Mengjiang

Mengjiang
Mengjiang
Chinese name
Chinese	蒙疆
Literal meaning	Mongolian Frontier
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Měngjiāng
Wade–Giles	Meng3-chiang1
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic	Мэнжян
Mongolian script	ᠮᠡᠩᠵᠢᠩ
Japanese name
Kanji	蒙疆
Revised Hepburn
Transcriptions
Revised Hepburn	Mōkyō

Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
(1939–1941)
蒙疆聯合自治政府 (Japanese, Chinese)
*Měngjiāng Liánhé Zìzhì Zhèngfǔ*
*Mōkyō Rengō Jichi Seifu*
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ
ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ
ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ
ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ
ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ
ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ
*Монголын Өөртөө Засах Холбоот Засгийн Ордон* (Mongolian)
Mongolian Autonomous State
(1941–1945)
蒙古自治邦 (Japanese, Chinese)
*Ménggǔ Zìzhì Bāng*
*Mōko Jichi Hō*
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ
ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ
ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ
ᠤᠯᠰ

*Монголын Өөртөө Засах Yлс* (Mongolian)
Mengjiang United Autonomous Government; (1939–1941); 蒙疆聯合自治政府 (Japanese, Chinese); Měngjiāng Liánhé Zìzhì Zhèngfǔ; Mōkyō Rengō Jichi Seifu; ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ; ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ; ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ; ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ; ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ; ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ; Монголын Өөртөө Засах Холбоот Засгийн Ордон (Mongolian); Mongolian Autonomous State; (1941–1945); 蒙古自治邦 (Japanese, Chinese); Ménggǔ Zìzhì Bāng; Mōko Jichi Hō; ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ; ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ; ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ; ᠤᠯᠰ; ; Монголын Өөртөө Засах Yлс (Mongolian)
1939–1945
	Flag Emblem
Status	Puppet state of the Empire of Japan (1939–40); Autonomous region of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (1940–45);
Capital	Kalgan
Common languages	Chinese; Mongolian; Japanese;
Religion	Buddhism (Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Japanese Buddhism); Chinese folk religion; Taoism; Confucianism; Mongolian folk religion;
Government	Military dictatorship
Head of state
• 1939–1945	Demchugdongrub
Historical era	Second Sino-Japanese War; World War II;
• Established	1 September 1939
• Incorporated into the Reorganized National Government as an autonomous region	24 March 1940
• Disestablished	19 August 1945
Currency	Mengjiang yuan
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Republic of China
	Mongol United Autonomous Government
	South Chahar Autonomous Government
	North Shanxi Autonomous Government
Reorganized National Government of China
Soviet occupation of Manchuria
Today part of	China

Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang or the Mongol Border Land,^[5] officially the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous zone in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being under the nominal sovereignty of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (which was itself also a puppet state). It consisted of the previously Chinese provinces of Chahar and Suiyuan,^[6] corresponding to the central part of modern Inner Mongolia. It has also been called Mongukuo^[7] or Mengguguo (or Mengkukuo; Chinese: 蒙古國; in analogy to Manchukuo, another Japanese puppet state in Manchuria). The capital was Kalgan, from where it was under the nominal rule of Mongol nobleman Demchugdongrub. The territory returned to Chinese control after the defeat of the Japanese Empire in 1945.