使市政更难引入20英里/小时限速区域
- 强迫罪犯出席判决听证会
- 对商店行窃和其他一些罪行强制监禁刑期
- 逐步实施吸烟禁令
- 关于禁止租房人的“无过错”驱逐和逐步淘汰英格兰和威尔士的一些地役权规定的计划已经得到确认。
租户（改革）法案
在2019年的大选宣言中，GOV承诺提供“更好的租户待遇”，包括“废除‘无过错’驱逐，并只要求一次与租户同行的‘终身’押金”。
在2022年女王讲话中，GOV宣布将在2022-23议会会期内引入租户改革法案。它表明该法案的目的将是：
“履行宣言中的承诺，废除所谓的‘无过错’第21条驱逐，加强房东的占有权，实现缩小到2030年前非体面租住房屋数量的使命，并创建一个更加公平和有效的租赁市场，有益于租户和房东。”
租户（改革）法案于2023年5月17日由GOV在下议院提出。该法案的主要内容包括：
- 通过废除住房法1988年第21条来废除‘无过错’驱逐，转而采用“更简单的租赁结构”。
- 修改和加强房东寻求重新占有房产的依据，例如在反社会行为和重复租金拖欠案件中。
- 引入新的私人租赁部门仲裁员。
- 创建一个私人租赁物业门户，帮助房东了解他们的法律义务并证明合规性。
- 提供更强有力的保护，以防止“后门驱逐”，确保租户可以上诉“高于市场租金”，这些租金“纯粹是为了迫使他们搬离”。
- 赋予租户请求在物业中养宠物的权利，房东“必须考虑并不能不合理地拒绝”。作为回报，房东可以要求租户买宠物保险以支付任何财产损坏。
该法案的第二次读会于2023年10月23日举行。在第二次读会期间，负责协调政策的大臣迈克尔·戈夫宣布，法案中的一些改革，比如废除第21条的驱逐，将被推迟，直到司法系统“适合其用途”。
租赁产权法案
- 新建别墅强制为永9产权：自这一改革消息初次公布以来，租赁产权的新建别墅的销售数量有明显的下滑。建筑商之所以按照租赁产权销售别墅，是为了通过地租来保留一部分未来续产权年限的利润。这个改革方案虽然会有效减少房产所有者在持有房产过程中的费用，但也不可避免的造成初始买房费用的增加。
- 限制已有地租的涨幅：这一改革的阻力非常大。地租因其稳定的现金流，以及极低的持有费用，深受养老基金机构的青睐。因此，不太可能在短时间内将已有地租降低为名义地租
- 可一次性延长至990年：此前已宣布计划允许租赁产权业主有权将租期一次直接延长至990年，而不是目前的90年，可有效降低再次续租的费用。
- 废除“合并价值”：英国可能采取一些措施来废除或者改进合并价值的计算方式。这一改革在已有的租赁产权中实施的话，可见的困难很多，勉强实施的话，恐怕会事与愿违，造成二手房市场的房价虚高。
- 地产管理费改进：目前以公寓为主的物业管理公司相对规范，但是地产管理公司方面则尤为良莠不齐。地产管理公司一般是管理复合型的小区，包括别墅和公寓。对于别墅，地产管理公司一般将物业费隐藏在所谓的租金中。对此，很高的呼吁希望地产公司跟物业管理公司一样受到完善的监管和投诉机制。