A Prologue to Revolution: The Political Career of George Grenville (1712-1770)George Grenville was King George III's First Minister from 1763 to 1765. The central issue of Grenville's administration was to deal with the aftermath of the Seven Year's War, particularly with the sharply increased national debt and the cost of continued protection of the American colonies. In seeking to balance the national budget, he blundered into levying taxes on the Americans. The Sugar Act of 1764 aroused very little opposition or even discussion. But it was an entering wedge. The ease with which it sailed through Parliament led Grenville to propose another American tax, the Stamp Act. This aroused vigorous, even violent opposition, both in America and among the business community in Great Britain. Grenville's career also saw the development of numerous techniques for shaping and manipulating public opinion, and he was intimately involved in using them, particularly the newspaper and pamphlet press. He was one of those principally involved in attempting to suppress John Wilkes and the North Briton No. 45, an episode in the evolution of freedom of the press in Great Britain. Grenville was dismissed from office by the King because of issues that had nothing to do with American taxation. The years between 1765 and 1770, between his dismissal and his death, show a mellowing as well as maturing of his political wisdom. Increasingly he played the role of elder statesmen, advising the House of Commons on important questions concerning not only American taxation but freedom of the press and freedom of elections. |
Contents
THE FORMATIVE YEARS 17121741 | 1 |
POLITICS AND POLITICIANS 17211770 | 17 |
THE BOY PATRIOTS 17411744 | 35 |
GRENVILLE AND PITT 17441755 | 51 |
GRENVILLE AND BUTE 17551762 | 77 |
THE BUTE MINISTRY 17621763 | 107 |
COURTS LEGAL AND ROYAL APRILSEPTEMBER 1763 | 129 |
THE PARLIAMENTARY WAR 17631764 | 149 |
THE REGENCY BILL APRILMAY 1765 | 205 |
THE DOWNFALL MAYJULY 1765 | 221 |
THE VALLEY OF INDECISION JULY 1765JANUARY 1766 | 239 |
REPEALS REVERSALS AND REVISIONS 1766 | 255 |
THE OPPOSITION TO CHATHAM 17661767 | 277 |
ELDER STATESMAN 17681770 | 297 |
CONCLUSIONS | 323 |
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY | 331 |
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Common terms and phrases
administration American appeared April Bedford Correspondence bill British brothers Buckinghamshire Bute Bute's Cabinet Council Charles Chatham MSS Cobham colonies Conway Cruwys Cumberland debate December declared Devonshire Dick Duke Earl Egremont election factions February February 15 Fortescue friends George Grenville George III Grafton Grenville Papers Grenville's diary Grenville's narrative Halifax Hardwicke MSS Hist Horace Walpole House of Commons January Jenkinson July June King King's London Lord Lord Bute Lyttelton March McCulloh measures ministers ministry motion Murray MSS negotiations Newcastle MSS North Briton Northington November October October 13 opposition Papers of George Parl Parliament Parliamentary peace Pelham Pitt and Temple Pitt Correspondence Pitt's political refused repeal resigned revenue Richard Grenville Secretary September session Shelburne Stamp Act stamp duty Stowe MSS Sugar Act Temple's tion took Townshend Treasury Papers vols vote Walpole Walpole's Letters Whately Wilkes Wilkes's William Wotton wrote Yorke