INTERNAL REVENUE CODE
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TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE

Act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 3

The following tables have been prepared as aids in comparing provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (redesignated the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095) with provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939. No inferences, implications, or presumptions of legislative construction or intent are to be drawn or made by reason of such tables.

Citations to "R.A." refer to the sections of earlier Revenue Acts.

Table I
1939 Code

section number

1986 Code

section number

1 Omitted
2 7806(a)
3, 4 Omitted
11 1
12(a), (b)(1), (2) Omitted
12(b)(3), (c) 1
12(d) 2
12(e) Omitted
12(f) 1
12(g), 13(a) Omitted
13(b) 11
13(c)–(f), 14 Omitted
15(a), (b) 11
15(c) 1551
21 63
22(a) 61
22(b)(1) 101
22(b)(2)(A) 72
22(b)(2)(B) 72, 403
22(b)(2)(C) 72
22(b)(3)–(5) 102–104
22(b)(6) 107
22(b)(7) 894
22(b)(8) 115, 526, 892, 893, 911, 912, 933, 943
22(b)(9), (10) 108
22(b)(11)–(14) 109, 111–113
22(b)(15) 621
22(b)(16), (17) 114, 121
22(c) 471
22(d)(1)–(5) 472
22(d)(6) 1321, 6155(a)
22(e) 301(a)
22(f) 1001
22(g) 861, 862, 863, 864
22(h) Chapter 1, Subchapter G, Part III
22(i) Omitted
22(j) 76
22(k) 71
22(l) 691
22(m) 73, 6201(c)
22(n) 62
22(o) 75
23 161, 211
23(a)(1)(A), (B) 162
23(a)(1)(C) 263
23(a)(2) 212
23(b) 163, 265
23(c)(1) 164
23(c)(2) Omitted
23(c)(3), (d) 164
23(e)–(i) 165
23(j) 1091
23(k)(1) 166, 593
23(k)(2) 165(g)(1), 166(e), 582
23(k)(3) 165(g)(2)
23(k)(4), (5) 166
23(k)(6) 166, 271
23(l) 167
23(m) 611
23(n) 167
23(o) 170
23(p) 404
23(q) 170
23(r) 591
23(s) 172
23(t) 168, 169
23(u) 215
23(v) 171
23(w) 691
23(x) 213
23(y) Omitted
23(z) 216
23(aa)(1) 141
23(aa)(2) 36
23(aa)(3) 144
23(aa)(4) 4, 142
23(aa)(5)–(7) 142–144
23(bb) 173
23(cc) 616
23(dd) 592
23(ee) 1202
23(ff) 615
24(a) 261
24(a)(1) 262
24(a)(2), (3) 263
24(a)(4), (5) 264, 265
24(a)(6) 264
24(a)(7) 266
24(b), (c) 267
24(d) 273
24(e) 1451
24(f) 268
25(a) 35
25(b)(1) 151
25(b)(2) 153
25(b)(3) 152
26 241
26(a) 242
26(b)(1)–(3) 243–245
26(b) 246
26(c) 545, 556
26(d) 535, 545, 601
26(e) Omitted
26(f) 561, 562, 564
26(g) 565
26(h) 247
26(i) 922
27(a) 561
27(b) 535, 562
27(c)–(i) 562, 564
28 565
31 33
32 32
33 6401
34 Omitted
35 31
41 441, 446
42(a) 451
42(b)–(d) 454
43 461
44 453, 7101
45 482
46 442
47 443, 6011(a)
48 441, 7701
51 6001, 6011(a)
51(a) 6001, 6012(a), 6065(b)
51(b) 6012(b)(1), 6013(a), 6014(b)
51(c) 6012(b)
51(d) Omitted. See 6064.
51(e) 6065(a)
51(f) 6014(a), (b), 6151(a), (b), 6155(a)
51(g) 6012(b), 6013(b), 6653(a), 6659
52 6012(a), (b), 6062
53 6072, 6081, 6091
54(a)–(b) 6001
54(c)–(e) Omitted
54(f) 6033(a), 6065(b)
55 6103, 7213(a)
56(a) 6151(a)
56(b) 6152, 6601(c)(2)
56(c) 6161(a), 6162(a), 6165, 7101
56(d)–(f) Omitted
56(g) 6313
56(h) Omitted
56(i) 6151(b)
56(j), 57 Omitted
58 6012(b), 6015, 6064, 6065, 6073(a), (c), 6081(a), 6091(b), 6103, 6161(a)
59(a)–(c) 6153
59(d) 6201(b), 6315, 6601(g)
60 6015(g), 6073(b), (d), (e), 6091(b), 6153(b), (d), (e)
61 Omitted
62 7805
63 6108
64 7701
101(1)–(11), (13)–(19) 501
101(12) 521, 522
101 502
102(a) 531, 532
102(b), (c) 533
102(d), (e) 535, 541
102(f) 536
103 891
104(a) 581
104(b) 11
105 632
106 1347
107(a), (b) 1301, 1302
107(c) 1304(a)
107(d) 1303
107(e) 1304(b)
108 21
109 921
110 594
111 1001
112(a) 1002
112(b)(1) 1031
112(b)(2) 1036
112(b)(3) 354, 355
112(b)(4) 361
112(b)(5) 351
112(b)(6) 332
112(b)(6)(D) 7101
112(b)(7) 333
112(b)(8) 1081
112(b)(9) 373
112(b)(10) 371
112(b)(11) 355
112(c) 351, 356, 371, 1031
112(d) 361, 371
112(e) 351, 356, 361, 371, 1031
112(f) 1033
112(g), (h) 368
112(i) 367
112(j) Omitted
112(k) 357, 371
112(l) 371
112(m) 1071
112(n) 1034
113(a) 1012
113(a)(1) 1013
113(a)(2)–(4) 1015
113(a)(5) 1014
113(a)(6) 358, 1031
113(a)(7), (8) 362
113(a)(9) 1033
113(a)(10) 1091
113(a)(11), (12) 1051, 1052
113(a)(13) 723, 732
113(a)(14) 1053
113(a)(15) 334
113(a)(16) 1052
113(a)(17) 1082
113(a)(18) 334
113(a)(19) 307
113(a)(20), (21) 373
113(a)(22) 372
113(a)(23) 358
113(b) 1011
113(b)(1), (2) 1016
113(b)(3), (4) 1017, 1018
113(c), (d) 1019, 1020
113(e) 1022
114(a) 167(f)
114(b)(1) 612
114(b)(2) Omitted
114(b)(3) 613(b)(3)
114(b)(4) 613(b)(4)
115(a) 301, 316
115(b) 301, 316
115(c) 302, 312, 331, 342
115(d), (e) 301
115(f) 305
115(g)(1) 302
115(g)(2) 304
115(g)(3) 303
115(h) 312
115(i) 302, 346
115(j) 301
115(k) Omitted
115(l), (m) 312
116(a) 911
116(b) Omitted
116(c) 892
116(d), (e) 115
116(f) 943
116(g) 526
116(h) 893
116(i) 121(a)(17)
116(j), (k) 912
116(l) 933
117(a) 1221, 1222
117(b) 1202
117(c) 1201
117(d) 1211
117(e)(1) 1212
117(e)(2) Omitted
117(f) 1232
117(g)(1), (2) 1233, 1234
117(g)(3) 1238
117(h) 1223
117(i) 582
117(j) 1231
117(k) 631
117(l) 1233
117(m) 341
117(n) 1236
117(o), (p) 1239, 1240
118 1091
119(a), (b) 861
119(c), (d) 862
119(e) 861, 862, 863
119(f) 864
120 170
121 583
122 172
123 77
124 Omitted
124A, 124B 168, 169
125 171
126 691
127(a), (b) Omitted
127(c)(1)–(5) 1331–1335
127(d) 1336
127(e), (f) 1337
128 1346
129, 130 269, 270
130A 421
131(a) 901
131(b) 904
131(c) 905, 6155(a), 7101
131(d), (e) 905
131(f) 902
131(g) 901(c)
131(h) 903
131(i) 905
141 1501–1505, 6071, 6081(a), 6091(b)(2), 6503(a)(2)
142 6012(a), (b), 6065(a)
143(a) 1451
143(b) 1441
143(c) 1461, 6011(a), 6072(a), 6091(b), 6151(a)
143(d), (e) 1462, 1463
143(f) 1464, 6414
143(g) 1461
143(h) 1443, 6151
144 1442, 6151(a)
145 7201, 7202, 7203, 7343
146 443, 6155(a), 6601(a), 6658, 6851, 7101
147 6041(b), (c), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a)
148 6042, 6043, 6044, 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a)
149 6045, 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a)
150 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a), 7001(a), 7231
151 Omitted
153(a) 6033(b), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a)
153(b) 6034, 6071, 6081(b), 6091(a)
153(c) 6104
153(d) 7201, 7203
154 692
161 641
162(a) 642(c)
162(b) 651, 652, 661, 662
162(c) 661
162(d) 643, 663
162(e), (f) 642
162(g) 681
163(a)(1), (2), (b) 642
163(c) 642(a)(1)
164 652, 662
165(a) 401, 501(a)
165(b)–(d) 402
166, 167 676, 677
168 642
169(a)–(c) 584, 6065
169(d)(1)–(4), (e) 584
169(f) 6032, 6065(a)
169(g) 584
170 584, 642
171 682
172 642
181, 182 701, 702
183(a), (b) 702, 703
183(c) 702
183(d) 703(a)
184, 186 702
187 6031, 6063, 6065(a)
188 706
189 702, 703
190 Omitted
191 704
201(a)(1) 802
201(a)(2), (3) 807
201(b) 801
201(c)(1)–(7) 803(a)–(g)
201(d)–(f) 803(h)–(j)
201(g), 202(a) Omitted
202(b) 804(a)
202(c) 806
203 Omitted
203A 805
204(a)(1) 831(a)
204(a)(2) 831(b), 832
204(a)(3) 831(b)
204(b)(1) 832(b)(1)
204(b)(2) 832(a)
204(b)(3)–(7) 832(b)(2)–(6)
204(c)–(e) 832(c)–(e)
204(f) 832(c)(12)
205, 206 841, 842
207(a)(1), (2) 821(a)
207(a)(3), (4) 821(b), (c)
207(a)(5) 822(e)
207(a)(6) 821(d)
207(b)(1) 822(a), (b)
207(b)(2), (3) 823(1), (2)
207(b)(4) 822(a)
207(b)(4)(A)–(F) 822(c)
207(c), (d) 822(d)(1), (2)
207(e) 822(e)
207(f) 822(d)(3)
207(g), 208 Omitted
211, 212 871, 872
213(a)–(c) 873
213(d) 142(b)(1)
214 873
215 874, 6011(a), 6065(b)
216 874
217 6011(a), 6012(a), 6072(c)
218(a) 6151(a)
219 875
220 876
221 877
231(a) 881
231(b), (c) 882(a), (b)
231(d) 883
232(a), (b) 882
233 882, 6065(a)
234 882
235(a) 882, 6011(a), 6072(c)
235(b) 6012(a)
236(a) 6151(a)
236(b) 884(1)
237 884(3)
238 884(4)
251 931, 6011(a)
252 932
261 11
262 941
263 942
265 943
271 6211, 6653(c)(1)
272(a) 6212(a), (b)(2), 6213(a)
272(b) 6155(a), 6215(a)
272(c) 6155(a), 6213(c)
272(d) 6213(d)
272(e) 6214(a)
272(f) 6212(c), 6213(b)(1)
272(g), (h) 6214(b), (c)
272(i) 6152(c), 6601(c)(2)
272(j) 6161(b), 6165, 7101
272(k) 6212(b)
273(a)–(i), (k) 6155, 6861, 6863(a), (b), 7101
273(j) 6404(b)
274 6036, 6155(a), 6161(c), 6503(b), 6871, 6872, 6873
275 6501
276 6501(c), 6502(a)
277 6503(a)
291 6651(a), 6659
292 6155(a), 6601
293 6653(a), (b), 6659
294 6601, 6651(c), 6654(a)
295–298 6601
299 6658
311, 312 6901, 6903
313 Omitted
321 6403
322(a)(1)–(3) 6401, 6402
322(a)(4) 31
322(b)(1)–(3) 6511
322(b)(4) 6151(c), 6513(a), 6611(d)
322(b)(5), (6) 6511(d)
322(c) 6512(a)
322(d) 6512(b)
322(e) 6151(c), 6513(b), 6611(d)
322(f) Omitted
322(g) 6511(d)
331–334 552–555
335, 336(a)–(c) 556
336(d) 557
337 551
338 6035(a)
339 6035(b)
340 7201, 7203
361 851
362 852, 855
371–373 1081–1083
391–393, 394(a)–(c) Omitted
394(d) 312
394(e), (f), 395, 396 Omitted
400 3
401, 402 4
403 36
404 4
421(a), (b) 501, 511
421(c), (d) 512
422(a) 512
422(b), 423, 424 513, 514, 515
480, 481 1401, 1402
482 1403, 6017
500–503 541–544
504(a), (b) 545
504(c) 562, 563
504(d) Omitted
504(e) 545
505(a)–(c) 545
505(d) Omitted
505(e) 546
506(a)–(h) 547
506(i), (j), 507(a) Omitted
507(b) 543
508 Omitted
509 531
510 Chapter 1, Subchapter G, Part III
511 6103, 7213(a)
650, 651 1471
722(g) 6105
800 2001, 2101
801, 802 Omitted
810 2001(a), 2011(a), (b)
811 2031(a)
811(a), (b) 2033, 2034
811(c) 2035, 2036, 2037
811(d)(1) 2038(a)(1)
811(d)(2) 2038(a)(2)
811(d)(3) 2038(b)
811(d)(4) Omitted
811(e)–(g) 2040–2042
811(h) 2044
811(i) 2043(a)
811(j) 2032
811(k), (l) 2031(b), 2035
811(m) Omitted
812 2051
812(a) Omitted
812(b) 2043(b), 2053, 2054
812(c) 2013
812(d), (e) Omitted. See 2055, 2056.
813(a)(1) Omitted
813(a)(2) 2012
813(b) 2011
813(c) 2014
820 6036, 6091(a)
821(a) 6018, 6065(a)
821(b) 6071, 6075(a), 6081(a)
821(c) 6091(b)
821(d) 6001
821(e) Omitted
822(a)(1) 6151(a)
822(a)(2) 6161(a)(2), 6165, 6503(d), 7101
822(b) 2002
823 6314(b)
824 Omitted
825 2204
826(a) 7404
826(b)–(d) 2205–2207
827(a) 6324(a)(1), 6325(a)(1)
827(b), (c) 6324(a)(2), (3)
828, 840, 841 Omitted
850 2202
851 Omitted
860 2101
861 2102, 2103, 2106
862, 863 2104, 2105
864(a) 6018, 6065(a)
864(b) 6071, 6075(a), 6081(a)
864(c) 6091(b)
865 Omitted
870 6211(a), 6653(c)(1)
871(a) 6212(a), 6213(a)
871(b) 6155(a), 6215(a)
871(c) 6155(a), 6213(c)
871(d), (e) 6213(d), 6214(a)
871(f) 6212(c), 6213(b)
871(g) 6214(c)
871(h) 6161(b)(2), 6165, 6503(d), 7101
871(i) 6155(a), 6653(b), 6659(a)
872(a) 6155(a), 6861(a)
872(b)–(e) 6861(b)–(e)
872(f) 6863(a), (b)(2), 7101
872(g) 6155(a), 6863(b)(1)
872(h) 6863(a), (b)(2)
872(i) 6155(a), 6861(f)
872(j) 6861(g)
873 6404(b)
874(a) 6501(a)
874(b)(1) 6501(c)(1), (3)
874(b)(2) 6502(a)
874(b)(3) 2016, 6071, 6081, 6091, 6155
875 6503(a)(1)
876 Omitted
890 6601(a), (b), (f)(1)
891 6155(a), 6601(a), (d), (f)(1)
892 6601(a), (c)(3)
893 6601(a), (c), (f)
894(a) 6651(a), 6653(a)
894(b) 7201, 7202, 7203, 7207, 7269, 7343
900(a) 6901(a), (b)
900(b), (c) 6901(c), (f)
900(d) 6904, 7421(b)
900(e) 6901(h)
901(a), (b) 6903(a)
901(c) 6903(b)
901(d) 6212(b)
910, 911, 912 6511, 6512(a), (b)
913, 920, 921 Omitted
925 6163(a), 6601(a), (b)
926 6163(a), 7101
927 2015
930(a) 2203
930(b)–(d), 931 Omitted
935 2001, 2052, 2101
936(a) Omitted
936(b), (c) 2012, 2014
937 6018(a), 7203
938 6103
939 2201
1000(a) 2501
1000(b) 2511(a)
1000(c) 2514
1000(d), (e) Omitted
1000(f) 2513
1000(g) Omitted
1001(a), (b) 2502(a), (c)
1001(c) Omitted
1002 2512(b)
1003 2503
1004(a)(1)–(3) 2521–2523
1004(b), (c) 2522, 2524
1005 2512(a)
1006(a) 6019(a), 6065(a)
1006(b) 6075(b), 6091(b)(1)
1007 6001
1008(a) 2502(d), 6151(a)
1008(b) 6161(a)(1)
1008(c) Omitted
1008(d) 6313
1008(e) 6314(a)
1009 6324(b), 6325(a)(1)
1010 Omitted
1011 6211(a), 6653(c)(1)
1012(a) 6212(a), 6213(a)
1012(b) 6155(a), 6215(a)
1012(c) 6155(a), 6213(c)
1012(d) 6213(d)
1012(e) 6214(a)
1012(f) 6212(c), 6213(b)
1012(g), (h) 6214(b), (c)
1012(i) 6161(b)(1), 6165, 7101
1012(j) 6212(b)
1013(a) 6155(a), 6861(a)
1013(b)–(e) 6861(b)–(e)
1013(f) 6863(a), (b)(2), 7101
1013(g) 6155(a), 6863(b)(1)
1013(h) 6863(a), (b)(2)
1013(i) 6155(a), 6861(f)
1013(j) 6861(g)
1014 6404(b)
1015(a) 6871
1015(b) 6155(a), 6161(c), 6503(b), 6873(a)
1016 6501, 6502(a)
1017 6503(a)(1)
1018 Omitted
1019 6653, 6659(b)
1020 6601(a), (f)(1)
1021 6155(a), 6601(a), (d), (f)(1)
1022 6601(a), (c)(3)
1023 6601(a), (c)(1), (f)(1)
1024(a) 7201, 7203
1024(b) 7201
1025(a) 6901(a), (b)
1025(b)–(d) 6901(c), (e), (f)
1025(e) 6904, 7421(b)
1025(f) 6901(h)
1025(g) 6901(g)
1026(a) 6903(a)
1026(b) 6903
1026(c) 6903(b)
1027(a) 6402(a)
1027(b) 6511(a), (b)
1027(c), (d) 6512(a), (b)
1028 Omitted
1029 7805(a)
1030(a) 2502(b)
1030(b) 2511(b)
1031 6103
1100, 1101 7441, 7442
1102(a)–(g) 7443(a)–(g)
1103(a)–(d) 7444(a)–(d)
1104–1106 7445–7447
1110, 111 7451, 7453
1112, 1113 7454(a), 7455
1114(a), (b) 7456(a), (c)
1115(a), (b) 7457(a), (b)
1116 7458
1117(a)–(f) 7459(a)–(f)
1117(g) 6155(a), 6659, 6673
1117(h) Omitted
1118 7460
1119, 1120, 1121 6902, 7461, 7462
1130–1133 7471–7474
1140–1143 7481–7484
1144 Omitted
1145 7101, 7485(a)
1146 7486
1250–1252 1491–1493
1253 1494, 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a), 6151(a)
1400 3101
1401(a), (b) 3102(a), (b)
1401(c) 6205(a), 6413(a)(1)
1401(d)(1), (2) Omitted
1401(d)(3), (4) 6413(c)(1), (2)
1402 3502
1403 6051(a)
1410 3111
1411 6205(a), 6413(a)
1412 3112
1420(a) 3501
1420(b) 6601(a), (f)(1)
1420(c) 6011(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a), 6302(b)
1420(d) 6313
1420(e) 3122
1421 6205(b), 6413(b)
1422 3503
1423(a) 6802(1)
1423(b), (c) 6803(a)(1), (2)
1424 7509
1425(a) 7209
1425(b) 7208(1)
1426(a)–(e) 3121(a)–(e)
1426(f) 7701(a)(1)
1426(g)–(l) 3121(f)–(k)
1427, 1428 3123, 3124
1429 7805(a), (c)
1430, 1431 Omitted
1432 3125
1500 3201
1501(a), (b) 3202(a), (b)
1501(c) 6205(a)(1), 6413(a)(1)
1502 6205(b), 6413(b)
1503 3502(a)
1510, 1511, 1512 3211, 3212, 3502
1520 3221
1521 6205(a)(1), 6413(a)(1)
1522 6205(b), 6413(b)
1530(a) 3501
1530(b) 6011(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a), 6151(a)
1530(c) 6601(a), (f)(1)
1530(d) 6313
1531 3503
1532(a)–(e) 3231(a)–(e)
1532(f) 7701(a)(9)
1532(g), (h) 3231(f), (g)
1532(i) 7701(a)(1)
1534 3232
1535 7805(a), (c)
1536, 1537 Omitted
1538 3233
1600 3301
1601(a)–(c) 3302
1601(d) 6413(d)
1602 3303
1603 3304
1604(a) 6011(a), 6065, 6071, 6091(b)(1), (2)
1604(b) 6081(a)
1604(c) 6106
1605(a) 3501
1605(b) 6601(a), (f)(1)
1605(c) 6152(a)(3), (b), 6155(a), 6601(c)(2)
1605(d) 6161(a)(1)
1605(e) 6313
1606 3305
1607(a)–(j) 3306(a)–(j)
1607(k) 7701(a)(1)
1607(l)–(o) 3306(k)–(n)
1608 3307
1609 7805(a), (c)
1610 Omitted
1611 3308
1621 3401
1622(a), (b) 3402(a), (b)
1622(c)(1)(A) Omitted
1622(c)(1)(B), (2)–(5) 3402(c)
1622(d) 3402(d)
1622(e) 3502(b)
1622(f)(1) 6414
1622(f)(2) 6401, 6402
1622(g)–(k) 3402(e)–(i)
1623 3403
1624 3404, 6011(a)
1625(c) 6081(a)
1626(a) 7204
1626(b) 6674
1626(d) 7205
1627 Omitted
1631 6651(a)
1632 3504
1633(a), (b) 6051(a)–(d)
1633(c) 6081(a)
1634(a) 7204
1634(b) 6659, 6674
1635(a) 6501(a)
1635(b) 6501(c)(1), (3)
1635(c) 6501(c)(2)
1635(d) 6502(a)
1635(e) 6501(b)(2)
1635(f), (g) Omitted
1636(a)(1) 6511(a), (b)(1)
1636(a)(2) 6511(b)(2)
1636(b) Omitted
1636(c) 6513(c)
1636(d), (e) Omitted
1650 4001, 4011, 4021, 4471
1651 4031
1652–1655 Omitted
1656(a), (b), (c) 5063(a), (b), (c)
1657–1659 Omitted
1700 4231, 4232, 6011(a)
1701 4233
1702, 1703 4234
1704 4232
1710 4241
1711 4243
1712 4242
1715(a) 4291
1715(b), (c) 6151(a)
1715(d) 6415(b), (c), (d), 6416(a)
1716(a) 6011(a), 6065(a)
1716(b) 6071, 6081(a)
1716(c) 6091(b)(1), (2)
1717 6601(a), (f)(1)
1718(a) 7201, 7203
1718(b) 7201, 7202
1718(c) 6659, 6671(a), 6672
1718(d) 6671(b), 7343
1719 6302(b)
1720 6001
1721–1723 Omitted
1800 4301, 4311, 4321
1801 4311, 4312, 4314, 4315, 4381
1802 4301, 4302, 4304, 4321, 4322, 4323, 4341, 4342, 4343, 4344, 4351, 4352, 4353, 4381
1804 4371, 4372, 4373
1805 4891, 4892, 4894, 4895, 4896, 7701(a)(1)
1807 4451
1808 4303, 4373, 4382
1809 4383, 4454, 4893, 6201(a)(2), 6801(a), (b)
1815 6804
1816 Omitted
1817(a)–(c) 6802(1)–(3)
1818(a) 6803(b)(1), 7101
1818(b) 6803(b)(2)
1819 Omitted
1820 7271(2), (3)
1821(a)(1) 7201, 7203
1821(a)(2) 7201, 7202
1821(a)(3) 6653(e), 6659, 6671(a), 6672
1821(a)(4) 6671(b), 7343
1821(b)(3) 4374, 7270
1821(b)(4) 7201
1822 7208(3), 7271(1)
1823 7303(1)
1823(a)–(c) 7208(2)–(4)
1830 4453
1831 4452, 4455, 7272
1832 4456
1835 6001
1836–1838 Omitted
1850 4286
1851 4291
1852(a) 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071
1852(b) 6091(b)(1), (2)
1853(a), (b) 6151(a)
1853(c) 6601(a), (f)(1)
1854 6415(a), (b), (d)
1855, 1856 Omitted
1857 4287
1858, 1859 Omitted
1900, 1901, 1902 4881, 4883, 4884
1902(a)(1) 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071
1902(a)(2) 6091(b)(1), (2)
1902(a)(3), (b) 6151(a)
1903 4885
1904 Omitted
1905, 1906 4882, 4883
1907 Omitted
1920(a), (b) 4851(a), (b)
1920(c) 4871, 6804
1921 4861
1922 4863
1923 4864
1924 4865
1925 4853, 7492
1926 4854
1927 4862
1928 4872, 6001
1929(a) 7233(1), (2)
1929(b) 7263(b)
1929(c) 7263(a)
1930 4874, 7493
1931 4852, 7701(a)(1)
1932 4873
1933 4876
1934 Omitted
1935 4875
2000(a), (b) 5701(a)
2000(c)(1), (2) 5701(b), (c)
2000(d) 5701(d), (e)
2000(g)(1)–(3) 5707(a)–(c)
2001(a) 5703(a)
2002(b) 5703(d)
2002(c) 5703(a)
2010 5702(b)
2012 5712
2013 5711(a), (b)
2014 5713(a), (b)
2017 5721
2018 5741
2019 5722
2030 5702(e)
2032 5712
2033 5711(a), (b)
2036 5721
2037 5741
2038 5722
2039(a) 5711(a), (b)
2039(b) 5722, 5741
2040 5704(c)
2050 5702(b)(1)
2052 5712
2053 5711(a), (b)
2054 5713(a), (b)
2055 Omitted
2056 5741
2057 Omitted
2058 5732
2059, 2060 5731
2070–2075 Omitted
2100(a), (b) 5723(a)
2100(c)(1) 5723(d)
2100(c)(2) 5723(a)
2100(d) 5723(b), (c)
2100(e) 5723(a)
2101 5704(c)
2102 5723(a)
2103(a)(1) 5723(a)
2103(e) 5752
2104(a) 5751(a)
2110(a), (b) 5702(c), (d)
2111(a)(1), (2) 5723(a)
2111(a)(3) 5723(d)
2111(b) 5723(a)
2111(c) 5723(b), (c)
2111(d), (e)(1) 5723(a)
2111(e)(2) 5723(d)
2111(f) 5704(a), 5723(d)
2112(a)(1) 5723(a)
2112(e) 5752
2113 5751(a)
2130(a), (b) 5723(a), 5762(a)(4), (6)
2130(c) 5723(a), 5762
2130(d) 5704(d)
2135(a)(1), (2) 5704(b), (c)
2135(a)(3) 5704(b)
2136(a) 5706
2137 5705(a)
2150 Omitted
2151 5762(a)(5)
2152–2154 Omitted
2155(a) 5762(a)(4), (5)
2155(b) 5763(a)
2156(a) 5762(a)(2), (3)
2156(b) 5762(a)(3)
2156(c) 5761(b)
2160(a) 5762(a)(4)
2160(b)–(d) 5762(a)(5)
2160(e) 5762(a)(6)
2160(g)(1), (2) 5762(a)(8), (9)
2160(g)(3) 5762(a)(6)
2160(h) 5763(a)
2160(i) 5762(a)(9), (10)
2161(a) 5762(a)(1)
2161(b) 5763(c)
2161(c) 5762(a)(1)
2161(e)–(g) 5762(a)(2)
2161(h) 5763(b)
2161(i)(1) 5763(b)
2161(j)(1) 5763(b)
2161(l)(1) 5763(b)
2161(m)(1) 5761(a)
2161(m)(2) 5763(b)
2162(a)(2) 5762(a)(1)
2162(a)(3)–(5) 5762(a)(2)
2162(b)(1) 5762(a)(4), (5)
2163 Omitted
2170(a)(2) 5751(a), 5762(a)(5)
2170(a)(4) 5762(a)(6)
2170(b) 5762(a)(5), 5763(a)
2171(a) 5763(a)
2171(b)(1) 5762(a)(4)
2171(b)(2) 5762(a)(4), (5)
2172(a) 5762(a)(8)
2172(b) 5762(a)(6)
2172(c) 5762(a)(9)
2172(d) 5762(a)(6)
2172(e), (f) 5762(a)(9)
2173(a), 2174 5762(a)(5)
2175 5763(a)
2176(a)(2) 5762(a)(10)
2176(a)(3) 5762(a)(8)
2180(a) 5762(a)(1)
2180(b) 5763(c)
2180(d)–(f) 5762(a)(2)
2180(g)(1) 5763(b)
2180(h) 5763(b)
2180(i)(1) 5763(b)
2180(k)(1) 5763(b)
2180(l)(1) 5761(a)
2180(l)(2) 5763(b)
2181 Omitted
2190 5753
2191–2193 Omitted
2194 5703(a), 5722, 5741
2197(b) 5704(b)
2198 5705(a)
2300 4592, 4593
2302 4594, 4596, 6001, 7101, 7641
2303 4595, 4597, 6001
2304 4595
2305 4813
2306 4591, 4812
2307 4593, 4816
2308(a) 7234(a)
2308(b) 7265(a)(1)
2308(c) 7234(b)
2308(d) 7234(d)(4)
2308(e) 7265(b)
2308(f) Omitted
2308(g) 7234(d)(2)
2308(h), (i) 7234(c), (d)
2308(j) 7265(c)
2309 7303(2), (3), (5)
2310 Omitted
2311 4591, 4818
2312–2314 Omitted
2320 4826
2321 4811, 4813
2322 4814, 4826, 6001, 7101, 7641
2323 4815, 4826
2324 4815, 6001
2325 4817
2326(a) 7235(a), 7265(a)
2326(b), (c) 7235(b), (c)
2327 4812, 4813, 4816, 4818, 7235(e), 7265(b), (c)
2350 4846
2351 4831, 4832, 6201(a)(2)(A)
2352 4833, 4846, 6001, 7101, 7641
2353, 2354 4834, 4846
2355 4832
2356 4831, 4832
2357 7236, 7266(b)–(f)
2358 7303(2), (4), (5)
2359 Omitted
2360 4835
2361 4832
2362 Omitted
2400 4001, 4003
2401 4011, 4012
2402 4021, 4022
2403(a) 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(b)(1), (2)
2403(b) 6151(a), 6601(a), (f)(1)
2403(c) 4051
2404, 2405 4052, 4053
2406 4055, 4056
2407 6416(a), (b)
2408 Omitted
2409 7261
2410, 2411 Omitted
2412 4002, 4003, 4012, 4013
2413 4054
2450 4041
2451(a) 6011(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(b)(1), (2), 6151(a)
2451(b) 6151(a), 6601(a), (f)(1)
2452(a) 6416(b)(2)(D)
2452(b) 6416(a)
2453 4055, 6416(b)(2)(A)
2454, 2455 Omitted
2456 4222
2470 4511, 4513
2471 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(b)(1), (2)
2472 6151(a)
2473 6417(a)
2474 4513, 6417(b), 7101
2475 6601(a), (f)(1)
2477 4512
2478, 2479 Omitted
2480 7809(a)
2481, 2482 Omitted
2483 7654
2490 4561, 4571, 4581
2491 4561, 4562, 4571, 4572, 4581, 4582
2492 4582, 4602
2493 4601
2494 Omitted
2550 4701, 4771
2550(c) 6302(b)
2551 4702
2552 4703, 4771
2553 4704, 4723
2554 4705
2555 4732, 6001
2555(a) 6065(a)
2555(b) 6071
2555(c) 6065(a), 6071
2555(c)(1) 6081(a), 6091(a)
2556 4773
2557(a) 7237(b)
2557(b)(1) 7237(a)
2557(b)(2) 7201, 7203
2557(b)(3) 7201, 7202
2557(b)(4) 6671(a), 6672
2557(b)(8) 6671(b), 7343
2558 4706, 4733, 7301(a)
2559, 2560 Omitted
2561 4734
2562 4736
2563 4774
2564 4735
2565 Omitted
2567 4711, 4712
2568, 2569 4712, 4713
2569(b) 7101
2569(d) 6001
2569(d)(4) 7641
2570 7238
2571 4714, 7301(a)
2590 4741, 4771
2591 4742
2592 4743, 4771
2593 4744
2594(a) 6001
2595 4773
2596 7237(a)
2597 7491
2598 4745, 7301(a)
2599, 2600 Omitted
2601 4756
2602 4774
2603 4762
2604, 2606 Omitted
2650 4802
2651 4801, 4803
2651(c)(2) 6201(a)(2)(A)
2652(a) 6801(a)
2653 4804
2653(b) 6001, 7641
2653(d) 7101
2654, 2655 4805
2656 7274
2656(a) 7206(4)
2656(b) 7239(a)
2656(c) 7271(1), 7303(6)(B)
2656(d) 7239(b)
2656(f) 7201
2656(g) 7272
2656(h) 7267(d)
2656(i) 7267(c)
2656(j), (k) 7267(a), (b)
2657(a), (b) 7303(6)(B)
2657(c) 7303(6)(A)
2657(d) 7328
2657(e) 7301(c)
2657(f) 7303(6)(B)
2658 Omitted
2659 4803
2660 Omitted
2700 4181, 4182, 4224, 5831
2701 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(b)(1), (2)
2702 6151(a)
2703(a) 6416(f)
2704 4216
2705 4225, 6416(e)
2706 6601(a), (f)(1)
2707(a) 6671(a), 6672
2707(b) 7201, 7203
2707(c) 7201, 7202
2707(d) 6671(b), 7343
2708 6302(b)
2709 6001
2710–2712 Omitted
2720–2723 5811–5814
2724 5842, 6001(a)
2725 5843
2726(a)–(c) 5851–5853
2727, 2728 5844, 5845
2729 5861
2730(a), (b) 5862(a), (b)
2731–2733 5846–5848
2733(a) 7701(a)(1)
2734 5821
2734(e) 6071, 6091(a)
2800(a) 5001(a)(9) (Rev. See 5001(a)(8))
2800(a)(1) 5001(a)(1), 5005(a), 5006(a)
2800(a)(1)(A) 5026(a)(1), 5007(a)
2800(a)(1)(B) 5689
2800(a)(2) 5001(a)(2)
2800(a)(3) 5001(a)(3), 5007(b)(2)
2800(a)(4) 5001(a)(4) (Rev. See 5001(a)(10)), 5007(c) (Rev. See 7652, 7805)
2800(a)(5) 5021(a), 5025(b)
2800(a)(6) 5001(a)(5) (Rev. See 5001(a)(4))
2800(b)(2) 5006(c)
2800(c) 5001(b)
2800(d) 5005(b)
2800(e)(1) 5004(a)(1)
2800(e)(2) 5004(a)(2) (Rev. See 5004(b)(2))
2800(e)(3) 5004(a)(3) (Rev. See 5004(b)(3))
2800(e)(4) 5004(a)(4) (Rev. See 5004(b)(4))
2800(f) 5006(d), 5007(b)(1)
2801(b) 5021(b) (Rev. Omitted)
2801(c)(1) 5391
2801(c)(2) 5025(e) (Rev. See 5025(f))
2801(d) 5281 (Rev. See 5201(a))
2801(e) 5025
2801(e)(1) 5272(a) (Rev. See 5173(a), (d)), 5281(a) (Rev. See 5201(a))
2801(e)(2) 5273(a) (Rev. See 5178(a)), 5627 (Rev. See 5687))
2801(e)(3) 5386(b), 5391
2801(e)(4) 5386(a)
2801(e)(5) 5023 (Rev. See 5687)
2801(f) 5628 (Rev. See 5601(a)(10), 5687)
2802(a) 5009(a) (Rev. See 5205(c)(1), (f), 5206(c)), 5010(a) (Rev. See 5205(e))
2802(b) 5010(b) (Rev. See 5205(f))
2802(c) 5027(a) (Rev. See 5061, 5205)
2803(a) 5008(b)(1)(E) (Rev. See 5205(c)(2))
2803(b) 5008(b)(3) (Rev. See 5205(g))
2803(c) 5008(b)(4)
2803(d) 5008(b)(2) (Rev. See 5205(g))
2803(e) 5008(b)(5)
2803(f) 5640 (Rev. See 5613(b))
2803(g) 5642 (Rev. See 5604(a)(1), (4)–(6), (10), (12)–(15), (b))
2804 5211 (Rev. See 5311)
2805(a) 5688(a)
2805(b) 5688(b)
2806(a)(1), (2) 5634 (Rev. See 5601(a)(13), 5615(7))
2806(b)(1) 5645 (Rev. See 7214)
2806(c) 5625 (Rev. See 5612(a))
2806(d) 5639 (Rev. See 5613(a))
2806(e) 5646 (Rev. See Subtitle F)
2806(f) 5626 (Rev. See 5602, 5615(3))
2806(g) 5687 (See 7301, 7302)
2807 5622 (Rev. See 5610)
2808(a) 5212(a) (Rev. See 5204(b))
2809(a) 5002(a) (Rev. See 5002(a)(5))
2809(b)(1) 5002(b)(1) (Rev. See 5002(a)(6)(A))
2809(b)(2) 5002(b)(2) (Rev. See 5002(a)(6)(B))
2809(c) 5002(c) (Rev. See 5002(a)(7))
2809(d) 5002(d) (Rev. See 5002(a)(8))
2810(a) 5174(a) (Rev. See 5179(a), 5505(d)), 5601 (Rev. See 5505(i), 5601(a)(1), 5615(1))
2811 5213(a), 5609
2812(a) 5175(a) (Rev. See 5171(a), 5172), 5271 (Rev. See 5171(a), (c), 5172, 5178(a)(1)(A), (4)(B)–(D)), 5603 (Rev. See 5601(a)(2), (3))
2813(a) 5282 (Rev. See 5201(a), 5202(a), 5204(a), (c), 5205(d), 5206(c), 5251)
2814(a)(1) 5176(a), (c) (Rev. See 5173(a), (b), 5176(a)), 5177(c) (Rev. See 5173(b)(1), 5551(c)), 5604 (Rev. See 5601(a)(4), (5), 5615(3))
2814(a)(2) 5176(d) (Rev. See 5173(b))
2815(a) 5177(a), 5605 (Rev. See 7214)
2815(b)(1)(A) 5177(b)(1) (Rev. See 5173(b)(1)(A))
2815(b)(1)(B) 5177(b)(2) (Rev. See 5173(b)(1)(B))
2815(b)(1)(C) 5177(b)(3) (Rev. See 5173(b)(1)(C))
2815(b)(1)(D) 5177(b)(4) (Rev. See 5173(b)(3))
2815(c)–(e) 5551(a), (b)(1), (c)
2816(a) 5178 (Rev. See 5171(a), 5172)
2817(a) 5179(a) (Rev. Omitted)
2817(b) 5179(b) (Rev. Omitted)
2818(a) 5105(a)
2818(b) 5602 (Rev. See 5615(2), 5687)
2819 5171 (Rev. See 5178(a)(1)(B), (b), (c)(2), 5505(b), 5601(a)(6)), 5607 (Rev. See 5505(i), 5601(a)(6))
2820(a) 5173(b) (Rev. See 5178(a)(2)(B), 5202(b)), 5192(b) (Rev. See 5202(b)), 5193(a) (Rev. See 5201(a), 5202(f), 5204(a), 5205(b), 5206(a), (c), 5211)
2821 5682
2822(a) 5173(a) (Rev. See 5178(a)(1)(A), (2)(C)), 5618 (Rev. See 5687)
2823(a) 5173(c) (Rev. See 5173(a)(2)(C))
2824 Omitted
2825 5215 (Rev. See 5201(c), 5312(a), (c), 5373(a), 5562)
2826(a) 5196(a) (Rev. See 5203(a)), 5617 (Rev. See 5687)
2827(a) 5196(b) (Rev. See 5203(b)), 5616 (Rev. See 5687)
2828(a) 5196(c) (Rev. See 5203(c)), 5283 (Rev. See 5203(c), (d)), 5615 (Rev. See 5203(c), (e), 5687)
2829(a) 5552 (See 5503, 5505(e))
2830(a) 5196(d) (Rev. See 5203(d)), 5283 (Rev. See 5203(c), (d))
2831 5116(a) (Rev. See 5115), 5180(a), 5274(a) (Rev. See 5180), 5681
2832 5172 (Rev. See 5171(a), 5172, 5173(a), 5178(a)(1)(A), 5601(a)(2), (4))
2833(a) 5606 (Rev. See 5601(a)(4), 5602, 5615(3))
2834 5216(a) (Rev. See 5222(a)(1), (2)(D), 5501, 5502(a), 5503, 5504(a), (b), 5505(a), (c), 5601(a)(7), (8), (9)(A)), 5608(a), (b) (Rev. See 5601(a)(7), (8), (9)(A), (12), 5615(4))
2835 Omitted
2836 5195(a) (Rev. See 5201(c)), 5613 (Rev. See 5687)
2837 Omitted
2838 5192(c) (Rev. See 5202(a), (b)), 5612 (Rev. See 5687)
2839(a) 5196(e) (Rev. See 5203(b), (c)), 5619 (Rev. See 5687)
2840 Omitted
2841(a) 5197(a)(1)(A) (Rev. See 5207(a), (d))
2841(b) 5197(a)(1)(B) (Rev. See 5207(a), (d))
2841(c) 5620 (Rev. See 5603, 5615(5))
2842 5611 (Rev. See 5603)
2843 5610 (Rev. See 5603)
2844(a) 5197(b) (Rev. See 5207(c))
2845 Omitted
2846(a) 5007(e)(1) (Rev. See 5004(b)(1), 5006(a)(3))
2847(a) 5007(e)(2) (Rev. Omitted)
2848 Omitted
2849 5191(a) (Rev. See 5221(a))
2850(a) 5191(a) (Rev. See 5221(a)), 5650 (Rev. See 5601(a)(14), 5615(3))
2851 5682
2852 5624 (Rev. See 5611)
2853(a) 5623 (Rev. See 5609)
2854 5649 (Rev. See 5614)
2855(a) 5285(a) (Rev. See 5207(b))
2856 5629 (Rev. See 5610(a)(10), (11))
2857(a) 5114(a) (Rev. See 5114(a)(1), 5146(a)), 5285(b) (Rev. See 5207(c)), 5621 (Rev. See 5603)
2858 5114(b)
2859 5197(a)(2) (Rev. See 5207(a)), 5621 (Rev. See 5603)
2860 Omitted
2861(a) 5282(b) (Rev. See 5202(a), 5204(a), (c), 5205(d), 5206(c))
2862(a) 5282(c) (Rev. See 5205(d))
2863(a) 5115(a) (Rev. See 5205(d))
2865(a) 5630 (Rev. See 5687)
2866 5010(c) (Rev. See 5205(g)), 5636 (Rev. See 5604(a)(2), (3), (7)–(9), (17), 7301)
2867 5635 (Rev. See 5604(a)(17))
2868 5637 (Rev. See 5604(a)(18))
2869 5638 (Rev. See 5604(a)(19), 5613, 7301, 7302)
2870 5195(b) (Rev. See 5201(c)), 5614 (Rev. See 5687, 7301)
2871 5214(a) (Rev. See 5301(a)), 5641 (Rev. See 5606, 5613, 7301, 7302, 7321–7323)
2872 5231 (Rev. See 5171(a), 5172, 5173(a), 5178(a)(1)(A), (B), (3)(A), (B)), 5241(b) (Rev. See 5202(a), (c), (d))
2873 5231 (Rev. See 5171(a), 5172, 5173(a), 5178(a)(1)(A), (B), (3)(A), (B)), 5241(a) (Rev. See 5201(a), 5202(a), (c))
2874(a) 5252 (Rev. See 5236)
2875 5231 (Rev. See 5171(a), 5172, 5173(a), 5178(a)(1)(A), (B), (3)(A), (B)), 5246(a) (Rev. See 5212)
2876 5631 (Rev. See 5601(a)(12), 5615(6), 5687)
2877(a) 5192(d) (Rev. See 7803; T. 5 §301)
2878(a) 5193(a) (Rev. See 5201(a), 5202(f), 5204(a), 5205(b), 5206(a), (c), 5211)
2878(b) 5009(c), 5193(b) (Rev. See 5206(a), 5214(a)(4))
2878(c) 5193(c) (Rev. See 5206(b))
2878(d) 5193(d) (Rev. See 5204(c))
2879(a) 5242(a) (Rev. See 5211, 5231(a))
2879(b) 5006(a) (Rev. See 5006(a)(1), (2), 5008(c))
2879(c) 5232(a) (Rev. See 5005(c)(1), 5006(a)(2), 5173(a), (c)(1))
2879(d) 5232(a), (c) (Rev. See 5005(c)(1), 5006(a)(2), 5173(a), (c)(1), 5176(a), (b))
2880(a) 5006(b)
2881(a) 5245 (Rev. See 5204(a))
2882(a) 5244 (Rev. See 5213)
2883(a) 5194(a) (Rev. See 5211(a), 5212, 5213)
2883(b) 5194(d) (Rev. See 5214(a))
2883(c) 5194(c) (Rev. See 5241)
2883(d) 5194(e)(1) (Rev. See 5212, 5213)
2883(e) 5025(d), 5194(f) (Rev. See 5005(c)(1), 5212, 5223(a), (d))
2883(f) 5194(g) (Rev. See 5201(a), 5204(a), 5212)
2883(g) 5194(h) (Rev. Omitted)
2884(a) 5250(a) (Rev. See 5205(b))
2885(a) 5247(a) (Rev. See 5175(a), 5206(a), 5214(a)(4))
2885(b) 5009(b) (Rev. See 5205(i)(4)), 5247(b)
2885(d) 5648 (Rev. See 5608)
2886(a) 5247(c)
2887 5012(a) (Rev. See 5009)
2888(a) 5247(d) (Rev. See 5206(a))
2889, 2890 Omitted
2891(a) 5522(a) (Rev. See 5214(a))
2891(b) 5011(a) (Rev. See 5008(a))
2900 5006(a) (Rev. See 5006(a)(1), (2), 5008(c))
2901(a)(1) 5011(a)(1)(A) (Rev. See 5008(a)(1)(A))
2901(a)(2) 5011(a)(1)(B) (Rev. See 5008(a)(1)(B)), 5011(b) (Rev. See 5008(b)(1))
2901(b) 5011(a)(1)(B), (2) (Rev. See 5008(a)(1)(B), (2))
2901(c) 5011(a)(3) (Rev. See 5008(a)(3), (4))
2901(d) 5011(a)(4) (Rev. See 5008(a)(4))
2903(a) 5243(a) (Rev. See 5171, 5172, 5178(a)(3), (4)(A), 5233(a), (b))
2903(b) 5008(a)(1) (Rev. See 5205(a)(1), (3))
2903(c) 5008(a)(2) (Rev. See 5205(a)(3))
2903(d) 5008(a)(3)
2903(e) 5008(a)(4)
2903(f) 5243(d) (Rev. See 5206(c))
2903(g) 5243(c) (Rev. See 5233(c))
2904(a) 5243(a), (b) (Rev. See 5171, 5172, 5178(a)(3), (4)(A), 5202(g), 5233(a), (b))
2905 5243(e) (Rev. See 5175, 5206(c), 5214(a)(4))
2908 5643 (Rev. See 5601(a)(12), 5604(a)(11), (12), (16), 5615(6), 5687)
2909 5644 (Rev. See 5604(a)(4), (5), (10))
2910(a) 5243(b) (Rev. See 5202(g), 5233(b))
2911 5243(f) (Rev. See T. 27 §121)
2912, 2913 5632 (Rev. See 5601(a)(12), 5615(6))
2914(a) 5633 (Rev. See 7214)
2915(a) 5241(c) (Rev. See 7803; T. 5 §301)
2916(a) 5194(b)
3030(a) 5001(a)(9) (Rev. See 5001(a)(8))
3030(a)(1) 5001(a)(5), (9) (Rev. See 5001(a)(4), (8)), 5041(a), 5041(b), 5042(a)(2), 5362, 5368(b)
3030(a)(2) 5022, 5041(b)(4)
3030(b) 5043(b)
3031(a) 5354, 5362, 5373(b)(1), 5373(b)(3), 5391
3032(a) 5373(a), 5382(b)(2)
3033(a) 5373(b)(1)
3034(a), 3035 5366
3036 5025(f) (Rev. See 5025(g)), 5373(a), 5381, 5382(a), (b)(1), (2), 5383(a), (b)(3), (4), 5392
3037(a) 5362, 5373(b)(4)
3038(a) 5362
3039(a) 5370(a)(1)
3040(a) 5351, 5354, 5356, 5368(a), (b), 5369
3041(a) 5043(b), 5368(a)
3042(a) 5192(a) (Rev. See 5202(a)), 5366
3043(a) 5661(a) (See Chapter 68), (b), 5385(b)
3044 5381, 5382, 5383, 5392
3045 5381, 5382, 5384, 5392
3070(a) 5331(a) (Rev. See 5171(a), 5172, 5173(a), (c), 5178(a)(5), 5202(e), 5207(a), (c), (d), 5214(a), 5241, 5242, 5273(b)(1), (2), (d), 5275)
3070(b) 5331(b), (c) (Rev. See 5214(a), 5273(a), (b)(1), (2), (d))
3072 5647 (Rev. See 5273(b)(1), (2), (d), 5601(a)(12), 5607, 5615(6))
3073(a) 5332 (Rev. See 5273(c))
3074(a) 5333 (Rev. See 5243)
3100(a) 5301 (See 5171(a), (b)(1), 5172, 5173(a), (b))
3101(a) 5302 (Rev. See 5171(a), (b)(1), 5172, 5173(a), (c), 5178(a)(3)(A), (B), 5201(a), 5206(a))
3102 5303 (Rev. See 5171(a), (b)(1), 5172, 5173(a), (c), 5178(a)(5), 5241, 5242, 5273(b)(1), (2), (d))
3103 5306 (Rev. See 5025(d), (e)(1), 5103, 5113(a), 5173(c), 5201(a), (c), 5204(c), 5243(a)(1)(A), 5306), 5312(c)
3104(a) 5309 (Rev. See 5222(b)), 5412 (Rev. See 5222(b), 5412)
3105(a) 5305 (Rev. See 5171, 5172, 5173(a), 5178(a)(1)(A), (5), 5201(a), (b), 5207(a), (c), (d), 5211, 5223(a), 5235, 5273(b)(1), (2), (d), 5275, 5312(b))
3106(a) 5307 (Rev. See 5178(a)(2)(A), 5201(a))
3107 5308 (Rev. See 5212, 5223(a))
3108(a) 5310(a) (Rev. See 5214(a), 5241, 5242, 5273(b)(1), (2), (d))
3108(b) 5310(b) (Rev. See 5214(a), 5313)
3108(c) 5310(c) (Rev. See 5214(a))
3108(d) 5310(d) (Rev. See 5272(b))
3109 5310(a) (Rev. See 5214(a), 5241, 5242, 5273(b)(1), (2), (d))
3110 5502 (Rev. Omitted)
3111 5001(a)(6)
3112(a) 5004(b) (Rev. See 5004(a)(1), (b)(1)), 5005(c) (Rev. See 5005(a), (b)(1), (c)(1))
3112(b) 5007(d) (Rev. See 5007(a)(1)), 5689
3113(a) 5011(c)
3114(a) 5304(a) (Rev. See 5171(b)(1), 5271(a), (b), (c), (e)(1), (f), 5272(a))
3114(b) 5304(b) (Rev. See 5271(e))
3114(c) 5304(c) (Rev. See 5271(e))
3114(d) 5304(d)
3115(a) 5686(a) (Rev. See 5687)
3116 5686(b) (Rev. See 5505(i), 5686(a)), 7302
3117(a) 5314 (Rev. See 5557)
3118 5688(d)
3119 5315
3120 5316
3121(a), (c) 5313(a), (b) (Rev. See 5275)
3121(d) 5317(b) (Rev. See 5274)
3122 5317(a)
3123 5318 (Rev. See 5314(a)(2))
3124(a) 5119 (Rev. See 5002(a))
3125(a) 5001(a)(8) (Rev. See 5001(a)(9)), 5007(d) (Rev. See 5007(a)(1)), 5311 (Rev. See 5232)
3125(b) 5310(b) (Rev. See 5214(a), 5313)
3126 Omitted
3150(a) 5051(a)
3150(b)(1) 5054 (Rev. See 5054(a)(1))
3150(b)(2) 5055 (Rev. See 5054(a)(1), (2), (c), (d))
3150(b)(3) 5689
3150(c) 5051(b)
3152 Omitted
3153(b) 5053(a), 5401(b)
3153(c) 5053(b)
3155(a), (b) 5401(a), (b)
3155(c) 5415(a)
3155(f) 5412, 5413, 5675
3156 Omitted
3157(a) 5055 (Rev. See 5054(a)(1), (2), (c), (d))
3158 5402(a), 5411
3159(a)–(c) 5671, 5672, 5673, 5674
3159(e)–(i) 5676(1)–(5)
3159(j) 5674
3160 5052(b)
3170 Omitted
3171(a) 5367, 5555(a) (Rev. See 5207(b)–(d))
3172(a) 5061(b)
3173(a) 5683
3173(b)(1)–(3) 5684 (Rev. See 5687 and Subtitle F)
3173(b)(4) 5690
3173(c) 5685
3173(d) 5688(c)
3174 5064 (Rev. See 5065)
3175 5557 (Rev. See 5560)
3176(a) 5556 (Rev. See 5505(h))
3177(a) 5521(a)
3177(b) 5521(c)(1), (2)
3177(c) 5521(b)
3177(d)(1), (2) 5521(d)(1), (2)
3178 5523
3179(a), (b) 5062(a), (b)
3180 Omitted
3182(a) 5511
3182(b) 5001(a)(7)
3183(a) 5217(a) (Rev. See 5005(c)(1), (2), 5025(d), (e)(2), 5212, 5223(a), 5234(b))
3183(b) 5217(b) (Rev. See 5561)
3183(c) 5217(c) (Rev. Omitted)
3190–3195 Omitted
3206 4821
3207 7235(d), 7264
3208 4822, 4826
3210 4841
3211 7266(a)
3212 4842
3220 4721, 6001, 6151(a)
3221 4722
3222 4772
3223 Omitted
3224 4724
3225 7237(a)
3226 4775
3227 4725
3228 4731, 7343, 7701(a)
3230 4751, 4752, 6151(a)
3231 4753
3232 4772
3233 4754, 6001, 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a)
3234 4755
3235 7237(a)
3236 4775
3237 4756
3238 4761, 7701(a)
3239 Omitted
3250(a)(1) 5111(a)(1) (Rev. See 5111(a))
3250(a)(3) 5111(a)(2) (Rev. See 5112(b))
3250(a)(4) 5113(a)
3250(b)(1) 5121(a)(1) (Rev. See 5121(a))
3250(b)(2) 5122(c) (Rev. See 5121(a)(2))
3250(b)(4) 5121(a)(2) (Rev. See 5122(a), (b))
3250(c)(1) 5091
3250(d)(1) 5111(b)(1) (Rev. See 5111(b))
3250(d)(2) 5111(b)(2) (Rev. See 5112(c))
3250(d)(3) 5091, 5113(b) (Rev. See 5113(a))
3250(e)(1) 5121(b)(1) (Rev. See 5122(b))
3250(e)(2) 5121(b)(2) (Rev. See 5122(b))
3250(e)(3) 5121(c) (Rev. See 5121(c), 5122(c))
3250(e)(4) 5123(a) (Rev. See 5113(a))
3250(f)(1) 5081
3250(g) 5113(c) (Rev. See 5113(a))
3250(h) 5025(g) (Rev. See 5025(h))
3250(i) 5025(h) (Rev. See 5025(i))
3250(j)(1) 5101
3250(j)(3) 5106 (Rev. See 5106(b))
3250(l)(1), (2) 5131(a), (b)
3250(l)(3)–(5) 5132–5134
3251(a) 5113(d)(1) (Rev. See 5113(c)(1))
3251(b) 5113(d)(2) (Rev. See 5113(c)(2))
3251(c) 5123(c) (Rev. See 5113(e))
3252(a) 5124(a)
3252(b) 5124(b) (Rev. See 5146(a))
3252(c) 5124(c) (Rev. See 5146(a))
3252(d) 5692 (Rev. See 5603)
3253 5691 (Rev. See 5607, 5613, 5615, 5661(a), 5671, 5673, 5676(4), 5683, 7301, 7301(a), 7302)
3254(b) 5112(a) (Rev. See 5111(a), 5112(b))
3254(c)(1) 5122(a) (Rev. See 5121(a)(1), 5122(a))
3254(c)(2) 5111 (Rev. See 5111(a), (b), 5112(b), (c))
3254(d) 5052(a), 5092, 5402(a)
3254(e) 5112(b) (Rev. See 5112(c))
3254(f) 5122(b)
3254(g) 5025(c), 5082, 5387(c)
3254(h) 5102
3255(a) 5123(b)(1)
3255(b) 5123(b)(2) (Rev. See 5123(b)(2)(A))
3255(c) 5123(b)(3) (Rev. See 5113(d)(1), (2))
3260 5801(a)
3261(a) 5802
3261(b) 5841
3262 5803
3263(a) 5854(a)
3263(b) 5854(a), (b)
3267 4461, 4462, 4463
3268 4471, 4472, 4473
3270(a) 5141, 7011(a)
3271 4901
3271(a) 5142(a)
3271(b) 5142(b), 6151(a)
3271(c)(1) 5104, 5142(c)
3272(a) 5143(a) (Rev. See Subtitle F), 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(b), 6151(a)
3273(a) 5145 (Rev. See 5144), 6801(a)
3273(b) 5146 (Rev. See 6806(a), 7273(a)), 6806(a)
3274 5693 (Rev. See 5692), 7273(a)
3275 5147 (Rev. See 6107), 6107
3276 4906, 5148 (Rev. See 5145)
3277 4902, 5144(a) (Rev. See 5143(a))
3278 4903, 5144(c) (Rev. See 5113(a), 5143(c)(1)–(3))
3279 4904, 5144(b) (Rev. See 5143(b))
3280(a) 4905, 5144 (Rev. See 5113(a) 5143), 7011(b)
3281 6302(b)
3282 5149 (Rev. See 5147), 6302(b)
3283 4907, 5144(e) (Rev. See 5143(e))
3285 4401, 4402, 4404, 4421
3286 6419
3287 4403
3290 4411
3291 4412, 6091(b)
3292 4413, 4903, 4907, 6107
3293 6806(c)
3294 7262, 7273(b)
3297 4422
3298 4423
3300(a) 6801(a)
3300(b) 7208
3300(c) 6808
3301(a) 6801(b), 6804
3301(b) 6808
3303 Omitted
3304(a)–(d) 6805(a)–(d)
3304(e), 3305 Omitted
3310 6331(a)
3310(a) 6011(a), 6071, 6601(c)(4), 6659
3310(b) 6011(a), 6601(c)(4), 6659
3310(c) 6601(a), (f)(1), 6659
3310(d) 6155(a), 6601(f)(1), 6659
3310(e) 6659
3310(f)(1) 6011(a), 6071, 6081(a)
3310(f)(2) 5703(c), 6302(c)
3311 6155(a), 6201(a)(2)(A), 6601(c)(4), 6659
3312(a) 6501(a)
3312(b) 6501(c)(1), (3)
3312(c) 6501(c)(2)
3312(d) 6502(a)
3313 5705(a), 6511(a), (b)(1), (2)
3314 Omitted
3320(a) 7268
3320(b) Omitted
3321 7206(4)
3321(b) 7301
3321(c) Omitted
3322 7301(d)
3323(a)(1), (2) 7271(4)
3323(a)(3) 7208(5)
3323(b) 7303(7)
3324(a)–(c) 7341(a)–(c)
3325 7211
3326 7304
3330 6065(a)
3331 5704(b), 7510
3332–3335 Omitted
3350(a), (b) 7652(b)(1), (2)
3351(a) 7653(a)(2)
3351(b), (c) 7653(b), (c)
3360(a) 7652(a)(1)
3360(b) 7101, 7652(a)(2), 7803(c)
3360(c) 7652(a)(3)
3361(a) 7653(a)(1)
3361(b), (c) 7653(b), (c)
3400(a), (c) 4071, 4072, 4073
3400(b), 3401 Omitted
3403 4061, 4062, 4063
3403(e) 6416(c)
3404 4141, 4142, 4143, 4151, 4152
3405 4111, 4112, 4113
3406(a)(1) 4161
3406(a)(2) Omitted
3406(a)(3) 4121
3406(a)(4) 4171, 4172, 4173
3406(a)(5) Omitted
3406(a)(6) 4191, 4192
3406(a)(7)–(9) Omitted
3406(a)(10) 4131
3406(b) 4221
3406(c) Omitted
3407 4181, 4182, 4224, 5831
3408 4201, 4221
3408(b) 6416(d)
3409(a) 4211
3409(b) Omitted
3412(a)–(f) 4081, 4082, 4083, 4101, 4102, 7101, 7232
3412(g) 6412(b)
3413 4091, 4092, 4093, 7101
3414, 3415, 3416 Omitted
3420 4521, 4531, 4541, 4551
3422 4521
3423 4531, 4532
3424 4551, 4552, 4553
3425 4541, 4542
3430 4601
3431 Omitted
3440 4217
3441 4216
3442 4220, 4224
3443 6416, 6611
3444, 3445, 3446 4218, 4219, 4223
3447 Omitted
3448(a) 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(b), 6151(a)
3448(b) 6151(a), 6601(a), (f)(1)
3449, 3450 Omitted
3451 4222
3453 Omitted
3460 4281, 4282, 4283
3461 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071, 6081, 6091(b), 6151(a)
3462 Omitted
3465 4251, 4252, 4253, 4254
3466 4253, 4292
3467 4291, 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6091(b), 6151(a), 6161(a)
3468 Omitted
3469(a), (b), (c) 4261, 4262
3469(d) 4291, 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071, 6091(b), 6151(a)
3469(e) 6081(a), 6161(a)
3469(f) 4262, 4292
3470 6151(a), 6601(a), (f)
3471 6415, 6416(f)
3472–3474 Omitted
3475(a) 4271, 4272
3475(b) 4272, 4292
3475(c) 4271, 4291, 6011(a), 6065(a), 6071, 6091(b), 6151(a)
3475(d) 6081(a), 6161(a)
3475(e) 4273, 7272
3480 4331, 4361
3481 4331, 4332, 4341, 4342, 4343, 4344, 4351–4353
3482 4361, 4362
3483 4382
3490 4501, 4503
3491 4501, 6011(a), 6071, 6091(b), 6151(a)
3492 4502
3493(a) 6418(b)
3493(b) 6511(e)(2)
3494(a) 6418(a)
3494(b) 6511(e)(1)
3495 6601(a), (f)
3496–3498 Omitted
3500, 3501 4501, 4504
3506 7240
3507 4502, 7701(a)
3508 4501, 6412(d)
3600 7601(a)
3601(a)(1), (2) 7606(a), (b)
3601(b) 7342
3601(c) 7212(a), (b)
3602 Omitted
3603 6001
3604(a) 6046(a), 6071, 6091(a)
3604(b) 6046(b), (c), 6065(a)
3604(c) 7201, 7203
3611(a)(1) 6011(a), 6065(a), 6081(a), 6091(a), (b)(1), (2)
3611(a)(2) 6020(a), 6065(a)
3611(b) 6071
3611(c) 6065(a), 6071, 6091(a), (b)(1), (2)
3612(a), (c) 6020(b)
3612(d)(1) 6651(a)
3612(d)(2) 6653(b)
3612(e) Omitted
3612(f) 6201(a)(1)
3613 6021
3614 7602, 7605(a)
3615 7605(a)
3615(a)–(c) 7602
3615(d) 7603
3615(e) 7604(b)
3616(a) 7207
3616(b) 7210
3616(c), 3617 Omitted
3630 6101
3631 7605(b)
3632(a) 7622(a)
3632(a)(1) 7602
3632(b) 7622(b)
3633 7402(b)
3633(a) 7604(a)
3633(b) Omitted
3634 6081(a)
3640 6201(a)
3641 6203
3642 6204
3643 Omitted
3644 6202
3645, 3646 Omitted
3647 6201(a)
3650 7621
3651(a)(1) 6301
3651(a)(2), (b) Omitted
3652 6302(a)
3653(a), (b) 7421(a), (b)
3654 Omitted
3655(a) 6303(a), 6659
3655(b) 6601(a), (f)(1), 6659
3656(a)(1) 6311(a)
3656(a)(2)(A), (B) 6311(b)(1), (2)
3656(b)(1) 6311(a)
3656(b)(2) 6311(b)(1)
3657 6312(a)
3658 6313
3659(a) 6314(a)
3659(b) Omitted
3660 6331(a)
3660(a) 6155(a), 6862
3660(b) 6863(a), 7101
3661 7501
3662, 3663 Omitted
3670 6321
3671 6322
3672 7207
3672(a), (b) 6323(a), (d)
3673(a), (b) 6325(a)(1), (2)
3674(a), (b) 6325(b)(1), (2)
3675 6325(c)
3676 7102
3677 Omitted
3678 7403
3679(a) 7424(a)
3679(b) Omitted
3679(c), (d) 7424(b), (c)
3680 Omitted
3690 6331(a), (b)
3691 6334
3692 6331(a), (b), 6334(c)
3693 6335(e)(2)(E)
3693(a)–(c) 6335(a), (b), (d)
3693(d) 6335(e)(2)(F)
3694 6342(a)
3695(a) 6335(e)(1), (2)(A)
3695(b) 6335(e)(2), 7505(a)
3695(c) 7505(b)
3696 6337(a)
3697(a)–(d) 6339(a)(1)–(4)
3698 Omitted
3700 6331(a), (b)
3701 6335(e)(2)(E)
3701(a)–(c) 6335(a), (b), (d)
3701(d) 6335(e)(1), (2)(A), (B)
3701(e) 6335(e)(1)
3701(f) 6335(e)(2)(D), (F), (3)
3702(a) 6337(a)
3702(b)(1), (2) 6337(b)(1), (2)
3702(c) 6337(c)
3703(a) 6338(c)
3703(b) 6338(a)
3704(a) 6338(c)
3704(b) 6338(b)
3704(c)(1), (2) 6339(b)(1), (2)
3705 Omitted
3706(a), (b) 6340(a)
3706(c)–(e) Omitted
3706(f) 6340(b)
3707 Omitted
3710(a), (b) 6332(a), (b)
3710(c) 6332(c), 7343
3711 6333
3712 6335(c), 6342(b)
3713, 3714(a) Omitted
3714(b) 6502(b)
3715 6331(c)
3716 6341
3717 Omitted
3720(a)(1)–(3) 7301(a)–(c)
3720(b) 7321
3720(c) Omitted
3721, 3722 7322, 7324
3722(a), (b) 7324(1), (2)
3722(c) 7101, 7324(3)
3722(d) 7324(4)
3723(a)–(c) 7323(a)–(c)
3723(d) Omitted
3724 7101, 7325
3725 6807
3726 7327
3727 Omitted
3740 7401
3742, 3743, 3745 Omitted
3746(a) 7405(a)
3746(b) 6532(b), 7405(b)
3746(c) Omitted
3746(d) 6602
3747 7406
3748 6531
3760, 3761 7121, 7122
3762 7206(5)
3770(a)(1) 6402(a), 6404(a)
3770(a)(2) 6401(a)
3770(a)(3) 6407
3770(a)(4) 6402(a)
3770(a)(5) 6402(a), 6404(a)
3770(b) 7423
3770(b)(1), (2) 7423(1), (2)
3770(c) 6401(c)
3771(a) 6611(a)
3771(b)(1) 6611(b)(1)
3771(b)(2) 6611(b)(2), (e)
3771(c) 6611(c)
3771(d) Omitted
3771(e) 6611(f)
3771(f), (g) Omitted
3772(a)(1) 7422(a)
3772(a)(2), (3) 6532(a)(1), (4)
3772(b) 7422(b)
3772(c) Omitted
3772(d), (e) 7422(c), (d)
3773 Omitted
3774 6514(a)
3774(b) 6532(a)(2)
3775 6514(b)
3777(a)–(c) 6405(a)–(c)
3778 Omitted
3779(a) 6091(a), 6164(a)
3779(b) 6065(a), 6071, 6081(a), 6164(b)
3779(c)–(g) 6164(c)–(g)
3779(h) 6155(a), 6164(h)
3779(i) 6601(a), (e), (f)(1)
3780(a) 6065(a), (b), 6071, 6091(a), 6411(a)
3780(b) 6411(b)
3780(c) 6213(b)(2)
3781 6164(i), 6411(c)
3790 6406, 6611(g)
3791(a) 6071, 6081(a), 6091(a), (b)(1), (2), 7805(a)
3791(b) 7805(b)
3792 7623
3793 7206(3)
3793(a)(2) 7303(8)
3793(b) 7206(2), 7207
3793(b)(2) 7343
3794 6601(a)
3795(a)–(d) 7506(a)–(d)
3797(a)(1)–(11) 7701(a)(1)–(11)
3797(a)(12) 7701(a)(13)
3797(a)(13) Omitted
3797(a)(14)–(20) 1465, 7701(a)(14)–(20)
3797(b), (c) 7701(b), (c)
3798 7507
3799 76
3800 7402(a)
3801 1311–1314
3802 7511
3803 7852(a)
3804(a) 7508(a)
3804(b), (c) Omitted
3804(d) 7508(b)
3804(e) Omitted
3804(f) 7508(a)
3805 6072(e)
3806 1481
3808 Omitted
3809(a) 7206(1)
3809(b) 6061, 6064
3809(c) 6065(a)
3810 Omitted
3811 7651
3812 6521
3813, 3814 503, 504
3900 7802
3901(a) 6801(a), 7805(c)
3901(b) 7803(b)(2)
3905, 3906, 3910, 3911, 3915, 3916 Omitted
3920, 3921 7803(a)
3930(a) 7801(b)
3930(b) Omitted
3931, 3932 7801(b), (c)
3940–3942 Omitted
3943 7101, 7803(c)
3944, 3950–3955, 3960–3967 Omitted
3970 7808
3971(a), (b) 7809(a), (b)
3971(b)(1)–(3) 7809(b)(1)–(3)
3975–3978 7803(d)
3990, 3991 Omitted
3992 7101, 7402(d), 7803(c)
3993, 3994 Omitted
3995(c) 7402(d)
3996, 3997 Omitted
4000 7803(a)
4001–4003 Omitted
4010 7101, 7803(c)
4011, 4012 Omitted
4013(a) 5241
4013(b)–(d) Omitted
4014–4022, 4030–4033 Omitted
4040 7803(b)(1)
4041(a) 7803(a)
4041(b) Omitted
4042 7402(c)
4043–4046 Omitted
4047(a)(1) 7213(b)
4047(b) 7214(b)
4047(c), (d) Omitted
4047(e) 7214(a)
4048 7344
5000–5004 8001–8005
5010–5012 8021–8023
Table II
1986 Code

section number

1939 Code

section number

1 11, 12(b)(3), (c), (f)
2 12(d)
3 400
4 23(aa)(4), 401, 402, 404
5  
11 13, 15, 104(b), 261
12  
21 108
31 35, 322(a)(4)
32 32
33 31
34  
35 25
36 23(aa)(2)
37  
38  
61 22(a)
62 22(n)
63 21
71 22(k)
72 22(b)(2)
73 22(m)
74  
75 22(o)
76 22(j), 3799
77 123
101 22(b)(1)
102 22(b)(3)
103 22(b)(4)
104 22(b)(5)
105  
106  
107 22(b)(6)
108 22(b)(9), (10)
109 22(b)(11)
110  
111 22(b)(12)
112 22(b)(13)
113 22(b)(14)
114 22(b)(16)
115 22(b)(8), 116(d), (e)
116  
117  
118  
119  
120  
121 22(b)(17), 116(i)
141 23(aa)(1)
142 23(aa)(4), (5), 213(d)
143 23(aa)(6)
144 23(aa)(3), (7)
145  
151 25(b)(1)
152 25(b)(3)
153 25(b)(2)
154  
161 23
162 23(a)(1)
163 23(b)
164 23(c), (d)
165 23(e), (f), (g)(1), (2), (3), (4), (h), (i), (k)(2)
166 23(k)
167 23(l), 23(n), 114(a)
168 23(t), 124A
169 23(t), 124B
170 23(o), (q), 120
171 23(v), 125
172 23(s), 122
173 23(bb)
174  
175  
211 23
212 23(a)(2)
213 23(x)
214  
215 23(u)
216 23(z)
217  
241 26
242 26(a)
243 26(b)(1)
244 26(b)(2)
245 26(b)(3)
246 26(b)
247 26(h)
248  
261 24(a)
262 24(a)(1)
263 23(a)(1)(C), 24(a)(2), (3)
264 24(a)(4), (6)
265 23(b), 24(a)(5)
266 24(a)(7)
267 24(b), (c)
268 24(f)
269 129
270 130
271 23(k)(6)
272  
273 24(d)
301 22(e), 115(a), (b), (d), (e), (j)
302 115(c), (g)(1), (i)
303 115(g)(3)
304 115(g)(2)
305 115(f)
306  
307 113(a)(19)
311  
312 115(c), (h), (l), (m), 394(d)
316 115(a), (b)
317  
318  
331 115(c)
332 112(b)(6)
333 112(b)(7)
334 113(a)(15), (18)
336  
337  
338  
341 117(m)
342 115(c)
346 115(i)
351 112(b)(5), (c), (e)
354 112(b)(3)
355 112(b)(3), (11)
356 112(c), (e)
357 112(k)
358 113(a)(6), (23)
361 112(b)(4), (d), (e)
362 113(a)(7), (8)
363  
367 112(i)
368 112(g)(1), (2), (h)
371 112(b)(10), (c), (d), (e), (k), (l)
372 113(a)(22)
373 112(b)(9), 113(a)(20), (21)
381  
382  
391  
392  
393  
394  
395  
401 165(a)
402 165(b), (c), (d)
403 22(b)(2)(B)
404 23(p)
421 130A
441 41, 48(a), (b)
442 46
443 47(a), (c), (e), (g); 146(a)
446 41
451 42(a)
452  
453 44
454 42(b), (c), (d)
461 43
462  
471 22(c)
472 22(d)(1)–(5)
481  
482 45
501 101 except (12) and last par.; 165(a), 421
502 Last par. 101
503 3813
504 3814
511 421
512 421(c), (d); 422
513 422(b)
514 423
515 424
521 101(12)(A)
522 101(12)(B)
526 116(g)
531 102(a)
532 102(a)
533 102(b), (c)
534  
535 26(d), 27(b)(2), 102(d)
536 102(f)
537  
541 500
542 501
543 502, 507(b)
544 503
545 26(c), (d); 504, 505
546 505(e)
547 506
551 337
552 331
553 332
554 333
555 334
556 26(c), 335, 336
557 336(d)
561 26(f), 27(a)
562 26(f), 27(b)–(i)
563 504(c)
564 26(f), 27(c)–(i)
565 26(g), 28
581 104(a)
582 23(k)(2), 117(i)
583 121
584 169, second sentence of 170
591 23(r)
592 23(dd)
593 23(k)
594 110
601 26(d)
611 23(m)
612 114(b)(1)
613 114(b)(3), (4)
614  
615 23(ff)
616 23(cc)
621 22(b)(15)
631 117(k)
632 105
641 161
642 162(a), (e), (f); 163, 168, 170, 172
643 162(d)
651 162(b)
652 162(b), 164
661 162(b), (c)
662 162(b), (c), 164
663 162(d)
665  
666  
667  
668  
671  
672  
673  
674  
675  
676 166
677 167
678  
681 162(g)
682 171
683  
691 126
692 154
701 181
702 182, 183, 184, 186, 189
703 183, 189
704 191, 3797(a)(2)
705  
706 188
707  
708  
721  
722  
723 113(a)(13)
731  
732 113(a)(13)
733  
734  
735  
736  
741  
742  
743  
751  
752  
753  
754  
755  
761 3797(a)(2)
771  
801 201(b)
802 201(a)(1)
803 201(c)(1)–(7), (d), (e)
804 202(b)
805 203A(b), (c), (d)
806 202(c)
807 201(a)(2), (3)
821 207(a)
822 207(a)(5), (b)(1), (4), (c), (d), (e), (f)
823 207(b)(2), (3)
831 204(a)
832 204(a)(2), (b)–(f)
841 205
842 206
851 361
852 362(a), (b)(1)–(7)
853  
854  
855 362(b)(8)
861 119(a), (b), (e)
862 119(c), (d), (e)
863 119(e)
864 119(f)
871 211(a), (b), (c)
872 212
873 213, 214
874 215, 216
875 219
876 220
877 221
881 231(a)
882 231(b), (c); 232(a), (b); 233, 234, 235(a)
883 231(d)
884 236(b), 237, 238
891 103
892 116(c)
893 116(h)
894 22(b)(7)
901 131(a), (g)
902 131(f)(1), (2)
903 131(h)
904 131(b)(1)
905 131(c), (d), (e)
911 116(a)
912 116(j), (k)
921 109
922 26(i)
931 251
932 252
933 116(l)
941 262
942 263
943 116(f), 265
1001 111
1002 112(a)
1011 113(b), except (1)–(4)
1012 113(a)
1013 113(a)(1)
1014 113(a)(5)
1015 113(a)(2), (3), (4)
1016 113(b)(1), (2)
1017 113(b)(3)
1018 113(b)(4)
1019 113(c)
1020 113(d)
1021  
1022 113(e)
1031 112(b)(1), (c)(1), (e), 113(a)(6)
1032  
1033 112(f), 113(a)(9)
1034 112(n)
1035  
1036 112(b)(2)
1051 113(a)(11)
1052 113(a)(12), (16)
1053 113(a)(14)
1054  
1071 112(m)
1081 112(b)(8), 371
1082 372, 113(a)(17)
1083 373
1091 118, 113(a)(10)
1201 117(c)
1202 23(ee), 117(b)
1211 117(d)
1212 117(e)
1221 117(a)(1)
1222 117(a)(2)–(10)
1223 117(h)
1231 117(j)
1232 117(f)
1233 117(e), (g)(1)
1234 117(g)(2)
1235  
1236 117(n)
1237  
1238 117(g)(3)
1239 117(o)
1240 117(p)
1241  
1301 107(a)
1302 107(b)
1303 107(d)
1304 107(c), (e)
1311 3801(b)
1312 3801(b)
1313 3801(a)
1314 3801(c), (d), (e), (f), (g)
1315  
1321 22(d)(6)
1331 127(c)(1)
1332 127(c)(2)
1333 127(c)(3)
1334 127(c)(4)
1335 127(c)(5)
1336 127(d)
1337 127(e), (f)
1341  
1346 128
1347 106
1351  
1361  
1401 480
1402 481
1403 482
1441 143(b)
1442 144
1443 143(h)
1451 143(a)
1461 143(c)
1462 143(d)
1463 143(e)
1464 143(f)
1465 3797(a)(16)
1471 650, 651
1481 3806
1491 1250
1492 1251
1493 1252
1494 1253
1501 141(a)
1502 141(b)
1503 141(c)
1504 141(d), (e), (f), (g)
1505 141(h), (i)
1551 15(c)
1552  
2001 810, 935
2002 822(b)
2011 810, 813(b)
2012 813(a)(2), 936(b)
2013  
2014 813(c), 936(c)
2015 927
2016 874(b)(3)
2031 811(k)
2032 811(j)
2033 811(a)
2034 811(b)
2035 811(c)(1)(A), 811(1)
2036 811(c)(1)(B)
2037 811(c)(1)(C), (c)(2), (3)
2038 811(d)
2039  
2040 811(e)
2041 811(f); 403(d)(2) R.A. 1942; 2, P.L. 635 (80th Cong.)
2042 811(g)
2043 811(i), 812(b)
2044 811(h)
2051 812
2052 935(c)
2053 812(b)
2054 812(b)
2055 812(d)
2056 812(e)
2101 860, 935
2102 861(a)(2)
2103 861(a)
2104 862
2105 863
2106 861
2201 939
2202 850
2203 930(a)
2204 825(a)
2205 826(b)
2206 826(c)
2207 826(d)
2501 1000(a)
2502 1001(a), (b); 1008(a), 1030(a)
2503 1003(a), 1003(b)
2504  
2511 1000(b), 1030(b)
2512 1002, 1005
2513 1000(f)
2514 1000(c); 452(b)(2) R.A. 1942; 2, P.L. 635 (80th Cong.)
2515  
2516  
2521 1004(a)(1)
2522 1004(a)(2), 1004(b)
2523 1004(a)(3)
2524 1004(c)
3101 1400
3102 1401(a), (b)
3111 1410
3112 1412
3121 1426(a)–(e), (g)–(l)
3122 1420(e)
3123 1427
3124 1428
3125 1432
3201 1500
3202 1501(a), (b)
3211 1510
3212 1511
3221 1520
3231 1532(a)–(e), (g), (h)
3232 1534
3233 1538
3301 1600
3302 1601(a), (b), (c)
3303 1602
3304 1603
3305 1606
3306 1607(a)–(j), (l)–(o)
3307 1608
3308 1611
3401 1621
3402 1622(a)–(d), (g)–(k)
3403 1623
3404 1624
3501 1420(a), 1530(a), 1605(a)
3502 1402, 1503, 1512, 1622(e)
3503 1422, 1531
3504 1632
4001 1650, 2400
4002 2412(a)
4003 2400, 2412(b)
4011 1650, 2401
4012 2401, 2412(a)
4013 2412(b)
4021 1650, 2402(a)
4022 2402(a), (b)
4031 1651(a)
4041 2450
4051 2403(c)
4052 2404
4053 2405
4054 2413
4055 2406, 2453
4056 2406
4057  
4061 3403(a), (b), (c)
4062  
4063 3403(c), (d)
4071 3400(a)
4072 3400(c)
4073 3400(a)
4081 3412(a)
4082 3412(b), 3412(c)
4083 3412(a)
4091 3413
4092 3413
4093 3413
4101 3412(d)
4102 3412(e)
4111 3405
4112 3405
4113 3405(b)
4121 3406(a)(3)
4131 3406(a)
4141 3404(a)
4142 3404(b)
4143 3404(a), 3404(b)
4151 3404(d)
4152 3404(d)
4161 3406(a)(1)
4171 3406(a)
4172 3406(a)(4)
4173 3406(a)(4)
4181 2700(a), 3407
4182 2700(b)(2), 3407; 706, P.L. 911 (81st Cong.)
4191 3406(a)(6)
4192 3406(a)(6)
4201 3408(a)
4211 3409(a)
4216 2704, 3441
4217 3440
4218 3444
4219 3445
4220 3442
4221 3406(b), 3408(b)
4222 2456, 3451
4223 3446
4224 2700(b), 3407, 3442(3)
4225 2705
4226  
4231 1700
4232 1700(e), 1704
4233 1701
4234 1702, 1703
4241 1710
4242 1712
4243 1711
4251 3465
4252 3465
4253 3465, 3466(b), (c)
4254 3465
4261 3469
4262 3469(a), (b), (f)
4271 3475(a), (c)
4272 3475(a), (b)
4273 3475(e)
4281 3460(a)
4282 3460(b)
4283 3460(c)
4286 1850
4287 1857
4291 1715(a), 1851, 3467(b), 3469(d), 3475(c)
4292 3466(a), 3469(f), 3475(b)(1)
4293 307 R.A. 1943
4294  
4301 1800, 1802(a)
4302 1802(a)
4303 1808(g)
4304 1802(a)
4305  
4311 1800, 1801
4312 1801
4313 1801
4314 1801
4315 1801
4316  
4321 1800, 1802(b)
4322 1802(b)
4323 1802(b)
4324  
4331 3480, 3481(a)
4332 3481(a)
4333  
4341 1802(b), 3481(a)
4342 1802(b), 3481(a)
4343 1802(c), 3481(b)
4344 1802(b), 3481
4345  
4351 1802(b), 3481(a)
4352 1802(b), 3481(a)
4353 1802(b), 3481(a)
4354  
4361 3480, 3482
4362 3482
4363  
4371 1804(a)–(c)
4372 1804(a)–(d)
4373 1804, 1808(b)
4374 1821(b)(3)
4375  
4381 1801, 1802(a), (b)
4382 1808(a)–(f), except (b), 3483
4383 1809(a)
4401 3285(a), (c), (d)
4402 3285(e)
4403 3287
4404 3285(f)
4405  
4411 3290
4412 3291
4413 3292
4414  
4421 3285(b)
4422 3297
4423 3298
4451 1807
4452 1831(a)
4453 1830
4454 1809(a)
4455 1831(b)
4456 1832
4457  
4461 3267(a)
4462 3267(b)
4463 3267(c)
4471 1650, 3268(a)
4472 3268(a)
4473 3268(a)
4474  
4501 3490(a), 3491(a), 3500, 3508
4502 3492, 3507
4503 3490(b)
4504 3501
4511 2470(a)(1), (2)
4512 2477
4513 2470(a)(2), 2470(b), 2474
4514  
4521 3420, 3422
4531 3420, 3423
4532 3423
4541 3420, 3425
4542 3425
4551 3420, 3424
4552 3424
4553 3424(a)
4561 2490, 2491(a)
4562 2491(a)
4571 2490, 2491(b), 2491(d)
4572 2491(f)
4581 2490, 2491(c)
4582 2491(c), (g), 2492
4591 2306, 2311(a)
4592 2300
4593 2300, 2307
4594 2302
4595 2303, 2404
4596 2302(e)
4597 2303(c)
4601 2493, 3430
4602 2492
4603  
4701 2550(a), (b)
4702 2551(a), (b), (c)
4703 2552(a)
4704 2553
4705 2554
4706 2558(a), (c)
4707  
4711 2567(a)
4712 2567(b), 2568
4713 2569
4714 2571
4715  
4721 3220
4722 3221
4723 2553(a)
4724 3224
4725 3227(a)
4726  
4731 P.L. 240, (83d Cong.); 3228(a)
4732 2555
4733 2558(b)
4734 2561
4735 2564; P.L. 238, (83d Cong.)
4736 2562
4741 2590(a), (b)
4742 2591
4743 2592(a)
4744 2593
4745 2598
4746  
4751 3230(a)
4752 3230(b), (c), (d)
4753 3231
4754 3233
4755 3234
4756 2601, 3237
4757  
4761 3238
4762 2603
4771 2550(c)(1), (2); 2552(b), 2590(c), 2592(b)
4772 3222, 3232
4773 2556, 2595
4774 2563, 2602
4775 3226, 3236
4776  
4801 2651(a), (b)
4802 2650
4803 2651(c), 2659(a)
4804 2653
4805 2654, 2655
4806  
4811 2321(a), (b)
4812 2306, 2327(a)
4813 2305, 2321(c), 2327(a), (d)
4814 2322(b)–(e)
4815 2323(c), 2324
4816 2307, 2327(a)
4817 2325
4818 2311, 2327(a)
4819  
4821 3206
4822 3208
4826 2320, 2322(a), 2323(a), (b); 3208
4831 2351(a), (b); 2356
4832 2351(c), 2355, 2356, 2361
4833 2352(b)–(e)
4834 2353(b), 2354(b), (c)
4835 2360
4836  
4841 3210
4842 3212
4846 2350, 2352(a), 2353(a), 2354(a)
4851 1920(a), (b)
4852 1931
4853 1925
4854 1926
4861 1921
4862 1927
4863 1922
4864 1923
4865 1924
4871 1920(c)
4872 1928
4873 1932
4874 1930
4875 1935
4876 1933
4877  
4881 1900
4882 1905
4883 1901, 1906
4884 1902
4885 1903
4886  
4891 1805
4892 1805
4893 1809(a)
4894 1805
4895 1805
4896 1805
4897  
4901 3271
4902 3277
4903 3278, 3292
4904 3279
4905 3280
4906 3276
4907 3283, 3292
5001 2800(a)(1), (4), (6), (c); 3030(a)(1); 3111; 3125(a); 3182(b)
5002 2809(a), (b)(1), (2), (c), (d)
5003  
5004 2800(e)(1), (2), (3), (4); 3112
5005 2800(a)(1), (d); 3112
5006 2800(a)(1), (b)(2), (f); 2879(b); 2880, 2900(a)
5007 2800(f), (a)(3), (4); 2846(a), 2847(a); 3112(b); 3125(a)
5008 2803(a)–(e), 2903(b)–(e)
5009 2802, 2885, 2878
5010 2802(a), (b); 2866
5011 2891(b), 2901(a), (b), (c), (d); 3113
5012 2887
5021 2800(a)(5), 2801(b)
5022 3030(a)(2)
5023 2801(e)(5)
5024  
5025 2800(a)(5); 2801(c)(2), (e); 2883(e), 3036(a), 3250(h), (i); 3254(g)
5026 2800(a)(1)(A)
5027 2802(c)
5028  
5041 3030(a)(1), (2)
5042 3030(a)(1)
5043 3030(b), 3041
5044  
5045  
5051 3150(a), (c)
5052 3160, 3254
5053 3153(b)(c)
5054 3150(b)(1)
5055 3150(b)(2), 3157(a)
5056  
5057  
5061 3172(a)
5062 3179(a), (b)
5063 1656(a), (b), (c)
5064 3174
5065  
5081 3250(f)(1)
5082 3254(g)
5083  
5084  
5091 3250(c)(1), (d)(3)
5092 3254(d)
5093  
5101 3250(j)(1)
5102 3254(h)
5103  
5104 3271(c)(1)
5105 2818(a)
5106 3250(j)(3)
5111 3250(a)(1), (a)(3), (d)(1), (d)(2); 3254(c)(2)
5112 3254(b), (e)
5113 3250(a)(4), (d)(3), (g); 3251(a), (b)
5114 2857, 2858
5115 2863
5116 2831
5121 3250(b)(1), (b)(4), (e)(1), (2), (3)
5122 3250(b)(2), 3254(c)(1), (f)
5123 3250(e)(4); 3251(c); 3255(a), (b), (c)
5124 3252(a), (b), (c)
5131 3250(l)(1), (2)
5132 3250(l)(3)
5133 3250(l)(4)
5134 3250(l)(5)
5141 3270
5142 3271(a), (b), (c)
5143 3272(a)
5144 3277, 3278, 3279, 3280(a), 3283
5145 3273(a)
5146 3273(b)
5147 3275(a)
5148 3276
5149 3282
5171 2819
5172 2832
5173 2820(a), 2822, 2823
5174 2810
5175 2812
5176 2814(a)(1), (a)(2)
5177 2814(a)(1); 2815(a), (b)(1)(A), (B), (C), (D)
5178 2816
5179 2817(a), (b)
5180 2831
5191 2849, 2850(a)
5192 2820, 2838, 2877, 3042
5193 2820, 2878(a), (b), (c), (d)
5194 2883(a)–(g), 2916
5195 2836, 2870
5196 2826, 2827, 2828, 2830, 2839
5197 2841, 2844, 2859
5211 2804
5212 2808
5213 2811
5214 2871
5215 2825
5216 2834
5217 3183(a), (b), (c)
5231 2872, 2873, 2875
5232 2879(c), (d)
5233  
5241 2872, 2873, 2915, 4013(a)
5242 2879(a)
5243 2903(a), (f), (g); 2904, 2905, 2910, 2911
5244 2882
5245 2881
5246 2875
5247 2885(a), (b), 2886, 2888
5248  
5249  
5250 2884
5251  
5252 2874
5271 2812
5272 2801(e)(1)
5273 2801(e)(2)
5274 2831
5275  
5281 2801(e)(1), (d)
5282 2813, 2861, 2862
5283 2828, 2830
5284  
5285 2855, 2857
5301 3100
5302 3101
5303 3102
5304 3114
5305 3105
5306 3103
5307 3106
5308 3107
5309 3104
5310 3108(a)–(d); 3109, 3125(b)
5311 3125(a)
5312  
5313 3121(a), (c)
5314 3117
5315 3119
5316 3120
5317 3121(d), 3122
5318 3123
5319 3124
5320  
5331 3070(a), (b)
5332 3073
5333 3074
5334  
5351 3040
5352  
5353  
5354 3031(a), 3040
5355  
5356 3040
5357  
5361  
5362 3030(a)(1), 3031(a), 3037, 3038; 19 U.S.C. 81(c), 1309, 1311
5363  
5364  
5365  
5366 3034, 3035, 3042
5367 3171
5368 3030(a)(1), 3040, 3041
5369 3040
5370 3039
5371  
5372  
5373 3031, 3032, 3033, 3036, 3037(a)
5381 3036, 3044(a), 3045
5382 3032, 3036, 3044, 3045
5383 3036, 3044(b), (c)
5384 3045
5385 3043(a)
5386 2801(e)(3), (4)
5387 3254(g)
5388  
5391 2801(c), (e)(3); 3031(a)
5392 3036, 3044(b), 3045
5401 3153(b); 3155(a), (b)
5402 3158, 3254(d)
5403  
5411 3158
5412 3104, 3155(f)
5413 3155(f)
5414  
5415 3155(c)
5416  
5501  
5502 3110
5511 3182(a)
5512  
5521 3177(a), (b), (c), (d)(1)
5522 2891(a)
5523 3178
5551 2815(c), (d), (e)
5552 2829
5553  
5554  
5555 3171
5556 3176
5557 3175
5601 2810
5602 2818
5603 2812
5604 2814
5605 2815(a)
5606 2833
5607 2819
5608 2834
5609 2811
5610 2843
5611 2842
5612 2838
5613 2836
5614 2870
5615 2828
5616 2827
5617 2826
5618 2822
5619 2839
5620 2841
5621 2857(a), 2859
5622 2807
5623 2853
5624 2852
5625 2806(c)
5626 2806(f)
5627 2801(e)(2)
5628 2801(f)
5629 2856
5630 2865
5631 2876
5632 2912, 2913
5633 2914(a)
5634 2806(a)(1)(2)
5635 2867
5636 2866
5637 2868
5638 2869
5639 2806(d)
5640 2803(f)
5641 2871
5642 2803(g)
5643 2908
5644 2909
5645 2806(b)(1)
5646 2806(e)
5647 3072
5648 2885(d)
5649 2854
5650 2850
5661 3043
5662  
5663  
5671 3159
5672 3159
5673 3159
5674 3159
5675 3155(f)
5676 3159(e), (f), (g), (h), (i)
5681 2831
5682 2821, 2851
5683 3173(a)
5684 3173(b)
5685 3173(c)
5686 3115, 3116
5687 2806(g)
5688 2805(a)–(b); 3118, 3173(d), 63 Stat. 377 et seq.
5689 2800(a)(1)(B), 3112(b), 3150(b)(3)
5690 3173(b)(4)
5691 3253
5692 3252
5693 3274
5701 2000
5702 2010, 2030, 2050, 2110
5703 2001, 2002(b), (c), 2194, 3310(f)(2)
5704 2040, 2101, 2111(f); 2130(d); 2135(a)(1), (2), (3); 2197(b); 2130(d)
5705 2137, 2198, 3313
5706 2136
5707 2000(g)(1), (2), (3)
5711 2013, 2033, 2039(a), 2053
5712 2012, 2032, 2052
5713 2014, 2054
5721 2017, 2036
5722 2019, 2038, 2039(b), 2194
5723 2100, 2102, 2103(a)(1), 2111, 2112(a)(1), 2130(a), (b), (c)
5731 2059, 2060
5732 2058
5741 2018, 2037, 2039(b)(1), 2056, 2194
5751 2104(a), 2113, 2170(a)(2)
5752 2103(e), 2112(e)
5753 2190
5761 2156(c), 2161(m)(1), 2180(1)
5762 2130(a), (b), (c); 2151(a), (c); 2155(a), 2156, 2160(a)–(e), (g), (i); 2161(a), (c), (e)–(g); 2162(a)(2), (4), (b); 2170(a)(2), (4), (b); 2171(a), (b)(2); 2172, 2173(a), 2174, 2176(a)(2), (3); 2180(a), (d)–(f)
5763 2155(b), 2160(h), 2161(b), (h), (i)(1), (j)(1), (l)(1), (m)(2); 2170(b), 2171(a), 2175, 2180(b), (g)(1), (h), (i), (k), (l)(1), (2)
5801 3260
5802 3261(a)
5803 3262
5811 2720
5812 2721
5813 2722
5814 2723
5821 2734
5831 2700, 3407
5841 3261(b)
5842 2724
5843 2725
5844 2727
5845 2728
5846 2731
5847 2732
5848 2733
5851 2726(a)
5852 2726(b)
5853 2726(c)
5854 3263
5861 2729
5862 2730
6001 51, 54(a), (b); 821(d), 1007(a), (b); 1720, 1835, 1928(b), 2302, 2303, 2322(c), 2324, 2352, 2555, 2569(d), 2594(a), 2653(b), 2709, 2724, 3220(c), 3233(a), 3603
6011(a) 47(a), 51, 143(c), 215(a), 217, 235, 251(g), 1420(c), 1530(b), 1604(a), 1624, 1700 (c)(2), (d)(2), (e)(2); 1716(a), 1852(a), 1902(a)(1), 2403(a), 2451(a), 2471, 2701, 3272(a), 3310(a), (b), (f)(1), 3448(a), 3461, 3467(b), 3469(d), 3475(c), 3491(a), 3611(a)(1)
6011(b)  
6012(a) 51(a), 52(a), 142(a)(2), (3), (4); 217(b), 235(b)
6012(b)(1) 51(b)(4), (c), (g)(5); 142(a)(1)
6012(b)(2) 51(c), 58(f), 142(a)
6012(b)(3) 52(a)
6012(b)(4) 142(a)
6012(b)(5) 142(b)
6013(a) 51(b)(1), (2), (3), (4), (5)
6013(b) 51(g)(1)–(5)
6014(a) 51(f)(1), (2), (4)
6014(b) 51(b)(1), 51(f)(3)
6015(a) 58(a)
6015(b) 58(c)
6015(c) 58(b)
6015(d) 58(b)
6015(e) 58(d)(2)
6015(f) 58(d)(3)
6015(g) 60(b)
6015(h) 58(a)
6016  
6017 482(a)
6018(a) 821(a)(1), 864(a)(1), 937
6018(b) 821(a)(2), 864(a)(2)
6019(a) 1006(a)
6019(b)  
6020(a) 3611(a)(2)
6020(b) 3612(a), (c)
6020(c)  
6021 3613
6031 187
6032 169(f)
6033(a) 54(f)
6033(b) 153(a)
6033(c)  
6034(a) 153(b)
6034(b) 153(b)
6035(a) 338
6035(b) 339
6036 274(a), 820
6037  
6041(a) 147(b)(2)
6041(b) 147(b)(1)
6041(c) 147(c)
6041(d)  
6042 148(a), (b), (c)
6043 148(d), (e)
6044(a) 148(f)
6044(b) 148(f)
6044(c) 148(f)
6045 149
6046(a) 3604(a)
6046(b) 3604(b)
6046(c) 3604(b)
6046(d)  
6051(a) 1403, 1633(a), (b)
6051(b) 1633(a)
6051(c) 1633(b)
6051(d) 1633(b)
6061 3809(b)
6062 52(a)
6063 187
6064 58(g), 3809(b)
6065(a) 142(a), (b), 148(a), (d), (e); 149, 169(f), 187, 233, 821(a), 864(a), 1006(a), 1604(a), 1716(a), 1852(a), 1902(a)(1), 2403(a), 2471, 2555(a), (c); 2701, 3233(a), 3272(a), 3330, 3448(a), 3461, 3467(b), 3469(d), 3475(c), 3604(b), 3611(a), (c), 3779(b), 3780(a), 3809(c)
6065(b) 51(a), 54(f), 58(b), 215(a), 3780(a)
6071 141(b), 147(a), 148(a), (b), (c), (e); 149, 150, 153(a), (b), 821(b), 864(b), 874(b)(3), 1253(a), 1420(c), 1530(b), 1604(a), 1716(b), 1852(a), 1902(a)(1), 2403(a), 2451(a), 2471, 2555(b), (c), 2701, 2734(e), 3233(a), 3272(a), 3310(a), (f)(1); 3448(a), 3461, 3467(b), 3469(d), 3475(c), 3491(a), 3604(a), 3611(b), (c); 3779(b), 3780(a), 3791(a)
6072(a) 53(a)(1), 143(c)
6072(b) 53(a)
6072(c) 217(a), 235(a)
6072(d)  
6072(e) 3805
6073(a) 58(d)(1)
6073(b) 60(a)
6073(c) 58(d)(2)
6073(d) 60(b)
6073(e) 60(c)
6074(a)  
6074(b)  
6074(c)  
6075(a) 821(b), 864(b)
6075(b) 1006(b)
6081(a) 53(a)(2), 58(e), 141(b), 147(a), 148(a), (b), (c), (e); 149, 150, 153(a), (b); 821(b), 864(b), 874(b)(3), 1253(a), 1420(c), 1530(b), 1604(b), 1625(c), 1633(c), 1716(b), 2403(a), 2451(a), 2471, 2555(c)(1), 2701, 3233(a), 3272(a), 3310(f)(1), 3448(a), 3461, 3467(b), 3469(e), 3475(d), 3611(a)(1), 3634, 3779(b), 3791(a)
6081(b)  
6081(c)  
6091(a) 147(a), 148(b), (c), (d), 149, 150, 153(a), (b), 820, 874(b)(3), 1253(a), 1420(c), 1530(b), 2555(c)(1), 2734(e), 3233(a), 3604(a), 3611(a)(1), (c); 3779(a), 3780(a), 3791(a)
6091(b)(1) 53(b)(1), 58(d)(2), 60(b), 143(c), 821(c), 864(c), 1006(b), 1604(a), 1716(c), 1852(b), 1902(a)(2), 2403(a), 2451(a), 2471, 2701, 3272(a), 3291(a), 3448(a), 3461, 3467(b), 3469(d), 3475(c), 3491(c), 3611(a)(1), (c); 3791(a)
6091(b)(2) 53(b)(2), 141(b), 143(c), 1604(a), 1716(c), 1852(b), 1902(a)(2), 2403(a), 2451(a), 2471, 2701, 3272(a), 3291(a), 3448(a), 3461, 3467(b), 3469(d), 3475(c), 3491(c), 3611(a)(1), (c); 3791(a)
6091(b)(3) 821(c), 864(c)
6091(b)(4)  
6101 3630
6102  
6103(a) 55(a)
6103(b) 55(b)
6103(c) 55(c)
6103(d) 55(d)
6103(e) 58(h)
6103(f) 55(e)
6104 153(c)
6105 722(g)
6106 1604(c)
6107 3275, 3292
6108 63
6109  
6151(a) 56(a), 143(c), (h); 144, 218(a), 236(a), 822(a)(1), 1008(a), 1253(a), 1530(b), 1715(b), (c); 1853(a), (b); 1902(a)(3), (b); 2403(b), 2451(a), (b); 2472, 2702(a), 3220, 3230, 3271(b), 3272(a), 3448(a), (b); 3461, 3467(b), 3469(b), 3470, 3475(c), 3491(a), (c)
6151(b) 51(f)(2), 56(i)
6151(c) 322(b)(4), (e)
6152(a)(1) 56(b)(2)(A)
6152(a)(1)(A) 56(b)(2)(A)
6152(a)(1)(B) 56(b)(2)(B)
6152(a)(2) 56(b)(1)
6152(a)(3) 1605(c)
6152(b)(1) 56(b)(3)(A), 1605(c)
6152(b)(2) 56(b)(3)(B)
6152(c) 272(i)
6152(d) 56(b)(4)
6153(a) 59(a)
6153(b) 60(a)
6153(c) 59(b)
6153(d) 60(b)
6153(e) 60(c)
6153(f) 59(c)
6154  
6155(a) 22(d)(6)(F), 51(f)(2), 131(c), 146(a), 272(b), (c); 273(a), (g), (i); 274(b), 292(a), 871(b), (c), (i); 872(a), (g), (i); 874(b)(3), 891, 1012(b), (c); 1013(a), (g), (i); 1015(b), 1021, 1117(g), 1605(c), 3310(d), 3311, 3660(a), 3779(h)
6155(b)  
6156  
6161(a)(1) 56(c), 58(e), 1008(b), 1605(d), 3467(b), 3469(e), 3475(d)
6161(a)(2) 822(a)(2)
6161(b)(1) 272(j), 1012(i)
6161(b)(2) 871(h)
6161(c) 274(b), 1015(b)
6161(d)  
6162(a) 56(c)(2)
6162(b)  
6163(a) 925, 926
6163(b)  
6164(a) 3779(a)
6164(b) 3779(b)
6164(c) 3779(c)
6164(d) 3779(d)
6164(e) 3779(e)
6164(f) 3779(f)
6164(g) 3779(g)
6164(h) 3779(h)
6164(i) 3781
6165 56(c)(2), 272(j), 822(a)(2), 871(h), 1012(i)
6201(a) 3640, 3647
6201(a)(1) 3612(f)
6201(a)(2)(A) 1809(b)(2), 2351(c)(2), 2651(c)(2), 3311
6201(a)(2)(B)  
6201(a)(3)  
6201(b) 59(d)
6201(c) 22(m)(4)
6201(d)  
6202 3644
6203 3641
6204 3642
6205(a)(1) 1401(c), 1411, 1501(c), 1521
6205(a)(2) 1411
6205(b) 1421, 1502, 1522
6206  
6211(a) 271(a), 870, 1011
6211(b)(1) 271(b)(1)
6211(b)(2) 271(b)(2)
6211(b)(3) 271(b)(3)
6212(a) 272(a), 871(a), 1012(a)
6212(b)(1) 272(k), 1012(j)
6212(b)(2) 272(a)
6212(b)(3) 901(d)
6212(c)(1) 272(f), 871(f), 1012(f)
6212(c)(2)  
6213(a) 272(a), 871(a), 1012(a)
6213(b)(1) 272(f), 871(f), 1012(f)
6213(b)(2) 3780(c)
6213(b)(3)  
6213(c) 272(c), 871(c), 1012(c)
6213(d) 272(d), 871(d), 1012(d)
6213(e)  
6214(a) 272(e), 871(e), 1012(e)
6214(b) 272(g), 1012(g)
6214(c) 272(h), 871(g), 1012(h)
6215(a) 272(b), 871(b), 1012(b)
6215(b)  
6216  
6301 3651(a)(1)
6302(a) 3652
6302(b) 1420(c), 1719, 2550(c), 2708, 3281, 3282
6302(c) 3310(f)(2)
6303(a) 3655(a)
6303(b)  
6304  
6311(a) 3656(a)(1), (b)(1)
6311(b)(1) 3656(a)(2)(A), (b)(2)
6311(b)(2) 3656(a)(2)(B)
6312(a) 3657
6312(b)  
6313 56(g), 1008(d), 1420(d), 1530(d), 1605(e), 3658
6314(a) 1008(e), 3659(a)
6314(b) 823
6314(c)  
6315 59(d)
6316  
6321 3670
6322 3671
6323(a) 3672(a)
6323(a)(1) 3672(a)(1)
6323(a)(2) 3672(a)(2)
6323(a)(3) 3672(a)(3)
6323(b)  
6323(c)  
6323(d)(1) 3672(b)(1)
6323(d)(2) 3672(b)(2)
6323(e)  
6324(a)(1) 827(a)
6324(a)(2) 827(b)
6324(a)(3) 827(c)
6324(b) 1009
6324(c)  
6325(a)(1) 827(a), 1009, 3673(a)
6325(a)(2) 3673(b)
6325(b)(1) 3674(a)
6325(b)(2) 3674(b)
6325(c) 3675
6325(d)  
6326  
6331(a) 3310, 3660, 3690, 3692, 3700
6331(b) 3690, 3692, 3700
6331(c) 3715
6331(d)  
6332(a) 3710(a)
6332(b) 3710(b)
6332(c) 3710(c)
6333 3711
6334(a) 3691(a)
6334(b) 3691(b)
6334(c) 3692
6335(a) 3693(a), 3701(a)
6335(b) 3693(b), 3701(b)
6335(c) 3712
6335(d) 3693(c), 3701(c)
6335(e)(1) 3695(a), 3701(d), (e)
6335(e)(2) 3695(b)
6335(e)(2)(A) 3695(a), 3701(d)
6335(e)(2)(B) 3701(d)
6335(e)(2)(C)  
6335(e)(2)(D) 3701(f)
6335(e)(2)(E) 3693, 3701
6335(e)(2)(F) 3693(d), 3701(f)
6335(e)(3) 3701(f)
6336  
6337(a) 3696, 3702
6337(b)(1) 3702(b)(1)
6337(b)(2) 3702(b)(2)
6337(c) 3702(c)
6338(a) 3703(b)
6338(b) 3704(b)
6338(c) 3703(a), 3704(a)
6339(a)(1) 3697(a)(1)
6339(a)(2) 3697(b)
6339(a)(3) 3697(c)
6339(a)(4) 3697(d)
6339(a)(5)  
6339(b)(1) 3704(c)(1)
6339(b)(2) 3704(c)(2)
6340(a) 3706(a), (b)
6340(b) 3706(f)
6341 3716
6342(a) 3694
6342(b) 3712
6343  
6344  
6401(a) 3770(a)(2)
6401(b) 322(a)(2)
6401(c) 3770(c)
6402(a) 1027(a), 3770(a)(1), (4), (5)
6402(b) 322(a)(3)
6403 321
6404(a) 3770(a)(1), (5)
6404(b) 273(j), 873, 1014
6404(c)  
6405(a) 3777(a)
6405(b) 3777(b)
6405(c) 3777(c)
6406 3790
6407 3770(a)(3)
6411(a) 3780(a)
6411(b) 3780(b)
6411(c) 3781
6412(a)  
6412(b)(1) 3412(g)(1)
6412(b)(2) 3412(g)(2)
6412(c)  
6412(d) 3508
6412(e)  
6413(a)(1) 1401(c), 1411, 1501(c), 1521
6413(a)(2) 1411
6413(b) 1421, 1502, 1522
6413(c)(1) 1401(d)(3)
6413(c)(2) 1401(d)(4)
6413(d) 1601(d)
6414 143(f), 1622(f)(1)
6415(a) 1854(a), 3471(a)
6415(b) 1715(d)(1), (2); 1854(b), (c); 3471(b), (c)
6415(c) 1715(d)(2)
6415(d) 1715(d)(1), 1854(c), 3471(c)
6416(a) 1715(d), 2407(b), 2452(b), 3443(a)(3)(B), (b), (d)
6416(b)(1) 2407(a), 3443(a)(2)
6416(b)(2)(A) 3443(a)(3)(A)(i)
6416(b)(2)(B) 3443(a)(3)(A)(ii)
6416(b)(2)(C) 3443(a)(3)(A)(iii)
6416(b)(2)(D) 2452(a)
6416(b)(2)(E) 3443(a)(3)(A)(iv)
6416(b)(2)(F) 3443(a)(3)(A)(v)
6416(b)(2)(G) 3443(a)(3)(A)(vi)
6416(b)(2)(H) 3443(a)(3)(A)(vii)
6416(b)(3) 3443(a)(1)
6416(c) 3403(e)
6416(d) 3408(b)
6416(e) 2705
6416(f) 2703(a), 3471(b)
6417(a) 2473
6417(b) 2474
6418(a) 3494(a)
6418(b) 3493(a)
6419 3286
6420  
6501(a) 275(a), 874(a), 1016(a), 1635(a), 3312(a)
6501(b)(1) 275(f)
6501(b)(2) 1635(e)
6501(b)(3)  
6501(c)(1) 276(a), 874(b)(1), 1016(b)(1), 1635(b), 3312(b)
6501(c)(2) 1635(c), 3312(c)
6501(c)(3) 276(a), 874(b)(1), 1016(b)(1), 1635(b), 3312(b)
6501(c)(4) 276(b)
6501(c)(5)  
6501(d) 275(b)
6501(e)(1)(A) 275(c)
6501(e)(1)(B) 275(d)(1)
6501(e)(2)  
6501(f)  
6501(g)  
6502(a) 276(c), 874(b)(2), 1016(b)(2), 1635(d), 3312(d)
6502(b) 3714(b)
6503(a)(1) 277, 875, 1017
6503(a)(2) 141(h)
6503(b) 274(b), 1015(b)
6503(c)  
6503(d) 822(a)(2), 871(h)
6503(e)  
6504  
6511(a) 322(b)(1), 910, 1027(b)(1), 1636(a)(1), 3313
6511(b)(1) 322(b)(1), 910, 1027(b)(1), 1636(a)(1), 3313
6511(b)(2) 322(b)(2), 910, 1027(b)(2), 1636(a)(2), 3313
6511(c) 322(b)(3)
6511(d)(1) 322(b)(5)
6511(d)(2)(A) 322(b)(6)
6511(d)(2)(B) 322(g)
6511(d)(3)  
6511(e)(1) 3494(b)
6511(e)(2) 3493(b)
6511(f)  
6512(a) 322(c), 911, 1027(c)
6512(b) 322(d), 912, 1027(d)
6513(a) 322(b)(4)
6513(b) 322(e)
6513(c) 1636(c)
6513(d)  
6514(a) 3774
6514(b) 3775
6515  
6521 3812
6531 3748(a)
6532(a)(1) 3772(a)(2)
6532(a)(2) 3774(b)
6532(a)(3)  
6532(a)(4) 3772(a)(3)
6532(b) 3746(a), (b), (c)
6533  
6601(a) 146(f), 292(a), (c), (d); 294(a)(1), (2), (b), (c); 295, 296, 297, 298, 890(a), (b), 891, 892, 893(a)(1), (2); (b)(1), (2), (3), (4); 925, 1020(a), (b), 1021, 1022, 1023(a)(1), (2); (b)(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), 1420(b), 1530(c), 1605(b), 1717, 1853(c), 2403(b), 2451(b), 2475, 2706, 3310(c), 3448(b), 3470, 3495, 3655(b), 3779(i), 3794
6601(b) 890(a), 925
6601(c)(1) 294(a)(2), 296, 893(a)(2), (b)(3); 1023(a)(2), (b)(3)
6601(c)(2) 56(b), 272(i), 1605(c)
6601(c)(3) 297, 892, 1022
6601(c)(4) 3310(a), (b), 3311
6601(d) 292(a), 891, 1021
6601(e) 292(c), 3779(i)
6601(f)(1) 292(a), 294(b), 295, 296, 298, 890(a), (b), 891, 893(a), (b), 1020(a), (b), 1021, 1023(a), (b), 1420(b), 1530(c), 1605(b), 1717, 1853(c), 2403(b), 2451(b), 2475, 2706, 3310(c), (d), 3448(b), 3470, 3495, 3655(b), 3779(i)
6601(f)(2)  
6601(f)(3)  
6601(g) 59(d)
6601(h)  
6602 3746(d)
6611(a) 3443(c), 3771(a)
6611(b)(1) 3771(b)(1)
6611(b)(2) 3771(b)(2)
6611(c) 3771(c)
6611(d) 322(b)(4), (e); 1636
6611(e) 3771(b)(2)
6611(f) 3771(e)
6611(g) 3790
6612  
6651(a) 291, 894(a), 1631, 3612(d)(1)
6651(b)  
6651(c) 294(d)(1)(A)
6652  
6653(a) 51(g)(6)(A), 293(a), 894(a) 1019(a)
6653(b) 51(g)(6)(B), 293(b), 871(i), 1019(b), 3612(d)(2)
6653(c)(1) 271, 870, 1011
6653(c)(2)  
6653(d)  
6653(e) 1821(a)(3)
6654 294(d)(1)(B)
6655  
6656  
6657  
6658 146(f)
6659 51(g)(6), 291, 293, 871(i), 1019, 1117(g), 1634(b), 1718(c), 1821(a)(3), 3310(a)–(e), 3311, 3655(a)(b)
6671(a) 1718(c), 1821(a)(3), 2557(b)(4), 2707(a)
6671(b) 1718(d), 1821(a)(4), 2557(b)(8), 2707(d)
6672 1718(c), 1821(a)(3), 2557(b)(4), 2707(a)
6673 1117(g)
6674 1634(b)
6801(a) 1809(b)(1), 2652(a), 3273(a), 3300(a), 3901(a)(2)
6801(b) 1809(b)(1), 3301(a)
6802(1) 1423(a), 1817(a)
6802(2) 1817(b)
6802(3) 1817(c)
6803(a)(1) 1423(b)
6803(a)(2) 1423(c)
6803(b)(1) 1818(a)
6803(b)(2) 1818(b)
6804 1815, 1920(c), 3301(a)
6805(a) 3304(a)
6805(b) 3304(b)
6805(c) 3304(c)
6805(d) 3304(d)
6806(a) 3273(b)
6806(b)  
6806(c) 3293
6807 3725
6808  
6851(a)(1) 146(a)(1)
6851(a)(2) 146(a)(2)
6851(b)  
6851(c) 146(d)
6851(d) 146(e)
6851(e) 146(b)
6861(a) 273(a), 872(a), 1013(a)
6861(b) 273(b), 872(b), 1013(b)
6861(c) 273(c), 872(c), 1013(c)
6861(d) 273(d), 872(d), 1013(d)
6861(e) 273(e), 872(e), 1013(e)
6861(f) 273(i), 872(i), 1013(i)
6861(g) 273(k), 872(j), 1013(j)
6861(h)  
6862(a) 3660(a)
6862(b)  
6863(a) 273(f), (h); 872(f), (h); 1013(f), (h); 3660(b)
6863(b)(1) 273(g), 872(g), 1013(g)
6863(b)(2) 273(f), (h); 872(f), (h); 1013(f), (h)
6864  
6871(a) 274(a), 1015(a)
6871(b) 274(a), 1015(a)
6872 274(a)
6873(a) 274(b), 1015(b)
6873(b)  
6901(a) 311(a), 900(a), 1025(a)
6901(b) 311(a), 900(a), 1025(a)
6901(c) 311(b), 900(b), 1025(b)
6901(d) 311(b)(4)
6901(e) 311(c), 1025(c)
6901(f) 311(d), 900(c), 1025(d)
6901(g) 311(e), 1025(g)
6901(h) 311(f), 900(e), 1025(f)
6901(i)  
6902(a) 1119(a)
6902(b) 1119(b)
6903(a) 312(a), 901(a), 1026(a)
6903(b) 312(c), 901(c), 1026(c)
6904  
7001(a) 150
7001(b)  
7011(a) 3270(a)
7011(b) 3280(a)
7012  
7101 44(d), 56(c)(2), 112(b)(6)(D), 131(c), 146(b), 272(j), 273(f), 822(a)(2), 871(h), 872(f), 926, 1012(i), 1013(f), 1145, 1818(a), 2302(e), 2322(e), 2352(e), 2474, 2569(b), 2653(d), 3360(d)(2)(B), 3412(d), 3413, 3660(b), 3722(c), 3724(c), 3943, 3992, 4010, and 6 U.S.C. 15
7102 3676
7103  
7121(a) 3760
7121(b) 3760
7122(a) 3761
7122(b) 3761
7123  
7201 145(a), (b), 153(d), 340, 894(b)(2)(B), (C); 937, 1024(a), (b); 1718(a), (b); 1821(a)(1), (2), (b)(4); 2557(b)(2), (b)(3); 2656(f), 2707(b), 2707(c), 3604(c)
7202 145(b), 894(b)(2)(C), 1718(b), 1821(a)(2), 2557(b)(3), 2707(c)
7203 145(a), 153(d), 340, 894(b)(2)(B), 937, 1024(a), 1718(a), 1821(a)(1), 2557(b)(2), 2707(b), 3604(c)
7204 1634(a)
7205 1626(d)
7206(1) 3809(a)
7206(2) 3793(b)
7206(3) 3793(a)
7206(4) 2656(a), 3321
7206(5) 3762
7207 894(b)(2), 3616(a), 3672, 3793(b)
7208 3300(b)
7208(1) 1425(b)
7208(2) 1823(a)
7208(3) 1822, 1823(b)
7208(4) 1823(c)
7208(5) 3323(a)(3)
7209 1425(a)
7210 3616(b)
7211 3325
7212(a) 3601(c)
7212(b) 3601(c)(2)
7213(a)(1) 55(f)(1)
7213(a)(2) 55(f)(2)
7213(a)(3) 55(f)(3)
7213(b) 4047(a)(1)
7213(c)  
7214(a) 4047(e)
7214(b) 4047
7214(c)  
7231 150
7232 3412(d)
7233(1) 1929(a)(1)
7233(2) 1929(a)(2)
7234(a) 2308(a)
7234(b) 2308(c)
7234(c) 2308(h)
7234(d)(1) 2308(i)(1)
7234(d)(2)(A) 2308(g)(1)
7234(d)(2)(B) 2308(g)(2)
7234(d)(3) 2308(i)(2)
7234(d)(4) 2308(d)
7235(a) 2326(a)
7235(b) 2326(b)
7235(c) 2326(c)
7235(d) 3207(b)
7235(e) 2327
7236 2357(b)
7237(a) 2557(b)(1), 2596, 3225, 3235
7237(b) 2557(a)
7238 2570
7239(a) 2656(b)
7239(b) 2656(d)
7240 3506
7261 2409
7262 3294(a)
7263(a) 1929(c)
7263(b) 1929(b)
7264 3207(a)
7265(a)(1) 2308(b)
7265(a)(2) 2326(a)(2)
7265(b) 2308(e), 2327(a)
7265(c) 2308(j), 2327(a)
7266(a)(1) 3211(a)
7266(a)(2) 3211(b)
7266(a)(3) 3211(c)
7266(b) 2357(a)
7266(c) 2357(c)
7266(d) 2357(d)
7266(e) 2357(e)
7266(f) 2357(f)
7267(a) 2656(j)
7267(b) 2656(k)
7267(c) 2656(i)
7267(d) 2656(h)
7268 3320(a)
7269 894(b)(1)
7270 1821(b)(3)
7271(1) 1822, 2656(c)
7271(2) 1820(b)
7271(3) 1820(a)
7271(4) 3323(a)(1), (2)
7272(a) 1831(c), 2656(g), 3475(e)
7272(b)  
7273(a) 3274
7273(b) 3294(b)
7274 2656
7275  
7301(a) 2558(a), (b); 2571, 2598(a), (b), (c); 3253, 3321(b)(1), 3720(a)(1)
7301(b) 3321(b)(1), 3720(a)(2)
7301(c) 2657(e), 3321(b)(1), 3720(a)(3)
7301(d) 3321(b)(2), 3322
7301(e) 3321(b)(3)
7302 3116
7303(1) 1823
7303(2) 2309(b), 2358(b)
7303(3) 2309(d)
7303(4) 2358(a)
7303(5) 2309(b), 2358(b)
7303(6)(A) 2657(c)
7303(6)(B) 2656(c), 2657(a)(b), (f)
7303(7) 3323(b)
7303(8) 3793(a)(2)
7304 3326
7321 3720(b)
7322 3721
7323(a) 3723(a)
7323(b) 3723(b)
7323(c) 3723(c)
7324 3722
7325 3724
7326  
7327 3726
7328 2657
7329  
7341(a) 3324(a)
7341(b) 3324(b)
7341(c) 3324(c)
7342 3601(b)
7343 145(d), 894(b)(2)(D), 1718(d), 1821(a)(4), 2557(b)(8), 2707(d), 3228, 3710(c), 3793(b)(2)
7344 4048
7401 3740
7402(a) 3800
7402(b) 3633
7402(c) 4042
7402(d) 3992, 3995(c)
7402(e)  
7403(a) 3678(a)
7403(b) 3678(b)
7403(c) 3678(c)
7403(d) 3678(d)
7404 826(a)
7405(a) 3746(a)
7405(b) 3746(b)
7405(c)  
7405(d)  
7406 3747
7407  
7421(a) 3653(a)
7421(b) 3653(b)
7422(a) 3772(a)(1)
7422(b) 3772(b)
7422(c) 3772(d)
7422(d) 3772(e)
7422(e)  
7422(f)  
7423(1) 3770(b)(1)
7423(2) 3770(b)(2)
7424(a)(1) 3679(a)(1)
7424(a)(2) 3679(a)(2)
7424(a)(3) 3679(a)(3)
7424(b) 3679(c)
7424(c) 3679(d)
7425  
7441 1100
7442 1101
7443(a) 1102(a)
7443(b) 1102(b)
7443(c) 1102(c)
7443(d) 1102(d)
7443(e) 1102(e)
7443(f) 1102(f)
7443(g) 1102(g)
7444(a) 1103(a)
7444(b) 1103(b)
7444(c) 1103(c)
7444(d) 1103(d)
7445 1104
7446 1105
7447(a) 1106(a)
7447(b) 1106(b)
7447(c) 1106(c)
7447(d) 1106(d)
7447(e) 1106(e)
7447(f) 1106(f)
7447(g) 1106(g)
7451 1110
7452 504(b), R.A. 1942
7453 1111
7454(a) 1112
7454(b)  
7455 1113
7456(a) 1114
7456(b)  
7456(c) 1114(b)
7457(a) 1115(a)
7457(b) 1115(b)
7458 1116
7459(a) 1117(a)
7459(b) 1117(b)
7459(c) 1117(c)
7459(d) 1117(d)
7459(e) 1117(e)
7459(f) 1117(f)
7459(g)  
7460(a) 1118(a)
7460(b) 1118(b)
7461 1120
7462 1121
7463  
7471(a) 1130(a)
7471(b) 1130(b)
7471(c)  
7472 1131
7473 1132
7474 1133
7481 1140
7482(a) 1141(a)
7482(b) 1141(b)
7482(c) 1141(c)
7483 1142
7484 1143
7485(a) 1145
7485(b)  
7486 1146
7487  
7491 2597
7492 1925(b)
7493 1930
7501(a) 3661
7501(b)  
7502  
7503  
7504  
7505(a) 3695(b)
7505(b) 3695(c)
7506(a) 3795(a)
7506(b) 3795(b)
7506(c) 3795(c)
7506(d) 3795(d)
7507(a) 3798(a)
7507(b) 3798(b)
7507(c) 3798(c)
7507(d) 3798(d)
7508(a) 3804(a)
7508(b) 3804(d)
7509 1424
7510 3331
7511 3802
7601(a) 3600
7601(b)  
7602 3614, 3615(a), (b), (c); 3632(a)(1)
7603 3615(d)
7604(a) 3633(a)
7604(b) 3615(e)
7604(c)  
7605(a) 3614, 3615
7605(b) 3631
7606(a) 3601(a)(1)
7606(b) 3601(a)(2)
7606(c)  
7607  
7621 3650
7622(a) 3632(a)
7622(b) 3632(b)
7623 3792
7641 2302(c), 2322(c), 2352(c), 2569(d)(4), 2653(b)
7651(2)(A) 3811
7652(a)(1) 3360(a)
7652(a)(2) 3360(b)
7652(a)(3) 3360(c)
7652(b)(1) 3350(a)
7652(b)(2) 3350(b)
7653(a)(1) 3361(a)
7653(a)(2) 3351(a)
7653(b) 3351(b), 3361(b)
7653(c) 3351(c), 3361(c)
7653(d)  
7654 2483
7655  
7701(a)(1) 1426(f), 1532(i), 1607(k), 1805, 1931(b), 2733(i), 3228(a), 3238(a), 3507(a), 3797(a)(1)
7701(a)(2) 3797(a)(2)
7701(a)(3) 3797(a)(3)
7701(a)(4) 3797(a)(4)
7701(a)(5) 3797(a)(5)
7701(a)(6) 3797(a)(6)
7701(a)(7) 3797(a)(7)
7701(a)(8) 3797(a)(8)
7701(a)(9) 3797(a)(9)
7701(a)(10) 3797(a)(10)
7701(a)(11) 3797(a)(11)
7701(a)(12)  
7701(a)(13) 3797(a)(12)
7701(a)(14) 3797(a)(14)
7701(a)(15) 3797(a)(15)
7701(a)(16) 3797(a)(16)
7701(a)(17) 3797(a)(17)
7701(a)(18) 3797(a)(18)
7701(a)(19) 3797(a)(19)
7701(a)(20) 3797(a)(20)
7701(a)(21)  
7701(a)(22)  
7701(a)(23) 48(a)
7701(a)(24) 48(b)
7701(a)(25) 48(c)
7701(a)(26) 48(d)
7701(a)(27)  
7701(a)(28)  
7701(b) 3797(b)
7701(c)(1) 3797(c)
7701(c)(2)  
7801(a) Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950
7801(b) 3930(a), 3931
7801(c) 3932
7802 3900
7803(a) 3920, 3921, 4000, 4041(a)
7803(b)(1) 4040
7803(b)(2) 3901(b)
7803(c) 3360(b)(2)(B), 3943, 3992, 4010
7803(d) 3975, 3976, 3977, 3978
7804(a) 616 R.A. 1951
7804(b) 3, P.L. 567 (82d Cong.)
7805(a) 62, 3791(a)
7805(b) 3791(b)
7805(c) 3901(a)(2)
7806(a) 2
7806(b) Ch. 1, Sec. 6, P.L. 1
7807(a)  
7807(b)  
7808 3970
7809(a) 2480, 3971(a)
7809(b) 3971(b)
7809(b)(1) 3971(b)(1)
7809(b)(2) 3971(b)(2)
7809(b)(3) 3971(b)(3)
7851(a) See 26 U.S.C. 3, 4
7851(b) See 26 U.S.C. 4(b)
7851(c) See 26 U.S.C. 4(c)
7851(d) See 26 U.S.C. 4(d)
7852(a) 3803
7852(b) See 26 U.S.C. 4(a), 5, 7
7852(c)  
7852(d) 108 R.A. 1941; 109 R.A. 1942; 136 R.A. 1943; 214 R.A. 1950; 615 R.A. 1951; See 22(b)(7)
8001 5000
8002 5001
8003 5002
8004 5003
8005 5004
8021 5010
8022 5011
8023 5012

An Act to revise the internal revenue laws of the United States

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That

(a) Citation

(1) The provisions of this Act set forth under the heading "Internal Revenue Title" may be cited as the "Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954]".

(2) The Internal Revenue Code enacted on February 10, 1939, as amended, may be cited as the "Internal Revenue Code of 1939".

(b) Publication

This Act shall be published as volume 68A of the United States Statutes at Large, with a comprehensive table of contents and an appendix; but without an index or marginal references. The date of enactment, bill number, public law number, and chapter number, shall be printed as a headnote.

(c) Cross reference

For saving provisions, effective date provisions, and other related provisions, see chapter 80 (sec. 7801 and following) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(d) Enactment of Internal Revenue Title into law

The Internal Revenue Title referred to in subsection (a)(1) is as follows: * * *.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 3; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)


Editorial Notes

Amendments

1986—Subsecs. (a)(1), (c). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Redesignation of Internal Revenue Code of 1954; References

Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(a) Redesignation of 1954 Code.—The Internal Revenue Title enacted August 16, 1954, as heretofore, hereby, or hereafter amended, may be cited as the 'Internal Revenue Code of 1986'.

"(b) References in Laws, Etc.—Except when inappropriate, any reference in any law, Executive order, or other document—

"(1) to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 shall include a reference to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and

"(2) to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall include a reference to the provisions of law formerly known as the Internal Revenue Code of 1954."

INTERNAL REVENUE TITLE

Subtitle
A.
Income taxes.
B.
Estate and gift taxes.
C.
Employment taxes.
D.
Miscellaneous excise taxes.
E.
Alcohol, tobacco, and certain other excise taxes.
F.
Procedure and administration.
G.
The Joint Committee on Taxation.
H.
Financing of Presidential election campaigns.
I.
Trust Fund Code.
J.
Coal industry health benefits.1

        

K.
Group health plan requirements.

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1997—Pub. L. 105–34, title XV, §1531(b)(3), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1085, added subtitle K heading "Group health plan requirements" and struck out former subtitle K heading "Group health plan portability, access, and renewability requirements".

1996—Pub. L. 104–191, title IV, §401(b), Aug. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2082, added subtitle K heading "Group health plan portability, access, and renewability requirements".

1982—Pub. L. 97–248, title III, §§307(b)(2), 308(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 590, 591, provided that, applicable to payments of interest, dividends, and patronage dividends paid or credited after June 30, 1983, subtitle C heading is amended to read "Employment taxes and collection of income tax at source". Section 102(a), (b) of Pub. L. 98–67, title I, Aug. 5, 1983, 97 Stat. 369, repealed subtitle A (§§301–308) of title III of Pub. L. 97–248 as of the close of June 30, 1983, and provided that the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] [this title] shall be applied and administered (subject to certain exceptions) as if such subtitle A (and the amendments made by such subtitle A) had not been enacted.

1981—Pub. L. 97–119, title I, §103(c)(2), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1638, added subtitle I heading "Trust Fund Code".

1976—Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1907(b)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1836, substituted in subtitle G heading "The Joint Committee on Taxation" for "The Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation".

1974—Pub. L. 93–443, title IV, §408(a), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1297, added subtitle H heading "Financing of Presidential election campaigns".

Table of Contents

This Table of Contents is inserted for the convenience of users and was not enacted as part of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

Subtitle A—Income Taxes

Chapter
Sec.
1.
Normal taxes and surtaxes
1
2.
Tax on self-employment income
1401
2A.
Unearned income Medicare contribution
1411
3.
Withholding of tax on nonresident aliens and foreign corporations
1441
4.
Taxes to enforce reporting on certain foreign accounts
1471
[5.
Repealed.]
6.
Consolidated returns
1501

        

Subtitle B—Estate and Gift Taxes

11.
Estate tax
2001
12.
Gift tax
2501
13.
Tax on generation-skipping transfers
2601
14.
Special valuation rules
2701
15.
Gifts and bequests from expatriates
2801

        

Subtitle C—Employment Taxes

21.
Federal insurance contributions act
3101
22.
Railroad retirement tax act
3201
23.
Federal unemployment tax act
3301
23A.
Railroad unemployment repayment tax
3321
24.
Collection of income tax at source on wages
3401
25.
General provisions relating to employment taxes
3501

        

Subtitle D—Miscellaneous Excise Taxes

31.
Retail excise taxes
4001
32.
Manufacturers excise taxes
4061
33.
Facilities and services
4231
34.
Taxes on certain insurance policies
4371
35.
Taxes on wagering
4401
36.
Certain other excise taxes
4461
37.
Repurchase of corporate stock
4501
38.
Environmental taxes
4611
39.
Registration-required obligations
4701
40.
General provisions relating to occupational taxes
4901
41.
Public charities
4911
42.
Private foundations; and certain other tax-exempt organizations
4940
43.
Qualified pension, etc., plans
4971
44.
Qualified investment entities
4981
45.
Provisions relating to expatriated entities
4985
46.
Golden parachute payments
4999
47.
Certain group health plans
5000
48.
Maintenance of minimum essential coverage
5000A
49.
Cosmetic services
5000B
50.
Foreign procurement
5000C
50A.
Designated drugs
5000D

        

Subtitle E—Alcohol, Tobacco, and Certain Other Excise Taxes

51.
Distilled spirits, wines, and beer
5001
52.
Tobacco products and cigarette papers and tubes
5701
53.
Machine guns, destructive devices, and certain other firearms
5801
54.
Greenmail
5881
55.
Structured settlement factoring transactions
5891

        

Subtitle F—Procedure and Administration

61.
Information and returns
6001
62.
Time and place for paying tax
6151
63.
Assessment
6201
64.
Collection
6301
65.
Abatements, credits, and refunds
6401
66.
Limitations
6501
67.
Interest
6601
68.
Additions to the tax, additional amounts, and assessable penalties
6651
69.
General provisions relating to stamps
6801
70.
Jeopardy, receiverships, etc.
6851
71.
Transferees and fiduciaries
6901
72.
Licensing and registration
7001
73.
Bonds
7101
74.
Closing agreements and compromises
7121
75.
Crimes, other offenses, and forfeitures
7201
76.
Judicial proceedings
7401
77.
Miscellaneous provisions
7501
78.
Discovery of liability and enforcement of title
7601
79.
Definitions
7701
80.
General Rules
7801

        

Subtitle G—The Joint Committee on Taxation

91.
Organization and membership of the Joint Committee
8001
92.
Powers and duties of the Joint Committee
8021

        

Subtitle H—Financing of Presidential Election Campaigns

95.
Presidential election campaign fund
9001
96.
Presidential primary matching payment account
9031

        

Subtitle I—Trust Fund Code

98.
Trust Fund Code
9501

        

Subtitle J—Coal Industry Health Benefits

99.
Coal industry health benefits
9701

        

Subtitle K—Group Health Plan Requirements

100.
Group health plan requirements
9801

        

1 Editorially supplied. Subtitle J added by Pub. L. 102–486 without corresponding amendment of title analysis.

Subtitle A—Income Taxes

Chapter
1.
Normal taxes and surtaxes.
2.
Tax on self-employment income.
2A.
Unearned income Medicare contribution.
3.
Withholding of tax on nonresident aliens and foreign corporations.
4.
Taxes to enforce reporting on certain foreign accounts.
[5.
Repealed.]
6.
Consolidated returns.

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2010—Pub. L. 111–152, title I, §1402(a)(3), Mar. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 1062, which directed amendment of the "table of chapters for subtitle A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986" by adding item for chapter 2A, was executed by adding item for chapter 2A to the table of chapters for this subtitle to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 111–147, title V, §501(c)(8), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 106, which directed amendment of the "table of chapters of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986" by adding item for chapter 4 "at the end", was executed by adding item for chapter 4 after item for chapter 3 in the table of chapters for this subtitle to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1997—Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, §1131(c)(4), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 980, struck out item for chapter 5 "Tax on transfers to avoid income tax".

1990—Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11801(b)(11), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–522, struck out item for chapter 4 "Rules applicable to recovery of excessive profits on government contracts".

1984—Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §474(r)(29)(D), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 844, struck out "and tax-free covenant bonds" at end of item for chapter 3.

CHAPTER 1—NORMAL TAXES AND SURTAXES

Subchapter
Sec.1
A.
Determination of tax liability
1

        

B.
Computation of taxable income
61
C.
Corporate distributions and adjustments
301
D.
Deferred compensation, etc.
401
E.
Accounting periods and methods of accounting
441
F.
Exempt organizations
501
G.
Corporations used to avoid income tax on shareholders
531
H.
Banking institutions
581
I.
Natural resources
611
J.
Estates, trusts, beneficiaries, and decedents
641
K.
Partners and partnerships
701
L.
Insurance companies
801
M.
Regulated investment companies and real estate investment trusts
851
N.
Tax based on income from sources within or without the United States
861
O.
Gain or loss on disposition of property
1001
P.
Capital gains and losses
1201
Q.
Readjustment of tax between years and special limitations
1301
R.
Election to determine corporate tax on certain international shipping activities using per ton rate
1352
S.
Tax treatment of S corporations and their shareholders
1361
T.
Cooperatives and their patrons
1381
U.
Designation and treatment of empowerment zones, enterprise communities, and rural development investment areas
1391
V.
Title 11 cases
1398
[W to Y.
Repealed.]
Z.
Opportunity zones
1400Z–1

        


Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, §401(a)(1), (d)(4)(A), (5)(A), (6)(A), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1184, 1209-1211, transferred subchapter R to follow subchapter Q and struck out subchapter W "District of Columbia Enterprise Zone", subchapter X "Renewal Communities", and subchapter Y "Short-Term Regional Benefits".

2017—Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §13823(c), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2188, added subchapter Z.

2005—Pub. L. 109–135, title I, §101(b)(4), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2593, substituted "Short-Term Regional Benefits" for "New York Liberty Zone Benefits" in subchapter Y.

2004—Pub. L. 108–357, title II, §248(b)(2), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1457, added subchapter R.

2002—Pub. L. 107–147, title III, §301(c), Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 40, added subchapter Y.

2000—Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §101(d)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-600, added subchapter X.

1997—Pub. L. 105–34, title VII, §701(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 869, added subchapter W.

1993—Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13301(b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 555, added subchapter U.

1986—Pub. L. 99–514, title XIII, §1303(c)(1), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2658, struck out subchapter U "General stock ownership plans".

1982—Pub. L. 97–354, §5(b), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1697, substituted in subchapter S "Tax treatment of S corporations and their shareholders" for "Election of certain small business corporations as to taxable status".

1980—Pub. L. 96–589, §3(a)(2), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3400, added subchapter V.

1978—Pub. L. 95–600, title VI, §601(c)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2897, added subchapter U.

1966—Pub. L. 89–389, §4(b)(2), Apr. 14, 1966, 80 Stat. 116, struck out subchapter R effective January 1, 1969.

1962—Pub. L. 87–834, §17(b)(4), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1051, added subchapter T.

1960—Pub. L. 86–779, §10(c), Sept. 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 1009, added to subchapter M heading "and real estate investment trusts".

1958—Pub. L. 85–866, title I, §64(d)(1), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1656, added subchapter S.

1 Section numbers editorially supplied.

Subchapter A—Determination of Tax Liability

Part
I.
Tax on individuals.
II.
Tax on corporations.
III.
Changes in rates during a taxable year.
IV.
Credits against tax.
[V.
Repealed.]
VI.
Minimum tax for tax preferences.1

        

VII.
Base erosion and anti-abuse tax 2

        

[VIII.
Repealed.]

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2017—Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §14401(d)(1), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2233, added part VII.

2014—Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §221(a)(12)(A), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4038, struck out part VII "Environmental tax".

1989—Pub. L. 101–234, title I, §102(a), Dec. 13, 1989, 103 Stat. 1980, repealed Pub. L. 100–360, §111, and provided that the provisions of law amended by such section are restored or revived as if such section had not been enacted, see 1988 Amendment note below.

1988—Pub. L. 100–360, title I, §111(c), July 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 697, added part VIII "Supplemental medicare premium".

1986—Pub. L. 99–499, title V, §516(b)(5), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1771, added part VII.

1976—Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1901(b)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1792, struck out part V "Tax surcharge".

1969—Pub. L. 91–172, title III, §301(b)(1), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 585, added part VI.

1968—Pub. L. 90–364, title I, §102(d), June 28, 1968, 82 Stat. 259, added part V.

1 Part heading amended by Pub. L. 99–514 without corresponding amendment of analysis.

2 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.

PART I—TAX ON INDIVIDUALS

Sec.
1.
Tax imposed.
2.
Definitions and special rules.
3.
Tax tables for individuals having taxable income of less than $20,000.1

        

[4.
Repealed.]
5.
Cross references relating to tax on individuals.

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–455, title V, §501(c)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1559, substituted "Tax tables for individuals having taxable income of less than $20,000" for "Optional tax tables for individuals" in item 3 and struck out item 4 relating to rules for optional tax.

1969—Pub. L. 91–172, title VIII, §803(d)(9), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 685, substituted "Definitions and special rules" and "Optional tax tables for individuals" for "Tax in case of joint return or return of surviving spouse" and "Optional tax if adjusted gross income is less than $5,000" in items 2 and 3, respectively.

1 Section catchline amended by Pub. L. 95–30 without corresponding amendment of analysis.

§1. Tax imposed

(a) Married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses

There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of—

(1) every married individual (as defined in section 7703) who makes a single return jointly with his spouse under section 6013, and

(2) every surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)),


a tax determined in accordance with the following table:

 
If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $36,900 15% of taxable income.
Over $36,900 but not over $89,150 $5,535, plus 28% of the excess over $36,900.
Over $89,150 but not over $140,000 $20,165, plus 31% of the excess over $89,150.
Over $140,000 but not over $250,000 $35,928.50, plus 36% of the excess over $140,000.
Over $250,000 $75,528.50, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000.

(b) Heads of households

There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every head of a household (as defined in section 2(b)) a tax determined in accordance with the following table:

 
If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $29,600 15% of taxable income.
Over $29,600 but not over $76,400 $4,440, plus 28% of the excess over $29,600.
Over $76,400 but not over $127,500 $17,544, plus 31% of the excess over $76,400.
Over $127,500 but not over $250,000 $33,385, plus 36% of the excess over $127,500.
Over $250,000 $77,485, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000.

(c) Unmarried individuals (other than surviving spouses and heads of households)

There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every individual (other than a surviving spouse as defined in section 2(a) or the head of a household as defined in section 2(b)) who is not a married individual (as defined in section 7703) a tax determined in accordance with the following table:

 
If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $22,100 15% of taxable income.
Over $22,100 but not over $53,500 $3,315, plus 28% of the excess over $22,100.
Over $53,500 but not over $115,000 $12,107, plus 31% of the excess over $53,500.
Over $115,000 but not over $250,000 $31,172, plus 36% of the excess over $115,000.
Over $250,000 $79,772, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000.

(d) Married individuals filing separate returns

There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every married individual (as defined in section 7703) who does not make a single return jointly with his spouse under section 6013, a tax determined in accordance with the following table:

 
If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $18,450 15% of taxable income.
Over $18,450 but not over $44,575 $2,767.50, plus 28% of the excess over $18,450.
Over $44,575 but not over $70,000 $10,082.50, plus 31% of the excess over $44,575.
Over $70,000 but not over $125,000 $17,964.25, plus 36% of the excess over $70,000.
Over $125,000 $37,764.25, plus 39.6% of the excess over $125,000.

(e) Estates and trusts

There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of—

(1) every estate, and

(2) every trust,


taxable under this subsection a tax determined in accordance with the following table:

 
If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $1,500 15% of taxable income.
Over $1,500 but not over $3,500 $225, plus 28% of the excess over $1,500.
Over $3,500 but not over $5,500 $785, plus 31% of the excess over $3,500.
Over $5,500 but not over $7,500 $1,405, plus 36% of the excess over $5,500.
Over $7,500 $2,125, plus 39.6% of the excess over $7,500.

(f) Phaseout of marriage penalty in 15-percent bracket; adjustments in tax tables so that inflation will not result in tax increases

(1) In general

Not later than December 15 of 1993, and each subsequent calendar year, the Secretary shall prescribe tables which shall apply in lieu of the tables contained in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) with respect to taxable years beginning in the succeeding calendar year.

(2) Method of prescribing tables

The table which under paragraph (1) is to apply in lieu of the table contained in subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e), as the case may be, with respect to taxable years beginning in any calendar year shall be prescribed—

(A) except as provided in paragraph (8), by increasing the minimum and maximum dollar amounts for each bracket for which a tax is imposed under such table by the cost-of-living adjustment for such calendar year, determined—

(i) except as provided in clause (ii), by substituting "1992" for "2016" in paragraph (3)(A)(ii), and

(ii) in the case of adjustments to the dollar amounts at which the 36 percent rate bracket begins or at which the 39.6 percent rate bracket begins, by substituting "1993" for "2016" in paragraph (3)(A)(ii),


(B) by not changing the rate applicable to any rate bracket as adjusted under subparagraph (A), and

(C) by adjusting the amounts setting forth the tax to the extent necessary to reflect the adjustments in the rate brackets.

(3) Cost-of-living adjustment

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) In general

The cost-of-living adjustment for any calendar year is the percentage (if any) by which—

(i) the C-CPI-U for the preceding calendar year, exceeds

(ii) the CPI for calendar year 2016, multiplied by the amount determined under subparagraph (B).

(B) Amount determined

The amount determined under this clause is the amount obtained by dividing—

(i) the C-CPI-U for calendar year 2016, by

(ii) the CPI for calendar year 2016.

(C) Special rule for adjustments with a base year after 2016

For purposes of any provision of this title which provides for the substitution of a year after 2016 for "2016" in subparagraph (A)(ii), subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting "the C-CPI-U for calendar year 2016" for "the CPI for calendar year 2016" and all that follows in clause (ii) thereof.

(4) CPI for any calendar year

For purposes of paragraph (3), the CPI for any calendar year is the average of the Consumer Price Index as of the close of the 12-month period ending on August 31 of such calendar year.

(5) Consumer Price Index

For purposes of paragraph (4), the term "Consumer Price Index" means the last Consumer Price Index for all-urban consumers published by the Department of Labor. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the revision of the Consumer Price Index which is most consistent with the Consumer Price Index for calendar year 1986 shall be used.

(6) C-CPI-U

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) In general

The term "C-CPI-U" means the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor). The values of the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers taken into account for purposes of determining the cost-of-living adjustment for any calendar year under this subsection shall be the latest values so published as of the date on which such Bureau publishes the initial value of the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers for the month of August for the preceding calendar year.

(B) Determination for calendar year

The C-CPI-U for any calendar year is the average of the C-CPI-U as of the close of the 12-month period ending on August 31 of such calendar year.

(7) Rounding

(A) In general

If any increase determined under paragraph (2)(A), section 63(c)(4), section 68(b)(2) or section 151(d)(4) is not a multiple of $50, such increase shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $50.

(B) Table for married individuals filing separately

In the case of a married individual filing a separate return, subparagraph (A) (other than with respect to sections 63(c)(4) and 151(d)(4)(A)) shall be applied by substituting "$25" for "$50" each place it appears.

(8) Elimination of marriage penalty in 15-percent bracket

With respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2003, in prescribing the tables under paragraph (1)—

(A) the maximum taxable income in the 15-percent rate bracket in the table contained in subsection (a) (and the minimum taxable income in the next higher taxable income bracket in such table) shall be 200 percent of the maximum taxable income in the 15-percent rate bracket in the table contained in subsection (c) (after any other adjustment under this subsection), and

(B) the comparable taxable income amounts in the table contained in subsection (d) shall be ½ of the amounts determined under subparagraph (A).

(g) Certain unearned income of children taxed as if parent's income

(1) In general

In the case of any child to whom this subsection applies, the tax imposed by this section shall be equal to the greater of—

(A) the tax imposed by this section without regard to this subsection, or

(B) the sum of—

(i) the tax which would be imposed by this section if the taxable income of such child for the taxable year were reduced by the net unearned income of such child, plus

(ii) such child's share of the allocable parental tax.

(2) Child to whom subsection applies

This subsection shall apply to any child for any taxable year if—

(A) such child—

(i) has not attained age 18 before the close of the taxable year, or

(ii)(I) has attained age 18 before the close of the taxable year and meets the age requirements of section 152(c)(3) (determined without regard to subparagraph (B) thereof), and

(II) whose earned income (as defined in section 911(d)(2)) for such taxable year does not exceed one-half of the amount of the individual's support (within the meaning of section 152(c)(1)(D) after the application of section 152(f)(5) (without regard to subparagraph (A) thereof)) for such taxable year,


(B) either parent of such child is alive at the close of the taxable year, and

(C) such child does not file a joint return for the taxable year.

(3) Allocable parental tax

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) In general

The term "allocable parental tax" means the excess of—

(i) the tax which would be imposed by this section on the parent's taxable income if such income included the net unearned income of all children of the parent to whom this subsection applies, over

(ii) the tax imposed by this section on the parent without regard to this subsection.


For purposes of clause (i), net unearned income of all children of the parent shall not be taken into account in computing any exclusion, deduction, or credit of the parent.

(B) Child's share

A child's share of any allocable parental tax of a parent shall be equal to an amount which bears the same ratio to the total allocable parental tax as the child's net unearned income bears to the aggregate net unearned income of all children of such parent to whom this subsection applies.

(C) Special rule where parent has different taxable year

Except as provided in regulations, if the parent does not have the same taxable year as the child, the allocable parental tax shall be determined on the basis of the taxable year of the parent ending in the child's taxable year.

(4) Net unearned income

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) In general

The term "net unearned income" means the excess of—

(i) the portion of the adjusted gross income for the taxable year which is not attributable to earned income (as defined in section 911(d)(2)), over

(ii) the sum of—

(I) the amount in effect for the taxable year under section 63(c)(5)(A) (relating to limitation on standard deduction in the case of certain dependents), plus

(II) the greater of the amount described in subclause (I) or, if the child itemizes his deductions for the taxable year, the amount of the itemized deductions allowed by this chapter for the taxable year which are directly connected with the production of the portion of adjusted gross income referred to in clause (i).

(B) Limitation based on taxable income

The amount of the net unearned income for any taxable year shall not exceed the individual's taxable income for such taxable year.

(C) Treatment of distributions from qualified disability trusts

For purposes of this subsection, in the case of any child who is a beneficiary of a qualified disability trust (as defined in section 642(b)(2)(C)(ii)), any amount included in the income of such child under sections 652 and 662 during a taxable year shall be considered earned income of such child for such taxable year.

(5) Special rules for determining parent to whom subsection applies

For purposes of this subsection, the parent whose taxable income shall be taken into account shall be—

(A) in the case of parents who are not married (within the meaning of section 7703), the custodial parent (within the meaning of section 152(e)) of the child, and

(B) in the case of married individuals filing separately, the individual with the greater taxable income.

(6) Providing of parent's TIN

The parent of any child to whom this subsection applies for any taxable year shall provide the TIN of such parent to such child and such child shall include such TIN on the child's return of tax imposed by this section for such taxable year.

(7) Election to claim certain unearned income of child on parent's return

(A) In general

If—

(i) any child to whom this subsection applies has gross income for the taxable year only from interest and dividends (including Alaska Permanent Fund dividends),

(ii) such gross income is more than the amount described in paragraph (4)(A)(ii)(I) and less than 10 times the amount so described,

(iii) no estimated tax payments for such year are made in the name and TIN of such child, and no amount has been deducted and withheld under section 3406, and

(iv) the parent of such child (as determined under paragraph (5)) elects the application of subparagraph (B),


such child shall be treated (other than for purposes of this paragraph) as having no gross income for such year and shall not be required to file a return under section 6012.

(B) Income included on parent's return

In the case of a parent making the election under this paragraph—

(i) the gross income of each child to whom such election applies (to the extent the gross income of such child exceeds twice the amount described in paragraph (4)(A)(ii)(I)) shall be included in such parent's gross income for the taxable year,

(ii) the tax imposed by this section for such year with respect to such parent shall be the amount equal to the sum of—

(I) the amount determined under this section after the application of clause (i), plus

(II) for each such child, 10 percent of the lesser of the amount described in paragraph (4)(A)(ii)(I) or the excess of the gross income of such child over the amount so described, and


(iii) any interest which is an item of tax preference under section 57(a)(5) of the child shall be treated as an item of tax preference of such parent (and not of such child).

(C) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this paragraph.

(h) Maximum capital gains rate

(1) In general

If a taxpayer has a net capital gain for any taxable year, the tax imposed by this section for such taxable year shall not exceed the sum of—

(A) a tax computed at the rates and in the same manner as if this subsection had not been enacted on the greater of—

(i) taxable income reduced by the net capital gain; or

(ii) the lesser of—

(I) the amount of taxable income taxed at a rate below 25 percent; or

(II) taxable income reduced by the adjusted net capital gain;


(B) 0 percent of so much of the adjusted net capital gain (or, if less, taxable income) as does not exceed the excess (if any) of—

(i) the amount of taxable income which would (without regard to this paragraph) be taxed at a rate below 25 percent, over

(ii) the taxable income reduced by the adjusted net capital gain;


(C) 15 percent of the lesser of—

(i) so much of the adjusted net capital gain (or, if less, taxable income) as exceeds the amount on which a tax is determined under subparagraph (B), or

(ii) the excess of—

(I) the amount of taxable income which would (without regard to this paragraph) be taxed at a rate below 39.6 percent, over

(II) the sum of the amounts on which a tax is determined under subparagraphs (A) and (B),


(D) 20 percent of the adjusted net capital gain (or, if less, taxable income) in excess of the sum of the amounts on which tax is determined under subparagraphs (B) and (C),

(E) 25 percent of the excess (if any) of—

(i) the unrecaptured section 1250 gain (or, if less, the net capital gain (determined without regard to paragraph (11))), over

(ii) the excess (if any) of—

(I) the sum of the amount on which tax is determined under subparagraph (A) plus the net capital gain, over

(II) taxable income; and


(F) 28 percent of the amount of taxable income in excess of the sum of the amounts on which tax is determined under the preceding subparagraphs of this paragraph.

(2) Net capital gain taken into account as investment income

For purposes of this subsection, the net capital gain for any taxable year shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount which the taxpayer takes into account as investment income under section 163(d)(4)(B)(iii).

(3) Adjusted net capital gain

For purposes of this subsection, the term "adjusted net capital gain" means the sum of—

(A) net capital gain (determined without regard to paragraph (11)) reduced (but not below zero) by the sum of—

(i) unrecaptured section 1250 gain, and

(ii) 28-percent rate gain, plus


(B) qualified dividend income (as defined in paragraph (11)).

(4) 28-percent rate gain

For purposes of this subsection, the term "28-percent rate gain" means the excess (if any) of—

(A) the sum of—

(i) collectibles gain; and

(ii) section 1202 gain, over


(B) the sum of—

(i) collectibles loss;

(ii) the net short-term capital loss; and

(iii) the amount of long-term capital loss carried under section 1212(b)(1)(B) to the taxable year.

(5) Collectibles gain and loss

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) In general

The terms "collectibles gain" and "collectibles loss" mean gain or loss (respectively) from the sale or exchange of a collectible (as defined in section 408(m) without regard to paragraph (3) thereof) which is a capital asset held for more than 1 year but only to the extent such gain is taken into account in computing gross income and such loss is taken into account in computing taxable income.

(B) Partnerships, etc.

For purposes of subparagraph (A), any gain from the sale of an interest in a partnership, S corporation, or trust which is attributable to unrealized appreciation in the value of collectibles shall be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of a collectible. Rules similar to the rules of section 751 shall apply for purposes of the preceding sentence.

(6) Unrecaptured section 1250 gain

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) In general

The term "unrecaptured section 1250 gain" means the excess (if any) of—

(i) the amount of long-term capital gain (not otherwise treated as ordinary income) which would be treated as ordinary income if section 1250(b)(1) included all depreciation and the applicable percentage under section 1250(a) were 100 percent, over

(ii) the excess (if any) of—

(I) the amount described in paragraph (4)(B); over

(II) the amount described in paragraph (4)(A).

(B) Limitation with respect to section 1231 property

The amount described in subparagraph (A)(i) from sales, exchanges, and conversions described in section 1231(a)(3)(A) for any taxable year shall not exceed the net section 1231 gain (as defined in section 1231(c)(3)) for such year.

(7) Section 1202 gain

For purposes of this subsection, the term "section 1202 gain" means the excess of—

(A) the gain which would be excluded from gross income under section 1202 but for the percentage limitation in section 1202(a), over

(B) the gain excluded from gross income under section 1202.

(8) Coordination with recapture of net ordinary losses under section 1231

If any amount is treated as ordinary income under section 1231(c), such amount shall be allocated among the separate categories of net section 1231 gain (as defined in section 1231(c)(3)) in such manner as the Secretary may by forms or regulations prescribe.

(9) Regulations

The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as are appropriate (including regulations requiring reporting) to apply this subsection in the case of sales and exchanges by pass-thru entities and of interests in such entities.

(10) Pass-thru entity defined

For purposes of this subsection, the term "pass-thru entity" means—

(A) a regulated investment company;

(B) a real estate investment trust;

(C) an S corporation;

(D) a partnership;

(E) an estate or trust;

(F) a common trust fund; and

(G) a qualified electing fund (as defined in section 1295).

(11) Dividends taxed as net capital gain

(A) In general

For purposes of this subsection, the term "net capital gain" means net capital gain (determined without regard to this paragraph) increased by qualified dividend income.

(B) Qualified dividend income

For purposes of this paragraph—

(i) In general

The term "qualified dividend income" means dividends received during the taxable year from—

(I) domestic corporations, and

(II) qualified foreign corporations.

(ii) Certain dividends excluded

Such term shall not include—

(I) any dividend from a corporation which for the taxable year of the corporation in which the distribution is made, or the preceding taxable year, is a corporation exempt from tax under section 501 or 521,

(II) any amount allowed as a deduction under section 591 (relating to deduction for dividends paid by mutual savings banks, etc.), and

(III) any dividend described in section 404(k).

(iii) Coordination with section 246(c)

Such term shall not include any dividend on any share of stock—

(I) with respect to which the holding period requirements of section 246(c) are not met (determined by substituting in section 246(c) "60 days" for "45 days" each place it appears and by substituting "121-day period" for "91-day period"), or

(II) to the extent that the taxpayer is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property.

(C) Qualified foreign corporations

(i) In general

Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the term "qualified foreign corporation" means any foreign corporation if—

(I) such corporation is incorporated in a possession of the United States, or

(II) such corporation is eligible for benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States which the Secretary determines is satisfactory for purposes of this paragraph and which includes an exchange of information program.

(ii) Dividends on stock readily tradable on United States securities market

A foreign corporation not otherwise treated as a qualified foreign corporation under clause (i) shall be so treated with respect to any dividend paid by such corporation if the stock with respect to which such dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States.

(iii) Exclusion of dividends of certain foreign corporations

Such term shall not include—

(I) any foreign corporation which for the taxable year of the corporation in which the dividend was paid, or the preceding taxable year, is a passive foreign investment company (as defined in section 1297), and

(II) any corporation which first becomes a surrogate foreign corporation (as defined in section 7874(a)(2)(B)) after the date of the enactment of this subclause, other than a foreign corporation which is treated as a domestic corporation under section 7874(b).

(iv) Coordination with foreign tax credit limitation

Rules similar to the rules of section 904(b)(2)(B) shall apply with respect to the dividend rate differential under this paragraph.

(D) Special rules

(i) Amounts taken into account as investment income

Qualified dividend income shall not include any amount which the taxpayer takes into account as investment income under section 163(d)(4)(B).

(ii) Extraordinary dividends

If a taxpayer to whom this section applies receives, with respect to any share of stock, qualified dividend income from 1 or more dividends which are extraordinary dividends (within the meaning of section 1059(c)), any loss on the sale or exchange of such share shall, to the extent of such dividends, be treated as long-term capital loss.

(iii) Treatment of dividends from regulated investment companies and real estate investment trusts

A dividend received from a regulated investment company or a real estate investment trust shall be subject to the limitations prescribed in sections 854 and 857.

(i) Rate reductions after 2000

(1) 10-percent rate bracket

(A) In general

In the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000—

(i) the rate of tax under subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) on taxable income not over the initial bracket amount shall be 10 percent, and

(ii) the 15 percent rate of tax shall apply only to taxable income over the initial bracket amount but not over the maximum dollar amount for the 15-percent rate bracket.

(B) Initial bracket amount

For purposes of this paragraph, the initial bracket amount is—

(i) $14,000 in the case of subsection (a),

(ii) $10,000 in the case of subsection (b), and

(iii) ½ the amount applicable under clause (i) (after adjustment, if any, under subparagraph (C)) in the case of subsections (c) and (d).

(C) Inflation adjustment

In prescribing the tables under subsection (f) which apply with respect to taxable years beginning in calendar years after 2003—

(i) the cost-of-living adjustment shall be determined under subsection (f)(3) by substituting "2002" for "2016" in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof, and

(ii) the adjustments under clause (i) shall not apply to the amount referred to in subparagraph (B)(iii).


If any amount after adjustment under the preceding sentence is not a multiple of $50, such amount shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $50.

(2) 25-, 28-, and 33-percent rate brackets

The tables under subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) shall be applied—

(A) by substituting "25%" for "28%" each place it appears (before the application of subparagraph (B)),

(B) by substituting "28%" for "31%" each place it appears, and

(C) by substituting "33%" for "36%" each place it appears.

(3) Modifications to income tax brackets for high-income taxpayers

(A) 35-percent rate bracket

In the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012—

(i) the rate of tax under subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) on a taxpayer's taxable income in the highest rate bracket shall be 35 percent to the extent such income does not exceed an amount equal to the excess of—

(I) the applicable threshold, over

(II) the dollar amount at which such bracket begins, and


(ii) the 39.6 percent rate of tax under such subsections shall apply only to the taxpayer's taxable income in such bracket in excess of the amount to which clause (i) applies.

(B) Applicable threshold

For purposes of this paragraph, the term "applicable threshold" means—

(i) $450,000 in the case of subsection (a),

(ii) $425,000 in the case of subsection (b),

(iii) $400,000 in the case of subsection (c), and

(iv) ½ the amount applicable under clause (i) (after adjustment, if any, under subparagraph (C)) in the case of subsection (d).

(C) Inflation adjustment

For purposes of this paragraph, with respect to taxable years beginning in calendar years after 2013, each of the dollar amounts under clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subparagraph (B) shall be adjusted in the same manner as under paragraph (1)(C)(i), except that subsection (f)(3)(A)(ii) shall be applied by substituting "2012" for "2016".

(4) Adjustment of tables

The Secretary shall adjust the tables prescribed under subsection (f) to carry out this subsection.

(j) Modifications for taxable years 2018 through 2025

(1) In general

In the case of a taxable year beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026—

(A) subsection (i) shall not apply, and

(B) this section (other than subsection (i)) shall be applied as provided in paragraphs (2) through (6).

(2) Rate tables

(A) Married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses

The following table shall be applied in lieu of the table contained in subsection (a):

 
If taxable income is:The tax is:
Not over $19,050 10% of taxable income.
Over $19,050 but not over $77,400 $1,905, plus 12% of the excess over $19,050.
Over $77,400 but not over $165,000 $8,907, plus 22% of the excess over $77,400.
Over $165,000 but not over $315,000 $28,179, plus 24% of the excess over $165,000.
Over $315,000 but not over $400,000 $64,179, plus 32% of the excess over $315,000.
Over $400,000 but not over $600,000 $91,379, plus 35% of the excess over $400,000.
Over $600,000 $161,379, plus 37% of the excess over $600,000.

(B) Heads of households

The following table shall be applied in lieu of the table contained in subsection (b):

 
If taxable income is:The tax is:
Not over $13,600 10% of taxable income.
Over $13,600 but not over $51,800 $1,360, plus 12% of the excess over $13,600.
Over $51,800 but not over $82,500 $5,944, plus 22% of the excess over $51,800.
Over $82,500 but not over $157,500 $12,698, plus 24% of the excess over $82,500.
Over $157,500 but not over $200,000 $30,698, plus 32% of the excess over $157,500.
Over $200,000 but not over $500,000 $44,298, plus 35% of the excess over $200,000.
Over $500,000 $149,298, plus 37% of the excess over $500,000.

(C) Unmarried individuals other than surviving spouses and heads of households

The following table shall be applied in lieu of the table contained in subsection (c):

 
If taxable income is:The tax is:
Not over $9,525 10% of taxable income.
Over $9,525 but not over $38,700 $952.50, plus 12% of the excess over $9,525.
Over $38,700 but not over $82,500 $4,453.50, plus 22% of the excess over $38,700.
Over $82,500 but not over $157,500 $14,089.50, plus 24% of the excess over $82,500.
Over $157,500 but not over $200,000 $32,089.50, plus 32% of the excess over $157,500.
Over $200,000 but not over $500,000 $45,689.50, plus 35% of the excess over $200,000.
Over $500,000 $150,689.50, plus 37% of the excess over $500,000.

(D) Married individuals filing separate returns

The following table shall be applied in lieu of the table contained in subsection (d):

 
If taxable income is:The tax is:
Not over $9,525 10% of taxable income.
Over $9,525 but not over $38,700 $952.50, plus 12% of the excess over $9,525.
Over $38,700 but not over $82,500 $4,453.50, plus 22% of the excess over $38,700.
Over $82,500 but not over $157,500 $14,089.50, plus 24% of the excess over $82,500.
Over $157,500 but not over $200,000 $32,089.50, plus 32% of the excess over $157,500.
Over $200,000 but not over $300,000 $45,689.50, plus 35% of the excess over $200,000.
Over $300,000 $80,689.50, plus 37% of the excess over $300,000.

(E) Estates and trusts

The following table shall be applied in lieu of the table contained in subsection (e):

 
If taxable income is:The tax is:
Not over $2,550 10% of taxable income.
Over $2,550 but not over $9,150 $255, plus 24% of the excess over $2,550.
Over $9,150 but not over $12,500 $1,839, plus 35% of the excess over $9,150.
Over $12,500 $3,011.50, plus 37% of the excess over $12,500.

(F) References to rate tables

Any reference in this title to a rate of tax under subsection (c) shall be treated as a reference to the corresponding rate bracket under subparagraph (C) of this paragraph, except that the reference in section 3402(q)(1) to the third lowest rate of tax applicable under subsection (c) shall be treated as a reference to the fourth lowest rate of tax under subparagraph (C).

(3) Adjustments

(A) No adjustment in 2018

The tables contained in paragraph (2) shall apply without adjustment for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2019.

(B) Subsequent years

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018, the Secretary shall prescribe tables which shall apply in lieu of the tables contained in paragraph (2) in the same manner as under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (f) (applied without regard to clauses (i) and (ii) of subsection (f)(2)(A)), except that in prescribing such tables—

(i) subsection (f)(3) shall be applied by substituting "calendar year 2017" for "calendar year 2016" in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof,

(ii) subsection (f)(7)(B) shall apply to any unmarried individual other than a surviving spouse or head of household, and

(iii) subsection (f)(8) shall not apply.

[(4) Repealed. Pub. L. 116–94, div. O, title V, §501(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3180]

(5) Application of current income tax brackets to capital gains brackets

(A) In general

Section 1(h)(1) shall be applied—

(i) by substituting "below the maximum zero rate amount" for "which would (without regard to this paragraph) be taxed at a rate below 25 percent" in subparagraph (B)(i), and

(ii) by substituting "below the maximum 15-percent rate amount" for "which would (without regard to this paragraph) be taxed at a rate below 39.6 percent" in subparagraph (C)(ii)(I).

(B) Maximum amounts defined

For purposes of applying section 1(h) with the modifications described in subparagraph (A)—

(i) Maximum zero rate amount

The maximum zero rate amount shall be—

(I) in the case of a joint return or surviving spouse, $77,200,

(II) in the case of an individual who is a head of household (as defined in section 2(b)), $51,700,

(III) in the case of any other individual (other than an estate or trust), an amount equal to ½ of the amount in effect for the taxable year under subclause (I), and

(IV) in the case of an estate or trust, $2,600.

(ii) Maximum 15-percent rate amount

The maximum 15-percent rate amount shall be—

(I) in the case of a joint return or surviving spouse, $479,000 (½ such amount in the case of a married individual filing a separate return),

(II) in the case of an individual who is the head of a household (as defined in section 2(b)), $452,400,

(III) in the case of any other individual (other than an estate or trust), $425,800, and

(IV) in the case of an estate or trust, $12,700.

(C) Inflation adjustment

In the case of any taxable year beginning after 2018, each of the dollar amounts in clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (B) shall be increased by an amount equal to—

(i) such dollar amount, multiplied by

(ii) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under subsection (f)(3) for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins, determined by substituting "calendar year 2017" for "calendar year 2016" in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof.


If any increase under this subparagraph is not a multiple of $50, such increase shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $50.

(6) Section 15 not to apply

Section 15 shall not apply to any change in a rate of tax by reason of this subsection.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 5; Pub. L. 88–272, title I, §111, Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 89–809, title I, §103(a)(2), Nov. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 1550; Pub. L. 91–172, title VIII, §803(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 678; Pub. L. 95–30, title I, §101(a), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 127; Pub. L. 95–600, title I, §101(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2767; Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §§101(a), 104(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 176, 188; Pub. L. 97–448, title I, §101(a)(3), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2366; Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §101(a), title III, §302(a), title XIV, §1411(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2096, 2218, 2714; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §§1001(a)(3), 1014(e)(1)–(3), (6), (7), title VI, §6006(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3349, 3561, 3562, 3686; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §§7811(j)(1), 7816(b), 7831(a), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2411, 2420, 2425; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §§11101(a)–(c), (d)(1)(A), (2), 11103(c), 11104(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–403 to 1388-406, 1388-408; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §§13201(a), (b)(3)(A), (B), 13202(a), 13206(d)(2), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 457, 459, 461, 467; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1704(m)(1), (2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1882, 1883; Pub. L. 105–34, title III, §311(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 831; Pub. L. 105–206, title V, §5001(a)(1)–(4), title VI, §§6005(d)(1), 6007(f)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 787, 788, 800, 810; Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title IV, §4002(i)(1), (3), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–907, 2681-908; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §117(b)(1)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-604; Pub. L. 107–16, title I, §101(a), (c)(1), (2), title III, §§301(c)(1), 302(a), (b), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 41, 43, 54; Pub. L. 108–27, title I, §§102(a), (b)(1), 104(a), (b), 105(a), title III, §§301(a)(1), (2)(A), (b)(1), 302(a), (e)(1), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 754, 755, 758, 760, 763; Pub. L. 108–311, title I, §101(c), (d), title IV, §§402(a)(1)–(3), 408(a)(1), (2), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1167, 1168, 1184, 1190; Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, §413(c)(1), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1506; Pub. L. 109–222, title V, §510(a)—(c), May 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 364; Pub. L. 110–28, title VIII, §8241(a), (b), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 110–185, title I, §101(f)(2), Feb. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 112–240, title I, §§101(b)(1), 102(b)(1), (c)(2), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2316, 2318, 2319; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §221(a)(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4037; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §§11001(a), 11002(a)–(c), 14223(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2054, 2059, 2220; Pub. L. 116–94, div. O, title V, §501(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3180.)

Inflation Adjusted Items for Certain Years

For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Revenue Procedures listed in a table below.


Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of this subclause, referred to in subsec. (h)(11)(C)(iii)(II), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–97, which was approved Dec. 22, 2017.

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (j)(4). Pub. L. 116–94 struck out par. (4) which related to special rules for certain children with unearned income.

2017—Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–97, §11002(c)(1), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "except as provided in paragraph (8), by increasing the minimum and maximum dollar amounts for each rate bracket for which a tax is imposed under such table by the cost-of-living adjustment for such calendar year,".

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 115–97, §11002(a), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "For purposes of paragraph (2), the cost-of-living adjustment for any calendar year is the percentage (if any) by which—

"(A) the CPI for the preceding calendar year, exceeds

"(B) the CPI for the calendar year 1992."

Subsec. (f)(6), (7). Pub. L. 115–97, §11002(b), added par. (6), redesignated former par. (6) as (7), and struck out former par. (7). Prior to amendment, text of par. (7) read as follows: "In prescribing tables under paragraph (1) which apply to taxable years beginning in a calendar year after 1994, the cost-of-living adjustment used in making adjustments to the dollar amounts at which the 36 percent rate bracket begins or at which the 39.6 percent rate bracket begins shall be determined under paragraph (3) by substituting '1993' for '1992'."

Subsec. (h)(11)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 115–97, §14223(a), substituted "shall not include—" for "shall not include", inserted subcl. (I) designation before "any foreign corporation", and added subcl. (II).

Subsec. (i)(1)(C)(i). Pub. L. 115–97, §11002(c)(2)(A), substituted "for '2016' in subparagraph (A)(ii)" for "for '1992' in subparagraph (B)".

Subsec. (i)(3)(C). Pub. L. 115–97, §11002(c)(2)(B), substituted "subsection (f)(3)(A)(ii) shall be applied by substituting '2012' for '2016' " for "subsection (f)(3)(B) shall be applied by substituting '2012' for '1992' ".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 115–97, §11001(a), added subsec. (j).

2014—Subsec. (f)(7). Pub. L. 113–295 amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(A) Calendar year 1994.—In prescribing the tables under paragraph (1) which apply with respect to taxable years beginning in calendar year 1994, the Secretary shall make no adjustment to the dollar amounts at which the 36 percent rate bracket begins or at which the 39.6 percent rate begins under any table contained in subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e).

"(B) Later calendar years.—In prescribing tables under paragraph (1) which apply with respect to taxable years beginning in a calendar year after 1994, the cost-of-living adjustment used in making adjustments to the dollar amounts referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be determined under paragraph (3) by substituting '1993' for '1992'."

2013—Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 112–240, §102(c)(2), substituted "0 percent" for "5 percent (0 percent in the case of taxable years beginning after 2007)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(1)(C) to (F). Pub. L. 112–240, §102(b)(1), added subpars. (C) and (D), redesignated former subpars. (D) and (E) as (E) and (F), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "15 percent of the adjusted net capital gain (or, if less, taxable income) in excess of the amount on which a tax is determined under subparagraph (B);".

Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 112–240, §101(b)(1)(A), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) related to reductions in rates after June 30, 2001.

Subsec. (i)(3), (4). Pub. L. 112–240, §101(b)(1)(B), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

2008—Subsec. (i)(1)(D). Pub. L. 110–185 struck out heading and text of subpar. (D). Text read as follows: "This paragraph shall not apply to any taxable year to which section 6428 applies."

2007—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–28, §8241(b), struck out "minor" before "children" in heading.

Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–28, §8241(a), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "such child has not attained age 18 before the close of the taxable year,".

2006—Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–222, §510(a), substituted "age 18" for "age 14".

Subsec. (g)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–222, §510(c), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (g)(4)(C). Pub. L. 109–222, §510(b), added subpar. (C).

2004—Subsec. (f)(8). Pub. L. 108–311, §101(c), amended par. (8) generally, substituting provisions relating to elimination of marriage penalty in 15-percent bracket for provisions relating to phaseout of marriage penalty in 15-percent bracket.

Subsec. (g)(7)(B)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 108–311, §408(a)(1), substituted "10 percent" for "10 percent."

Subsec. (h)(1)(D)(i). Pub. L. 108–311, §402(a)(1), inserted "(determined without regard to paragraph (11))" after "net capital gain".

Subsec. (h)(6)(A)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 108–311, §408(a)(2)(A), substituted "(4)(B)" for "(5)(B)".

Subsec. (h)(6)(A)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 108–311, §408(a)(2)(B), substituted "(4)(A)" for "(5)(A)".

Subsec. (h)(10)(F) to (H). Pub. L. 108–357, §413(c)(1)(A), inserted "and" at end of subpar. (F), redesignated subpar. (H) as (G), and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: "a foreign investment company which is described in section 1246(b)(1) and for which an election is in effect under section 1247; and".

Subsec. (h)(11)(B)(iii)(I). Pub. L. 108–311, §402(a)(2), substituted "substituting in section 246(c)" for "substituting in section 246(c)(1)", "121-day period" for "120-day period", and "91-day period" for "90-day period".

Subsec. (h)(11)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 108–357, §413(c)(1)(B), struck out "a foreign personal holding company (as defined in section 552), a foreign investment company (as defined in section 1246(b)), or" before "a passive foreign investment".

Subsec. (h)(11)(D)(ii). Pub. L. 108–311, §402(a)(3), substituted "a taxpayer to whom this section applies" for "an individual".

Subsec. (i)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 108–311, §101(d)(1), struck out "($12,000 in the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004, and before January 1, 2008)" after "$14,000".

Subsec. (i)(1)(C). Pub. L. 108–311, §101(d)(2), reenacted heading without change and amended text generally, substituting provisions relating to inflation adjustment in calendar years after 2003 for such provisions in calendar years after 2000.

2003—Subsec. (f)(8)(A). Pub. L. 108–27, §102(b)(1), substituted "2002" for "2004".

Subsec. (f)(8)(B). Pub. L. 108–27, §102(a), inserted table item relating to years 2003 and 2004.

Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108–27, §301(a)(1), substituted "5 percent (0 percent in the case of taxable years beginning after 2007)" for "10 percent".

Subsec. (h)(1)(C). Pub. L. 108–27, §301(a)(2)(A), substituted "15 percent" for "20 percent".

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 108–27, §301(b)(1)(A), (B), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows:

"(A) Reduction in 10-percent rate.—In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2000, the rate under paragraph (1)(B) shall be 8 percent with respect to so much of the amount to which the 10-percent rate would otherwise apply as does not exceed qualified 5-year gain, and 10 percent with respect to the remainder of such amount.

"(B) Reduction in 20-percent rate.—The rate under paragraph (1)(C) shall be 18 percent with respect to so much of the amount to which the 20-percent rate would otherwise apply as does not exceed the lesser of—

"(i) the excess of qualified 5-year gain over the amount of such gain taken into account under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; or

"(ii) the amount of qualified 5-year gain (determined by taking into account only property the holding period for which begins after December 31, 2000),

and 20 percent with respect to the remainder of such amount. For purposes of determining under the preceding sentence whether the holding period of property begins after December 31, 2000, the holding period of property acquired pursuant to the exercise of an option (or other right or obligation to acquire property) shall include the period such option (or other right or obligation) was held."

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 108–27, §302(e)(1), amended heading and text of par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "For purposes of this subsection, the term 'adjusted net capital gain' means net capital gain reduced (but not below zero) by the sum of—

"(A) unrecaptured section 1250 gain; and

"(B) 28-percent rate gain."

Pub. L. 108–27, §301(b)(1)(B), redesignated par. (4) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (2).

Subsec. (h)(4) to (7). Pub. L. 108–27, §301(b)(1)(B), redesignated pars. (5) to (8) as (4) to (7), respectively. Former par. (4) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (h)(8). Pub. L. 108–27, §301(b)(1)(C), redesignated par. (10) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (h)(9). Pub. L. 108–27, §301(b)(1)(A), (C), redesignated par. (11) as (9) and struck out heading and text of former par. (9). Text read as follows: "For purposes of this subsection, the term 'qualified 5-year gain' means the aggregate long-term capital gain from property held for more than 5 years. The determination under the preceding sentence shall be made without regard to collectibles gain, gain described in paragraph (7)(A)(i), and section 1202 gain."

Subsec. (h)(10). Pub. L. 108–27, §301(b)(1)(C), redesignated par. (12) as (10). Former par. (10) redesignated (8).

Subsec. (h)(11). Pub. L. 108–27, §302(a), added par. (11).

Pub. L. 108–27, §301(b)(1)(C), redesignated par. (11) as (9).

Subsec. (h)(12). Pub. L. 108–27, §301(b)(1)(C), redesignated par. (12) as (10).

Subsec. (i)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 108–27, §104(a), substituted "($12,000 in the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004, and before January 1, 2008)" for "($12,000 in the case of taxable years beginning before January 1, 2008)".

Subsec. (i)(1)(C). Pub. L. 108–27, §104(b), amended heading and text of subpar. (C) generally. Text read as follows: "In prescribing the tables under subsection (f) which apply with respect to taxable years beginning in calendar years after 2000—

"(i) the Secretary shall make no adjustment to the initial bracket amount for any taxable year beginning before January 1, 2009,

"(ii) the cost-of-living adjustment used in making adjustments to the initial bracket amount for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2008, shall be determined under subsection (f)(3) by substituting '2007' for '1992' in subparagraph (B) thereof, and

"(iii) such adjustment shall not apply to the amount referred to in subparagraph (B)(iii).

If any amount after adjustment under the preceding sentence is not a multiple of $50, such amount shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $50."

Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 108–27, §105(a), amended table generally. Prior to amendment, table read as follows:

 
 "In the case of taxable years beginning during calendar year:The corresponding percentages shall be substituted for

the following percentages:

28%31%36%39.6%
  2001 27.5% 30.5% 35.5% 39.1%
  2002 and 2003 27.0% 30.0% 35.0% 38.6%
  2004 and 2005 26.0% 29.0% 34.0% 37.6%
  2006 and thereafter 25.0% 28.0% 33.0% 35.0%"

2001—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–16, §302(b)(2), substituted "Phaseout of marriage penalty in 15-percent bracket; adjustments" for "Adjustments" in heading.

Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 107–16, §302(b)(1), inserted "except as provided in paragraph (8)," before "by increasing".

Subsec. (f)(6)(B). Pub. L. 107–16, §301(c)(1), substituted "(other than with respect to sections 63(c)(4) and 151(d)(4)(A)) shall be applied" for "(other than with respect to subsection (c)(4) of section 63 (as it applies to subsections (c)(5)(A) and (f) of such section) and section 151(d)(4)(A)) shall be applied".

Subsec. (f)(8). Pub. L. 107–16, §302(a), added par. (8).

Subsec. (g)(7)(B)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 107–16, §101(c)(1), substituted "10 percent." for "15 percent".

Subsec. (h)(1)(A)(ii)(I), (B)(i). Pub. L. 107–16, §101(c)(2)(A), substituted "25 percent" for "28 percent".

Subsec. (h)(13). Pub. L. 107–16, §101(c)(2)(B), struck out par. (13), which set out special rules for determination of 28-percent rate gain, unrecaptured section 1250 gain, pass-thru entities, and charitable remainder trusts.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–16, §101(a), added subsec. (i).

2000—Subsec.(h)(8). Pub. L. 106–554 substituted "means the excess of—" and subpars. (A) and (B) for "means an amount equal to the gain excluded from gross income under section 1202(a)."

1998—Subsec. (g)(3)(C), (D). Pub. L. 105–206, §6007(f)(1), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C) and struck out heading and text of former subpar. (C). Text read as follows: "If tax is imposed under section 644(a)(1) with respect to the sale or exchange of any property of which the parent was the transferor, for purposes of applying subparagraph (A) to the taxable year of the parent in which such sale or exchange occurs—

"(i) taxable income of the parent shall be increased by the amount treated as included in gross income under section 644(a)(2)(A)(i), and

"(ii) the amount described in subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be increased by the amount of the excess referred to in section 644(a)(2)(A)."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–206, §6005(d)(1), reenacted subsec. heading without change and amended text of subsec. (h) generally, substituting present provisions comprising pars. (1) to (13) for former similar provisions comprising pars. (1) to (11).

Subsec. (h)(5). Pub. L. 105–206, §5001(a)(1), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows:

"(5) 28-percent rate gain.—For purposes of this subsection—

"(A) In general.—The term '28-percent rate gain' means the excess (if any) of—

"(i) the sum of—

"(I) the aggregate long-term capital gain from property held for more than 1 year but not more than 18 months;

"(II) collectibles gain; and

"(III) section 1202 gain, over

"(ii) the sum of—

"(I) the aggregate long-term capital loss (not described in subclause (IV)) from property referred to in clause (i)(I);

"(II) collectibles loss;

"(III) the net short-term capital loss; and

"(IV) the amount of long-term capital loss carried under section 1212(b)(1)(B) to the taxable year.

"(B) Special rules.—

"(i) Short sale gains and holding periods.—Rules similar to the rules of section 1233(b) shall apply where the substantially identical property has been held more than 1 year but not more than 18 months; except that, for purposes of such rules—

"(I) section 1233(b)(1) shall be applied by substituting '18 months' for '1 year' each place it appears; and

"(II) the holding period of such property shall be treated as being 1 year on the day before the earlier of the date of the closing of the short sale or the date such property is disposed of.

"(ii) Long-term losses.—Section 1233(d) shall be applied separately by substituting '18 months' for '1 year' each place it appears.

"(iii) Options.—A rule similar to the rule of section 1092(f) shall apply where the stock was held for more than 18 months.

"(iv) Section 1256 contracts.—Amounts treated as long-term capital gain or loss under section 1256(a)(3) shall be treated as attributable to property held for more than 18 months."

Subsec. (h)(6)(A). Pub. L. 105–206, §5001(a)(2), substituted "1 year" for "18 months".

Subsec. (h)(7)(A)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 105–206, §5001(a)(3), amended cls. (i) and (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cls. (i) and (ii) read as follows:

"(i) the amount of long-term capital gain (not otherwise treated as ordinary income) which would be treated as ordinary income if—

"(I) section 1250(b)(1) included all depreciation and the applicable percentage under section 1250(a) were 100 percent, and

"(II) only gain from property held for more than 18 months were taken into account, over

"(ii) the excess (if any) of—

"(I) the amount described in paragraph (5)(A)(ii), over

"(II) the amount described in paragraph (5)(A)(i)."

Subsec. (h)(13). Pub. L. 105–206, §5001(a)(4), struck out "for periods during 1997" after "Special rules" in par. heading and amended headings and text of subpars. (A) and (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpars. (A) and (B) read as follows:

"(A) Determination of 28-percent rate gain.—In applying paragraph (5)—

"(i) the amount determined under subclause (I) of paragraph (5)(A)(i) shall include long-term capital gain (not otherwise described in paragraph (5)(A)(i)) which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 7, 1997;

"(ii) the amounts determined under subclause (I) of paragraph (5)(A)(ii) shall include long-term capital loss (not otherwise described in paragraph (5)(A)(ii)) which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 7, 1997; and

"(iii) clauses (i)(I) and (ii)(I) of paragraph (5)(A) shall be applied by not taking into account any gain and loss on property held for more than 1 year but not more than 18 months which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year after May 6, 1997, and before July 29, 1997.

"(B) Other special rules.—

"(i) Determination of unrecaptured section 1250 gain not to include pre-may 7, 1997 gain.—The amount determined under paragraph (7)(A)(i) shall not include gain properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 7, 1997.

"(ii) Other transitional rules for 18-month holding period.—Paragraphs (6)(A) and (7)(A)(i)(II) shall be applied by substituting '1 year' for '18 months' with respect to gain properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year after May 6, 1997, and before July 29, 1997."

Subsec. (h)(13)(B). Pub. L. 105–277, §4002(i)(1), substituted "paragraph (7)(A)(i)" for "paragraph (7)(A)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(13)(D). Pub. L. 105–277, §4002(i)(3), added subpar. (D).

1997—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–34 amended heading and text of subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "If a taxpayer has a net capital gain for any taxable year, then the tax imposed by this section shall not exceed the sum of—

"(1) a tax computed at the rates and in the same manner as if this subsection had not been enacted on the greater of—

"(A) taxable income reduced by the amount of the net capital gain, or

"(B) the amount of taxable income taxed at a rate below 28 percent, plus

"(2) a tax of 28 percent of the amount of taxable income in excess of the amount determined under paragraph (1).

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the net capital gain for any taxable year shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount which the taxpayer elects to take into account as investment income for the taxable year under section 163(d)(4)(B)(iii)."

1996—Subsec. (g)(7)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 104–188, §1704(m)(1), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "such gross income is more than $500 and less than $5,000,".

Subsec. (g)(7)(B)(i). Pub. L. 104–188, §1704(m)(2)(A), substituted "twice the amount described in paragraph (4)(A)(ii)(I)" for "$1,000".

Subsec. (g)(7)(B)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 104–188, §1704(m)(2)(B), amended subcl. (II) generally. Prior to amendment, subcl. (II) read as follows: "for each such child, the lesser of $75 or 15 percent of the excess of the gross income of such child over $500, and".

1993—Subsecs. (a) to (e). Pub. L. 103–66, §§13201(a), 13202(a), amended subsecs. (a) to (e) generally, substituting five-tiered tax tables for all categories applicable to tax years after December 31, 1992, for prior three-tiered tax tables.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 103–66, §13201(b)(3)(A)(i), substituted "1993" for "1990".

Subsec. (f)(3)(B). Pub. L. 103–66, §13201(b)(3)(A)(ii), substituted "1992" for "1989".

Subsec. (f)(7). Pub. L. 103–66, §13201(b)(3)(B), added par. (7).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–66, §13206(d)(2), inserted as concluding provision at end "For purposes of the preceding sentence, the net capital gain for any taxable year shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount which the taxpayer elects to take into account as investment income for the taxable year under section 163(d)(4)(B)(iii)."

1990—Subsecs. (a) to (e). Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(a), amended subsecs. (a) to (e) generally, substituting three-tiered tax tables for all categories applicable to tax years after Dec. 31, 1990, for prior two-tiered tax tables.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(d)(1)(A)(i), substituted "1990" for "1988".

Subsec. (f)(3)(B). Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(d)(1)(A)(ii), substituted "1989" for "1987".

Subsec. (f)(6)(A). Pub. L. 101–508, §11104(b)(1), substituted "section 151(d)(4)" for "section 151(d)(3)".

Pub. L. 101–508, §11103(c), inserted reference to section 68(b)(2).

Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(b)(2), struck out "subsection (g)(4)," after "paragraph (2)(A),".

Subsec. (f)(6)(B). Pub. L. 101–508, §11104(b)(2), substituted "section 151(d)(4)(A)" for "section 151(d)(3)".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(d)(2), redesignated subsec. (i) as (g).

Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(b)(1), struck out subsec. (g) which provided for phaseout of 15-percent rate and personal exemptions.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(d)(2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (h) and struck out former subsec. (h) which provided tax schedules for taxable years beginning in 1987.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(d)(2), redesignated subsec. (i) as (g).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(d)(2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (h).

Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(c), amended subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (j) read as follows:

"(1) In general.—If a taxpayer has a net capital gain for any taxable year to which this subsection applies, then the tax imposed by this section shall not exceed the sum of—

"(A) a tax computed at the rates and in the same manner as if this subsection had not been enacted on the greater of—

"(i) the taxable income reduced by the amount of net capital gain, or

"(ii) the amount of taxable income taxed at a rate below 28 percent, plus

"(B) a tax of 28 percent of the amount of taxable income in excess of the amount determined under subparagraph (A), plus

"(C) the amount of increase determined under subsection (g).

"(2) Years to which subsection applies.—This subsection shall apply to—

"(A) any taxable year beginning in 1987, and

"(B) any taxable year beginning after 1987 if the highest rate of tax set forth in subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) (whichever applies) for such taxable year exceeds 28 percent."

1989—Subsec. (f)(6)(B). Pub. L. 101–239, §7831(a), substituted "subsection (c)(4) of section 63 (as it applies to subsections (c)(5)(A) and (f) of such section) and section 151(d)(3)" for "section 63(c)(4)".

Subsec. (i)(3)(C), (D). Pub. L. 101–239, §7811(j)(1), redesignated subpar. (C), relating to special rule where parent has different taxable year, as (D).

Subsec. (i)(7)(A). Pub. L. 101–239, §7816(b), inserted "(other than for purposes of this paragraph)" after "shall be treated" in concluding provisions.

1988—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 100–647, §1001(a)(3), inserted provision relating to application of subpar. (B) at end of last sentence.

Subsec. (i)(3)(A). Pub. L. 100–647, §1014(e)(2), substituted "any exclusion, deduction, or credit" for "any deduction or credit".

Subsec. (i)(3)(C). Pub. L. 100–647, §1014(e)(7), added subpar. (C) relating to special rule where parent has different taxable year.

Pub. L. 100–647, §1014(e)(1), added subpar. (C) relating to coordination with section 644.

Subsec. (i)(4)(A)(i). Pub. L. 100–647, §1014(e)(3)(A), substituted "adjusted gross income" for "gross income" and inserted "attributable to" after "which is not".

Subsec. (i)(4)(A)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 100–647, §1014(e)(3)(B)–(D), substituted "his deductions" for "his deduction", "the itemized deductions allowed" for "the deductions allowed", and "adjusted gross income" for "gross income".

Subsec. (i)(5)(A). Pub. L. 100–647, §1014(e)(6), substituted "custodial parent (within the meaning of section 152(e))" for "custodial parent".

Subsec. (i)(7). Pub. L. 100–647, §6006(a), added par. (7).

1986—Subsecs. (a) to (e). Pub. L. 99–514, §101(a), in amending subsecs. (a) to (e) generally, substituted a general tax table for tax tables (1), (2), and (3) in each subsec. applicable to taxable years beginning in 1982, 1983, and after 1983, respectively.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–514, §101(a), in amending subsec. (f) generally, in par. (1) substituted "1988," for "1984" and struck out "paragraph (3) of" before "subsections", in par. (2) struck out "paragraph (3) of" before "subsection" in introductory provisions, substituted subpars. (A) to (C) for former subpars. (A) to (C) which read as follows:

"(A) by increasing—

"(i) the maximum dollar amount on which no tax is imposed under such table, and

"(ii) the minimum and maximum dollar amounts for each rate bracket for which a tax is imposed under such table,

by the cost-of-living adjustment for such calendar year,

"(B) by not changing the rate applicable to any rate bracket as adjusted under subparagraph (A)(ii), and

"(C) by adjusting the amounts setting forth the tax to the extent necessary to reflect the adjustments in the rate brackets.",

and struck out concluding provisions which read as follows: "If any increase determined under subparagraph (A) is not a multiple of $10, such increase shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $10 (or if such increase is a multiple of $5, such increase shall be increased to the next highest multiple of $10).", in par. (3)(B) substituted "1987" for "1983", in par. (4) substituted "August 31" for "September 30", in par. (5) inserted requirement that the Consumer Price Index most consistent with such Index for calendar year 1986 be used, and added par. (6).

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 99–514, §101(a), in amending section generally, added subsecs. (g) and (h).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–514, §1411(a), added subsec. (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 99–514, §302(a), added subsec. (j).

1982—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 97–448, §101(a)(3), set out as a note below, provided for amendment of the tables applying to married individuals filing separately or to estates and trusts so as to correct any figure differing by not more than 50 cents from the correct amount under the formula used in constructing such table. Corrections to the tables in subsecs. (d) and (e) appeared in Announcement 83–50 contained in Internal Revenue Bulletin No. 1983–12 of Mar. 21, 1983.

1981—Subsecs. (a) to (e). Pub. L. 97–34, §101(a), generally revised tax tables downward providing for cumulative across-the-board reductions of 23 percent on a three phase schedule under which different new rates were set for taxable years beginning in 1982, for taxable years beginning in 1983, and for taxable years beginning after 1983.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–34, §104(a), added subsec. (f).

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–600 generally made a downward revision of tax table for married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses resulting in a table under which, among other changes, a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $3,400 or less was substituted for a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $3,200 or less.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–600 generally made a downward revision of tax table for heads of household resulting in a table under which, among other changes, a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $2,300 or less was substituted for a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $2,200 or less.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–600 generally made a downward revision of tax table for unmarried individuals other than surviving spouses and heads of households resulting in a table under which, among other changes, a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $2,300 or less was substituted for a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $2,200 or less.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–600 generally made a downward revision of tax tables for married individuals filing separate returns resulting in a table under which, among other changes, a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $1,700 or less was substituted for a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $1,600 or less.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–600 generally made a downward revision of tax tables for estates and trusts resulting in a table under which, among other changes, a bottom bracket under which a tax of 14% is imposed on taxable income of $1,050 for a bottom bracket under which a tax of 14% was imposed on taxable income of $500 or less.

1977—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–30 generally made a downward revision of tax table for married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses resulting in a table under which, among other changes, a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $3,200 or less was substituted for a bottom bracket under which a tax of 14% had been imposed on a taxable income of $1,000 or less.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–30 generally made a downward revision of tax table for heads of households resulting in a table under which, among other changes, a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $2,200 or less was substituted for a bottom bracket under which a tax of 14% had been imposed on a taxable income of $1,000 or less.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–30 generally made a downward revision of tax table for unmarried individuals other than surviving spouses and heads of households resulting in a table under which, among other changes, a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $2,200 or less was substituted for a bottom bracket under which a tax of 14% had been imposed on a taxable income of $500 or less.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–30 generally made a downward revision of tax table for married individuals filing separate returns resulting in a table under which, among other changes, a bottom bracket imposing no tax on taxable income of $1,600 or less was substituted for a bottom bracket under which a tax of 14% had been imposed on a taxable income of $500 or less. Provisions making table applicable to estates and trusts were struck out. See subsec. (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–30 added subsec. (e) consisting of table formerly contained in subsec. (d) but without any downward revision and limited so as to apply only to estates and trusts.

1969—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–172 substituted a table of rates of tax for married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses for the tables of rates of tax on individuals. For rates of taxes on unmarried individuals and married persons filing separate returns, see subsecs. (c) and (d) of this section.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–172 generally revised rates of tax of heads of household downwards and struck out provisions defining head of household, determination of status, and limitations. For definition of head of household, determination of status, and limitations, see section 2(b) of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–172 substituted rates of tax on unmarried individuals (other than surviving spouses and heads of household) for special rules explaining the rates of tax imposed under former subsecs. (a) and (b)(1) and prescribing a maximum limit of 87 percent of the taxable year.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–172 substituted a table of rates of tax for married individuals filing separate returns for provision prescribing the applicability of the rates to non-resident aliens. For applicability of rates of tax to non-resident aliens, see section 2(d) of this title.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–172 struck out cross reference to section 63. See section 2(e) of this title.

1966—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 89–809 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).

1964—Pub. L. 88–272 amended section generally by splitting the former first bracket which started at $2,000 into four new brackets, the 14 percent bracket representing a 30 percent reduction, the 15 percent bracket a 25 percent cut, and the 16 percent bracket a 20 percent cut, and reducing all other brackets by cuts averaging about 20 percent and effectuated these cuts in two steps, one in 1964, and one in 1965.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–94, div. O, title V, §501(c), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3181, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2019.

"(2) Coordination with alternative minimum tax.—The amendment made by subsection (b) [amending section 55 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.

"(3) Elective retroactive application.—A taxpayer may elect (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary of the Treasury (or the Secretary's designee) may provide) for the amendment made by subsection (a) to also apply to taxable years of the taxpayer which begin in 2018, 2019, or both (as specified by the taxpayer in such election)."

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §11001(c), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2059, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6695 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017."

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §11002(e), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2063, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 23, 25A, 25B, 32, 36B, 41, 42, 45R, 55, 59, 62, 63, 68, 125, 132, 135, 137, 146, 147, 151, 162, 179, 213, 219–221, 223, 280F, 408A, 430, 512, 513, 831, 877A, 911, 1274A, 2010, 2032A, 2503, 4161, 4261, 4980I, 5000A, 6039F, 6323, 6334, 6601, 6651, 6652, 6695, 6698, 6699, 6721, 6722, 7345, 7430, 7872, and 9831 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017."

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §14223(b), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2221, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to dividends received after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2017]."

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §221(b), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4055, provided that:

"(1) General rule.—Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) [see Tables for classification] or paragraph (2) of this subsection, the amendments made by this section [see Tables for classification] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 2014].

"(2) Savings provision.—If—

"(A) any provision amended or repealed by the amendments made by this section applied to—

"(i) any transaction occurring before the date of the enactment of this Act,

"(ii) any property acquired before such date of enactment, or

"(iii) any item of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account before such date of enactment, and

"(B) the treatment of such transaction, property, or item under such provision would (without regard to the amendments or repeals made by this section) affect the liability for tax for periods ending after [such] date of enactment, nothing in the amendments or repeals made by this section shall be construed to affect the treatment of such transaction, property, or item for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after such date of enactment."

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–240, title I, §101(b)(3), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2317, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 68 and 151 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012."

Pub. L. 112–240, title I, §102(d), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2319, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as otherwise provided, the amendments made by subsections (b) and (c) [amending this section, sections 55, 531, 541, 1445, and 7518 of this title, and section 53511 of Title 46, Shipping] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012.

"(2) Withholding.—The amendments made by paragraphs (1)(C) and (3) of subsection (c) [amending section 1445 of this title] shall apply to amounts paid on or after January 1, 2013."

Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–148, title X, §10909(c), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 1023, as amended by Pub. L. 111–312, title I, §101(b)(1), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3298, provided that: "Each provision of law amended by this section [amending sections 23, 24, 25, 25A, 25B, 26, 30, 30B, 30D, 36C, 137, 904, 1016, 1400C, and 6211 of this title and section 1324 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and renumbering section 23 of this title as section 36C of this title] is amended to read as such provision would read if this section had never been enacted. The amendments made by the preceding sentence shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2011."

Pub. L. 111–148, title X, §10909(d), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 1024, as amended by Pub. L. 111–312, title I, §101(b)(2), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3298, provided that: "Except as provided in subsection (c) [set out as a note above], the amendments made by this section [amending sections 24, 25, 25A, 25B, 26, 30, 30B, 30D, 36C, 137, 904, 1016, 1400C, and 6211 of this title and section 1324 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and renumbering section 23 of this title as section 36C of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2009."

Effective Date of 2007 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–28, title VIII, §8241(c), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 199, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [May 25, 2007]."

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–222, title V, §510(d), May 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 364, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2005."

Effective and Termination Dates of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, §413(d), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1510, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 170, 171, 245, 312, 443, 465, 508, 542, 543, 562, 563, 751, 864, 898, 904, 951, 954, 989, 1014, 1016, 1212, 1223, 1248, 1260, 1291, 1294, 4947, 4948, 6103, 6501, and 6679 of this title and repealing sections 551 to 558, 1246, 1247, and 6035 of this title] shall apply to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after December 31, 2004, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end.

"(2) Subsection (c)(27).—The amendments made by subsection (c)(27) [amending section 6103 of this title] shall apply to disclosures of return or return information with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–311, title I, §101(e), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1168, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 24 and 63 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2003."

Pub. L. 108–311, title I, §105, Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1169, provided that: "Each amendment made by this title [amending this section and sections 24, 32, 55, and 63 of this title] shall be subject to title IX of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 [Pub. L. 107–16, §901, which was repealed by Pub. L. 112–240, title I, §101(a)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2315, was formerly set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2001 Amendment note below] to the same extent and in the same manner as the provision of such Act to which such amendment relates."

Pub. L. 108–311, title IV, §402(b), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1186, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 691, 854, and 857 of this title and provisions set out as a note under this section] shall take effect as if included in section 302 of the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 [Pub. L. 108–27]."

Effective and Termination Dates of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–27, title I, §102(c), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 754, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and provisions set out as a note under this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002."

Pub. L. 108–27, title I, §104(c), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 755, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002.

"(2) Tables for 2003.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall modify each table which has been prescribed under section 1(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for taxable years beginning in 2003 and which relates to the amendment made by subsection (a) to reflect such amendment."

Pub. L. 108–27, title I, §105(b), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 755, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002."

Pub. L. 108–27, title I, §107, May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 755, provided that: "Each amendment made by this title [enacting section 6429 of this title, amending this section and sections 24, 55, and 63 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] shall be subject to title IX of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 [Pub. L. 107–16, §901, which was repealed by Pub. L. 112–240, title I, §101(a)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2315, was formerly set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2001 Amendment note below] to the same extent and in the same manner as the provision of such Act to which such amendment relates."

Pub. L. 108–27, title III, §301(d), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 760, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, the amendments made by this section [amending this section, sections 55, 57, 1445, and 7518 of this title, and section 1177 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping] shall apply to taxable years ending on or after May 6, 2003.

"(2) Withholding.—The amendment made by subsection (a)(2)(C) [amending section 1445 of this title] shall apply to amounts paid after the date of the enactment of this Act [May 28, 2003].

"(3) Small business stock.—The amendments made by subsection (b)(3) [amending section 57 of this title] shall apply to dispositions on or after May 6, 2003."

Pub. L. 108–27, title III, §302(f), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 764, as amended by Pub. L. 108–311, title IV, §402(a)(6), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1185, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 163, 301, 306, 338, 467, 531, 541, 584, 702, 854, 857, 1255, and 1257 of this title and repealing section 341 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002.

"(2) Pass-thru entities.—In the case of a pass-thru entity described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F) of section 1(h)(10) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by this Act, the amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 2002; except that dividends received by such an entity on or before such date shall not be treated as qualified dividend income (as defined in section 1(h)(11)(B) of such Code, as added by this Act)."

Pub. L. 108–27, title III, §303, May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 764, as amended by Pub. L. 109–222, title I, §102, May 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 111–312, title I, §102(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3298, which provided that all provisions of, and amendments made by, title III of Pub. L. 108–27 would not apply to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2012, and that the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 would be applied and administered to such years as if such provisions and amendments had never been enacted, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–240, title I, §102(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2318.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2001 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–312, title II, §201(c), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3299, provided that: "Title IX of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 [Pub. L. 107–16, §901, formerly set out below] (relating to sunset of provisions of such Act) shall not apply to title VII of such Act [Pub. L. 107–16, §701, amending section 55 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 55 of this title] (relating to alternative minimum tax)."

Pub. L. 109–280, title VIII, §811, Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 996, provided that: "Title IX of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 [Pub. L. 107–16, §901, formerly set out below] shall not apply to the provisions of, and amendments made by, subtitles A through F of title VI of such Act [subtitles A to F [§§601–666] of title VI of Pub. L. 107–16, enacting sections 25B, 45E, 402A, and 4980F of this title, amending sections 24, 25, 25B, 26, 38, 39, 72, 132, 196, 219, 401, 402, 403, 404, 408, 408A, 409, 411, 412, 414 to 416, 457, 501, 505, 664, 861, 904, 1400C, 3401, 3405, 4972, 4973, 4975, 4979A, 6047, and 6051 of this title and sections 1003, 1053, 1054, 1082, 1104, and 1108 of Title 29, Labor, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 24, 38, 72, 132, 219, 401, 402, 403, 404, 408, 409, 411, 412, 414 to 416, 457, 861, 4972, 4975, 4980F, and 7801 of this title and section 1107 of Title 29, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 414 of this title and section 1107 of Title 29] (relating to pension and individual retirement arrangement provisions)."

Pub. L. 109–280, title XIII, §1304(a), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1109, provided that: "Section 901 of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 [Pub. L. 107–16, formerly set out below] (relating to sunset provisions) shall not apply to section 402 of such Act [amending sections 72, 135, 221, 529, 530, 4973, and 6693 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 72 of this title] (relating to modifications to qualified tuition programs)."

Pub. L. 107–16, title I, §101(d), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 44, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting section 6428 of this title and amending this section and sections 15, 531, 541, 3402, and 3406 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000.

"(2) Amendments to withholding provisions.—The amendments made by paragraphs (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), and (11) of subsection (c) [amending sections 3402 and 3406 of this title] shall apply to amounts paid after the 60th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 7, 2001]. References to income brackets and rates of tax in such paragraphs shall be applied without regard to [former] section 1(i)(1)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986."

Pub. L. 107–16, title III, §301(d), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 54, as amended by Pub. L. 108–27, title I, §103(b), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 754, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 63 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002."

Pub. L. 107–16, title III, §302(c), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 54, as amended by Pub. L. 108–27, title I, §102(b)(2), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 754, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002."

Pub. L. 107–16, title IX, §901, June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 150, as amended by Pub. L. 107–358, §2, Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 3015; Pub. L. 111–312, title I, §101(a)(1), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3298, which provided that all provisions of, and amendments made by, Pub. L. 107–16 (except for section 803 thereof (26 U.S.C. note prec. 101)) would not apply to taxable, plan, or limitation years beginning after Dec. 31, 2012, or, in the case of title V of Pub. L. 107–16, to estates of decedents dying, gifts made, or generation skipping transfers, after Dec. 31, 2012, and that the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) would be applied and administered to such years, estates, gifts, and transfers as if such provisions and amendments had never been enacted, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–240, title I, §101(a)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2315.

[Pub. L. 112–240, title I, §101(a)(3), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2316, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [repealing section 901 of Pub. L. 107–16, formerly set out above, and provisions set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment note under section 121 of this title] shall apply to taxable, plan, or limitation years beginning after December 31, 2012, and estates of decedents dying, gifts made, or generation skipping transfers after December 31, 2012."]

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §117(c)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-605, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1202 of this title] shall apply to stock acquired after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000]."

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title IV, §4002(k), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–908, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 408A, 6015, 6103, 6159, 7421, 7443A, and 7491 of this title and amending provisions set out as a note under section 6601 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the provisions of the 1998 Act [Pub. L. 105–206] to which they relate."

Pub. L. 105–206, title V, §5001(b), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 788, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1223 and 1235 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1997.

"(2) Subsection (a)(5).—The amendments made by subsection (a)(5) [amending sections 1223 and 1235 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1998."

Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6024, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 826, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this title [see Tables for classification], the amendments made by this title shall take effect as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 [Pub. L. 105–34] to which they relate."

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–34, title III, §311(d), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 835, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section, sections 55, 57, 904, 1445, and 7518 of this title, and section 1177 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping] shall apply to taxable years ending after May 6, 1997.

"(2) Withholding.—The amendment made by subsection (c)(1) [amending section 1445 of this title] shall apply only to amounts paid after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997]."

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1704(m)(4), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1883, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 59 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995."

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13201(c), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 459, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 41, 63, 68, 132, 151, 453A, 513, 531, and 541 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1992."

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13202(c), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 461, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 531 and 541 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1992."

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13206(d)(3), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 467, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 163 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1992."

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11101(e), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–405, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section, sections 32, 41, 59, 63, 135, 151, 513, 691, 904, 6103, and 7518 of this title, and section 1177 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1990."

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11103(e), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–407, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 68 of this title and amending this section and section 56 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1990."

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11104(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–408, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 151 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1990."

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7817, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2423, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this part [part I (§§7811–7817) of subtitle H of title VII of Pub. L. 101–239, see Tables for classification], any amendment made by this part shall take effect as if included in the provision of the 1988 Act [Pub. L. 100–647] to which such amendment relates."

Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7831(g), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2427, provided that: "Any amendment made by this section [amending this section and sections 42, 406, 407, and 1250 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 141 and 263A of this title] shall take effect as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–514] to which such amendment relates."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1019, Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3593, provided that:

"(a) General Rule.—Except as otherwise provided in this title, any amendment made by this title [see Tables for classification], shall take effect as if included in the provision of the Reform Act [Pub. L. 99–514] to which such amendment relates.

"(b) Waiver of Estimated Tax Penalties.—No addition to tax shall be made under section 6654 or 6655 of the 1986 Code for any period before April 16, 1989 (March 16, 1989 in the case of a taxpayer subject to section 6655 of the 1986 Code) with respect to any underpayment to the extent such underpayment was created or increased by any provision of this title or title II [see Tables for classification]."

Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, §6006(b), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3687, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1988."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §151, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2121, provided that:

"(a) General Rule.—Except as otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by this title [enacting section 67 of this title, amending this section, sections 3, 5, 15, 21, 32, 62, 63, 74, 85, 86, 102, 108, 117, 129, 151, 152, 164, 170, 172, 183, 213, 265, 274, 280A, 402, 441, 443, 527, 541, 613A, 642, 667, 861, 862, 901, 904, 1398, 1441, 2032A, 3121, 3231, 3306, 3401, 3402, 3507, 4941, 4945, 6012 to 6014, 6212, 6504, 6511, and 7871 of this title, and section 409 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, renumbering section 223 of this title as section 220 of this title, repealing sections 24, 221, 222, and 1301 to 1305 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 32 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.

"(b) Unemployment Compensation.—The amendment made by section 121 [amending section 85 of this title] shall apply to amounts received after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.

"(c) Prizes and Awards.—The amendments made by section 122 [amending sections 74, 102, 274, 3121, 3231, 3306, 3401, 4941, and 4945 of this title and section 409 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall apply to prizes and awards granted after December 31, 1986.

"(d) Scholarships.—The amendments made by section 123 [amending sections 74, 117, 1441, and 7871 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, but only in the case of scholarships and fellowships granted after August 16, 1986.

"(e) Parsonage and Military Housing Allowances.—The amendment made by section 144 [amending section 265 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning before, on, or after, December 31, 1986."

Pub. L. 99–514, title III, §302(b), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2218, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986."

Pub. L. 99–514, title XIV, §1411(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2716, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6103 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986."

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–448, title I, §109, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2391, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this title, any amendment made by this title [see Tables for classification] shall take effect as if it had been included in the provision of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 [Pub. L. 97–34, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172] to which such amendment relates."

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §101(f)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 185, as amended by Pub. L. 97–448, title I, §101(a)(1), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2365, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a), (c), and (d) [amending this section and sections 3, 21, 55, 541, and 1304 of this title and repealing section 1348 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1981; except that the amendment made by paragraph (3) of subsection (d) [amending section 21 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1981."

Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §104(e), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 190, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 63, 151, 6012, and 6013 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1984."

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–600, title I, §101(f)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2770, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) [amending sections 63, 402, 1302, and 6012 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1978."

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–30, title I, §106(a), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 141, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 101, 102, and 104 [amending this section and sections 3, 21, 42, 57, 63, 143, 161, 172, 211, 402, 441, 443, 511, 584, 613A, 641, 642, 667, 703, 861, 862, 873, 904, 911, 931, 1034, 1211, 1302, 6012, 6014, 6212, 6504, and 6654 of this title and repealing sections 36, 141, 142, 144, and 145 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1976."

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–172, title VIII, §803(f), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 685, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) [amending this section], (b) [amending section 2 of this title], and (d) (other than paragraphs (1) and (8)) [amending sections 5, 511, 632, 641, 1347, and 6015 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970, except that section 2(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] [section 2(c) of this title], as amended by subsection (b), shall also apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1969. The amendments made by subsections (c) [amending section 3 of this title], (d)(1) [amending section 6014 of this title], and (d)(8) [amending section 1304 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1969".

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–809, title I, §103(n), Nov. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 1555, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by this section (other than the amendments made by subsections (h), (i), and (k)) [enacting section 877 of this title, amending this section and sections 116, 154, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 932, 6015, and 7701 of this title, renumbering section 877 as 878, and repealing section 1493 of this title] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1966.

"(2) The amendments made by subsection (h) [amending section 1441 of this title] shall apply with respect to payments made in taxable years of recipients beginning after December 31, 1966.

"(3) The amendments made by subsection (i) [amending section 1461 of this title] shall apply with respect to payments occurring after December 31, 1966.

"(4) The amendments made by subsection (k) [amending section 3401 of this title] shall apply with respect to remuneration paid after December 31, 1966."

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–272, title I, §131, Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 30, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "Except for purposes of section 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (relating to effect of changes in rates during a taxable year), the amendments made by parts I and II of this title [amending this section and sections 2, 11, 37, 141, 144, 242, 821, 871, 963, 6016, 6074, 6154, 6212, 6504, and 6655 of this title] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1963."

Short Title of 2024 Amendment

Pub. L. 118–60, §1, May 10, 2024, 138 Stat. 1018, provided that: "This Act [amending section 9502 of this title] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2024, Part II'."

Pub. L. 118–41, §1, Mar. 8, 2024, 138 Stat. 20, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4043, 4081, 4083, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title, section 124n of Title 6, Domestic Security, sections 106, 41742, 41743, 44310, 44803, 44807, 44810, 47104, 47107, 47114, 47115, 47141, 47143, 48101 to 48103, and 48105 of Title 49, Transportation, and section 50905 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 42301 of Title 49 and provisions set out as notes under sections 40103, 41705, 41731, 42302, 44810, 47102, 47104, and 47141 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2024'."

Short Title of 2023 Amendment

Pub. L. 118–34, §1(a), Dec. 26, 2023, 137 Stat. 1112, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4043, 4081, 4083, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title, sections 106, 41742, 41743, 44310, 44803, 44807, 44810, 47104, 47107, 47114, 47115, 47141, 47143, 48101 to 48103, and 48105 of Title 49, Transportation, and section 50905 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 42301 of Title 49 and provisions set out as notes under sections 40103, 41705, 41731, 42302, 44810, 47102, 47104, and 47141 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2023, Part II'."

Short Title of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, §1(a), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5275, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022'."

Short Title of 2020 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–260, div. N, title II, §271(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1964, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§271–288) of title II of div. N of Pub. L. 116–260, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'COVID-related Tax Relief Act of 2020'."

Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, §1(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3038, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020'."

Short Title of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–94, div. O, §1(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3137, provided that: "This Act [div. O of Pub. L. 116–94, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019'."

Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title XIII, §1301, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3204, provided that: "This title [amending section 4975 of this title and section 1108 of Title 29, Labor, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 4975 of this title] may be cited as the 'Temporary Relief from Certain ERISA Requirements Act of 2020'."

Pub. L. 116–94, div. Q, §1(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3226, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2019'."

Pub. L. 116–25, §1(a), July 1, 2019, 133 Stat. 981, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Taxpayer First Act'."

Short Title of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–250, §1, Sept. 29, 2018, 132 Stat. 3164, provided that: "This Act [amending section 9502 of this title] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2018, Part II'."

Pub. L. 115–141, div. M, title I, §1, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1046, provided that: "This title [amending sections 4081, 4083, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 41742, 41743, 44506, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47124, 47141, and 48101 to 48103 of Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 42301 of Title 49 and provisions set out as notes under sections 41731 and 47141 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, §1(a), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1159, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Technical Corrections Act of 2018'."

Short Title of 2017 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–63, §1(a), Sept. 29, 2017, 131 Stat. 1168, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4083, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title, sections 254c–3, 256h, 256i, and 1395iii of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 106, 41742, 41743, 47104, 47107, 47114, 47115, 47124, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 48114 of Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1395l of Title 42, provisions set out as a note preceding section 42301 of Title 49, and provisions set out as notes under sections 41731 and 47141 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Disaster Tax Relief and Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2017'."

Short Title of 2016 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–239, §1, Oct. 7, 2016, 130 Stat. 973, provided that: "This Act [amending section 74 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 74 of this title] may be cited as the 'United States Appreciation for Olympians and Paralympians Act of 2016'."

Pub. L. 114–184, §1, June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 536, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 6103 and 7213 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 6103 of this title] may be cited as the 'Recovering Missing Children Act'."

Pub. L. 114–141, §1(a), Mar. 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 322, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4083, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 41742, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47124, 47141, and 48101 to 48103 of Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 42301 of Title 49 and provisions set out as notes under sections 41731 and 47141 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2016'."

Short Title of 2015 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, §1(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3040, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–74, §1(a), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 584, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–55, §1(a), Sept. 30, 2015, 129 Stat. 522, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4083, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title, sections 106, 41742, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47124, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 48114 of Title 49, Transportation, and section 50905 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 42301 of Title 49 and provisions set out as notes under sections 41731 and 47141 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–26, §1, June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 319, provided that: "This Act [probably means sections 1 to 3 of Pub. L. 114–26, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act'."

Pub. L. 114–14, §1, May 22, 2015, 129 Stat. 198, provided that: "This Act [amending section 104 of this title] may be cited as the 'Don't Tax Our Fallen Public Safety Heroes Act'."

Short Title of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, §1(a), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4010, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014'."

Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §201, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4024, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Technical Corrections Act of 2014'."

Pub. L. 113–295, div. B, §1(a), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4056, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Stephen Beck, Jr., Achieving a Better Life Experience Act of 2014' or the 'Stephen Beck, Jr., ABLE Act of 2014'."

Pub. L. 113–168, §1, Sept. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 1883, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 139E of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 139E of this title] may be cited as the 'Tribal General Welfare Exclusion Act of 2014'."

Pub. L. 113–94, §1, Apr. 3, 2014, 128 Stat. 1085, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 9006, 9008, 9009, 9012, and 9037 of this title and sections 282 and 282a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 282a of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act'."

Short Title of 2013 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–240, §1(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2313, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012'."

Short Title of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–141, div. D, §40001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 844, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Highway Investment, Job Creation, and Economic Growth Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–96, §1(a), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 156, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–96, title II, §2001, Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 159, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 505 and 1111 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 3304 and 3306 of this title, section 503 of Title 42, and section 352 of Title 45, Railroads, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 3304 and 3306 of this title, and sections 503 and 1111 of Title 42, amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Extended Benefits, Reemployment, and Program Integrity Improvement Act'."

Pub. L. 112–96, title II, §2121, Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 163, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§2121–2124) of title II of Pub. L. 112–96, amending section 352 of Title 45, Railroads, and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Unemployment Benefits Extension Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–96, title II, §2160, Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 171, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle D (§§2160–2166) of title II of Pub. L. 112–96, amending sections 3304 and 3306 of this title and section 503 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3304 and 3306 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Layoff Prevention Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–91, §1, Jan. 31, 2012, 126 Stat. 3, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 40117, 41742, 41743, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 41731 and 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2012'."

Short Title of 2011 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–78, §1(a), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1280, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 4547 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, amending section 645 of Title 2, The Congress, section 1709 of Title 12, sections 1395l, 1395m, 1395w–4, 1396a, 1396r–6, and 1396u–3 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 352 of Title 45, Railroads, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1401 and 3304 of this title, section 1709 of Title 12, and section 1395ww of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1401 and 3304 of this title and sections 1395m, 1395w–4, and 1395ww of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011'."

Pub. L. 112–56, title I, §101, Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 712, provided that: "This title [amending section 3402 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3402 of this title] may be cited as the '3% Withholding Repeal and Job Creation Act'."

Pub. L. 112–30, title II, §201, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 357, provided that: "This title [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271 and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 40117, 41742, 41743, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 41731 and 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part V'."

Pub. L. 112–27, §1, Aug. 5, 2011, 125 Stat. 270, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271 and 9502 of this title and sections 40117, 41731, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part IV'."

Pub. L. 112–21, §1, June 29, 2011, 125 Stat. 233, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271 and 9502 of this title and sections 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part III'."

Pub. L. 112–16, §1, May 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 218, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part II'."

Pub. L. 112–9, §1, Apr. 14, 2011, 125 Stat. 36, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 36B and 6041 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 36B and 6041 of this title] may be cited as the 'Comprehensive 1099 Taxpayer Protection and Repayment of Exchange Subsidy Overpayments Act of 2011'."

Pub. L. 112–7, §1, Mar. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 31, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271 and 9502 of this title and sections 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011'."

Short Title of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–329, §1, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3566, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part IV'."

Pub. L. 111–325, §1(a), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3537, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 267, 302, 316, 562, 851, 852, 853, 853A, 854, 855, 860, 871, 1212, and 4982 of this title, repealing section 6697 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 267, 316, 562, 851, 852, 854, 855, 860, 1212, and 4982 of this title] may be cited as the 'Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–312, §1(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3296, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–249, §1, Sept. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 2627, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 1135, 40117, 41743, 44302, 44303, 44703, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and sections 1135 and 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 41731, 44701, and 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III'."

Pub. L. 111–240, title II, §2001, Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2553, provided that: "This title [amending sections 38 to 40, 55, 72, 162, 168, 179, 195, 280F, 402A, 460, 861, 862, 864, 1202, 1374, 1400L, 1400N, 6041, 6330, 6707A, 6721, and 6722 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 38 to 40, 72, 162, 168, 179, 195, 280F, 402A, 460, 861, 1202, 1374, 6041, 6330, 6655, 6662A, 6707A, and 6721 of this title] may be cited as the 'Creating Small Business Jobs Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–237, §1, Aug. 16, 2010, 124 Stat. 2497, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 6201, 6213, 6302, and 6501 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 6201, 6302, and 6655 of this title] may be cited as the 'Firearms Excise Tax Improvement Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–226, §1, Aug. 10, 2010, 124 Stat. 2389, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 909 of this title, amending sections 32, 304, 861, 864, 871, 901, 904, 960, 2104, 6012, 6051, 6302, and 6501 of this title and section 1396r–8 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing section 3507 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 32, 304, 861, 864, 901, 904, 909, 960, and 6501 of this title and section 1396r–8 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1396d of Title 42] may be cited as the '________Act of________'. [sic]"

Pub. L. 111–205, §1, July 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 2236, provided that: "This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–198, §1, July 2, 2010, 124 Stat. 1356, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 36, 6103, and 6657 of this title, section 1187 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, and section 2131 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 36, 6103, and 6657 of this title] may be cited as the 'Homebuyer Assistance and Improvement Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–197, §1, July 2, 2010, 124 Stat. 1353, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part II'."

Pub. L. 111–161, §1, Apr. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 1126, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–159, §1, Apr. 26, 2010, 124 Stat. 1123, provided that: "This Act [amending section 5000A of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5000A of this title] may be cited as the 'TRICARE Affirmation Act'."

Pub. L. 111–157, §1, Apr. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 1116, provided that: "This Act [amending section 119 of Title 17, Copyrights, sections 1395w–4 and 1396b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 325 of Title 47, Telecommunications, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3304 and 6432 of this title and section 1395w–4 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 3304 and 6432 of this title and section 119 of Title 17] may be cited as the 'Continuing Extension Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–153, §1, Mar. 31, 2010, 124 Stat. 1084, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–147, §1(a), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 71, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 4 and section 6038D of this title, amending sections 51, 54F, 149, 163, 165, 179, 643, 679, 864, 871, 881, 1287, 1291, 1298, 3111, 3221, 4701, 6011, 6048, 6229, 6414, 6431, 6501, 6513, 6611, 6662, 6677, 6724, and 9502 to 9504 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 405 and 410 of Title 23, Highways, section 3121 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 38, 51, 54F, 149, 179, 643, 679, 864, 871, 1291, 6011, 6038D, 6048, 6229, 6431, 6655, 6662, 6677, 9502, and 9503 of this title and section 101 of Title 23, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 901 of Title 2, The Congress, sections 402, 403, and 405 of Title 23, and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, 31301, and 31309 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act'."

Pub. L. 111–144, §1, Mar. 2, 2010, 124 Stat. 42, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 35, 139C, 6432, and 6720C of this title, section 119 of Title 17, Copyrights, sections 1395l and 1395w–4 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 325 of Title 47, Telecommunications, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 6432 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 3304 and 6432 of this title and section 119 of Title 17] may be cited as the 'Temporary Extension Act of 2010'."

Short Title of 2009 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–116, §1, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3031, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Fiscal Year 2010 Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act, Part II'."

Pub. L. 111–92, §1, Nov. 6, 2009, 123 Stat. 2984, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 36, 56, 132, 172, 810, 864, 1400C, 3301, 6011, 6213, 6698, and 6699 of this title, section 1103 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 352 of Title 45, Railroads, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 36, 56, 132, 172, 864, 3301, 3304, 6011, 6213, 6655, and 6698 of this title and section 1103 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Worker, Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009'."

Pub. L. 111–69, §1, Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2054, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 40117, 41743, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 41731 and 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Fiscal Year 2010 Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act'."

Pub. L. 111–42, title II, §201, July 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 1964, provided that: "This title [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 6655 of this title] may be cited as the 'Corporate Estimated Tax Shift Act of 2009'."

Pub. L. 111–12, §1, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1457, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2009'."

Pub. L. 111–5, §1, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 115, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009'."

Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §1000(a), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 306, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009'."

Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §1899, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 423, provided that: "This part [part VI (§§1899–1899L) of subtitle I of title I of div. B of Pub. L. 111–5, amending sections 35, 4980B, 7527, and 9801 of this title, sections 1162, 1181, 2918, and 2919 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 300bb–2 and 300gg of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 35, 4980B, 7527, and 9801 of this title] may be cited as the 'TAA Health Coverage Improvement Act of 2009'."

Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title II, §2000(a), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 436, provided that: "This title [amending sections 603, 604, 607, 1103, 1308, and 1322 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 352 of Title 45, Railroads, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3304 and 6428 of this title and sections 603, 607, 655, 1103, and 1308 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Assistance for Unemployed Workers and Struggling Families Act'."

Short Title of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–449, §1, Nov. 21, 2008, 122 Stat. 5014, provided that: "This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–428, §1, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4839, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 6103 and 7803 of this title and section 376 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 6103 and 7207 of this title and section 376 of Title 28] may be cited as the 'Inmate Tax Fraud Prevention Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–343, div. B, §1(a), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3807, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–343, div. C, §1(a), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3861, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–343, div. C, title VII, §701, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3912, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§701–704) of title VII of div. C of Pub. L. 110–343, amending section 6033 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 6033 of this title] may be cited as the 'Heartland Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–330, §1, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3717, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 106, 40117, 41743, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 40117 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 41731 and 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2008, Part II'."

Pub. L. 110–289, div. C, §3000(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2877, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Housing Assistance Tax Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–253, §1, June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2417, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 40117, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47115, 47141, and 48103 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 47104 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–245, §1(a), June 17, 2008, 122 Stat. 1624, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 15 and sections 45P and 877A of this title, amending sections 32, 38, 72, 121, 125, 134, 143, 219, 280C, 401, 403, 404, 408A, 414, 457, 530, 877, 3121, 3306, 3401, 6039G, 6103, 6428, 6511, 6651, 7701, and 9812 of this title, section 1185a of Title 29, Labor, and sections 300gg–5, 409, 410, 1382a, and 1382b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 32, 38, 72, 121, 125, 134, 143, 219, 401, 408A, 414, 3121, 3401, 6103, 6428, 6511, and 6651 of this title and section 1382a of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Heroes Earnings Assistance and Relief Tax Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–234, title XV, §15001(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1484, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XV, §15001(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2246, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Heartland, Habitat, Harvest, and Horticulture Act of 2008'."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.]

Pub. L. 110–190, §1, Feb. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 643, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4081, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and sections 47104 and 48103 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4081 and 9502 of this title and section 41731 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 41731 and 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–185, §1(a), Feb. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 613, provided that: "This Act [amending this section, sections 168, 179, 1400L, 1400N, 6211, 6213, and 6428 of this title, and section 1324 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 168, 179, and 6428 of this title] may be cited as the 'Economic Stimulus Act of 2008'."

Short Title of 2007 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–172, §1(a), Dec. 29, 2007, 121 Stat. 2473, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Technical Corrections Act of 2007'."

Pub. L. 110–166, §1, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2461, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 26 and 55 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 26 and 55 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2007'."

Pub. L. 110–142, §1, Dec. 20, 2007, 121 Stat. 1803, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 139B and 6699 of this title, amending sections 42, 108, 121, 163, 216, 6103, and 6698 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 42, 108, 121, 139B, 163, 216, 6103, 6655, 6698, and 6699 of this title] may be cited as the 'Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007'."

Pub. L. 110–28, title VIII, §8201(a), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 190, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§8201–8248) of title VIII of Pub. L. 110–28, enacting section 6676 of this title, amending this section, sections 38, 45B, 51, 179, 641, 761, 1361, 1362, 1368, 1400N, 1402, 6060, 6103, 6107, 6l09, 6330, 6404, 6503, 6657, 6694 to 6696, 7407, 7427, 7528, and 7701 of this title, and section 411 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 38, 45B, 51, 179, 641, 761, 1361, 1362, 6060, 6330, 6404, 6657, and 6676 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 6655 of this title] may be cited as the 'Small Business and Work Opportunity Tax Act of 2007'."

Short Title of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–432, §1(a), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2922, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006'."

Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title III, §301, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2948, provided that: "This title [amending sections 106, 223, 408, and 4980G of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 106, 223, and 4980G of this title] may be cited as the 'Health Opportunity Patient Empowerment Act of 2006'."

Pub. L. 109–227, §1, May 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 385, provided that: "This Act [amending section 219 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 219 of this title] may be cited as the 'Heroes Earned Retirement Opportunities Act'."

Pub. L. 109–222, §1(a), May 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 345, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 4965 of this title, amending this section and sections 26, 54, 55, 142 to 144, 148, 149, 163, 167, 170, 179, 199, 355, 408A, 468B, 852, 871, 897, 911, 953, 954, 1221, 1355, 1445, 3402, 6011, 6033, 6049, 6159, 6652, 7122, and 7872 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 26, 54 to 56, 142, 143, 163, 167, 170, 199, 355, 408A, 468B, 852, 897, 911, 954, 1355, 3402, 4965, 6049, 6159, and 6655 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 56 and 114 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005'."

Short Title of 2005 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–135, §1(a), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2577, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Gulf Opportunity Zone Act of 2005'."

Pub. L. 109–135, title IV, §401, Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2610, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§401–413) of title IV of Pub. L. 109–135, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Technical Corrections Act of 2005'."

Pub. L. 109–73, §1(a), Sept. 23, 2005, 119 Stat. 2016, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 170 and 7508 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 170 and 7508 of this title] may be cited as the 'Katrina Emergency Tax Relief Act of 2005'."

Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII, §1300(a), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 986, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Energy Tax Incentives Act of 2005'."

Short Title of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–357, §1(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1418, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'American Jobs Creation Act of 2004'."

Pub. L. 108–311, §1(a), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1166, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Working Families Tax Relief Act of 2004'."

Short Title of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–121, §1(a), Nov. 11, 2003, 117 Stat. 1335, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 5, 62, 101, 121, 132, 134, 162, 501, 530, 692, 2201, 3121, 3306, 3401, 6013, and 7508 of this title, section 1478 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 58c of Title 19, Customs Duties, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5, 62, 101, 121, 132, 134, 501, 530, 2201, and 7508 of this title and section 1478 of Title 10] may be cited as the 'Military Family Tax Relief Act of 2003'."

Pub. L. 108–27, §1(a), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 752, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 6429 of this title and section 801 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending this section, sections 24, 55, 57, 63, 163, 168, 179, 301, 306, 338, 467, 531, 541, 584, 702, 854, 857, 1255, 1257, 1400L, 1445, and 7518 of this title, and section 1177 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, repealing section 341 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 24, 55, 63, 168, and 179 of this title, and section 1396d of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003'."

Pub. L. 108–26, §1, May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 751, provided that: "This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 2003'."

Short Title of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–358, §1, Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 3015, provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Holocaust Restitution Tax Fairness Act of 2002'."

Pub. L. 107–181, §1, May 20, 2002, 116 Stat. 583, provided that: "This Act [amending section 107 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 107 of this title] may be cited as the 'Clergy Housing Allowance Clarification Act of 2002'."

Pub. L. 107–147, §1(a), Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 21, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002'."

Pub. L. 107–134, §1(a), Jan. 23, 2002, 115 Stat. 2427, provided that: This Act [enacting sections 139 and 5891 of this title and section 1148 of Title 29, Labor, amending sections 5, 101, 104, 140, 642, 692, 2011, 2053, 2201, 6013, 6081, 6103, 6105, 6161, 6404, 7213, 7508, and 7508A of this title and section 1302 of Title 29, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 101, 108, 139, 501, 642, 692, 2011, 5891, 6081, and 6103 of this title, section 401 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 40101 of Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 40101 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Victims of Terrorism Tax Relief Act of 2001'."

Short Title of 2001 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–16, §1(a), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 38, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001'."

Pub. L. 107–15, §1, June 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 37, provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 101 of this title] may be cited as the 'Fallen Hero Survivor Benefit Fairness Act of 2001'."

Short Title of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–573, §1, Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3061, provided that: "This Act [amending section 453 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 453 of this title] may be cited as the 'Installment Tax Correction Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [§1(a)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-587, provided that: "This Act [H.R. 5662, as enacted by section 1(a)(7) of Pub. L. 106–554, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 106–519, §1(a), Nov. 15, 2000, 114 Stat. 2423, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 114 and 941 to 943 of this title, amending sections 56, 275, 864, 903 and 999 of this title, and repealing sections 921 to 927 of this title] may be cited as the 'FSC Repeal and Extraterritorial Income Exclusion Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 106–476, title IV, §4001, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2176, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 1681 to 1681b of Title 19, Customs Duties, amending sections 5704, 5754, and 5761 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5704 and 5761 of this title and section 1681 of Title 19] may be cited as the 'Imported Cigarette Compliance Act of 2000'."

Short Title of 1999 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–170, title V, §500, Dec. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 1918, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Relief Extension Act of 1999'."

Short Title of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, §1000(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–886, provided that: "This division [§§1000–5301, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax and Trade Relief Extension Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title XV, §1501, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–741, provided that: "This title [amending sections 4132 and 9510 of this title and section 300aa–11 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4132 and 9510 of this title] may be cited as the 'Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Modification Act'."

Pub. L. 105–206, §1(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 685, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 105–206, title III, §3000, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 726, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Taxpayer Bill of Rights 3'."

Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6001(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 790, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Technical Corrections Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 105–178, title IX, §9001(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 499, provided that: "This title [amending sections 40, 132, 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4091, 4221, 4481 to 4483, 6156, 6412, 6421, 6427, 9503, and 9504 of this title and section 460l–11 of Title 16, Conservation, repealing section 9511 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 40, 132, 172, 4041, 6421, and 9503 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 172 of this title] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Revenue Act of 1998'."

Short Title of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–35, §1, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1104, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 7213A of this title, amending sections 7213 and 7431 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 7213 and 7431 of this title] may be cited as the 'Taxpayer Browsing Protection Act'."

Pub. L. 105–34, §1(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 788, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997'."

Pub. L. 105–2, §1(a), Feb. 28, 1997, 111 Stat. 4, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4041, 4081, 4091, 4261, 4271, and 9502 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4041, 4081, and 4261 of this title] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Trust Fund Tax Reinstatement Act of 1997'."

Short Title of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–188, §1(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1755, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996'."

Pub. L. 104–168, §1(a), July 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 1452, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 4958, 7434, 7435, and 7524 of this title, amending sections 501, 4955, 4963, 6013, 6033, 6041 to 6042, 6044, 6045, 6049, 6050B, 6050H to 6050K, 6050N, 6103, 6104, 6159, 6201, 6213, 6323, 6334, 6343, 6404, 6503, 6601, 6651, 6652, 6656, 6672, 6685, 7122, 7213, 7422, 7430, 7433, 7454, 7502, 7608, 7609, 7623, 7802, 7805, and 7811 of this title, renumbering sections 7434 and 7435 as sections 7435 and 7436 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 501, 4955, 6013, 6033, 6041, 6103, 6104, 6159, 6201, 6311, 6323, 6334, 6404, 6503, 6601, 6651, 6652, 6656, 6672, 7122, 7430, 7433 to 7435, 7524, 7608, 7609, 7623, 7802, 7803, 7805, and 7811 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 7608 of this title] may be cited as the 'Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2'."

Short Title of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–465, title VII, §750, Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 5012, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle F (§§750–781) of title VII of Pub. L. 103–465, enacting sections 1310, 1311, and 1350 of Title 29, Labor, amending sections 401, 404, 411, 412, 415, 417, 4971, and 4972 of this title and sections 1053 to 1056, 1082, 1132, 1301, 1303, 1305, 1306, 1322, 1341, 1342, and 1343 of Title 29, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 401, 411, 412, and 4972 of this title and sections 1056, 1082, 1303, 1306, 1310, 1311, 1322, 1341, and 1342 of Title 29] may be cited as the 'Retirement Protection Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–387, §1, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4071, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 3510 of this title, amending sections 3102 and 3121 of this title, section 3701 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 401, 402, 404, 409, 410, and 1383 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3102 and 3510 of this title, section 3701 of Title 31, and sections 401, 402, and 1383 of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Social Security Domestic Employment Reform Act of 1994'."

Short Title of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–152, §1, Nov. 24, 1993, 107 Stat. 1516, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 503, 504, 1105, 1108, and 1382j of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title and sections 503 and 1382j of Title 42, amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title and section 352 of Title 45, Railroads, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1993'."

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13001(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 416, provided that: "This chapter [chapter 1 (§§13001–13444) of title XIII of Pub. L. 103–66, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993'."

Pub. L. 103–6, §1, Mar. 4, 1993, 107 Stat. 33, provided that: "This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title, section 31 of Title 2, The Congress, and section 352 of Title 45, Railroads, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title and section 352 of Title 45] may be cited as the 'Emergency Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1993'."

Short Title of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–486, title XIX, §19141, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3036, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (§§19141–19143) of title XIX of Pub. L. 102–486, enacting sections 9701 to 9722 of this title, amending sections 1231 and 1232 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Coal Industry Retiree Health Benefit Act of 1992'."

Pub. L. 102–318, §1, July 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 290, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 1110 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 55, 62, 72, 151, 219, 401 to 404, 406 to 408, 411, 414, 415, 457, 691, 871, 877, 1441, 3121, 3304, 3306, 3402, 3405, 4973, 4980A, 6047, 6652, 6655, and 7701 of this title, section 8509 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, section 2291 of Title 19, Customs Duties, and sections 502, 503, 1101, 1102, 1104, and 1105 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 401, 402, 3302, 3304, and 6655 of this title, section 8509 of Title 5, section 2291 of Title 19, and sections 502, 666, 1102, and 1108 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title, sections 502 and 666 of Title 42, and section 352 of Title 45, Railroads] may be cited as the 'Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1992'."

Short Title of 1991 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–240, title VIII, §8001(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2203, provided that: "This title [enacting section 9511 of this title, amending sections 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4091, 4221, 4481, 4482, 4483, 6156, 6412, 6420, 6421, 6427, 9503, and 9504 of this title and section 460l–11 of Title 16, Conservation, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 9503 of this title, section 101 of Title 23, Highways, and section 1601 of former Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Revenue Act of 1991'."

Pub. L. 102–227, §1(a), Dec. 11, 1991, 105 Stat. 1686, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 25, 28, 41, 42, 48, 51, 57, 120, 127, 143, 144, 162, 864, and 6655 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 25, 28, 42, 51, 120, 127, 143, 144, 162, 864, and 6655 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Extension Act of 1991'."

Short Title of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11001(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–400, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990'."

Short Title of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7001(a), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2301, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1989'."

Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7701, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2388, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle G (§§7701–7743) of title VII of Pub. L. 101–239, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Improved Penalty Administration and Compliance Tax Act'."

Short Title of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–647, §1(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3342, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988'."

Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, §6226, Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3730, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle J (§§6226–6247) of title VI of Pub. L. 100–647, enacting sections 6159, 6326, 6712, 7430, 7432, 7433, 7520, 7521, and 7811 of this title, amending sections 6213, 6214, 6331, 6332, 6334, 6335, 6343, 6404, 6512, 6601, 6673, 6863, 7216, 7429, 7481, 7482, 7802, and 7805 of this title and section 504 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, renumbering section 6326 as 6327, 7432 as 7433, and 7433 as 7434 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 6159, 6213, 6214, 6326, 6331, 6404, 6512, 6673, 6712, 6863, 7429, 7430, 7432, 7520, 7521, 7605, 7801 to 7803, 7805, and 7811 of this title] may be cited as the 'Omnibus Taxpayer Bill of Rights'."

Short Title of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–223, title IV, §401, Dec. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 1532, provided that: "This title [enacting section 4283 of this title, amending sections 4041, 4261, 4271, 6427, and 9502 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4041 and 4261 of this title] may be cited as the 'Airport and Airway Revenue Act of 1987'."

Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, §9302(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–333, provided that: "This part [part II (§§9302–9346) of subtitle D of part II of Pub. L. 100–203, enacting sections 1085b and 1371 of Title 29, Labor, amending sections 401, 404, 411, 412, 414, and 4971 of this title and sections 1021, 1023, 1024, 1054, 1082 to 1084, 1085a, 1086, 1103, 1107, 1113, 1132, 1201, 1301, 1305 to 1307, 1322, 1341, 1342, 1344, 1349, 1362, 1364, 1367, and 1368 of Title 29, repealing section 1349 of Title 29, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 401, 404, 412, and 4971 of this title and sections 1054, 1107, 1132, 1301, 1305, 1322, and 1344 of Title 29] may be cited as the 'Pension Protection Act'."

Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10000(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–382, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Revenue Act of 1987'."

Pub. L. 100–17, title V, §501, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 256, provided that: "This title [amending sections 4041, 4051, 4052, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4481, 4482, 4483, 6156, 6412, 6420, 6421, 6427, and 9503 of this title and section 460l–11 of Title 16, Conservation, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4052 and 4481 of this title] may be cited as the 'Highway Revenue Act of 1987'."

Short Title of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–662, title XIV, §1401, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4266, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 4461, 4462, 9505, and 9506 of this title and section 988a of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, amending section 4042 of this title and sections 984 and 1804 of Title 33, repealing sections 1801 and 1802 of Title 33, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4042, 4461, 9505, and 9506 of this title and sections 984 and 988 of Title 33] may be cited as the 'Harbor Maintenance Revenue Act of 1986'."

Pub. L. 99–514, §1(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Reform Act of 1986'."

Pub. L. 99–499, title V, §501, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1760, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 59A, 4671, 4672, 9507, and 9508 of this title, amending sections 26, 164, 275, 936, 1561, 4041, 4042, 4081, 4221, 4611, 4612, 4661, 4662, 6154, 6416, 6420, 6421, 6425, 6427, 6655, 9502, 9503, and 9506 of this title and section 9601 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 4681 and 4682 of this title and sections 9631 to 9633, 9641, and 9653 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 26, 4041, 4611, 4661, 4671, 4681, 9507, and 9508 of this title] may be cited as the 'Superfund Revenue Act of 1986'."

Short Title of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–369, §1(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 494, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Deficit Reduction Act of 1984'."

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A (§§5–1082), §5(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 494, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Reform Act of 1984'."

Short Title of 1983 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–135, §1, Oct. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 857, provided that: "This Act [amending section 3306 of this title and sections 1323 and 1397b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3304 and 3306 of this title and section 1323 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Supplemental Compensation Amendments of 1983'."

Pub. L. 98–76, title II, §201, Aug. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 419, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 3321 to 3323 and 6050G of this title, amending sections 72, 86, 105, 3201, 3202, 3211, 3221, 3231, 6157, 6201, 6317, 6513, and 6601 of this title and section 430 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 72, 105, 3201, 3321, and 6302 of this title and section 231n of Title 45, Railroads] may be cited as the 'Railroad Retirement Revenue Act of 1983'."

Pub. L. 98–67, title I, §101(a), Aug. 5, 1983, 97 Stat. 369, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 3406 and 6705 of this title, amending sections 31, 274, 275, 643, 661, 3402, 3403, 3502, 3507, 6011, 6013, 6015, 6042, 6044, 6049, 6051, 6365, 6401, 6413, 6652, 6653, 6654, 6676, 6678, 6682, 7205, 7215, 7431, 7654, and 7701 of this title, repealing sections 3451 to 3456 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 31, 3451, and 6011 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 3451 of this title] may be cited as the 'Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983'."

Pub. L. 97–473, title II, §201, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2607, provided that: "This title [enacting section 7871 of this title, amending sections 41, 103, 164, 170, 2055, 2106, 2522, 4227, 4484, 6420, 6421, 6424, 6427, and 7701 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 7871 of this title] may be cited as the 'Indian Tribal Governmental Tax Status Act of 1982'."

Pub. L. 97–448, §1(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2365, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Technical Corrections Act of 1982'."

Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §501(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2168, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Highway Revenue Act of 1982'."

Short Title of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–362, §1(a), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1726, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8509 and 8521 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 48, 172, 4401, 4411, 6051, 7447, 7448, 7456, 7459, and 7463 of this title, and section 601 of former Title 46, Shipping, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8509 and 8521 of Title 5 and sections 48, 172, 336, 4401, 4411, 6051, 7448, and 7463 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 2291 of Title 19, Customs Duties, and section 3306 of this title] may be cited as the 'Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1982'."

Pub. L. 97–354, §1(a), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1669, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 1361 to 1363, 1366 to 1368, 1371 to 1375, 1377 to 1379, and 6241 to 6245 of this title, amending sections 29, 31, 40, 41, 46, 48, 50A, 50B, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 62, 108, 163, 168, 170, 172, 179, 183, 189, 194, 267, 280, 280A, 291, 447, 464, 465, 613A, 992, 1016, 1101, 1212, 1251, 1254, 1256, 3453, 3454, 4992, 4996, 6037, 6042, 6362, and 6661 of this title and section 1108 of Title 29, Labor, omitting section 1376 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1361 of this title] may be cited as the 'Subchapter S Revision Act of 1982'."

Pub. L. 97–248, §1(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 324, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982'."

Pub. L. 97–248, title IV, §401, Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 648, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 6046A and 6221 to 6232 of this title and section 1508 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, amending sections 702, 6031, 6213, 6216, 6422, 6501, 6504, 6511, 6512, 6515, 6679, 7422, 7451, 7456, 7459, 7482, and 7485 of this title and section 1346 of Title 28, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 6031, 6046A, 6221, and 6231 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Treatment of Partnership Items Act of 1982'."

Short Title of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–119, title I, §101(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1635, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§101–104) of title I of Pub. L. 97–119, enacting sections 9500, 9501, 9601, and 9602 of this title, amending sections 501 and 4121 of this title and sections 902, 925, 932, and 934 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, repealing section 934a of Title 30, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4121 and 9501 of this title and section 934 of Title 30] may be cited as the 'Black Lung Benefits Revenue Act of 1981'."

Pub. L. 97–34, §1(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981'."

Short Title of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–605, §1(a), Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3521, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 66 and 195 of this title, amending sections 48, 105, 125, 274, 401, 408, 409A, 410, 414, 415, 501, 513, 514, 528, 861, 871, and 2055 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 48, 66, 119, 125, 195, 274, 401, 409A, 414, 415, 501, 513, 514, 528, 861, 871, 2055, 3121, and 7701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1980'."

Pub. L. 96–589, §1(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3389, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 370, 1398, 1399, 6658, and 7464 of this title, redesignating former section 7464 of this title as 7465, amending sections 108, 111, 118, 128, 302, 312, 337, 351, 354, 355, 357, 368, 381, 382, 422, 443, 542, 703, 1017, 1023, 1371, 3302, 6012, 6036, 6103, 6155, 6161, 6212, 6213, 6216, 6326, 6404, 6503, 6512, 6532, 6871, 6872, 6873, 7430, and 7508 of this title, repealing section 1018 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 108 of this title] may be cited as the 'Bankruptcy Tax Act of 1980'."

Pub. L. 96–510, title II, §201(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2796, provided that: "This title [enacting chapter 38 of this title, sections 9631 to 9641 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and provisions set out as a note under section 4611 of this title] may be cited as the 'Hazardous Substance Response Revenue Act of 1980'."

Pub. L. 96–499, title XI, §1100, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2660, provided: "This title [enacting sections 103A, 280D, 897, 6039C, and 6429 of this title, amending sections 103, 861, 871, 882, 3121, 3306, 4251, 6652, and 6655 of this title and section 409 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1, 103A, 280D, 897, 3121, and 6655 of this title] may be cited as the 'Revenue Adjustments Act of 1980'."

Pub. L. 96–499, title XI, subtitle A (§§1101–1104), §1101, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2660, provided: "This subtitle [enacting section 103A of this title, amending section 103 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 103A of this title] may be cited as the 'Mortgage Subsidy Bond Tax Act of 1980'."

Pub. L. 96–499, title XI, §1121, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2682, provided: "This subtitle [subtitle C (§§1121–1125) of title XI of Pub. L. 96–499, enacting sections 897 and 6039C of this title, amending sections 861, 871, 882, and 6652 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 897 of this title] may be cited as the 'Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980'."

Pub. L. 96–471, §1(a), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2247, provided: "This Act [enacting sections 453 to 453B of this title, amending sections 311, 336, 337, 381, former section 453, sections 453B, 481, 644, 691, 1038, 1239, and 1255 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 453, 691, and 1038 of this title] may be cited as the 'Installment Sales Revision Act of 1980'."

Pub. L. 96–283, title IV, §401, June 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 582, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 4495 to 4498 of this title and sections 1472, 1473 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and enacting provision set out as a note under section 4495 of this title] may be cited as the 'Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Removal Tax Act of 1979'."

Pub. L. 96–223, §1(a) Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 229, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980'."

Pub. L. 96–222, §1(a), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 194, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Technical Corrections Act of 1979'."

Short Title of 1979 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–39, title VIII, §801(a), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 273, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§801–810) of title VIII of Pub. L. 96–39, amending sections 5001, 5002 to 5008, 5043, 5061, 5064, 5066, 5116, 5171 to 5173, 5175 to 5178, 5180, 5181, 5201 to 5205, 5207, 5211 to 5215, 5221 to 5223, 5231, 5232, 5235, 5241, 5273, 5291, 5301, 5352, 5361 to 5363, 5365, 5381, 5391, 5551, 5601, 5604, 5610, 5612, 5615, 5663, 5681, 5682, and 5691 of this title, repealing sections 5009, 5021 to 5026, 5081 to 5084, 5174, 5233, 5234, 5251, 5252, 5364, and 5521 to 5523 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5001, 5061, 5171, and 5173 of this title] may be cited as the 'Distilled Spirits Tax Revision Act of 1979'."

Short Title of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–618, §1(a), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3174, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 44C, 124, and 4064 of this title, amending sections 39, 46 to 48, 56, 57, 167, 263, 465, 613, 613A, 614, 751, 1016, 1254, 4041, 4063, 4081, 4092, 4093, 4217, 4221, 4222, 4293, 4483, 6096, 6401, 6412, 6416, 6421, 6424, 6427, 6504, and 6675 of this title, redesignating section 124 of this title as section 125, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 39, 44C, 48, 124, 167, 263, 613, 613A, 4041, 4063, 4064, 4081, 4093, and 4221 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 57 of this title and section 120 of Title 23, Highways] may be cited as the 'Energy Tax Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 95–615, §1, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3097, provided that: "This Act [probably meaning sections 1 to 8 of Pub. L. 95–615, amending section 167 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 61, 62, and 911 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 117, 167, 382, 401, and 911 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Treatment Extension Act of 1977'."

Pub. L. 95–615, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3098, provided that: "This Act [probably meaning sections 201 to 210 of Pub. L. 95–615, enacting section 913 of this title, amending sections 43, 62, 119, 217, 911, 1034, 1302, 1304, 1402, 3401, 6011, 6012, and 6091 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 61, 401, and 911 of this title] may be cited as the 'Foreign Earned Income Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 95–600, §1(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2763, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Revenue Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 95–502, title II, §201, Oct. 21, 1978, 92 Stat. 1696, provided that: "This title [enacting section 4042 of this title and sections 1801 to 1804 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, amending section 4293 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 4042 of this title] may be cited as the 'Inland Waterways Revenue Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 95–227, §1, Feb. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 11, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 192, 4121, and 4951 to 4953 of this title and section 934a of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, amended sections 501, 4218, 4221, 4293, 4946, 6104, 6213, 6405, 6416, 6501, 6503, and 7454 of this title and section 934 of Title 30 and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 192 and 4121 of this title and section 934 of Title 30] may be cited as the 'Black Lung Benefits Revenue Act of 1977'."

Short Title of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–30, §1(a), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 126, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977'."

Pub. L. 95–19, §1, Apr. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 39, provided that: "This Act [amending section 3304 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3302, 3304, and 3309 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 3302, 3304, and 3309 of this title and sections 359 and 360 of Title 2, The Congress] may be cited as the 'Emergency Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 1977'."

Short Title of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–455, title I, §101, Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1525, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Reform Act of 1976'."

Pub. L. 94–452, §1, Oct. 2, 1976, 90 Stat. 1503, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 6158 of this title, amending sections 311, 1101, 1102, 1103, 6151, 6503, and 6601 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 311, 1101, and 6158 of this title] may be cited as the 'Bank Holding Company Tax Act of 1976'."

Short Title of 1975 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–164, §1, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 970, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 11, 21, 42, 43, 103, 141, 883, 962, 1561, 3402, 6012, 6153, and 6154 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 42, 43, and 3402 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 3, 11, 43, 103, and 883 of this title] may be cited as the 'Revenue Adjustment Act of 1975'."

Pub. L. 94–12, §1(a), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 26, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections, 42, 43, 44, 613A, 907, 955, and 6428 of this title, amending sections 3, 11, 12, 21, 46, 47, 48, 50A, 50B, 56, 141, 214, 535, 613, 703, 851, 901, 902, 951, 954, 962, 993, 1034, 1561, 3304 note, 3402, 6012, 6096, 6201, and 6401 of this title, repealing sections 955 and 963 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3, 11, 43, 44, 46, 48, 50A, 214, 410, 535, 613A, 907, 955, 993, 3304, 3402, 6428, and 6611 of this title and section 402 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'Tax Reduction Act of 1975'."

Short Title of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–69, title I, §110, July 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 166, provided that: "This title [amending sections 3201, 3202, 3211, and 3221 of this title and sections 228b, 228c, and 228e of Title 45, Railroads, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 3201 of this title and sections 228b, 228c, 228f, and 228o of Title 45, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 228c of Title 45] may be cited as the 'Railroad Retirement Amendments of 1973'."

For short title of Pub. L. 93–17 as the "Interest Equalization Tax Extension Act of 1973", see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 93–17, set out as a note under section 2104 of this title.

Short Title of 1972 Amendment

Pub. L. 92–512, title II, §201, Oct. 20, 1972, 86 Stat. 936, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 6361 to 6363 of this title, amending sections 6405 and 7463 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 7463 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-State Tax Collection Act of 1972'."

Short Title of 1971 Amendment

Pub. L. 92–178, §1(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 497, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Revenue Act of 1971'."

For short title of Pub. L. 92–9 as the "Interest Equalization Tax Extension Act of 1971", see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 92–9, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

Short Title of 1970 Amendment

For short title of Pub. L. 91–614 as the "Excise, Estate, and Gift Tax Adjustment Act of 1970", see section 1 of Pub. L. 91–614, set out as a Short Title note under section 2001 of this title.

Short Title of 1969 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–172, §1(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 487, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Tax Reform Act of 1969'."

For short title of Pub. L. 91–128 as the "Interest Equalization Tax Extension Act of 1969", see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 91–128, set out as a note under section 4182 of this title.

Short Title of 1968 Amendment

Pub. L. 90–364, §1(a), June 28, 1968, 82 Stat. 251, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 51 and 6425 of this title, amending sections 103, 243, 276, 501, 963, 3402, 4061, 4251, 6020, 6154, 6412, 6651, 6655, 7203, 7502, and 7701 of this title and sections 603, 607, and 1396b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 6016, 6074, and 4251 to 4254 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 51, 103, 276, 501, 4061, 6154, and 7502 of this title, section 3101 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 11 and 757b of former Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 1396b of Title 42, and amending notes under section 1396b of Title 42,] may be cited as the 'Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968'."

Short Title of 1967 Amendment

For short title of Pub. L. 90–59 as the "Interest Equalization Tax Extension Act of 1967", see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 90–59, set out as a note under section 6011 of this title.

Short Title of 1966 Amendment

For short title of title I of Pub. L. 89–809 as the "Foreign Investors Tax Act of 1966", see section 101 of Pub. L. 89–809, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

For short title of title III of Pub. L. 89–809 as the "Presidential Election Campaign Fund Act of 1966", see section 301 of Pub. L. 89–809, set out as a Short Title note under section 6096 of this title.

For short title of Pub. L. 89–719 as the "Federal Tax Lien Act of 1966", see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 89–719, set out as a Short Title note under section 6321 of this title.

Short Title of 1965 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–44, §1(a), June 21, 1965, 79 Stat. 136, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1965'."

Short Title of 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–348, §1, June 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 237, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 165, 4061, 4251, 4261, 5001, 5022, 5041, 5051, 5063, 5701, 5707, and 6412 of this title, and provisions set out as notes under sections 165, 4261, and 5701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Excise-Tax Rate Extension Act of 1964'."

Pub. L. 88–272, §2(a), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat 19, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Revenue Act of 1964'."

Short Title of 1963 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–52, §1, June 29, 1963, 77 Stat. 72, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 11, 821, 4061, 4251, 4261, 5001, 5022, 5041, 5051, 5063, 5701, 5707, 6412 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 4261 and 5701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Rate Extension Act of 1963'."

Short Title of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–834, §1(a), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 960, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Revenue Act of 1962'."

For short title of Pub. L. 87–792 as the "Self-Employed Individuals Tax Retirement Act of 1962", see section 1 of Pub. L. 87–792, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Pub. L. 87–508, §1, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 114, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 11, 821, 4061, 4251 to 4253, 4261 to 4264, 5001, 5002, 5041, 5051, 5063, 5701, 6707, 6412, 6416, and 6421 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 4261, 6416, and 6421 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Rate Extension Act of 1962'."

Short Title of 1961 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–72, §1, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 193, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 11, 821, 4061, 4251, 4261, 5001, 5022, 5041, 5051, 5063, 5701, 5707, and 6412 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 5701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Rate Extension Act of 1961'."

Short Title of 1959 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–75, §1, June 30, 1959, 73 Stat. 157, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 11, 821, 4061, 4251, 4261, 5001, 5022, 5041, 5051, 5063, 5701, 5707 and 6412 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 5701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Rate Extension Act of 1959'."

Pub. L. 86–69, §1, June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 112, provided that: "This Act [amending former part I of subchapter L of this chapter and sections 116, 381, 841, 842, 891, 1016, 1201, 1232, 1504, 4371, and 6501 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 801, 6072, and 6655 of this title] may be cited as the 'Life Insurance Company Income Tax Act of 1959'."

Short Title of 1958 Amendment

Pub. L. 85–866, title I, §1(a), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1606, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Technical Amendments Act of 1958'."

Pub. L. 85–866, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1676, provided that: "This title [amending sections 165, 172, 179, 535, 1244, 1551, 6161, 6166, 6503, and 6601 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 172, 179, 535, 6161 of this title] may be cited as the 'Small Business Tax Revision Act of 1958'."

For short title of Pub. L. 85–859 as the "Excise Tax Technical Changes Act of 1958", see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 85–859, set out as a Short Title note under section 5001 of this title.

Pub. L. 85–475, §1, June 30, 1958, 72 Stat. 259, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 11, 821, 4061, 4292, 5001, 5022, 5041, 5051, 5063, 5134, 5701, 5707, 6412, 6415, 6416, 7012, and 7272 of this title and repealing sections 4271 to 4273 and 4281 to 4283 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Rate Extension Act of 1958'."

Short Title of 1957 Amendment

Pub. L. 85–12, §1, Mar. 29, 1957, 71 Stat. 9, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 11, 821, 4061, 5001, 5022, 5041, 5051, 5063, 5134, 5701, 5707, and 6412 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tax Rate Extension Act of 1957'."

Short Title of 1956 Amendment

For short title of title II of act June 29, 1956 as the "Highway Revenue Act of 1956", see section 201(a) of act June 29, 1956, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

For short title of act Mar. 29, 1956 as the "Tax Rate Extension Act of 1956", see section 1 of act Mar. 29, 1956, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Act Mar. 13, 1956, ch. 83, §1, 70 Stat. 36, provided: "That this Act [enacting section 843 of this title and amending sections 316, 501, 594, 801 to 805, 811 to 813, 816 to 818, 821, 822, 832, 841, 842, 891, 1201, 1504, and 4371 of this title] be cited as the 'Life Insurance Company Tax Act for 1955'."

Short Title of 1955 Amendment

For short title of act Mar. 30, 1955 as the "Tax Rate Extension Act of 1955", see section 1 of act Mar. 30, 1955, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Purposes and Principles

Pub. L. 111–5, §3, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 115, provided that:

"(a) Statement of Purposes.—The purposes of this Act [see Tables for classification] include the following:

"(1) To preserve and create jobs and promote economic recovery.

"(2) To assist those most impacted by the recession.

"(3) To provide investments needed to increase economic efficiency by spurring technological advances in science and health.

"(4) To invest in transportation, environmental protection, and other infrastructure that will provide long-term economic benefits.

"(5) To stabilize State and local government budgets, in order to minimize and avoid reductions in essential services and counterproductive state and local tax increases.

"(b) General Principles Concerning Use of Funds.—The President and the heads of Federal departments and agencies shall manage and expend the funds made available in this Act so as to achieve the purposes specified in subsection (a), including commencing expenditures and activities as quickly as possible consistent with prudent management."

Transitional Rules for Taxable Years Which Include May 6, 2003

Pub. L. 108–27, title III, §301(c), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 759, provided that: "For purposes of applying section 1(h) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 in the case of a taxable year which includes May 6, 2003—

"(1) The amount of tax determined under subparagraph (B) of section 1(h)(1) of such Code shall be the sum of—

"(A) 5 percent of the lesser of—

"(i) the net capital gain determined by taking into account only gain or loss properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year on or after May 6, 2003 (determined without regard to collectibles gain or loss, gain described in section 1(h)(6)(A)(i) of such Code, and section 1202 gain), or

"(ii) the amount on which a tax is determined under such subparagraph (without regard to this subsection),

"(B) 8 percent of the lesser of—

"(i) the qualified 5-year gain (as defined in section 1(h)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [May 28, 2003]) properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before May 6, 2003, or

"(ii) the excess (if any) of—

     "(I) the amount on which a tax is determined under such subparagraph (without regard to this subsection), over

     "(II) the amount on which a tax is determined under subparagraph (A), plus

"(C) 10 percent of the excess (if any) of—

"(i) the amount on which a tax is determined under such subparagraph (without regard to this subsection), over

"(ii) the sum of the amounts on which a tax is determined under subparagraphs (A) and (B).

"(2) The amount of tax determined under [former] subparagraph (C) of section (1)(h)(1) of such Code shall be the sum of—

"(A) 15 percent of the lesser of—

"(i) the excess (if any) of the amount of net capital gain determined under subparagraph (A)(i) of paragraph (1) of this subsection over the amount on which a tax is determined under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of this subsection, or

"(ii) the amount on which a tax is determined under such subparagraph (C) (without regard to this subsection), plus

"(B) 20 percent of the excess (if any) of—

"(i) the amount on which a tax is determined under such subparagraph (C) (without regard to this subsection), over

"(ii) the amount on which a tax is determined under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.

"(3) For purposes of applying section 55(b)(3) of such Code, rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection shall apply.

"(4) In applying this subsection with respect to any pass-thru entity, the determination of when gains and losses are properly taken into account shall be made at the entity level.

"(5) For purposes of applying section 1(h)(11) of such Code, as added by section 302 of this Act, to this subsection, dividends which are qualified dividend income shall be treated as gain properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year on or after May 6, 2003.

"(6) Terms used in this subsection which are also used in section 1(h) of such Code shall have the respective meanings that such terms have in such section."

Coordination of Provisions in Amendatory Acts

Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title IV, §4001(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–906, provided that: "For purposes of applying the amendments made by any title of this division [§§1000–5301, see Tables for classification] other than this title [see Definitions note set out below for classification], the provisions of this title shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of such other titles."

Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6001(b), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 790, provided that: "For purposes of applying the amendments made by any title of this Act other than this title, the provisions of this title [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of such other titles."

Pub. L. 105–34, title XVI, §1600, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1086, provided that: "For purposes of applying the amendments made by any title of this Act other than this title, the provisions of this title [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of such other titles."

Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1701, Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1868, provided that: "For purposes of applying the amendments made by any subtitle [subtitle A to F (§§1111–1621) and H to J (§§1801–1954) of title I of Pub. L. 104–188, see Tables for classification] of this title other than this subtitle [subtitle G (§§1701–1704) of title I of Pub. L. 104–188, see Tables for classification], the provisions of this subtitle shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of such other subtitles."

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11700, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–505, provided that: "For purposes of applying the amendments made by any subtitle [subtitles A to F (§§11101–11622) and H and I (§§11801–11901) of title XI of Pub. L. 101–508, see Tables for classification] of this title other than this subtitle [subtitle G (§§11700–11704) of title XI of Pub. L. 101–508, see Tables for classification], the provisions of this subtitle shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of such other subtitles."

Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7801(b), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2406, provided that: "For purposes of applying the amendments made by any subtitle [subtitles A to G (§§7101–7743) of title VII of Pub. L. 101–239, see Tables for classification] of this title other than this subtitle [subtitle H (§§7801–7894) of title VII of Pub. L. 101–239, see Tables for classification], the provisions of this subtitle shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of such other subtitles."

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1800, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2784, provided that: "For purposes of applying the amendments made by any title of this Act other than this title, the provisions of this title [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of such other titles."

Adjustments for Consumer Price Index Error

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title III, §308], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-636, provided that:

"(a) Determinations by OMB.—As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000], the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall determine with respect to each applicable Federal benefit program whether the CPI computation error for 1999 has or will result in a shortfall in payments to beneficiaries under such program (as compared to payments that would have been made if the error had not occurred). As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act, but not later than 60 days after such date, the Director shall direct the head of the Federal agency which administers such program to make a payment or payments that, insofar as the Director finds practicable and feasible—

"(1) are targeted to the amount of the shortfall experienced by individual beneficiaries, and

"(2) compensate for the shortfall.

"(b) Coordination with Federal Agencies.—As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000], each Federal agency that administers an applicable Federal benefit program shall, in accordance with such guidelines as are issued by the Director pursuant to this section, make an initial determination of whether, and the extent to which, the CPI computation error for 1999 has or will result in a shortfall in payments to beneficiaries of an applicable Federal benefit program administered by such agency. Not later than 30 days after such date, the head of such agency shall submit a report to the Director and to each House of the Congress of such determination, together with a complete description of the nature of the shortfall.

"(c) Implementation Pursuant to Agency Reports.—Upon receipt of the report submitted by a Federal agency pursuant to subsection (b), the Director shall review the initial determination of the agency, the agency's description of the nature of the shortfall, and the compensation payments proposed by the agency. Prior to directing payment of such payments pursuant to subsection (a), the Director shall make appropriate adjustments (if any) in the compensation payments proposed by the agency that the Director determines are necessary to comply with the requirements of subsection (a) and transmit to the agency a summary report of the review, indicating any adjustments made by the Director. The agency shall make the compensation payments as directed by the Director pursuant to subsection (a) in accordance with the Director's summary report.

"(d) Income Disregard Under Federal Means-Tested Benefit Programs.—A payment made under this section to compensate for a shortfall in benefits shall, in accordance with guidelines issued by the Director pursuant to this section, be disregarded in determining income under title VIII of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] or any applicable Federal benefit program that is means-tested.

"(e) Funding.—Funds otherwise available under each applicable Federal benefit program for making benefit payments under such program are hereby made available for making compensation payments under this section in connection with such program.

"(f) No Judicial Review.—No action taken pursuant to this section shall be subject to judicial review.

"(g) Director's Report.—Not later than April 1, 2001, the Director shall submit to each House of the Congress a report on the activities performed by the Director pursuant to this section.

"(h) Definitions.—For purposes of this section:

"(1) Applicable federal benefit program.—The term 'applicable Federal benefit program' means any program of the Government of the United States providing for regular or periodic payments or cash assistance paid directly to individual beneficiaries, as determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

"(2) Federal agency.—The term 'Federal agency' means a department, agency, or instrumentality of the Government of the United States.

"(3) CPI computation error for 1999.—The term 'CPI computation error for 1999' means the error in the computation of the Consumer Price Index announced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics on September 28, 2000.

"(i) Tax Provisions.—In the case of taxable years (and other periods) beginning after December 31, 2000, if any Consumer Price Index (as defined in section 1(f)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) reflects the CPI computation error for 1999—

"(1) the correct amount of such Index shall (in such manner and to such extent as the Secretary of the Treasury determines to be appropriate) be taken into account for purposes of such Code, and

"(2) tables prescribed under section 1(f) of such Code to reflect such correct amount shall apply in lieu of any tables that were prescribed based on the erroneous amount."

Application of Special Rules for Maximum Capital Gains Rate

Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title IV, §4002(i)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–907, provided that:

"(2)(A) Subparagraphs (A)(i)(II), (A)(ii)(II), and (B)(ii) of section 1(h)(13) of the 1986 Code shall not apply to any distribution after December 31, 1997, by a regulated investment company or a real estate investment trust with respect to—

"(i) gains and losses recognized directly by such company or trust, and

"(ii) amounts properly taken into account by such company or trust by reason of holding (directly or indirectly) an interest in another such company or trust to the extent that such subparagraphs did not apply to such other company or trust with respect to such amounts.

"(B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any distribution which is treated under section 852(b)(7) or 857(b)(8) of the 1986 Code as received on December 31, 1997.

"(C) For purposes of subparagraph (A), any amount which is includible in gross income of its shareholders under section 852(b)(3)(D) or 857(b)(3)(D) of the 1986 Code after December 31, 1997, shall be treated as distributed after such date.

"(D)(i) For purposes of subparagraph (A), in the case of a qualified partnership with respect to which a regulated investment company meets the holding requirement of clause (iii)—

"(I) the subparagraphs referred to in subparagraph (A) shall not apply to gains and losses recognized directly by such partnership for purposes of determining such company's distributive share of such gains and losses, and

"(II) such company's distributive share of such gains and losses (as so determined) shall be treated as recognized directly by such company.

The preceding sentence shall apply only if the qualified partnership provides the company with written documentation of such distributive share as so determined.

"(ii) For purposes of clause (i), the term 'qualified partnership' means, with respect to a regulated investment company, any partnership if—

"(I) the partnership is an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 [15 U.S.C. 80a–1 et seq.],

"(II) the regulated investment company is permitted to invest in such partnership by reason of section 12(d)(1)(E) of such Act [15 U.S.C. 80a–12(d)(1)(E)] or an exemptive order of the Securities and Exchange Commission under such section, and

"(III) the regulated investment company and the partnership have the same taxable year.

"(iii) A regulated investment company meets the holding requirement of this clause with respect to a qualified partnership if (as of January 1, 1998)—

"(I) the value of the interests of the regulated investment company in such partnership is 35 percent or more of the value of such company's total assets, or

"(II) the value of the interests of the regulated investment company in such partnership and all other qualified partnerships is 90 percent or more of the value of such company's total assets."

Capital Gain Distribution by Trust

Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title IV, §4003(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–909, as amended by Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title III, §312(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-640, provided that: "In the case of any capital gain distribution made after 1997 by a trust to which section 664 of the 1986 Code applies with respect to amounts properly taken into account by such trust during 1997, paragraphs (5)(A)(i)(I), (5)(A)(ii)(I), (7)(A)(i)(II), and (13)(A) of section 1(h) of the 1986 Code (as in effect for taxable years ending on December 31, 1997) shall not apply."

Election To Recognize Gain on Assets Held on January 1, 2001

Pub. L. 105–34, title III, §311(e), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 835, as amended by Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title III, §314(c)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-643; Pub. L. 107–147, title IV, §414(a), Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 54, provided that: "For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986—

"(1) In general.—A taxpayer other than a corporation may elect to treat—

"(A) any readily tradable stock (which is a capital asset) held by such taxpayer on January 1, 2001, and not sold before the next business day after such date, as having been sold on such next business day for an amount equal to its closing market price on such next business day (and as having been reacquired on such next business day for an amount equal to such closing market price), and

"(B) any other capital asset or property used in the trade or business (as defined in section 1231(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) held by the taxpayer on January 1, 2001, as having been sold on such date for an amount equal to its fair market value on such date (and as having been reacquired on such date for an amount equal to such fair market value).

"(2) Treatment of gain or loss.—

"(A) Any gain resulting from an election under paragraph (1) shall be treated as received or accrued on the date the asset is treated as sold under paragraph (1) and shall be included in gross income notwithstanding any provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

"(B) Any loss resulting from an election under paragraph (1) shall not be allowed for any taxable year.

"(3) Election.—An election under paragraph (1) shall be made in such manner as the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may prescribe and shall specify the assets for which such election is made. Such an election, once made with respect to any asset, shall be irrevocable. Such an election shall not apply to any asset which is disposed of (in a transaction in which gain or loss is recognized in whole or in part) before the close of the 1-year period beginning on the date that the asset would have been treated as sold under such election.

"(4) Readily tradable stock.—For purposes of this subsection, the term 'readily tradable stock' means any stock which, as of January 1, 2001, is readily tradable on an established securities market or otherwise.

"(5) Disposition of interest in passive activity.—Section 469(g)(1)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall not apply by reason of an election made under paragraph (1)."

[Pub. L. 107–147, title IV, §414(b), Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 54, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending section 311(e) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out above] shall take effect as if included in section 311 of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 [Pub. L. 105–34]."]

Election To Pay Additional 1993 Taxes in Installments

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13201(d), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 459, provided that:

"(1) In general.—At the election of the taxpayer, the additional 1993 taxes may be paid in 3 equal installments.

"(2) Dates for paying installments.—In the case of any tax payable in installments by reason of paragraph (1)—

"(A) the first installment shall be paid on or before the due date for the taxpayer's taxable year beginning in calendar year 1993,

"(B) the second installment shall be paid on or before the date 1 year after the date determined under subparagraph (A), and

"(C) the third installment shall be paid on or before the date 2 years after the date determined under subparagraph (A).

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term 'due date' means the date prescribed for filing the taxpayer's return determined without regard to extensions.

"(3) Extension without interest.—For purposes of section 6601 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the date prescribed for the payment of any tax payable in installments under paragraph (1) shall be determined with regard to the extension under paragraph (1).

"(4) Additional 1993 taxes.—

"(A) In general.—For purposes of this subsection, the term 'additional 1993 taxes' means the excess of—

"(i) the taxpayer's net chapter 1 liability as shown on the taxpayer's return for the taxpayer's taxable year beginning in calendar year 1993, over

"(ii) the amount which would have been the taxpayer's net chapter 1 liability for such taxable year if such liability had been determined using the rates which would have been in effect under section 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for taxable years beginning in calendar year 1993 but for the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 41, 63, 68, 132, 151, 453A, 513, 531, and 541 of this title] and section 13202 [amending this section and sections 531 and 541 of this title] and such liability had otherwise been determined on the basis of the amounts shown on the taxpayer's return.

"(B) Net chapter 1 liability.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'net chapter 1 liability' means the liability for tax under chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 determined—

"(i) after the application of any credit against such tax other than the credits under sections 31 and 34, and

"(ii) before crediting any payment of estimated tax for the taxable year.

"(5) Acceleration of payments.—If the taxpayer does not pay any installment under this section on or before the date prescribed for its payment or if the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate believes that the collection of any amount payable in installments under this section is in jeopardy, the Secretary shall immediately terminate the extension under paragraph (1) and the whole of the unpaid tax shall be paid on notice and demand from the Secretary.

"(6) Election on return.—An election under paragraph (1) shall be made on the taxpayer's return for the taxpayer's taxable year beginning in calendar year 1993.

"(7) Exception for estates and trusts.—This subsection shall not apply in the case of an estate or trust."

Transitional Rule for Maximum Capital Gains Rate

Pub. L. 99–514, title III, §302(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2218, which related to long-term capital gain on rights to royalties paid under particular leases and assignments, was repealed by Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1003(b)(1), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3382.

Coordination With Other Provisions

Pub. L. 99–509, title VIII, §8081, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1965, provided that: "Nothing in any provision of this Act [see Tables for classifications] (other than this title) shall be construed as—

"(1) imposing any tax (or exempting any person or property from any tax),

"(2) establishing any trust fund, or

"(3) authorizing amounts to be expended from any trust fund."

[S.Con.Res. 174, agreed to Oct. 18, 1986, provided: "That, in the enrollment of the bill (H.R. 5300) to provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 2 of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 1987, the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall insert at the end of section 8081 of the bill the following: Paragraph (3) shall not apply to any authorization made by title IX of this Act." As a result of clerical error, the sentence was inserted at the end of section 8101 of the bill, and appears at the end of section 8101 of Pub. L. 99–509, 100 Stat. 1967.]

Pub. L. 99–499, title V, §531, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1782, provided that: "Notwithstanding any provision of this Act [see Tables for classifications] not contained in this title [see Short Title of 1986 Amendment note above], any provision of this Act (not contained in this title) which—

"(1) imposes any tax, premium, or fee,

"(2) establishes any trust fund, or

"(3) authorizes amounts to be expended from any trust fund,

shall have no force or effect."

Elimination of 50-Cent Rounding Errors

Pub. L. 97–448, title I, §101(a)(3), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2366, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "If any figure in any table—

"(A) which is set forth in section 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (as amended by section 101 of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 [Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §101, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 176], and

"(B) which applies to married individuals filing separately or to estates and trusts,

differs by not more than 50 cents from the correct amount under the formula used in constructing such table, such figure is hereby corrected to the correct amount." [See 1982 Amendment note above.]

Policy With Respect to Additional Tax Reductions

Pub. L. 95–600, §3, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2767, provided that: "As a matter of national policy the rate of growth in Federal outlays, adjusted for inflation, should not exceed 1 percent per year between fiscal year 1979 and fiscal year 1983; Federal outlays as a percentage of gross national product should decline to below 21 percent in fiscal year 1980, 20.5 percent in fiscal year 1981, 20 percent in fiscal year 1982 and 19.5 percent in fiscal year 1983; and the Federal budget should be balanced in fiscal years 1982 and 1983. If these conditions are met, it is the intention that the tax-writing committees of Congress will report legislation providing significant tax reductions for individuals to the extent that these tax reductions are justified in the light of prevailing and expected economic conditions."

Effective Date of Certain Definitions and Designations

Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1908, Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1836, provided that: "For purposes of any amendment made by any provision of this Act [see Tables for classification] (other than this title)—

"(1) which contains a term the meaning of which is defined in or modified by any provision of this title, and

"(2) which has an effective date earlier than the effective date of the provision of this title defining or modifying such term,

that definition or modification shall be considered to take effect as of such earlier effective date."

Congressional Declaration Relating to 1975 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–164, §1A, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 970, provided that:

"(a) Congress is determined to continue the tax reduction for the first 6 months of 1976 in order to assure continued economic recovery.

"(b) Congress is also determined to continue to control spending levels in order to reduce the national deficit.

"(c) Congress reaffirms its commitments to the procedures established by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 [see Tables for classification of Pub. L. 93–344, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 297] under which it has already established a binding spending ceiling for the fiscal year 1976.

"(d) If the Congress adopts a continuation of the tax reduction provided by this Act [see Short Title of 1975 Amendment note above] beyond June 30, 1976, and if economic conditions warrant doing so, Congress shall provide, through the procedures in the Budget Act [Pub. L. 93–344], for reductions in the level of spending in the fiscal year 1977 below what would otherwise occur, equal to any additional reduction in taxes (from the 1974 tax rate levels) provided for the fiscal year 1977: Provided, however, That nothing shall preclude the right of the Congress to pass a budget resolution containing a higher or lower expenditure figure if the Congress concludes that this is warranted by economic conditions or unforeseen circumstances."

Congressional Declaration Relating to 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–272, §1, Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 19, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that the tax reduction provided by this Act [see Short Title of 1964 Amendment note above] through stimulation of the economy, will, after a brief transitional period, raise (rather than lower) revenues and that such revenue increases should first be used to eliminate the deficits in the administrative budgets and then to reduce the public debt. To further the objective of obtaining balanced budgets in the near future, Congress by this action, recognizes the importance of taking all reasonable means to restrain Government spending and urges the President to declare his accord with this objective."

Definitions

Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title IV, §4001(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–906, provided that: "For purposes of this title [amending this section, sections 51, 56, 67, 68, 86, 135, 137, 163, 172, 219, 221, 264, 351, 368, 408A, 469, 873, 954, 2001, 2031, 6015, 6103, 6159, 6311, 6404, 6693, 7421, 7443A, 7491, 9503, and 9510 of this title, and sections 401 and 407 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 51, 67, 68, 86, 172, 833, 6103, and 9503 of this title, and section 401 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 6601 and 7508A of this title]—

"(1) 1986 code.—The term '1986 Code' means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

"(2) 1998 act.—The term '1998 Act' means the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–206) [see Tables for classification].

"(3) 1997 act.—The term '1997 Act' means the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (Public Law 105–34) [see Tables for classification]."


Executive Documents

Inflation Adjusted Items for Certain Years

Provisions relating to inflation adjustment of items in sections 1, 23, 24, 25A, 25B, 32, 36B, 42, 45R, 55, 59, 62, 63, 68, 125, 132, 135, 137, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152, 179, 179D, 199A, 213, 219, 220, 221, 223, 408A, 448, 461, 512, 513, 642, 685, 831, 877, 877A, 911, 1274A, 2010, 2032A, 2503, 2523, 2631, 4001, 4003, 4161, 4261, 5000A, 6012, 6013, 6033, 6039F, 6323, 6334, 6601, 6651, 6652, 6695, 6698, 6699, 6721, 6722, 7345, 7430, 7702B, and 9831 of this title for certain years were contained in the following:

2023—Revenue Procedure 2022–38.

2022—Revenue Procedure 2021–45.

2021—Revenue Procedure 2020–45.

2020—Revenue Procedure 2019–44.

2019—Revenue Procedure 2018–57.

2018—Revenue Procedure 2017–58.

2017—Revenue Procedure 2016–55.

2016—Revenue Procedure 2015–53, as modified by Revenue Procedure 2016–11.

2015—Revenue Procedures 2014–61 and 2016–11.

2014—Revenue Procedure 2013–35.

2013—Revenue Procedures 2012–41 and 2013–15.

2012—Revenue Procedure 2011–52, as modified by Revenue Procedure 2013–15.

2011—Revenue Procedures 2010–40 and 2011–12.

2010—Revenue Procedures 2009–50, 2010–24, and 2010–35.

2009—Revenue Procedure 2008–66.

2008—Revenue Procedure 2007–66.

2007—Revenue Procedures 2006–53 and 2007–36.

2006—Revenue Procedure 2005–70.

2005—Revenue Procedure 2004–71.

2004—Revenue Procedure 2003–85.

2003—Revenue Procedure 2002–70.

2002—Revenue Procedure 2001–59.

2001—Revenue Procedure 2001–13.

2000—Revenue Procedure 99–42.

1999—Revenue Procedure 98–61.

1998—Revenue Procedure 97–57.

1997—Revenue Procedure 96–59.

1996—Revenue Procedure 95–53.

1995—Revenue Procedure 94–72.

1994—Revenue Procedure 93–49.

1993—Revenue Procedure 92–102.

1992—Revenue Procedure 91–65.

1991—Revenue Procedure 90–64.

1990—Revenue Procedure 90–7.

1989—Revenue Procedure 88–56.

1986—Revenue Procedure 85–55.

1985—Revenue Procedure 84–79.

Ex. Ord. No. 14082. Implementation of the Energy and Infrastructure Provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

Ex. Ord. No. 14082, Sept. 12, 2022, 87 F.R. 56861, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to effectively implement the historic energy and infrastructure provisions in Public Law 117–169, commonly referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the "Act") [see Tables for classification], and to accelerate United States global leadership in clean energy innovation, manufacturing, and deployment in a way that cuts consumer energy costs, creates well-paying union jobs and sustainable and equitable economic opportunity, advances environmental justice, and addresses the climate crisis, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Background. The Act is the single largest and most ambitious investment in the ability of the United States to advance clean energy, cut consumer energy costs, confront the climate crisis, promote environmental justice, and strengthen energy security, among other vital provisions that will lower costs for families, reduce the deficit, and grow and strengthen the economy. The Act will:

(a) build on the once-in-a-generation investment in the infrastructure and competitiveness of the United States set forth in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117–58) [see Tables for classification] by accelerating the deployment of clean energy technologies, making home energy efficiency and clean energy installations more affordable, and incentivizing the purchase of electric vehicles;

(b) boost energy security and lower energy costs for families, businesses, and government;

(c) revitalize American manufacturing by investing in domestic clean energy supply chains and creating well-paying union jobs, including in traditional energy communities;

(d) improve public health and advance environmental justice and economic opportunity for frontline communities who disproportionately bear the brunt of cumulative exposure to industrial and energy pollution;

(e) promote climate justice by reducing harmful greenhouse gas emissions in line with the goal of realizing net-zero emissions by no later than 2050;

(f) harness nature-based solutions—including climate-smart agriculture and forestry—that deliver economic benefits for rural communities, Tribes, farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners;

(g) expand research and accelerate innovation in the development of clean energy, climate, and related technologies; and

(h) increase the resilience of our communities in the face of a changing climate.

Achieving these goals will require effective implementation of the Act by my Administration, as well as by State, local, Tribal, and territorial governments.

Sec. 2. Implementation Priorities. In implementing the Act, all agencies (as described in section 3502(1) of title 44, United States Code, except for the agencies described in section 3502(5) of title 44) shall, as appropriate and to the extent consistent with law, prioritize:

(a) investing public dollars effectively and efficiently, working to avoid waste, and achieving measurable, demonstrable outcomes for the American people;

(b) driving progress to achieve the climate goals of the United States to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 50–52 percent below 2005 levels in 2030, achieve a carbon pollution-free electricity sector by 2035, and achieve net-zero emissions by no later than 2050;

(c) advancing environmental and climate justice through an all-of-government approach, including through the Justice40 Initiative set forth in Executive Order 14008 of January 27, 2021 (Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad) [42 U.S.C. 4321 note], to protect and improve the health and well-being of fence-line and frontline communities in the United States;

(d) promoting construction of clean energy generation, storage, and transmission, and enabling technologies through efficient, effective mechanisms that incorporate community engagement;

(e) increasing the competitiveness of the United States economy and investment in critical supply chains, including through the Act's incentives and measures to strengthen domestic manufacturing and supply chains;

(f) increasing high-quality job opportunities for American workers and improving equitable access to these jobs, including in traditional energy communities, through the timely implementation of the Act's requirements for prevailing wages and registered apprenticeships and by focusing on high labor standards and the free and fair chance to join a union;

(g) reducing energy costs for working families, businesses, and governments at all levels while increasing energy security for the benefit of United States economic competitiveness and national security;

(h) accelerating innovation by directing the scientific and technical expertise of America's researchers, businesses, and workers toward achieving breakthroughs in clean energy and climate technologies; and

(i) effectively coordinating with State, local, Tribal, and territorial governments, as well as with private-sector stakeholders and nongovernmental organizations, in implementing the critical investments outlined in this section to build sustainable, resilient communities.

Sec. 3. White House Office on Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation. There is hereby established the White House Office on Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation within the Executive Office of the President, which shall coordinate the policymaking process with respect to implementing the energy and infrastructure provisions of the Act and other essential initiatives. The White House Office on Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation shall have a staff headed by the Senior Advisor for Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation; shall have such staff and other assistance as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this order, subject to the availability of appropriations; and may work with established or ad hoc committees and interagency groups.

Sec. 4. Interagency Coordination. (a) [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 14008, set out as a note under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.]

(b) [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 12898, set out as a note under section 4321 of Title 42.]

(c) [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 14052, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.]

Sec. 5. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.      

§2. Definitions and special rules

(a) Definition of surviving spouse

(1) In general

For purposes of section 1, the term "surviving spouse" means a taxpayer—

(A) whose spouse died during either of his two taxable years immediately preceding the taxable year, and

(B) who maintains as his home a household which constitutes for the taxable year the principal place of abode (as a member of such household) of a dependent (i) who (within the meaning of section 152, determined without regard to subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B) thereof) is a son, stepson, daughter, or stepdaughter of the taxpayer, and (ii) with respect to whom the taxpayer is entitled to a deduction for the taxable year under section 151.


For purposes of this paragraph, an individual shall be considered as maintaining a household only if over half of the cost of maintaining the household during the taxable year is furnished by such individual.

(2) Limitations

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), for purposes of section 1 a taxpayer shall not be considered to be a surviving spouse—

(A) if the taxpayer has remarried at any time before the close of the taxable year, or

(B) unless, for the taxpayer's taxable year during which his spouse died, a joint return could have been made under the provisions of section 6013 (without regard to subsection (a)(3) thereof).

(3) Special rule where deceased spouse was in missing status

If an individual was in a missing status (within the meaning of section 6013(f)(3)) as a result of service in a combat zone (as determined for purposes of section 112) and if such individual remains in such status until the date referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B), then, for purposes of paragraph (1)(A), the date on which such individual died shall be treated as the earlier of the date determined under subparagraph (A) or the date determined under subparagraph (B):

(A) the date on which the determination is made under section 556 of title 37 of the United States Code or under section 5566 of title 5 of such Code (whichever is applicable) that such individual died while in such missing status, or

(B) except in the case of the combat zone designated for purposes of the Vietnam conflict, the date which is 2 years after the date designated under section 112 as the date of termination of combatant activities in that zone.

(b) Definition of head of household

(1) In general

For purposes of this subtitle, an individual shall be considered a head of a household if, and only if, such individual is not married at the close of his taxable year, is not a surviving spouse (as defined in subsection (a)), and either—

(A) maintains as his home a household which constitutes for more than one-half of such taxable year the principal place of abode, as a member of such household, of—

(i) a qualifying child of the individual (as defined in section 152(c), determined without regard to section 152(e)), but not if such child—

(I) is married at the close of the taxpayer's taxable year, and

(II) is not a dependent of such individual by reason of section 152(b)(2) or 152(b)(3), or both, or


(ii) any other person who is a dependent of the taxpayer, if the taxpayer is entitled to a deduction for the taxable year for such person under section 151, or


(B) maintains a household which constitutes for such taxable year the principal place of abode of the father or mother of the taxpayer, if the taxpayer is entitled to a deduction for the taxable year for such father or mother under section 151.


For purposes of this paragraph, an individual shall be considered as maintaining a household only if over half of the cost of maintaining the household during the taxable year is furnished by such individual.

(2) Determination of status

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) an individual who is legally separated from his spouse under a decree of divorce or of separate maintenance shall not be considered as married;

(B) a taxpayer shall be considered as not married at the close of his taxable year if at any time during the taxable year his spouse is a nonresident alien; and

(C) a taxpayer shall be considered as married at the close of his taxable year if his spouse (other than a spouse described in subparagraph (B)) died during the taxable year.

(3) Limitations

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), for purposes of this subtitle a taxpayer shall not be considered to be a head of a household—

(A) if at any time during the taxable year he is a nonresident alien; or

(B) by reason of an individual who would not be a dependent for the taxable year but for—

(i) subparagraph (H) of section 152(d)(2), or

(ii) paragraph (3) of section 152(d).

(c) Certain married individuals living apart

For purposes of this part, an individual shall be treated as not married at the close of the taxable year if such individual is so treated under the provisions of section 7703(b).

(d) Nonresident aliens

In the case of a nonresident alien individual, the taxes imposed by sections 1 and 55 shall apply only as provided by section 871 or 877.

(e) Cross reference

For definition of taxable income, see section 63.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 8; Pub. L. 88–272, title I, §112(b), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 91–172, title VIII, §803(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 682; Pub. L. 93–597, §3(b), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1951; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1901(a)(1), (b)(9), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1764, 1795; Pub. L. 94–569, §3(a), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2699; Pub. L. 97–448, title III, §307(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2407; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §423(c)(2), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 801; Pub. L. 99–514, title XIII, §1301(j)(10), title XVII, §1708(a)(1), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2658, 2782; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1007(g)(13)(A), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3436; Pub. L. 108–311, title II, §§202, 207(1), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1175, 1177; Pub. L. 109–135, title IV, §412(a), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2636.)


Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–135 substituted "subparagraph (B)" for "subparagraph (C)".

2004—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 108–311, §207(1), inserted ", determined without regard to subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B) thereof" after "section 152".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 108–311, §202(a), amended cl. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (i) read as follows: "a son, stepson, daughter, or stepdaughter of the taxpayer, or a descendant of a son or daughter of the taxpayer, but if such son, stepson, daughter, stepdaughter, or descendant is married at the close of the taxpayer's taxable year, only if the taxpayer is entitled to a deduction for the taxable year for such person under section 151 (or would be so entitled but for paragraph (2) or (4) of section 152(e)), or".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–311, §202(b)(1), redesignated subpars. (B) to (D) as (A) to (C), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "a legally adopted child of a person shall be considered a child of such person by blood;".

Subsec. (b)(3)(B)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 108–311, §202(b)(2), amended cls. (i) and (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cls. (i) and (ii) read as follows:

"(i) paragraph (9) of section 152(a), or

"(ii) subsection (c) of section 152."

1988—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–647 substituted "the taxes imposed by sections 1 and 55" for "the tax imposed by section 1".

1986—Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 99–514, §1708(a)(1), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "the date which is—

"(i) December 31, 1982, in the case of service in the combat zone designated for purposes of the Vietnam conflict, or

"(ii) 2 years after the date designated under section 112 as the date of termination of combatant activities in that zone, in the case of any combat zone other than that referred to in clause (i)."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–514, §1301(j)(10), substituted "section 7703(b)" for "section 143(b)".

1984—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 98–369, §423(c)(2)(A), substituted "which constitutes for more than one-half of such taxable year" for "which constitutes for such taxable year".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 98–369, §423(c)(2)(B), inserted "(or would be so entitled but for paragraph (2) or (4) of section 152(e))".

1983—Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 97–448 substituted "December 31, 1982" for "January 2, 1978".

1976—Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 94–569 substituted "the date which is" for "the date which is 2 years after" in provisions preceding cl. (i), substituted "January 2, 1978" for "the date of the enactment of this paragraph" in cl. (i), and substituted "2 years after the date" for "the date" in cl. (ii).

Subsec. (b)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(b)(9), redesignated cl. (iii) as (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which provided that an individual who was a dependent solely by reason of par. (10) of section 152(a) would not be considered as a head of a household.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(a)(1), substituted "shall be treated as not married at the close of the taxable year" for "shall not be considered as married".

1975—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 93–597 added par. (3).

1969—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–172 redesignated subsec. (b) as (a). See sec. 1(a) of this title.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–172 redesignated provisions of former section 1(b)(2) to (4) of this title as subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (a), with minor changes.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–172 added subsec. (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–172 redesignated as subsec. (d) provisions of former section 1(d) with minor changes.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–172 redesignated as subsec. (e) provisions of former section 1(e).

1964—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–272 inserted reference to section 141.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–311, title II, §208, Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1178, provided that: "The amendments made by this title [amending this section and sections 21, 24, 25B, 32, 42, 51, 72, 105, 120, 125, 129, 132, 151 to 153, 170, 213, 220, 221, 529, 2032A, 2057, 7701, 7702B, and 7703 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by section 1301(j)(10) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to bonds issued after Aug. 15, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see sections 1311 to 1318 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date; Transitional Rules note under section 141 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, §1708(b), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2783, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 692, 6013, and 7508 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982."

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §423(d), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 801, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 43, 44A, 105, 143, 152, and 213 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1984."

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1901(d), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1803, provided that: "Except as otherwise expressly provided in this section, the amendments made by this section [see Tables for classification] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1976. The amendments made by subsections (a)(29) and (b)(10) shall apply with respect to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1976]."

Effective Date of 1975 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–597 applicable to taxable years ending on or after Feb. 28, 1961, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 93–597, set out as a note under section 6013 of this title.

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1970, except that subsec. (c) is applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 803(f) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 88–272, except for purposes of section 21 of this title, effective with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1963, see section 131 of Pub. L. 88–272, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

§3. Tax tables for individuals

(a) Imposition of tax table tax

(1) In general

In lieu of the tax imposed by section 1, there is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the taxable income of every individual—

(A) who does not itemize his deductions for the taxable year, and

(B) whose taxable income for such taxable year does not exceed the ceiling amount,


a tax determined under tables, applicable to such taxable year, which shall be prescribed by the Secretary and which shall be in such form as he determines appropriate. In the table so prescribed, the amounts of the tax shall be computed on the basis of the rates prescribed by section 1.

(2) Ceiling amount defined

For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "ceiling amount" means, with respect to any taxpayer, the amount (not less than $20,000) determined by the Secretary for the tax rate category in which such taxpayer falls.

(3) Authority to prescribe tables for taxpayers who itemize deductions

The Secretary may provide that this section shall apply also for any taxable year to individuals who itemize their deductions. Any tables prescribed under the preceding sentence shall be on the basis of taxable income.

(b) Section inapplicable to certain individuals

This section shall not apply to—

(1) an individual making a return under section 443(a)(1) for a period of less than 12 months on account of a change in annual accounting period, and

(2) an estate or trust.

(c) Tax treated as imposed by section 1

For purposes of this title, the tax imposed by this section shall be treated as tax imposed by section 1.

(d) Taxable income

Whenever it is necessary to determine the taxable income of an individual to whom this section applies, the taxable income shall be determined under section 63.

(e) Cross reference

For computation of tax by Secretary, see section 6014.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 8; Pub. L. 88–272, title III, §301(a), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 129; Pub. L. 91–172, title VIII, §803(c), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 94–12, title II, §201(c), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 29; Pub. L. 94–455, title V, §501(a), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1558; Pub. L. 95–30, title I, §101(b), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 131; Pub. L. 95–600, title IV, §401(b)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2867; Pub. L. 95–615, title II, §202(f), as added Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §108(a)(1)(A), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §108(a)(1)(E), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 225; Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §§101(b)(2)(B), (C), (c)(2)(A), 121(c)(3), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 183, 197; Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §§102(b), 141(b)(1), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2102, 2117.)


Editorial Notes

Amendments

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514, §102(b), substituted subsec. (a) for former subsec. (a) which read as follows:

"(1) In general.—In lieu of the tax imposed by section 1, there is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the tax table income of every individual whose tax table income for such year does not exceed the ceiling amount, a tax determined under tables, applicable to such taxable year, which shall be prescribed by the Secretary and which shall be in such form as he determines appropriate. In the tables so prescribed, the amounts of tax shall be computed on the basis of the rates prescribed by section 1.

"(2) Ceiling amount defined.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'ceiling amount' means, with respect to any taxpayer, the amount (not less than $20,000) determined by the Secretary for the tax rate category in which such taxpayer falls.

"(3) Certain taxpayers with large number of exemptions.—The Secretary may exclude from the application of this section taxpayers in any tax rate category having more than the number of exemptions for that category determined by the Secretary.

"(4) Tax table income defined.—For purposes of this section, the term 'tax table income' means adjusted gross income—

"(A) reduced by the sum of—

"(i) the excess itemized deductions, and

"(ii) the direct charitable deduction, and

"(B) increased (in the case of an individual to whom section 63(e) applies) by the unused zero bracket amount.

"(5) Section may be applied on the basis of taxable income.—The Secretary may provide that this section shall be applied for any taxable year on the basis of taxable income in lieu of tax table income."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–514, §141(b)(1), struck out par. (1) which read: "an individual to whom section 1301 (relating to income averaging) applies for the taxable year," and redesignated pars. (2) and (3) as (1) and (2), respectively.

1981—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 97–34, §101(b)(2)(B), inserted "and which shall be in such form as he determines appropriate" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 97–34, §121(c)(3), substituted "reduced by the sum of (i) the excess itemized deductions, and (ii) the direct charitable deduction" for "reduced by the excess itemized deductions".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 97–34, §101(b)(2)(C), added par. (5).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–34, §101(c)(2)(A), substituted "an individual to whom section 1301 (relating to income averaging) applies for the taxable year" for "an individual to whom (A) section 1301 (relating to income averaging), or (B) section 1348 (relating to maximum rate on personal service income), applies for the taxable year".

1980—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–222, §108(a)(1)(E), redesignated subpars. (B) and (C) as (A) and (B), respectively.

Pub. L. 95–615, §202(f), as added by Pub. L. 96–222, §108(a)(1)(A), struck out subpar. (A) which related to earned income from sources without the United States under section 911 of this title.

1978—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–600 redesignated subpars. (C) and (D) as (B) and (C), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (B) which related to the alternative capital gains tax under section 1201 of this title.

1977—Pub. L. 95–30 struck out "having taxable income of less than $20,000" after "individuals" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–30 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "tax table income" for "taxable income" and "does not exceed the ceiling amount" for "does not exceed $20,000", and added pars. (2) to (4).

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 95–30 added subsec. (b), redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c), and added subsecs. (d) and (e).

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted provision relating to taxable income for such year does not exceed $20,000 for provision relating to adjusted gross income for such year is less than $15,000 and who has elected for such year to pay the tax imposed by this section, struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary", "beginning after Dec. 31, 1969" after "each taxable year", struck out provision requiring computation of taxable income by using standard deduction, and added subsec. (b).

1975—Pub. L. 94–12 substituted "$15,000" for "$10,000".

1969—Pub. L. 91–172 raised the individual gross income limit of $5,000 to $10,000 for exercising the option and substituted provision that the tax has to be determined under tables to be prescribed by the Secretary or his delegate for tables of tax rates for single persons, heads of household, married persons filing joint returns, married persons filing separate returns with 10 per cent standard deduction and married persons filing separate returns with minimum standard deduction.

1964—Pub. L. 88–272 substituted optional tax tables covering five categories for taxable years beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1964, and before Jan. 1, 1965, and for years beginning after Dec. 31, 1964, for a single general table.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 151(a) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by section 101(c)(2)(A) of Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1981, see section 101(f)(1) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 121(c)(3) of Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to contributions made after Dec. 31, 1981, in taxable years beginning after such date, see section 121(d) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under section 170 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §108(a)(2), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 225, provided that:

"(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section and sections 119, 911, and 913 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the Foreign Earned Income Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–615].

"(B) Paragraph (1)(E).—The amendment made by paragraph (1)(E) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1978."

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–600, title IV, §401(c), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2867, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 5, 871, 911, 1201, and 1304 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1978."

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–30 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 106(a) of Pub. L. 95–30, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–455, title V, §508, Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1569, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided, the amendments made by this title [enacting section 44A, amending this section and sections 36, 37, 41, 42, 46, 50A, 104, 144, 213, 217, 904, 1211, 1304, 3402, 6014, and 6096, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 105, 8022, and repealing sections 4 and 214 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1975."

Effective and Termination Dates of 1975 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–12, title II, §209(a), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 35, as amended by Pub. L. 94–164, §2(e), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 972, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 201, 202(a), and 203 [enacting section 42 of this title and amending this section and sections 56, 141, 6012, and 6096 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1974. The amendments made by sections 201(a) and 202(a) [amending section 141 of this title] shall cease to apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1975; those made by sections 201(b), 201(c), and 203 [enacting section 42 of this title and amending this section and sections 56, 6012, and 6096 of this title] shall cease to apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1976."

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 803(f) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–272, title III, §301(c), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 140, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "Except for purposes of section 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (relating to effect of changes in rates during a taxable year), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 4 and 6014 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1963."

[§4. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title V, §501(b)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1558]

Section, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 10; Feb. 26, 1964, Pub. L. 88–272, title II, §232(f)(1), title III, §301(b)(1), (3), 78 Stat. 111, 140; Dec. 30, 1969, Pub. L. 91–172, title VIII, §802(c)(1)–(3), 83 Stat. 677, 678; Dec. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–178, title III, §301(b), 85 Stat. 520, related to rules for optional tax.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 508 of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 3 of this title.

§5. Cross references relating to tax on individuals

(a) Other rates of tax on individuals, etc.

(1) For rates of tax on nonresident aliens, see section 871.

(2) For doubling of tax on citizens of certain foreign countries, see section 891.

(3) For rate of withholding in the case of nonresident aliens, see section 1441.

(4) For alternative minimum tax, see section 55.

(b) Special limitations on tax

(1) For limitation on tax in case of income of members of Armed Forces, astronauts, and victims of certain terrorist attacks on death, see section 692.

(2) For computation of tax where taxpayer restores substantial amount held under claim of right, see section 1341.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 10; Pub. L. 88–272, title II, §232(f)(2), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 111; Pub. L. 91–172, title III, §301(b)(2), title VIII, §803(d)(6), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 585, 684; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §§1901(b)(22)(B), 1951(c)(3)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1798, 1841; Pub. L. 95–600, title IV, §§401(b)(2), 421(e)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2867, 2875; Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §104(a)(4)(H)(vii), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 97–248, title II, §201(d)(4), formerly §201(c)(4), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 419, renumbered §201(d)(4), Pub. L. 97–448, title III, §306(a)(1)(A)(i), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §141(b)(2), title VII, §701(e)(4)(A), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2117, 2343; Pub. L. 107–134, title I, §101(b)(1), Jan. 23, 2002, 115 Stat. 2428; Pub. L. 108–121, title I, §110(a)(2)(A), Nov. 11, 2003, 117 Stat. 1342.)


Editorial Notes

Amendments

2003—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 108–121 inserted ", astronauts," after "Forces".

2002—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 107–134 inserted "and victims of certain terrorist attacks" before "on death".

1986—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 99–514, §701(e)(4)(A), amended par. (4) generally, substituting "alternative minimum tax" for "minimum tax for taxpayers other than corporations".

Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 99–514, §141(b)(2), struck out par. (2) which read: "For limitation on tax where an individual chooses the benefits of income averaging, see section 1301." and redesignated former par. (3) as (2).

1982—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 97–248, §201(d)(4), formerly §201(c)(4), substituted "section 55" for "sections 55 and 56".

1980—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 96–222 substituted "sections 55 and 56" for "section 55".

1978—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 95–600, §401(b)(2), redesignated par. (4) as (3). Former par. (3), relating to the alternative tax in the case of capital gains, was struck out.

Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 95–600, §§401(b)(2), 421(e)(1), redesignated par. (5) as (4) and substituted "taxpayers other than corporations, see section 55" for "preferences, see section 56". Former par. (4) redesignated (3).

1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–455 redesignated pars. (2), (3), and (4), as (1), (2), (3), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which referred to section 632 for limitation on tax attributable to sales of oil or gas properties and par. (5) which referred to section 1347 for limitation on tax attributable to claims against the U.S. involving acquisition of property.

1969—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 91–172, §301(b)(2), added par. (5).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–172, §803(d)(6), substituted "tax" for "surtax" in pars. (1) and (5).

1964—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–272 redesignated pars. (2), (3), (4), (7) and (8) as pars. (1) to (5), respectively, substituted "where an individual chooses the benefits of income averaging" for "with respect to compensation for longterm services" in par. (3), and struck out former pars. (1), (5) and (6) which referred to tax attributable to receipt of lump sum under annuity, endowment, or life insurance contract, to income from artistic work or inventions, and to back pay, respectively.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–121, title I, §110(a)(4), Nov. 11, 2003, 117 Stat. 1342, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 692 and 6013 of this title] shall apply with respect to any astronaut whose death occurs after December 31, 2002."

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–134 applicable to taxable years ending before, on, or after Sept. 11, 2001, with provisions relating to waiver of limitations, see section 101(d) of Pub. L. 107–134, set out as a note under section 692 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by section 141(b)(2) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 151(a) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 701(e)(4)(A) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with certain exceptions and qualifications, see section 701(f) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 55 of this title.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–248, title II, §201(e)(1), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 421, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 46, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 173, 174, 511, 616, 617, 897, 901, 936, 1016, 6015, 6362, 6654, and 7701 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982."

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–222 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if it had been included in the provisions of the Revenue Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–600, to which such amendment relates, see section 201 of Pub. L. 96–222, set out as a note under section 32 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by section 401(b)(2) of Pub. L. 95–600 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 401(c) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as a note under section 3 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–600, title IV, §421(g), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2877, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 55 of this title and amending this section and sections 57, 58, 443, 511, 666, 871, 877, 904, 6015, 6362, and 6654 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1978, except that the amendment made by paragraph (1) of subsection (b) [amending section 57 of this title] shall apply to sales and exchanges made after July 26, 1978, in taxable years ending after such date."

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–172, title III, §301(c), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 586, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting sections 56 to 58 of this title and amending this section and sections 12, 46, 51, 443, 453, 511, 901, 1373, 1375, 6015, and 6654 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1969. In the case of a taxable year beginning in 1969 and ending in 1970, the tax imposed by section 56 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (as added by subsection (a)) shall be an amount equal to the tax imposed by such section (determined without regard to this sentence) multiplied by a fraction—

"(1) the numerator of which is the number of days in the taxable year occurring after December 31, 1969, and

"(2) the denominator of which is the number of days in the entire taxable year."

Amendment by section 803(d)(6) of Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1970, see section 803(f) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–272, title II, §232(g), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 112, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(1) General rule.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting sections 1301 to 1305, amending this section and sections 4, 72, 144, 402, 403, 6511, and omitting former sections 1301 to 1307 of this title] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1963.

"(2) Income from an employment.—If, in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1963, an individual or partnership receives or accrues compensation from an employment (as defined by section 1301(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] as in effect immediately before the enactment of this Act [Feb. 26, 1964] and the employment began before February 6, 1963, the tax attributable to such compensation may, at the election of the taxpayer, be computed under the provisions of sections 1301 and 1307 of such Code as in effect immediately before the enactment of this Act. If a taxpayer so elects (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate by regulations prescribes), he may not choose for such taxable year the benefits provided by part I of subchapter Q of chapter 1 of such Code (relating to income averaging) as amended by this Act and (if he elects to have subsection (e) of such section 1307 apply) section 170(b)(5) of such Code as amended by this Act shall not apply to charitable contributions paid in such taxable year."

Applicability of Certain Amendments by Pub. L. 99–514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United States

For applicability of amendment by section 701(e)(4)(A) of Pub. L. 99–514 notwithstanding any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, see section 1012(aa)(2) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

PART II—TAX ON CORPORATIONS

Sec.
11.
Tax imposed.
12.
Cross references relating to tax on corporations.

        

§11. Tax imposed

(a) Corporations in general

A tax is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the taxable income of every corporation.

(b) Amount of tax

The amount of the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be 21 percent of taxable income.

(c) Exceptions

Subsection (a) shall not apply to a corporation subject to a tax imposed by—

(1) section 594 (relating to mutual savings banks conducting life insurance business),

(2) subchapter L (sec. 801 and following, relating to insurance companies), or

(3) subchapter M (sec. 851 and following, relating to regulated investment companies and real estate investment trusts).

(d) Foreign corporations

In the case of a foreign corporation, the taxes imposed by subsection (a) and section 55 shall apply only as provided by section 882.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 11; Mar. 30, 1955, ch. 18, §2, 69 Stat. 14; Mar. 29, 1956, ch. 115, §2, 70 Stat. 66; Pub. L. 85–12, §2, Mar. 29, 1957, 71 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 85–475, §2, June 30, 1958, 72 Stat. 259; Pub. L. 86–75, §2, June 30, 1959, 73 Stat. 157; Pub. L. 86–564, title II, §201, June 30, 1960, 74 Stat. 290; Pub. L. 86–779, §10(d), Sept. 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 1009; Pub. L. 87–72, §2, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 87–508, §2, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 88–52, §2, June 29, 1963, 77 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 88–272, title I, §121, Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 25; Pub. L. 89–809, title I, §104(b)(2), Nov. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 1557; Pub. L. 91–172, title IV, §401(b)(2)(B), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 602; Pub. L. 94–12, title III, §303(a), (b), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 44; Pub. L. 94–164, §4(a)–(c), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 973, 974; Pub. L. 94–455, title IX, §901(a), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1606; Pub. L. 95–30, title II, §201(1), (2), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 141; Pub. L. 95–600, title III, §301(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2820; Pub. L. 97–34, title II, §231(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 249; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, §66(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 585; Pub. L. 99–514, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2249; Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10224(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–412; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1007(g)(13)(B), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3436; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13221(a), (b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 477; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §§12001(b)(11), 13001(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2094, 2096; Pub. L. 117–169, title I, §10101(a)(4)(C), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1822.)


Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–169 substituted "the taxes imposed by subsection (a) and section 55" for "the tax imposed by subsection (a)".

2017—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–97, §13001(a), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) In general.—The amount of the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be the sum of—

"(A) 15 percent of so much of the taxable income as does not exceed $50,000,

"(B) 25 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $50,000 but does not exceed $75,000,

"(C) 34 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $75,000 but does not exceed $10,000,000, and

"(D) 35 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $10,000,000.

In the case of a corporation which has taxable income in excess of $100,000 for any taxable year, the amount of tax determined under the preceding sentence for such taxable year shall be increased by the lesser of (i) 5 percent of such excess, or (ii) $11,750. In the case of a corporation which has taxable income in excess of $15,000,000, the amount of the tax determined under the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall be increased by an additional amount equal to the lesser of (i) 3 percent of such excess, or (ii) $100,000.

"(2) Certain personal service corporations not eligible for graduated rates.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the amount of the tax imposed by subsection (a) on the taxable income of a qualified personal service corporation (as defined in section 448(d)(2)) shall be equal to 35 percent of the taxable income."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–97, §12001(b)(11), substituted "the tax imposed by subsection (a)" for "the taxes imposed by subsection (a) and section 55".

1993—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–66, §13221(a)(3), inserted at end of closing provisions "In the case of a corporation which has taxable income in excess of $15,000,000, the amount of the tax determined under the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall be increased by an additional amount equal to the lesser of (i) 3 percent of such excess, or (ii) $100,000."

Subsec. (b)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 103–66, §13221(a)(1), (2), added subpars. (C) and (D) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "34 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $75,000."

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–66, §13221(b), substituted "35 percent" for "34 percent".

1988—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–647 substituted "the taxes imposed by subsection (a) and section 55" for "the tax imposed by subsection (a)".

1987—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–203 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "The amount of the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be the sum of—

"(1) 15 percent of so much of the taxable income as does not exceed $50,000,

"(2) 25 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $50,000 but does not exceed $75,000, and

"(3) 34 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $75,000.

In the case of a corporation which has taxable income in excess of $100,000 for any taxable year, the amount of tax determined under the preceding sentence for such taxable year shall be increased by the lesser of (A) 5 percent of such excess, or (B) $11,750."

1986—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–514 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "The amount of the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be the sum of—

"(1) 15 percent (16 percent for taxable years beginning in 1982) of so much of the taxable income as does not exceed $25,000;

"(2) 18 percent (19 percent for taxable years beginning in 1982) of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $25,000 but does not exceed $50,000;

"(3) 30 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $50,000 but does not exceed $75,000;

"(4) 40 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $75,000 but does not exceed $100,000; plus

"(5) 46 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $100,000.

In the case of a corporation with taxable income in excess of $1,000,000 for any taxable year, the amount of tax determined under the preceding sentence for such taxable year shall be increased by the lesser of (A) 5 percent of such excess, or (B) $20,250."

1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–369 inserted "In the case of a corporation with taxable income in excess of $1,000,000 for any taxable year, the amount of tax determined under the preceding sentence for such taxable year shall be increased by the lesser of (A) 5 percent of such excess, or (B) $20,250."

1981—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–34, §231(a)(1), substituted "15 percent (16 percent for taxable years beginning in 1982)" for "17 percent".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 97–34, §231(a)(2), substituted "18 percent (19 percent for taxable years beginning in 1982)" for "20 percent".

1978—Pub. L. 95–600 reduced corporate tax rates by substituting provisions imposing a five-step tax rate structure on corporate taxable income for provisions using a normal tax and surtax approach to the taxation of corporate taxable income.

1977—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–30, §201(1), substituted "December 31, 1978" for "December 31, 1977".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–30, §201(1), substituted "January 1, 1979" for "January 1, 1978" in provisions preceding subpar. (A).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 95–30, §201(2), substituted "December 31, 1978" for "December 31, 1977".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 95–30, §201(2), substituted "January 1, 1979" for "January 1, 1978".

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455 reenacted subsec. (a) without change.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–455, among other changes, substituted "December 31, 1977, 22 percent" for "December 31, 1976, 22 percent" and "after December 31, 1974 and before January 1, 1978" for "after December 31, 1974 and before January 1, 1977" and struck out provisions relating to the six-month application of the general rule.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out provisions relating to the special rule for 1976 for calendar year taxpayers.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–455, among other changes, substituted provisions relating to surtax exemption of $25,000 for a taxable year ending Dec. 31, 1977, or $50,000 for a taxable year ending after Dec. 31, 1974, and before Jan. 1, 1978, for provisions relating to surtax exemption of $50,000 for any taxable year and struck out provisions relating to six-month application of the general rule.

1975—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–164 redesignated existing pars. (1) and (2) as pars. (1)(A) and (1)(B), and in par. (1)(A) as so redesignated substituted "after December 31, 1976" for "before January 1, 1975 or after December 31, 1975", and in par. (1)(B) as so redesignated substituted "January 1, 1977" for "January 1, 1976", and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 94–12, §303(a), reduced the normal tax for a taxable year ending after Dec. 31, 1974, and before Jan. 1, 1976, to 20 percent of so much of the taxable income as does not exceed $25,000 plus 22 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $25,000.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–164 designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out special percentages for taxable years beginning before Jan. 1, 1964, and after Dec. 31, 1963 and before Jan. 1, 1965, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–164 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "$50,000" for "$25,000", inserted reference to section 1564 of this title, and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 94–12, §303(b), substituted "$50,000" for "$25,000".

1969—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–172 substituted "section 1561 or 1564" for "section 1561".

1966—Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 89–809, §104(b)(2)(A), struck out par. (4) which made reference to section 881(a) (relating to foreign corporations not engaged in business in United States).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–809, §104(b)(2)(B), added subsec. (f).

1964—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–272 applied the 30 percent tax to years beginning before Jan. 1, 1964 instead of July 1, 1964 in par. (1), and in par. (2), reduced the rate from 25 percent to 22 percent, and applied it to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1963, instead of June 30, 1964.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–272 increased the percentage from 22 to 28 for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1963, and before Jan. 1, 1965, and to 26 percent for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1964. The surtax exemption previously carried in subsec. (c), is now stated in subsec. (d).

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 88–272 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).

1963—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–52 substituted "July 1, 1964" for "July 1, 1963" and "June 30, 1964" for "June 30, 1963" wherever appearing.

1962—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–508 substituted "July 1, 1963" for "July 1, 1962" and "June 30, 1963" for "June 30, 1962" wherever appearing.

1961—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–72 substituted "July 1, 1962" for "July 1, 1961" and "June 30, 1962" for "June 30, 1961" wherever appearing.

1960—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–564 substituted "July 1, 1961" for "July 1, 1960" and "June 30, 1961" for "June 30, 1960" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 86–779 inserted "and real estate investment trusts" after "regulated investment companies".

1959—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–75 substituted "July 1, 1960" for "July 1, 1959" and "June 30, 1960" for "June 30, 1959" wherever appearing.

1958—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–475 substituted "July 1, 1959" for "July 1, 1958" and "June 30, 1959" for "June 30, 1958" wherever appearing.

1957—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–12 substituted "July 1, 1958" for "April 1, 1957" and "June 30, 1958" for "March 31, 1957" wherever appearing.

1956—Subsec. (b). Act Mar. 29, 1956, substituted "April 1, 1957" for "April 1, 1956" and "March 31, 1957" for "March 31, 1956" wherever appearing.

1955—Subsec. (b). Act Mar. 30, 1955, substituted "April 1, 1956" for "April 1, 1955" and "March 31, 1956" for "March 31, 1955" wherever appearing.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–169, title I, §10101(f), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1828, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 56A of this title and amending this section and sections 12, 38, 53, 55, 59, 860E, 882, 897, 6425, and 6655 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022."

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §12001(c), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2094, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 12, 38, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 168, 847, 848, 882, 897, 911, 962, 1561, 6425, and 6655 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017."

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §13001(c), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2098, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and sections 12, 280C, 453A, 527, 535, 594, 691, 801, 831, 832, 834, 852, 857, 860E, 882, 904, 1374, 1381, 1445, 1446, 1561, 6425, 6655, 7518, and 7874 of this title and repealing sections 1201 and 1551 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.

"(2) Withholding.—The amendments made by subsection (b)(3) [amending sections 1445 and 1446 of this title] shall apply to distributions made after December 31, 2017.

"(3) Certain transfers.—The amendments made by subsection (b)(6) [amending section 1561 of this title] shall apply to transfers made after December 31, 2017."

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13221(d), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 477, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 852, 1201, and 1445 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1993; except that the amendment made by subsection (c)(3) [amending section 1445 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 1993]."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10224(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–413, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1987."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–514, title VI, §601(b), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2249, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning on or after July 1, 1987.

"(2) Cross reference.—

"For treatment of taxable years which include July 1, 1987, see section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986."

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, §66(c), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 585, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1561 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1983.

"(2) Amendments not treated as changed in rate of tax.—The amendments made by this subsection [probably should be "section"] shall not be treated as a change in a rate of tax for purposes of section 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954]."

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–34, title II, §231(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 250, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1981."

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–600, title III, §301(c), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2824, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 12, 57, 244, 247, 511, 527, 528, 802, 821, 826, 852, 857, 882, 907, 922, 962, 1351, 1551, 1561, 6154, and 6655 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1978."

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–455, title IX, §901(d), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1607, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on December 23, 1975. The amendments made by subsection (b) [amending section 821 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1974. The amendments made by subsection (c) [amending sections 21, 1561, and 6154 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1975."

Effective and Termination Dates of 1975 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–164, §4(e), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 975, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (b), (c), and (d) [amending this section and sections 21, 962, and 1561 of this title] apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1975. The amendment made by subsection (c) [amending this section] ceases to apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1976."

Pub. L. 94–12, title III, §305(b)(1), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 45, provided that: "The amendments made by section 303 [amending this section and sections 12, 962, and 1561 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1974. The amendments made by subsections (b) and (c) of such section [amending this section and sections 12, 962, and 1561 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] shall cease to apply for taxable years ending after December 31, 1975."

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 401(h)(2) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 1561 of this title.

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–809, title I, §104(n), Nov. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 1563, provided that: "The amendments made by this section (other than subsection (k)) [enacting section 6683 to this title and amending this section and sections 245, 301, 512, 542, 543, 545, 819, 821, 822, 831, 832, 841, 842, 881, 882, 884, 952, 953, 1249, 1442, and 6016 of this title] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1966. The amendment made by subsection (k) [amending section 1248(d)(4) of this title] shall apply with respect to sales or exchanges occurring after December 31, 1966."

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 88–272, except for purposes of section 21 of this title, effective with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1963, see section 131 of Pub. L. 88–272, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1960 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–779 applicable with respect to taxable years of real estate investment trusts beginning after Dec. 31, 1960, see section 10(k) of Pub. L. 86–779, set out as an Effective Date note under section 856 of this title.

Allocation of 1975 Taxable Income Among Component Members of Controlled Group of Corporations

Pub. L. 94–12, title III, §303(c)(1), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 44, provided in part that: "In applying subsection (b)(2) of section 11 [former subsec. (b)(2) of this section], the first $25,000 of taxable income and the second $25,000 of taxable income shall each be allocated among the component members of a controlled group of corporations in the same manner as the surtax exemption is allocated."

§12. Cross references relating to tax on corporations

(1) For tax on the unrelated business income of certain charitable and other corporations exempt from tax under this chapter, see section 511.

(2) For accumulated earnings tax and personal holding company tax, see parts I and II of subchapter G (sec. 531 and following).

(3) For doubling of tax on corporations of certain foreign countries, see section 891.

(4) For rate of withholding in case of foreign corporations, see section 1442.

(5) For alternative minimum tax, see section 55.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 11; Pub. L. 88–272, title II, §234(b)(4), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 91–172, title III, §301(b)(3), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 585; Pub. L. 94–12, title III, §303(c)(2), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 44; Pub. L. 95–600, title III, §301(b)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2820; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §474(r)(29)(E), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 844; Pub. L. 99–514, title VII, §701(e)(4)(B), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2343; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §§12001(b)(12), 13001(b)(2)(B), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2094, 2096; Pub. L. 117–169, title I, §10101(a)(4)(D), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1822.)


Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Par. (5). Pub. L. 117–169 added par. (5).

2017—Pars. (4) to (6). Pub. L. 115–97, §13001(b)(2)(B), redesignated par. (5) as (4) and struck out former pars. (4) and (6) which read as follows:

"(4) For alternative tax in case of capital gains, see section 1201(a).

"(6) For limitation on benefits of graduated rate schedule provided in section 11(b), see section 1551."

Par. (7). Pub. L. 115–97, §12001(b)(12), struck out par. (7) which read as follows: "For alternative minimum tax, see section 55."

1986—Par. (7). Pub. L. 99–514 amended par. (7) generally, substituting "alternative minimum tax" and "55" for "minimum tax for tax preferences" and "56", respectively.

1984—Pars. (6) to (8). Pub. L. 98–369 redesignated pars. (7) and (8) as (6) and (7), respectively. Former par. (6), which referred to section 1451 for withholding of tax on tax-free covenant bonds, was struck out.

1978—Par. (7). Pub. L. 95–600 substituted "benefits of graduated rate schedule provided in section 11(b)" for "the $25,000 exemption from surtax provided in section 11(c)".

1975—Par. (7). Pub. L. 94–12 substituted "$50,000" for "$25,000" for a limited period. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1975 Amendment note set out below.

1969—Par. (8). Pub. L. 91–172 added par. (8).

1964—Par. (8). Pub. L. 88–272 struck out par. (8) which referred to section 1503 for additional tax for corporations filing consolidated returns.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–169 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2022, see section 10101(f) of Pub. L. 117–169, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by section 12001(b)(12) of Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 12001(c) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Amendment by section 13001(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 13001(c)(1) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with certain exceptions and qualifications, see section 701(f) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 55 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 not applicable with respect to obligations issued before Jan. 1, 1984, see section 475(b) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 33 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–600 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 301(c) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1975 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–12 applicable to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1974, but to cease to apply for taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 305(b)(1) of Pub. L. 94–12, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 301(c) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 88–272 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1963, see section 234(c) of Pub. L. 88–272, set out as a note under section 1503 of this title.

Applicability of Certain Amendments by Public Law 99–514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United States

For applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 notwithstanding any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, see section 1012(aa)(2) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

PART III—CHANGES IN RATES DURING A TAXABLE YEAR

Sec.
15.
Effect of changes.

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §474(b)(3), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 830, substituted "15. Effect of changes" for "21. Effect of changes".

§15. Effect of changes

(a) General rule

If any rate of tax imposed by this chapter changes, and if the taxable year includes the effective date of the change (unless that date is the first day of the taxable year), then—

(1) tentative taxes shall be computed by applying the rate for the period before the effective date of the change, and the rate for the period on and after such date, to the taxable income for the entire taxable year; and

(2) the tax for such taxable year shall be the sum of that proportion of each tentative tax which the number of days in each period bears to the number of days in the entire taxable year.

(b) Repeal of tax

For purposes of subsection (a)—

(1) if a tax is repealed, the repeal shall be considered a change of rate; and

(2) the rate for the period after the repeal shall be zero.

(c) Effective date of change

For purposes of subsections (a) and (b)—

(1) if the rate changes for taxable years "beginning after" or "ending after" a certain date, the following day shall be considered the effective date of the change; and

(2) if a rate changes for taxable years "beginning on or after" a certain date, that date shall be considered the effective date of the change.

(d) Section not to apply to inflation adjustments

This section shall not apply to any change in rates under subsection (f) of section 1 (relating to adjustments in tax tables so that inflation will not result in tax increases).

(e) References to highest rate

If the change referred to in subsection (a) involves a change in the highest rate of tax imposed by section 1 or 11(b), any reference in this chapter to such highest rate (other than in a provision imposing a tax by reference to such rate) shall be treated as a reference to the weighted average of the highest rates before and after the change determined on the basis of the respective portions of the taxable year before the date of the change and on or after the date of the change.

(f) Rate reductions enacted by Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001

This section shall not apply to any change in rates under subsection (i) of section 1 (relating to rate reductions after 2000).

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 12, §21; Pub. L. 88–272, title I, §132, Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 30; Pub. L. 91–172, title VIII, §803(e), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 685; Pub. L. 92–178, title II, §205, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 94–12, title III, §305(b)(2), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 45; Pub. L. 94–164, §4(d)(2), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 975; Pub. L. 94–455, title IX, §901(c)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1607; Pub. L. 95–30, title I, §101(d)(2), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 133; Pub. L. 95–600, title I, §106, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2776; Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §101(d)(3), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 184; renumbered §15, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §474(b)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 830; Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §101(b), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2099; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1006(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3393; Pub. L. 107–16, title I, §101(c)(3), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 43.)


Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–16, §101(c)(3), added subsec. (f).

1988—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–647 added subsec. (e).

1986—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–514 amended subsec. (d) generally, substituting "apply to inflation adjustments" for "apply to section 1 rate changes made by Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981" in heading and struck out "section 1 attributable to the amendments made by section 101 of the Economic Tax Act of 1981 or" before "subsection (f)" in text.

1984—Pub. L. 98–369 renumbered section 21 of this title as this section.

1981—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–34 substituted provisions that this section shall not apply to any change in rates under section 1 attributable to the amendments made by section 101 of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 or subsec. (f) of section 1 for provisions that had related to the changes made by section 303(b) of the Tax Reduction Act of 1975 in the surtax exemption.

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 97–34 struck out subsecs. (e) and (f) which had related, respectively, to changes made by the Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977 and to changes made by Revenue Act of 1978.

1978—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–600 added subsec. (f).

1977—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–30, §101(d)(2)(A), (B), redesignated subsec. (f) as (d). Former subsec. (d), which directed that, in applying subsec. (a) to a taxable year of an individual which was not a calendar year, each change made by the Tax Reform Act of 1969 in part I or in the application of part IV or V of subchapter B for purposes of the determination of taxable income should be treated as a change in a rate of tax, was struck out.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–30, §101(d)(2)(A), (C), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e), which directed that, in applying subsec. (a) to a taxable year of an individual which was not a calendar year, each change made by the Revenue Act of 1971 in section 141 (relating to the standard deduction) and section 151 (relating to personal exemptions) should be treated as a change in a rate of tax, was struck out.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–30, §101(d)(2)(B), redesignated subsec. (f) as (d).

1976—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–455 substituted "in the surtax exemption and any change under section 11(d) in the surtax exemption" for "and the change made by section 3(c) of the Revenue Adjustment Act of 1975 in section 11(d) (relating to corporate surtax exemption)".

1975—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–164 inserted reference to change made by section 3(c) of the Revenue Adjustment Act of 1975.

Pub. L. 94–12 added subsec. (f).

1971—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92–178 added subsec. (e).

1969—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–172 substituted provisions covering changes made by the Tax Reform Act of 1969 in case of individuals for provisions covering changes made by Revenue Act of 1964.

1964—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–272 amended subsection generally by substituting provisions relating to changes made by the Revenue Act of 1964, for provisions relating to taxable years beginning before Jan. 1, 1954, and ending after Dec. 31, 1953.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2001 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–16 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2000, see section 101(d)(1) of Pub. L. 107–16, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2001 Amendment note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 151(a) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1981, see section 101(f)(1) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–30 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 106(a) of Pub. L. 95–30, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective Date of 1975 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–164 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 4(e) of Pub. L. 94–164, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1975 Amendments note under section 11 of this title.

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–272, title I, §132, Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 30, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective with respect to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1963.

Coordination of 2017 Amendment With Section 15

This section not to apply to any change in a rate of tax by reason of section 1(j) of this title, as added by Pub. L. 115–97, see section 1(j)(6) of this title.

Coordination of 1997 Amendment With Section 15

Pub. L. 105–34, title I, §1(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 788, provided that: "No amendment made by this Act [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as a change in a rate of tax for purposes of section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986."

Coordination of 1993 Amendment With Section 15

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13001(c), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 416, provided that: "Except in the case of the amendments made by section 13221 [amending sections 11, 852, 1201, and 1445 of this title] (relating to corporate rate increase), no amendment made by this chapter [chapter 1 (§§13001–13444) of title XIII of Pub. L. 103–66, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as a change in a rate of tax for purposes of section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986."

Coordination of 1990 Amendment With Section 15

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11001(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–400, provided that: "Except as otherwise expressly provided in this title, no amendment made by this title [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as a change in a rate of tax for purposes of section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986."

Coordination of 1987 Amendment With Section 15

Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10000(c), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–382, provided that: "No amendment made by this title [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as a change in a rate of tax for purposes [of] section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986."

Coordination of 1986 Amendment With Section 15

Pub. L. 99–514, §3(b), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), for purposes of section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, no amendment or repeal made by this Act [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as a change in the rate of a tax imposed by chapter 1 of such Code.

"(2) Exception.—Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the amendment made by section 601 [amending section 11 of this title] (relating to corporate rate reductions)."

PART IV—CREDITS AGAINST TAX

Subpart
A.
Nonrefundable personal credits.
B.
Other credits.
C.
Refundable credits.
D.
Business-related credits.
E.
Rules for computing investment credit.
F.
Rules for computing work opportunity credit.
G.
Credit against regular tax for prior year minimum tax liability.1

        

[H to J.
Repealed.]

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2017—Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §13404(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2138, struck out items for subparts H "Nonrefundable credit to holders of clean renewable energy bonds", I "Qualified tax credit bonds", and J "Build America bonds".

2009—Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §1531(c)(6), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 360, added item for subpart J.

2008—Pub. L. 110–234, title XV, §15316(c)(5), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1511, and Pub. L. 110–246, title XV, §15316(c)(5), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 2273, made identical amendments, adding items for subparts H and I and striking out item for former subpart H "Nonrefundable credit to holders of certain bonds". The amendment by Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664.

2005—Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII, §1303(c)(1), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 996, added item for subpart H.

1996—Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §§1201(e)(3), 1601(b)(2)(F)(ii), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1772, 1833, substituted "Other credits" for "Foreign tax credit, etc." in item for subpart B and "work opportunity credit" for "targeted jobs credit" in item for subpart F.

1990—Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11813(b)(26), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–555, substituted "Rules for computing investment credit" for "Rules for computing credit for investment in certain depreciable property" in item for subpart E.

1984—Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §§471(a), 474(n)(3), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 825, 834, substituted "Nonrefundable personal credits" for "Credits allowable" in item for subpart A, "Foreign tax credit, etc" for "Rules for computing credit for investment in certain depreciable property" in item for subpart B, "Refundable credits" for "Rules for computing credit for expense of work incentive programs" in item for subpart C, and "Business-related credits" for "Rules for computing credit for employment of certain new employees" in item for subpart D, and added items for subparts E and F.

1977—Pub. L. 95–30, title II, §202(d)(1)(B), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 147, added subpart D.

1971—Pub. L. 92–178, title VI, §601(c)(1), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 557, added subpart C.

1 Editorially supplied. Subpart G of part IV added by Pub. L. 99–514 without corresponding amendment of part analysis.

Subpart A—Nonrefundable Personal Credits

Sec.
21.
Expenses for household and dependent care services necessary for gainful employment.
22.
Credit for the elderly and the permanently and totally disabled.
23.
Adoption expenses.
24.
Child tax credit.
25.
Interest on certain home mortgages.
25A.
American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning credits.
25B.
Elective deferrals and IRA contributions by certain individuals.
25C.
Energy efficient home improvement credit.
25D.
Residential clean energy credit.
25E.
Previously-owned clean vehicles.
26.
Limitation based on tax liability; definition of tax liability.

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–169, title I, §§13301(h)(2), 13302(c)(3), 13402(d), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1946, 1947, 1964, added items 25C to 25E and struck out former items 25C "Nonbusiness energy property" and 25D "Residential energy efficient property".

2018—Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title I, §101(l)(10), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1165, substituted "American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning credits" for "Hope and Lifetime Learning credits" in item 25A.

2010—Pub. L. 111–148, title X, §10909(b)(2)(O), (c), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 1023, as amended by Pub. L. 111–312, title I, §101(b)(1), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3298, temporarily struck out item 23 "Adoption expenses". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment note set out under section 1 of this title.

2005—Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII, §§1333(b)(2), 1335(b)(5), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1030, 1036, added items 25C and 25D.

2001—Pub. L. 107–16, title VI, §618(c), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 108, added item 25B.

1998—Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6004(a)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 792, substituted "Hope and Lifetime Learning credits" for "Higher education tuition and related expenses" in item 25A.

1997—Pub. L. 105–34, title I, §101(d)(3), title II, §201(e), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 799, 806, added items 24 and 25A.

1996—Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1807(c)(6), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1902, added item 23.

1990—Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11801(b)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–522, struck out item 23 "Residential energy credit".

1986—Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §112(b)(5), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2109, struck out item 24 "Contributions to candidates for public office".

1984—Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §§471(b), 612(f), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 826, 913, substituted "Nonrefundable Personal Credits" for "Credits Allowable" as subpart A heading, struck out analysis of sections 31 through 45 formerly comprising subpart A, and inserted a new analysis of sections consisting of items 21 (formerly 44A), 22 (formerly 37), 23 (formerly 44C), 24 (formerly 41), and 25 and 26 (newly enacted).

1983—Pub. L. 98–67 repealed amendments made by Pub. L. 97–248. See 1982 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 98–21, title I, §122(c)(7), Apr. 20, 1983, 97 Stat. 87, inserted "and the permanently and totally disabled" to item 37.

Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §515(b)(6)(D), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2181, substituted "and special fuels" for ", special fuels, and lubricating oil" after "gasoline" in item 39.

Pub. L. 97–414, §4(c)(1), Jan. 4, 1983, 96 Stat. 2056, added item 44H.

1982—Pub. L. 97–248, title III, §§307(b)(3), 308(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 590, 591, provided that, applicable to payments of interest, dividends, and patronage dividends paid or credited after June 30, 1983, item 31 is amended to read "Tax withheld on wages, interest, dividends, and patronage dividends". Section 102(a), (b) of Pub. L. 98–67, title I, Aug. 5, 1983, 97 Stat. 369, repealed subtitle A (§§301–308) of title III of Pub. L. 97–248 as of the close of June 30, 1983, and provided that the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] [this title] shall be applied and administered (subject to certain exceptions) as if such subtitle A (and the amendments made by such subtitle A) had not been enacted.

1981—Pub. L. 97–34, title II, §221(c)(2), title III, §331(e)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 247, 295, added items 44F and 44G.

1980—Pub. L. 96–223, title II, §§231(b)(1), 232(b)(3)(B), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 272, 276, added items 44D and 44E.

1978—Pub. L. 95–618, title I, §101(b)(1), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3179, added item 44C.

1977—Pub. L. 95–30, title I, §101(e)(1), title II, §202(d)(1)(A), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 134, 147, added item 44B and struck out item 36 "Credit not allowed to individuals taking standard deduction".

1976—Pub. L. 94–455, title IV, §401(a)(2)(D), title V, §§501(c)(2), 503(b)(5), 504(a)(2), title XIX, §1901(b)(1)(Z), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1555, 1559, 1562, 1565, 1792, substituted in item 42 "General tax credit" for "Taxable income credit", struck out in item 36 "pay optional tax or", inserted in item 33 "possession tax credit", substituted in item 37 "Credit of the elderly" for "Retirement income", added item 44A, and struck out item 35 "Partially tax-exempt interest received by individuals".

1975—Pub. L. 94–164, §3(a)(2), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 973, substituted "Taxable income credit" for "Credit for personal exemptions" in item 42.

Pub. L. 94–12, title II, §§203(b)(1), 204(c), 208(d)(1), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 30, 32, 35, renumbered item 42 as 45 and added item 42 applicable to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1974, but to cease to apply to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1975, item 43 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1974, but before Jan. 1, 1976, and item 44.

1971—Pub. L. 92–178, title VI, §601(c)(2), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 557, added items 40 and 41, and redesignated former item 40 as 42.

1970—Pub. L. 91–258, title II, §207(d)(10), May 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 249, inserted ", special fuels," after "gasoline" in item 39.

1965—Pub. L. 89–44, title VIII, §809(d)(1), June 21, 1965, 79 Stat. 167, added item 39 and redesignated former item 39 as 40.

1964—Pub. L. 88–272, title II, §201(d)(1), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 32, struck out item 34.

1962—Pub. L. 87–834, §2(g)(1), (2), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 972, 973, added headings of subparts A and B and item 38, and redesignated former item 38 as 39.

§21. Expenses for household and dependent care services necessary for gainful employment

(a) Allowance of credit

(1) In general

In the case of an individual for which there are 1 or more qualifying individuals (as defined in subsection (b)(1)) with respect to such individual, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount equal to the applicable percentage of the employment-related expenses (as defined in subsection (b)(2)) paid by such individual during the taxable year.

(2) Applicable percentage defined

For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "applicable percentage" means 35 percent reduced (but not below 20 percent) by 1 percentage point for each $2,000 (or fraction thereof) by which the taxpayer's adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds $15,000.

(b) Definitions of qualifying individual and employment-related expenses

For purposes of this section—

(1) Qualifying individual

The term "qualifying individual" means—

(A) a dependent of the taxpayer (as defined in section 152(a)(1)) who has not attained age 13,

(B) a dependent of the taxpayer (as defined in section 152, determined without regard to subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B)) who is physically or mentally incapable of caring for himself or herself and who has the same principal place of abode as the taxpayer for more than one-half of such taxable year, or

(C) the spouse of the taxpayer, if the spouse is physically or mentally incapable of caring for himself or herself and who has the same principal place of abode as the taxpayer for more than one-half of such taxable year.

(2) Employment-related expenses

(A) In general

The term "employment-related expenses" means amounts paid for the following expenses, but only if such expenses are incurred to enable the taxpayer to be gainfully employed for any period for which there are 1 or more qualifying individuals with respect to the taxpayer:

(i) expenses for household services, and

(ii) expenses for the care of a qualifying individual.


Such term shall not include any amount paid for services outside the taxpayer's household at a camp where the qualifying individual stays overnight.

(B) Exception

Employment-related expenses described in subparagraph (A) which are incurred for services outside the taxpayer's household shall be taken into account only if incurred for the care of—

(i) a qualifying individual described in paragraph (1)(A), or

(ii) a qualifying individual (not described in paragraph (1)(A)) who regularly spends at least 8 hours each day in the taxpayer's household.

(C) Dependent care centers

Employment-related expenses described in subparagraph (A) which are incurred for services provided outside the taxpayer's household by a dependent care center (as defined in subparagraph (D)) shall be taken into account only if—

(i) such center complies with all applicable laws and regulations of a State or unit of local government, and

(ii) the requirements of subparagraph (B) are met.

(D) Dependent care center defined

For purposes of this paragraph, the term "dependent care center" means any facility which—

(i) provides care for more than six individuals (other than individuals who reside at the facility), and

(ii) receives a fee, payment, or grant for providing services for any of the individuals (regardless of whether such facility is operated for profit).

(c) Dollar limit on amount creditable

The amount of the employment-related expenses incurred during any taxable year which may be taken into account under subsection (a) shall not exceed—

(1) $3,000 if there is 1 qualifying individual with respect to the taxpayer for such taxable year, or

(2) $6,000 if there are 2 or more qualifying individuals with respect to the taxpayer for such taxable year.


The amount determined under paragraph (1) or (2) (whichever is applicable) shall be reduced by the aggregate amount excludable from gross income under section 129 for the taxable year.

(d) Earned income limitation

(1) In general

Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amount of the employment-related expenses incurred during any taxable year which may be taken into account under subsection (a) shall not exceed—

(A) in the case of an individual who is not married at the close of such year, such individual's earned income for such year, or

(B) in the case of an individual who is married at the close of such year, the lesser of such individual's earned income or the earned income of his spouse for such year.

(2) Special rule for spouse who is a student or incapable of caring for himself

In the case of a spouse who is a student or a qualifying individual described in subsection (b)(1)(C), for purposes of paragraph (1), such spouse shall be deemed for each month during which such spouse is a full-time student at an educational institution, or is such a qualifying individual, to be gainfully employed and to have earned income of not less than—

(A) $250 if subsection (c)(1) applies for the taxable year, or

(B) $500 if subsection (c)(2) applies for the taxable year.


In the case of any husband and wife, this paragraph shall apply with respect to only one spouse for any one month.

(e) Special rules

For purposes of this section—

(1) Place of abode

An individual shall not be treated as having the same principal place of abode of the taxpayer if at any time during the taxable year of the taxpayer the relationship between the individual and the taxpayer is in violation of local law.

(2) Married couples must file joint return

If the taxpayer is married at the close of the taxable year, the credit shall be allowed under subsection (a) only if the taxpayer and his spouse file a joint return for the taxable year.

(3) Marital status

An individual legally separated from his spouse under a decree of divorce or of separate maintenance shall not be considered as married.