United Kingdom of the Netherlands

The United Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; French: Royaume uni des Pays-Bas) is the unofficial name given to the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; French: Royaume des Belgiques) as it existed between 1815 and 1830. The United Netherlands was created in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars through the fusion of territories that had belonged to the former Dutch Republic, Austrian Netherlands, and Prince-Bishopric of Liège in order to form a buffer state between the major European powers. The polity was a constitutional monarchy, ruled by William I of the House of Orange-Nassau.

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Kingdom of the Netherlands Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (Dutch) Royaume des Belgiques (French)[1]
1815–1839[lower-alpha 1]
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Je maintiendrai ("I will uphold")
Anthem: Wien Neêrlands Bloed ("Those in whom Dutch blood")
Location of the Netherlands in 1815.   The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is also shown
Capital	The Hague and Brussels
Largest city	Amsterdam
Common languages	Dutch (official) and French (official in Wallonia) Frisian languages, Limburgish, Dutch Low Saxon, Northwestern Yiddish, Northern Romani
Religion	Dutch Reformed Roman Catholic
Demonym(s)	Dutch
Government	Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy
King
• 1815–1830	William I
Legislature	States General
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Historical era	Late modern period
• Congress of Vienna	16 March 1815
• Constitution adopted	24 August 1815
• Belgian Revolution	25 August 1830
• Treaty of London	19 April 1839[lower-alpha 2]
Population
• 1815	c. 2,233,000[2]
• 1830	c. 3,500,000[2]
Currency	Dutch guilder
ISO 3166 code	NL
Preceded by Succeeded by Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands First French Empire Provisional Government of Belgium (1814–1815) Kingdom of the Netherlands Duchy of Limburg Luxembourg Belgium Neutral Moresnet
Today part of	Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg

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The polity collapsed in 1830 with the outbreak of the Belgian Revolution. With the de facto secession of Belgium, the Netherlands was left as a rump state and refused to recognise Belgian independence until 1839 when the Treaty of London was signed, fixing the border between the two states and guaranteeing Belgian independence and neutrality as the Kingdom of Belgium.