Texas History

Farming was expanded and improved in Texas by __________ missionaries and settlers.SpanishThe restored missions at San Antonio and Goliad stand as enduring monuments to the _______________ who brought the mantle of Christianity to Texas Indians.FranciscansThe _____________ branch in Texas contains the: -Governor Lieutenant Governor -Comptroller of Public Accounts -Land Commissioner -Attorney General -Agriculture Commissioner -Railroad Commission -State Board of Education -Secretary of StateExecutive BranchWhich member of the executive branch decides whether expected state income is sufficient to cover the proposed state budget?ComptrollerWhich member of the executive branch is appointed by the governor with the advice of the senate?Secretary of StateExcept for the secretary of state, the Executive branch has all other members ___________ into membership.ElectedWhich part of the Executive branch is voted at-large?Three member Railroad CommissionWhich part of the Executive branch is voted in single-member districts?State Board of EducationPartly because of _______________ _________________, the governor's power in Texas are limited in comparison to other state governors or the US president.Elected OfficialsThe ________________ _________________ heads the Senate and appoints its committees in the Executive branch.Lieutenant GovernorWho has more power, the Lieutenant Governor or the Governor of Texas?Lieutenant GovernorWhich member of the Executive branch commands state militia, vetoes bills passed by legislature, appoints members of executive boards, and fills judicial vacancies between elections?GovernorTrue or False: the Legislature in Texas is BicameralTrueThe legislature in Texas has _______ chambersTwoHow many members does the House of reps have?150How many members does the Senate have?31How leads the House of Reps?Speaker of the HouseWho leads the Senate?The Lieutenant GovernorThe house of Reps and the Senate are part of which branch in Texas?LegislativeThe Legislature meets in regular sessions one every ______ years.TwoCan the legislature call itself into special sessions?NoWho can call the legislature into special sessions?GovernorWhich branch of government in Texas has the reputation as one of the most complex in the US, with many overlapping Jurisdictions?Judicial BranchWhat are the two courts of last resorts in Texas?1. Texas Supreme Court (Civil) 2 Texas Court of Criminal Appeal__________________ elections choose all of the judges at all levels of the judiciary, except in some municipal benches.PartisanWho fills Judiciary vacancies by appointment?GovernorHow many counties are in Texas?254Each county is run by a _________________ ___________.Commissioners CourtA commissioners court contains four elected ________________ and a _____________ ______________ elected from all voters in the county.commissioners, county judge.The county judge does/does not have power to veto a decision of the commissioners court?does notIn smaller counties, the county judge performs ______________ duties.Judicial dutiesIn larger counties the judge's role is limited to serving on the what?Commissioners CourtThe commissioners court determines their office ____________ and sets overall county policy.budgetWhat kind of elections are all county elections?PartisanDo counties have more or less legal power than municipalities?lessDo counties in Texas have zoning power?NoDo counties in Texas have eminent domain power?YesCounties in Texas do not have "______________ ______________" authority, whatever powers are not specifically granted by the state are not permitted."Home Rule"Does Texas allow for consolidate city-county governments?NoCities and counties in Texas are permitted to enter "_______________ ______________" to share services."Interlocal Agreements"The Governor of Texas elects ______ US senators and _______ US Representatives2 Senators and 32 RepresentativesWhat was the name of Texas from 1821-1835?Coahuila y TejasWhen was Texas called Coahuila y Tejas?From 1821-1835When did Texas declare Independence and became the Republic of Texas?1835How did Texas get the name "Coahuila y Tejas"?Because Mexico won over Spain in the war of Independence in 1821Which areas of Texas during the Coahuila y Tejas period had a long and turbulent history of independence movements by the local Mexican population on account of unitary and perceived dictatorial and unconstitutional practices by the central Mexican government?Rio Grande and South TexasWhich area areas of Texas during the Coahuila y Tejas period remained largely in the hands of Native American Tribes, some of whom were hostile to Spanish rule?North and EastForeign encroachments, Indian warfare, and insurrectionary activity all contributed to a demographic and economic collapse in Texas in the early _____ century.19th centuryWhat is the name of the expedition that attempted to separate Texas from the Spanish Empire in 1812?Gutierrez-Magee ExpeditionHow did the Spanish government respond to the Gutierrez-Magee ExpeditionAuthorities ordered genocide of the Tejano-American poopulationWhat event created utter devastation of Texas which left it with a population size it had at the beginning of the 18th century?Tejano-American genocideSpanish Texas was a failing _________________ policy.ColonialTowards the end of the 18th century, Texas remained a sparsely settled territory, heavily dependent on the __________ and continually exposed to the depredations of Indians who resisted sovereignty in the region.MilitaryTowards the end of the _______ century, Texas's population was a mixture of hispanized Indians, Spanish and Mexican soldiers, Spanish colonial officials, various communities of French, British, Italian, German, and American settlers.18th centuryIn the early _____ century, Spain once again faced concerted efforts by rivals to wrest from the important parts of its North American Empire.19th centuryTowards to end of the 18th century, Texas became close to war over navigation rights on the __________________ river and the expansion of Anglo-American frontier settlements into the Spanish Floridas.Mississippi RiverWho's coerced acquisition of Louisiana and subsequent sale of the vast territory to the US in 1803 left Spanish North America divided and vulnerable?Napoleon'sWhy did Mexican government seek to populate Texas with US settlers in the 1820's and 1830's?Because population was sparseDuring the 1820's, who did Mexico reach an agreement with to allow US settlers to move into Texas?Stephen F. AustinUS settlers in the 1820's and 1830's were known as what?TexiansDid US settlers comply with the law when Mexico abolished slavery in the 1820's and 1830's?NoIn the 1820's and 1830's, there was tension in Texas because the Mexican government expected it's citizens to be of _____________________ religion, but the US settlers were of ____________________ religion.Catholic; ProtestantWhat year did Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna abolish the constitution of 1824 and sought to centralize national power in Mexico City?1835The abolishment of which constitution created political unrest in Mexico during the 1820's and 1830's?Constitution of 1824When was the Texas Revolution?1835-1836The Mexican government's efforts to tighten political and economic control Texas territory ultimately caused the __________________ ____________________.Texas RevolutionWho were the first established Europeans in Texas?The FrenchHows the French colonial time period in Texas long or short lived?Short livedWho was the French nobleman that returned to Texas with a large expedition designed to establish a French colony on the Gulf of Mexico and the mouth of the Mississippi River?La SalleDuring the French expedition to Texas, their ships were plagued by pirates, ______________, and poor navigation.IndiansWhere did the French colonists set up?Fort Saint Louis Near Victoria TexasWho lead a group eastward during the French colonization to find the shortest route to the Mississippi?La SalleWhere did La Salle's followers mutinied and murder La Salle during the search of the Mississippi River?Near NavasotaWhen did the French colony time period end?1688Why did the French colony end?Indians massacred the colonyDespite the failure of their colony in Texas, the ____________ continued to claim Texas even after the Spanish colonized it.FrenchThe failure of the French colony became known throughout the __________.WorldThe French period of Texan history was memorialized in the Texas state seal and the _____________ of the traditional "Six Flags over Texas"FirstDuring most of the period of Spanish Texas, the region assumed a __________________ importance disproportionate to its economic or demographic place in the Spanish Empire.GeopoliticalDuring Spanish expansion, Spanish civilizations gained toeholds via ________________ and _______________.Missions and PresidiosDuring Spanish expansion, there was an immediate set back with which war?1718 ware of Quadruple Alliance in EuropeWhat caused the abandonment of the presidios of San Luis de Las Amarillas during Spanish expansion?Indian DepredationsWere most Spanish efforts toward expansion from 1731-1762 a success or failure?FailureWhich three areas were successfully colonized during Spanish expansion?1. La Bahia 2. San Antonia 3. Lower Rio GrandeMissions and presidios had clearly failed which part of San Antonio during Spanish expansion?NorthSpanish Texas was an effort by the Spanish crown to keep its assets in the new world secure from who in Louisiana?The FrenchTexas was a sparsely populated buffer between which two nations during Spanish Texas?Spain and FranceWhat year did Texas become a Spanish territory?1690What event during Spanish Texas shattered the Spanish Empire, resulting in the independence of Mexico?Independence movements in 1821During Spanish Texas, Texas was a part of which four provinces in the viceroyalty of New Spain?1. New Mexico 2.Nueva Vizcaya 3. Nuevo Santander 4. CoahuilaSlightly more than how many centuries elapsed between the time the Texas shoreline was first viewed by Spaniard in 1519 and 1821, when the flag of Castile and Leon was lowered for the last time in San Antonio?Three centuriesWhat was the time period of Spanish Texas?1690-1821What are the three eras of Spanish Texas?1. Early Exploration 2. Cultural Absorption 3. Defensive OccupationWhich era of Spanish Texas involved preliminary evaluation of land and resources?Early ExplorationWhich era of Spanish Texas involved Texas Indians acquiring Hispanic cultural elements directly from the Spanish?Cultural AbsorptionWhich era of Spanish Texas involved Spanish presence dictated by international considerations than caused the momentum of an expanding empire?Defensive OccupationWhat was the oldest and largest of colonial Texas communities?San Antonia de BexarWhich colonial community in its 88-year history had evolved from a presidio-mission complex, to the first chartered municipality and finally to the provincial capital?San Antonia de BexarThe population of San Antonia de Bexar was approximately ___________________ and was composed chiefly of Mexican settlers from Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and other frontier provinces mixed with a small number of Canary Islanders.2,000After the US acquired Louisiana, reinforcement of the Spanish military presence in Texas resulted in the transfer of the second Flying company of San Carlos de Parras to where?San AntonioWhat year did the population from Nuevo Santander and Nuevo Leon swell to the population over 3,000?1810Which ethnic group has the largest ancestry groups in Texas?MexicanMuch of the east, central, and north Texas is inhabited by Texans of white Protestant heritage, primarily ____________.AngloWhat kind of cultural descent makes up much of the central and southeast-central Texas?GermanWhich cultural ethnicity historically made up 1/3 of the population and is concentrated in parts of East Texas where the cotton plantation culture was most prominent prior to the American civil war, as well as the DFW and Houston areas?African AmericanFrontier Texas, particularly New Braunfels and Fredericksburg, saw settlements of which ethnicity?GermansAfter the European revolutions of 1848, German, Polish, Swedish, Norwegian, Czech, and French immigrants grew and continued until which war?WWIAbout what fraction of the population in Texas is from Hispanic descent?1/3Why does the Hispanic population in Texas continue to grow in Texas today?Illegal immigrants look for work in TexasTexas has the second largest Hispanic population in the US behind which state?CaliforniaThe influx of immigrants is partially responsible for Texas having a population younger/older than the Union average?youngerWhich ethnicity group has grown in recent years, particularly in Houston and Dallas?AsianWhat percent of US's water does Texas occupy?7%Texas is the ________________________ part of the Great PlainsSouthernmostTexas is in the south-entral part of the US, and is considered to form part of both the US __________________ and __________________________.South and SouthwestWhich three rivers provide Texas with natural borderlines?1. Rio Grande 2. Sabine 3. RedWhich state(s) is located along the north side of Texas's border?OklahomaWhich state(s) is located along the east side of Texas's border?Louisiana and ArkansasWhich state(s) is located along the west side of Texas?New MexicoWhich state(s) is located along the south side of Texas,Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and TamaulipasAccording to the residents, how is the state physically divided?North, East, Central, South and West TexasAccording to the Texas Almanac, what are the four physical regions?1. Gulf Coastal Plains 2. Interior Lowlands 3. Great Plains 4. Bain and Range ProvinceWhich region(s) of Texas are associated with the South?East and North TexasWhich region(s) of Texas are associated with the Southwest?West and South TexasWhich region(s) of Texas are associated with the "midwestern" regions?Northwestern TexasWhat characteristic of Texas prohibits easy categorization of the entire state wholly in any recognized region of the US?It's sizeIn which city contains the geographic center of Texas?BradyWhere is the highest point in Texas, standing at 8,749 feet above sea level?Guadalupe PeakWhere is the lowest point in Texas?Where Texas meets the Gulf of MexicoTexas has five state forests, and 120 state parks for a total of over ____________________ acres.605,000Eventually emptying into seven major estuaries, the major rivers in Texas support over _____________ reservoirs.212