Romania. People repeatedly call out "Dobai Mare!" to Baba Luda—which translates, roughly, into "big penis." In this small Transylvanian village, Baba Luda conducts a ritual cleansing when spring begins, which aims to drive away the darkness and the evil spirits. Baba Luda itself merely means "crazy grandma." © Friso Spoelstra
Bulgaria. The face of the bride Fikre is painted white, and is decorated with various ornaments. For the rest of the day, she is not allowed to open her eyes. © Friso Spoelstra
Bulgaria. The dowry is on display during a 3-day wedding in a Pomak village in rural Bulgaria. © Friso Spoelstra
Bulgaria. Watching the traditional Horo dance during a Pomak wedding. © Friso Spoelstra
Germany. In Bavaria, Sankt Niklaus parades through the streets accompanied by a little angel and some Krampus –young devilish-looking men wearing animal skins. © Friso Spoelstra
Germany. Once darkness has set in, Sankt Niklaus and the Krampus go around the houses with a big book containing all the deeds and sins of the people they visit. © Friso Spoelstra
Belgium. On the Sunday morning of the Laetare, or the third Sunday before Easter, the Blanc Moussis walk through the streets of the Belgian town of Stavelot. © Friso Spoelstra
Belgium. The Blanc Moussis are a brotherhood whose legend started in 1502. These brotherhoods can be seen at many festivals. © Friso Spoelstra
Latvia. Midsummer Night is also known as the summer solstice. It is an important festival in traditional Latvia. Older Latvians still refer to this location as the "Mountain of the Sun,"—as it was known before the Soviet occupation. © Friso Spoelstra
Latvia. At one o’clock in the morning, naked men walk into the water with lit torches. Vapor rises from the lake, giving everything a foggy, mysterious air. © Friso Spoelstra
Greece. In the village of Olympos, the locals are exceedingly conservative. For example, above, a Greek-American boy is getting married to an island girl. The marriage was arranged by their families. © Friso Spoelstra
Greece. On Clean Monday (marking the start of Lent, before Easter), is the day of "Alevromujuroma," the Flour War. It is a festive rebellion. Everything and everyone is covered with the colored baking powder, and no one remains recognizable. Today, for a moment, there is no crisis, and everyone is equal: young, old, male, female, Greek, and foreigner. © Friso Spoelstra
Northern Ireland. Ireland is the cradle of Halloween, and here in Derry it is still an important celebration. On Hallow-e’en, the gate to the "Other Side" opens up. The spirits of the deceased return to take possession of a living body. © Friso Spoelstra
Estonia. In Tallinn, one of the world’s largest singing events takes place once every five years: Laulupidu. For two days, amateur choirs from all over Estonia sing folk music. © Friso Spoelstra
Estonia. Traditional Baltic singing and music are a way of life for the Estonians. Singing in their own language holds a great symbolic significance. © Friso Spoelstra
Italy. The Feste Pagane of Sardinia symbolizes the struggle between the shepherds and the evil spirits that freeze the land in the winter. Anyone who comes too close to the Merdules gets vicious lashes (your photographer included). © Friso Spoelstra
Italy. Youngsters looking their best during the Feste Pagane of Sardinia. © Friso Spoelstra
France. The mid-14th century witnessed a major conflict between the French villages of Aumelas and Cournonterral, in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. As with any good tradition, the event is revived every year during the Fete de Pailhasses on Ash Wednesday. © Friso Spoelstra
France. On July 14th, Goudelin, in the state of Brittany, celebrates the French national holiday in their own way. Here, all the horses are baptized in the name of Saint Eloy as a way to herald a good harvest season. © Friso Spoelstra
Bulgaria. The Kukeri are back. They do everything they can to chase away evil winter-spirits—and to usher in the spring properly. © Friso Spoelstra
Bulgaria. Waiting for the Horo dance to begin at Easter. "Ne Evropa: Orient!" says a man. It seems that many people here feel that they are not part of Europe. © Friso Spoelstra
Netherlands. On the island of Terschelling, they have their very own and very mysterious celebration of Sunderum. It is an ancient mid-winter celebration. © Friso Spoelstra
Germany. Once a year, on Walpurgis Night, all of the witches that were banned from the Earth meet at a plateau in the Harz Mountains called the Hexentanzplatz (The Witches' Dance Floor). © Friso Spoelstra
Germany. Goethe also lived briefly in the Harz mountains. It was at the Witches’ Altar that Goethe’s famous character, Faust, sold his soul to the devil. According to ancient German folk beliefs, Walpurgis Night is always a night full of magic. © Friso Spoelstra