The Complete Guide to the British Peerage & Baronetage |
If you have found this page useful, why not make a donation to The Peerage Research Trust so that we can continue to maintain and develop Cracroft's Peerage?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Moray, Earl of (S, 1561/2)
Creation: let. pat. 30 Jan 1561/2
Family name: Stewart later Stuart later Stuart-Gray later Stuart
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Arms:
Quarterly: 1st and 4th, the Royal Arms of Scotland (Or a Lion rampant within a Double Tressure flory counterflory Gules) surrounded with a Bordure company Argent and Azure (Moray); 2nd, Or a Fess checky Azure and Argent (Stewart of Doune); 3rd, Or Three Cushions within a Double Tressure flory counterflory Gules (Randolph, Earl of Moray)
Crest:
A Pelican in her piety proper
Supporters:
On either side a Greyhound Argent collared Gules
Motto:
Salus per Christum Redemptorem (Salvation through Christ the Redeemer)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
James [Stewart], 1st Earl of Moray, PC
illegit. son of James V, King of Scotland by his mistress Hon Margaret Erskine, 2nd dau. of John [Erskine], 5th Lord Erskine and de jure 16th Earl of Mar
born
c. 1531
mar.
8 Feb 1561/2 Lady Agnes Keith (mar. (2) bef. 26 Feb 1571/2 Colin [Campbell], 6th Earl of Argyll; d. 16 Jul 1588), 1st dau. of William [Keith], 3rd Earl Marischal, by his wife Margaret Keith, dau. and cohrss. of William Keith, Yr. of Inverurie
children
1. Lady Elizabeth Stewart, later suo jure Countess of Moray
2. Lady Annabel Stewart (d. bef. Nov 1572)
3. Lady Margaret Stewart (b. betw. 21 Jan and 18 Apr 1570; dsp. bef. 3 Aug 1586), mar.after 22 Apr 1584 as his first wife Francis [Hay], 9th Earl of Erroll
died
s.p.m. 21 Jan 1569/70
created
30 Jan 1561/2 Lord Abernethy and Strathdearn, and Earl of Moray, with remainder to the heirs male of his body; regranted 22 Jan 1563/4, with the same remainder; regranted 1 Jun 1566, with remainder to heirs general
7 Feb 1561/2 Earl of Mar, but resigned a few months later
suc. by
son-in-law
note
granted the priories of St Andrews and Pittenweem 1538; legitimated 1550/1; a Lord of the Congregation 1559; Privy Councillor 1561; Regent of Scotland 1567-69/70
Lady Elizabeth Stewart, suo jure Countess of Moray
born
c. Aug 1565
mar.
23 Jan 1580/1 James [Stewart], jure uxoris Earl of Moray later 2nd Lord Doune
children
1. Hon James Stewart, later 3rd Earl of Moray
2. Hon Sir Francis Stewart, Knight of the Bath 1610, a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to King Charles I
1. Lady Margaret Stewart (d. 4 Aug 1639), mar. (1) Sep 1603 as his second wife Charles [Howard], 1st Earl of Nottingham, and (2) 25 Oct 1625 as his first wife William [Monson], 1st Viscount Monson, and had issue by her first husband
2. Lady Elizabeth Stewart (dsp. bef. 30 Dec 1608), mar. 5 Aug 1605 as his first wife John [Abernethy], 8th Lord Saltoun of Abernethy
3. Lady Grizel Stewart, mar. after 18 Dec 1611 Rt Hon Sir Robert Innes of that Ilk, 1st Bt. MP (d. 17 Nov 1658), and had issue
died
18 Nov 1591
suc. by
son
James [Stewart], 3rd Earl of Moray, PC
born
mar.
2 Oct 1607 Lady Anne Gordon, 1st dau. of George [Gordon], 1st Marquess of Huntly, by his wife Lady Henrietta Stuart, 1st dau. of Esmé [Stuart], 1st Duke of Lennox
children
1. Hon James Stewart, later 4th Earl of Moray
2. Hon George Stewart (d. unm.)
1. Lady Mary Stewart (d. 18 Dec 1662), mar. 24 Apr 1640 James Grant, 7th of Freuchie (b. 24 Jun 1616; bur. 10 Oct 1663), and had issue
died
6 Aug 1638
suc. by
son
note
Privy Councillor 1607/8; surrendered the Earldom to the Crown and on 17 Apr 1611 obtained a new grant in favour of himself and the heirs male of his body, with remainder to his brother Francis and the heirs male of his body, whom failing to his nearest heirs and assignees; suc. his cousin betw. 1612 and 1620 as 3rd Lord Saint Colme; Justiciar, Inverness, Elgin and Forres 1618; King's Lieutenant, Justiciar and Commissioner for the North 1628-29
James [Stewart], 4th Earl of Moray, PC
born
mar.
after 18 Oct 1627 Lady Margaret Home (d. betw. 9 Mar and May 1683), sister and cohrss. of James [Home], 2nd Earl of Home, and 1st dau. of Alexander [Home], 1st Earl of Home, by his second wife Hon Mary Sutton, 1st dau. of Edward [Sutton], 5th Baron Dudley
children
1. Hon James Stewart, styled Lord Doune (dvp. bef. 14 Jun 1653)
2. Hon Alexander Stuart, later 5th Earl of Moray
3. Hon Francis Stewart of Cullelo (dsp.)
4. Hon John Stewart (bapt. 30 Jan 1639)
5. Hon Archibald Stewart of Dunearn, Governor of Stirling Castle (bapt. 28 Feb 1643; d. Feb 1688), mar. Anne Henderson, dau. of Sir John Henderson of Fordel, and had issue
1. Lady Mary Stewart (d. May 1668), mar. 13 May 1650 as his first wife Archibald [Campbell], 9th Earl of Argyll, and had issue
2. Lady Margaret Stewart (d. Jan 1667), mar. after 26 Aug 1654 as his third wife Alexander [Sutherland], 1st Lord Duffus, and had issue
3. Lady Henrietta Stewart, mar. 1662 Sir Hugh Campbell of Cawdor (d. 11 Mar 1716), and had issue
4. Lady Anne Stewart (bapt. 4 Jun 1644; d. young)
5. Lady Anne Stewart (bapt. 29 Mar 1650; d. Aug 1719), mar. after 15 Mar 1666 David Ross of Balnagowan
died
4 Mar 1652/3
suc. by
son
note
Privy Councillor 1637/8
Alexander [Stuart], 5th Earl of Moray, KT PC
bapt.
8 May 1634
mar.
c. 1658 Emilia Balfour (bur. 17 Jan 1682/3), dau. of Sir William Balfour of Pitcullo, Lieutenant of the Tower of London
children
1. Hon James Stuart, styled Lord Doune, Sheriff of Elgin and Forres and Lt Col of Militia 1682, Sheriff of Moray and Col of Militia 1685 (dspm. and vp. 1693), mar. 29 Dec 1677 Lady Catherine Tollemache (mar. (2) as his second wife John [Gordon later Sutherland], 16th Earl of Sutherland; d. 1703), 2nd dau. of Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Bt., of Helmingham Hall, co. Suffolk, by his wife Lady Elizabeth Murray, suo jure Countess of Dysart, 1st dau. and hrss. of line of William [Murray], 1st Earl of Dysart, and had issue:
1a. Hon Elizabeth Stuart (dsp. 22 Apr 1708), mar. 3 Dec 1698 as his first wife Brig Gen Alexander Grant, 2nd of Grant (dsp. 14 Aug 1719)
2a. Hon Amelia Stuart (d. 18 Feb 1711), mar. (1) 1697 Alexander Fraser, 5th of Strichen (d. 1702), 1st son and heir of Thomas Fraser, 4th of Strichen, by his wife Marion Irvine, 2nd dau. of Robert Irvine of Fedderet by his wife Elizabeth Campbell, 2nd dau. by his second wife of Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy, 1st Bt., and (2) c. 1702 John [Lindsay], 19th Earl of Crawford, and had issue by both husbands
2. Hon Sir Charles Stuart, 1st Bt., later 6th Earl of Moray
3. Hon John Stuart (dsp.)
4. Hon Francis Stuart, later 7th Earl of Moray
1. Lady Mary Stuart (b. c. 1665 ; d. 27 Oct 1718)
died
1 Nov 1701
suc. by
son
note
Sheriff of Inverness 1660; Privy Councillor 1660/1; Lord Justice-General of Scotland 1675-76; a Lord of the Treasury 1678; an Extraordinary Lord of Session 1680-89; Secretary of State for Scotland 1680-89; High Commissioner to the Scottish Parliament 1686; one of the eight original Knights of the Thistle 1687; deprived of all offices 1688 and apprehended 1688/9 on suspicion of treason
Charles [Stuart], 6th Earl of Moray, KT
born
c. 1660
mar.
his cousin Lady Anne Maitland (widow of Richard [Maitland], 4th Earl of Lauderdale; dsp. 18 Sep or Dec 1734), 2nd dau. of Archibald [Campbell], 9th Earl of Argyll, by his first wife Lady Mary Stewart, 1st dau. of James [Stewart], 4th Earl of Moray
died
s.p. 7 Oct 1735
created
v.p. 23 Sep 1681 a Baronet of Scotland, with remainder to the heirs male of his body
suc. by
brother
note
Conjunct Director of Chancery 1683; a Commissioner of Supply 1702-06; Knight of the Thistle 1731; on his death the Baronetcy became extinct
Francis [Stuart], 7th Earl of Moray
born
4 Sep 1673 or 1674
mar. (1)
Sep 1698 Elizabeth Murray (dsps.), only dau. of Hon Sir John Murray of Drumcairn, a Lord of Session 1681-89 (by his wife Katherine Murray, dau. of William Murray of Drumcairn), yr. brother of David [Murray], 4th Viscount of Stormont
mar. (2)
Jul 1702 Hon Jean Elphinstone (d. 14 May 1739), 2nd dau. of John [Elphinstone], 4th Lord Balmerinoch and 3rd Lord Coupar, by his first wife Lady Christiana Montgomerie, 3rd dau. by his second wife of Hugh [Montgomerie], 7th Earl of Eglinton
children by second wife
1. Hon James Stuart, later 8th Earl of Moray
2. Maj Gen Hon John Stuart of Pittendreich, Member of Parliament for Anstruther Easter 1741-47 (b. c. 1708; d. 13 Aug 1796)
3. Lt Col Hon Francis Stuart of Pittendreich (d. 28 Aug 1760), mar. (1) 4 Jan 1745 his second cousin Lady Helen Montgomerie (d. 4 Jan 1747), 2nd dau. by his third wife of Alexander [Montgomerie], 9th Earl of Eglinton, and (2) .... ..... (d. 13 Feb 1784), and had issue by both wives
4. Capt Hon Archibald Stuart RN (d. 20 Feb 1795)
5. Maj Hon Henry Stuart
1. Lady Anne Stuart (b. c. 1703; d. 17 Jan 1783), mar. John Steuart of Blackhall
2. Lady Amelia Stuart (d. 18 May 1781), mar. after 15 Feb 1738 Lt Col Sir Peter Halkett of Pitfirran, 2nd Bt. MP (d. 9 Jul 1755), and had issue
died
11 Dec 1739
suc. by
son by second wife
note
James [Stuart], 8th Earl of Moray, KT
born
1708
mar. (1)
Dec 1734 his second cousin Grace Gordon (widow of John [Gordon], 3rd Earl of Aboyne; d. 17 Nov 1738), dau. of George Lockhart of Carnwath, by his wife Lady Euphemia Montgomerie, 2nd dau. by his first wife of Alexander [Montgomerie], 9th Earl of Eglinton
children by first wife
1. Hon Francis Stuart, later 9th Earl of Moray
1. Lady Euphemia Stuart (b. 27 Aug 1735; d. 3 Oct 1770)
mar. (2)
12 Apr 1740 Lady Margaret Wemyss (d. 31 Aug 1779), 2nd dau. of David [Wemyss], 4th Earl of Wemyss, by his second wife Mary Robinson, 1st dau. and cohrss. of Sir John Robinson, 2nd Bt., of Farmingwoods, co. Northampton
children by second wife
2. Lt Col Hon James Stuart, Deputy-Governor of Fort George 1777 (b. 17 Apr 1741; d. 4 May 1808)
3. Lieut Hon David Stuart RN (b. 1745; d. 12 Jun 1784), mar. Elizabeth Begg (d. 14 Oct 1799), and had issue
died
5 Jul 1767
suc. by
son by first wife
note
Knight of the Thistle 1741; a Representative Peer for Scotland 1741-67; Grand Master of Scottish Freemasons 1744-45
Francis [Stuart], 9th Earl of Moray
born
11 Jan 1737
mar.
28 Jun 1763 Hon Jean Gray (bapt. 5 Jul 1743; d. 19 Feb 1736), 2nd dau. of John [Gray], 11th Lord Gray, by his wife Margaret Blair, 1st dau. and hrss. of line of Alexander Blair of Kinfauns
children
1. Hon James Stuart, styled Lord Doune (b. 2 Mar 1765; dvp. 11 Jun 1776)
2. Hon John Stuart, styled Lord Doune, Member of Parliament (Tory) for Great Bedwyn 1790-91 (b. 11 Feb 1768 ; dvp. 6 Jul 1791)
3. Hon Francis Stuart, later 10th Earl of Moray
4. Lt Col Hon Archibald Stuart (b. 2 Feb 1771; d. 30 Oct 1832), mar. 17 Mar 1793 Cornelia Pleydell (d. 1 Mar 1830), yst. dau. of Edmund Morton Pleydell, of Milbourne St Andrew, co. Dorset, and had issue:
1a. Francis Archibald Stuart (b. 5 Dec 1793; d. 14 Jul 1875)
2a. John Morton Stuart (b. 20 Apr 1795; d. 6 Jul 1840)
3a. James William Stuart (b. 21 Feb 1797; d. 2 Dec 1850)
4a. Rev Edmund Luttrell Stuart, Rector of Winterbourne Houghton, co. Dorset (b. 21 Feb 1798; d. 5 Nov 1869), mar. 2 Sep 1834 Elizabeth Jackson (d. 28 Mar 1885), 2nd dau. of Rev J L Jackson, of Swanage, co. Dorset, and had issue:
1b. Edmund Archibald Stuart, later 15th Earl of Moray
2b. Francis James Stuart, later 16th Earl of Moray
3b. Hon Morton Gray Stuart, granted the style and precedence of the younger son of an Earl by Royal Licence 1897, later 17th Earl of Moray
1b. Lady Cornelia Stuart, granted the style and precedence of the daughter of an Earl by Royal Licence 1897 (d. 24 May 1933), mar. 29 Jul 1873 Rev William Henry Augustus Truell, of Clonmannon, co. Wicklow, Vicar of Wall, co. Stafford (d. 27 Jan 1934), and had issue
5a. Douglas Wynne Stuart (b. 8 May 1801; d. 10 Dec 1855), mar. 4 Feb 1842 Marcia Luttrell (d. 13 Feb 1870), yst. dau. of Francis Fownes Luttrell, and had issue
6a. Rev George Gray Stuart (b. 20 Apr 1805; d. 11 Jun 1835)
5. Hon Charles Stuart (d. unm.)
1. Lady Grace Stuart (d. Mar 1846), mar. 10 Jul 1789 George Douglas of Cavers
2. Lady Anne Stuart (b. c. 1781; d. 18 Apr 1837)
died
28 Aug 1810
created
4 Jun 1796 Baron Stuart, of Castle Stuart in the County of Inverness
suc. by
son
note
a Representative Peer for Scotland (Tory) 1784-96; Lord Lieutenant of Moray 1794-1810
Francis [Stuart], 10th Earl of Moray, KT
born
2 Feb 1771
mar. (1)
26 Jan 1795 Lucy Scott (b.c. 1773; d. 3 Aug 1798), 2nd dau. and cohrss. of Maj Gen John Scott of Balcomie, by his wife Margaret Dundas, yst. dau. of Rt Hon Robert Dundas of Arniston, Lord President of the Court of Session
children by first wife
1. Hon Francis Stuart, later 11th Earl of Moray
2. Hon John Stuart, later 12th Earl of Moray
mar. (2)
7 Jan 1801 his cousin Margaret Jane Ainslie (d. 3 Apr 1837), 1st dau. of Sir Philip Ainslie of Pilton, by his wife Hon Elizabeth Gray, 5th dau. of John [Gray], 11th Lord Gray
children by second wife
3. Capt Hon James Stuart (b. 17 Jan 1804; dvp. 12 Dec 1840)
4. Hon ..... Stuart (b. and dvp. 1 Apr 1805)
5. Hon Archibald Stuart, later 13th Earl of Moray
6. Hon Charles Stuart (b. 23 Apr 1812; dvp. 21 Jan 1847)
7. Hon George Philip Stuart, later 14th Earl of Moray
1. Hon Elizabeth Stuart (b. 19 Nov 1801; dvp. 1802)
2. Lady Jane Stuart (b. 30 Nov 1802; d. 14 Mar 1880), mar. (1) 25 Jan 1832 Sir John Archibald Drummond Steuart of Grandtully, 6th Bt. (dsp. 20 May 1838), and (2) 25 Aug 1838 Dr Jeremiah Lonsdale Pounden, of Brownswood, co. Wexford (d. 3 Mar 1887), and had issue by her second husband, an only child:
1a. Eveleen Pounden, later suo jure Lady Gray
3. Lady Margaret Jane Stuart (b. 17 Sep 1807; d. 16 Sep 1863)
4. Lady Ann Grace Stuart (b. 6 Mar 1809; d. 11 Sep 1873)
5. Lady Louisa Stuart (b. May 1813; d. 14 Feb 1864)
died
12 Jan 1848
suc. by
son by first wife
note
Grand Master of Scottish Freemasons 1796-98; Lord Lieutenant of Elginshire 1810-48; Knight of the Thistle 1827
Francis [Stuart], 11th Earl of Moray
born
7 Nov 1795
died
s.p. 6 May 1859
suc. by
brother
John [Stuart], 12th Earl of Moray
born
25 Jan 1797
died
s.p. 8 Nov 1867
suc. by
half-brother
Archibald George [Stuart], 13th Earl of Moray
born
3 Mar 1810
died
s.p. 12 Feb 1872
suc. by
brother
George Philip [Stuart], 14th Earl of Moray
born
14 Aug 1816
died
s.p. 16 Mar 1895
suc. by
cousin
note
suc. his cousin 27 May 1878 as 18th Lord Gray; on his death the Lordship of Gray passed to his niece, Eveleen Pounden
Edmund Archibald [Stuart later Stuart-Gray later Stuart], 15th Earl of Moray
born
5 Nov 1840
mar.
6 Sep 1877 Anna Mary Collinson (d. 29 Jan 1915), dau. of Rev George John Collinson, Vicar of St James, Clapham, London
died
s.p. 11 Jun 1901
suc. by
brother
Francis James [Stuart later Stuart-Gray later Stuart], 16th Earl of Moray
born
24 Nov 1842
mar.
24 Jun 1879 Gertrude Floyer Smith (d. 15 Mar 1928), dau. of Rev Francis Smith, Rector of Tarrant Rushton, co. Dorset
died
s.p. 20 Nov 1909
suc. by
brother
Morton Gray [Stuart later Stuart-Gray later Stuart], 17th Earl of Moray
born
16 Apr 1855
mar.
17 Dec 1890 Edith Douglas Palmer (d. 17 Apr 1945), dau. of Rear Adm George Palmer
children
1. Hon Francis Douglas Stuart, later 18th Earl of Moray
2. Hon Archibald John Morton Stuart, later 19th Earl of Moray
3. Hon James Gray Stuart, later 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn
1. Lady Hermione Moray Stuart (b. 13 Oct 1899; d. 19...), mar. 23 Apr 1919 Adml Sir Henry Tritton Buller GCVO CB (d. 29 Aug 1960), son of Adml Sir Alexander Buller GCB, of Erle Hall, co. Devon, and had issue
died
19 Apr 1930
suc. by
son
Francis Douglas [Stuart], 18th Earl of Moray, MC
born
10 Jul 1892
mar.
21 Jun 1924 Barbara Murray (d. 16 Apr 1996), dau. of John Archibald Murray, of Fifth Avenue, New York, USA
children
1. Lady Mary Anne Stuart (b. 23 Jun 1926), mar. (1) 20 Sep 1945 (div. 1960) Leonard Harold Robert Byng (d. 2 Sep 1974), only son of Frederick Gustav Byng, and (2) 24 Mar 1961 Lt Col John Bovill Denham (d. 1990), only son of Sir Edward Brandis Denham GCMG KBE, and has issue by both husbands
2. Lady Sarah Grey Stuart (b. 23 Sep 1928), mar. 9 Aug 1947 (div. 1977) Charles Hedworth [Mills], 4th Baron Hillingdon, and has issue
3. Lady Arabella Stuart (b. 11 Jul 1934), mar. 9 Dec 1956 (div. 1981) (Charles) Mark Edward Boxer, cartoonist (d. 1988), son of Lt Col Harold Stephen Boxer, of Bushey Heath, co. Hertford, and has issue
died
s.p.m. 9 Jul 1943
suc. by
brother
note
Lord Lieutenant of Morayshire 1935-43
Archibald John Morton [Stuart], 19th Earl of Moray
born
14 Nov 1894
mar.
28 Jan 1922 Mabel Helen Maud Wilson (d. 1 Oct 1968), only child of Benjamin "Matabele" Wilson, of Battlefields, Southern Rhodesia
children
1. Hon Douglas John Moray Stuart, later 20th Earl of Moray
2. Hon Charles Rodney Stanford Stuart. of 6 Lynch Road, Farnham, co. Surrey, and Delupes Mill, Dunphail, co. Moray (b. 30 May 1933), mar. (1) 8 Jul 1961 (div. 1986) Sasha Ann Lewis, 1st dau. of Lt Col Richard George Lewis, of Stow-on-the-Wold, co. Gloucester, and (2) 1986 Franke Stender, only dau. of Hans Stender, of Marne, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and has issue by his first wife
3. Hon James Wallace Wilson Stuart, of 67 Cloncurry Street, London (b. 30 May 1933), mar. 28 Nov 1958 Jane Scott Richards, only dau. of G/Capt Henry Gordon Richards, of Louisville, Kentucky, USA, and has issue
1. Lady Hermione Mary Morton Stuart (b. 2 Mar 1925; d. 2 Sep 1969), mar. (1) 16 Jun 1950 (div. 1960) Cdr John Oliver Roberts RN, 1st son of John Vaughan Roberts, of Llangurig, co. Montgomery, and (2) 13 Dec 1961 HRH Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia, only son of HRH Prince Friedrich Sigismund of Prussia, and had issue by her first husband
died
27 Mar 1974
suc. by
son
Douglas John Moray [Stuart], 20th Earl of Moray
born
13 Feb 1928
mar.
27 Jan 1964 Lady Malvina Dorothea Murray (b. 27 Jan 1936), 1st dau. of Mungo David Malcolm [Murray], 7th Earl of Mansfield, by his wife Dorothea Helena Carnegie, 2nd dau. of Rt Hon Sir Lancelot Douglas Carnegie GCVO KCMG
children
1. Hon John Douglas Stuart, later 21st Earl of Moray
1. Lady Louisa Helena Stuart (b. 18 Aug 1968), mar. 20 Jul 2002 David John Stewart Howitt, son of Capt Michael J Howitt OBE RN by his wife Nino Stewart of Kinlochmoidart, and has issue
died
23 Sep 2011
suc. by
son
John Douglas [Stuart], 21st Earl of Moray
born
29 Aug 1966
mar.
1 Jul 2000 Catherine Jane Lawson, dau. of Prof Alan Lawson, of Cloncarrow, co. Wicklow
children
1. Hon James Douglas Stuart, styled Lord Doune (b. 30 Nov 2002)
2. Hon Alexander Francis Alan Stuart (b. 3 Nov 2004)
Last updated 19 Feb 2012
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Titles:
21st Earl of Moray
(Scotland, let. pat. 30 Jan 1561/62)
21st Lord Abernethy and Strathdearn
(Scotland, let. pat. 30 Jan 1561/62)
21st Lord Doune
(Scotland, let. pat. 24 Nov 1581)
21st Lord St Colme
(Scotland, let. pat. 7 Mar 1611)
13th Baron Stuart, of Castle Stuart in the County of Inverness
(Great Britain, let. pat. 4 Jun 1796)
Addresses:
Doune Park, Doune, Perthshire FK16 6HA
Tel: 01786 841333
Darnaway Castle, Forres, Moray IV36 0ST
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ã Copyright: Heraldic Media Limited. All rights reserved.
"