Resolution of the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress on the Implementation of the 2020 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2021 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
    >>>welcome visitor, haven't logged in. Login
Subscribe Now Contact us  
Font Size:  A A A Search ��Fabao�� Window English ���� = ����  ����
  Favorite   DownLoad   Print
 
Resolution of the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress on the Implementation of the 2020 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2021 Plan for National Economic and Social Development [Effective]
��ʮ����ȫ��������������Ĵλ������2020����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ�ִ�������2021����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ��ľ��� [������Ч]
��������֤�롿

Resolution of the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress on the Implementation of the 2020 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2021 Plan for National Economic and Social Development 

��ʮ����ȫ��������������Ĵλ������2020����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ�ִ�������2021����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ��ľ���

(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress on March 11, 2021)

 ��2021��3��11�յ�ʮ����ȫ��������������Ĵλ���ͨ����

The Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress reviewed the Report on the Implementation of the 2020 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2021 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development submitted by the State Council and the 2021 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development and approved the report on the reviewing results of the Financial and Economic Committee of the National People's Congress. The Session decided to approve the Report on the Implementation of the 2020 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2021 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development, as well as the 2021 Plan for National Economic and Social Development. ��ʮ����ȫ��������������Ĵλ�������˹���Ժ����ġ�����2020����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ�ִ�������2021����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ��ݰ��ı��桷��2021����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ��ݰ���ͬ��ȫ�������������������ίԱ�����������档�����������׼������2020����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ�ִ�������2021����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ��ݰ��ı��桷����׼2021����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ���
Report on the Implementation of the 2020 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2021 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development ����2020����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ�ִ�������2021����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ��ݰ��ı���
Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress on March 5, 2021 --2021��3��5���ڵ�ʮ����ȫ��������������Ĵλ�����
National Development and Reform Commission ���ҷ�չ�͸ĸ�ίԱ��
Esteemed Deputies, ��λ������
The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to deliver this report on the implementation of the 2020 plan, and on the 2021 draft plan for national economic and social development to the present Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and approval. The Commission also invites comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). �ܹ���Ժί�У��ֽ�2020����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ�ִ�������2021����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ��ݰ�����ʮ����ȫ���˴��Ĵλ�����飬����ȫ����Э��λίԱ��������
I. Implementation of the 2020 Plan for National Economic and Social Development ����һ��2020����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ�ִ�����
Last year was an extraordinary year in the history of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Faced with a grave and complex international situation, the challenging tasks of advancing reform and development and ensuring stability at home, and the severe impact of the Covid-19 epidemic in particular, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, while keeping overall national interests in mind, maintained a strategic focus, judged situations accurately, formulated meticulous plans, took decisive action, made arduous efforts, and promptly adopted the major policy of coordinating epidemic prevention and control with economic and social development. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, all regions and departments fully implemented the guiding principles of the 19th CPC National Congress and the second, third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee. In accordance with the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, we faithfully implemented the Report on the Work of the Government and the 2020 Plan for National Economic and Social Development approved at the Third Session of the 13th NPC, and adopted the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Committee's suggestions based on its review of the 2020 plan. We responded to risks and challenges with composure, and continued to pursue high-quality development. We coordinated the Covid-19 response with economic and social development, and took solid steps to ensure stability on six key fronts and maintain security in six key areas. China's economy saw a quarter-on-quarter improvement and gradually returned to normality, constituting the sole major economy to have realized positive growth. We achieved a complete victory in the battle against poverty, and scored decisive achievements in securing a full victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, delivering a globally-acclaimed performance that satisfied the needs of the people and that will be recorded in the annals of history. 2020�������й���ʷ�ϼ���ƽ����һ�ꡣ����Ͼ����ӵĹ������ơ���޷��صĹ��ڸĸ﷢չ�ȶ������ر����¹ڷ�����������س������ϰ��ƽͬ־Ϊ���ĵĵ�����ͳ��ȫ�֣�����ս�Զ�����׼ȷ�ж����ƣ�����ı�����𣬹��ϲ�ȡ�ж����������Ŭ������ʱ����ͳ��������غ;�����ᷢչ���ش���ߡ������������ż����ϰ��ƽ��ʱ���й���ɫ�������˼��Ϊָ����ȫ��᳹����ʮ�Ŵ��ʮ�Ž���С����С����С�����ȫ�ᾫ�񣬰��յ����롢����Ժ���߲�������ִ��ʮ����ȫ���˴����λ���������׼�ġ������������桷��2020����񾭼ú���ᷢչ�ƻ�����ʵȫ���˴��������ίԱ���������������侲Ӧ�Է�����ս����ָ�������չ���򲻶�ҡ��ͳ��������غ;�����ᷢչ����ʵ���á����ȡ�������ȫ����ʵ�������������ҹ����������𼾸��ơ��𲽻ָ���̬����ȫ����Ҫ��������Ψһʵ�־�������������ƶ����սȡ��ȫ��ʤ������ʤȫ�潨��С�����ȡ�þ����Գɾͣ�����һ���������⡢������Ŀ����������ʷ��Ĵ����
1. We put the health and safety of our people before all else and saw major strategic achievements in the fight against Covid-19.
Faced with the sudden and severe challenges posed by Covid-19, General Secretary Xi Jinping personally took charge, planned our response, and unified the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in rapidly launching an all-out people's war to contain the virus. In just over a month's time, we had largely contained the spread of the virus in China. In roughly two months, we had reduced the daily number of new local cases to single digits. And in approximately three months, we had secured a decisive victory in the battle to defend Hubei Province and its capital city Wuhan. After this, we effectively dealt with a number of local outbreaks and sporadic cases.
 ��һ����ְ�����������ȫ�����彡�����ڵ�һλ�����߶���ȡ���ش�ս�Գɹ������ͻ���������¹ڷ�������������Ͼ����飬ϰ��ƽ���������ָ�ӡ����Բ����Ž����ȫ����������Ѹ�ٴ���������ص�����ս��������ս�����ս����1�����µ�ʱ�������������������ͷ����2�������ҵ�ʱ�佫����ÿ���������������ڸ�λ�����ڣ���3�������ҵ�ʱ��ȡ���人����ս����������ս�ľ����Գɹ����˺�����Ч���ö���ֲ������ۼ��Ի�ɢ�����顣
1) No effort was spared to control the epidemic and treat patients. 
We coordinated the efforts of the whole country in accordance with the general requirement to stay confident, stand united, and adopt both a science-based approach and targeted measures. A central leading group for coordinating the epidemic response was established and a central guidance team was dispatched to Hubei. Full play was given to the functions of the State Council interdepartmental task force. The entire country was mobilized in the fight to protect Hubei and Wuhan and to curb local transmission of the virus. We gave clear guidelines for the early detection, reporting, isolation, and treatment of cases, and mandated that patients be treated in designated facilities where the best doctors and medical resources were concentrated. We ensured that all treatment-related costs were borne by the state, and worked to raise hospital admission and recovery rates and to bring down infection and mortality rates. We carried out an interdepartmental and society-wide epidemic prevention and control effort. One after another, provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government activated level-one responses to this major public health emergency. Officials were dispatched to communities to ensure effective local epidemic control, and social organizations of all kinds, specialized social workers, and volunteers received the guidance required to provide epidemic control and social services in accordance with the law and in an orderly manner. We took firm steps to guarantee medical supplies and to stabilize the supply and prices of daily necessities. We quickly ramped up the production of face masks and other medical protective materials and medical equipment, and added more hospital beds, thereby ensuring that epidemic control needs were essentially met. We did everything possible to ensure the well-coordinated allocation of labor in key production areas to guarantee stability in the supply and prices of grain, cooking oil, and other foods such as meat, eggs, vegetables, and milk. Various measures were taken to maintain the security and stability of energy supplies, and to ensure safe medical waste and wastewater disposal. We coordinated scientific research with clinical treatment and prevention and control work, speedily developed nucleic acid testing kits, accelerated both the selection of effective medicines and vaccine development, and began vaccination using domestically produced vaccines. In so doing, we fully leveraged the role of science and technology in our efforts to contain the epidemic. In response to the rapid spread of the epidemic around the world, and while still guarding against the risk of inbound cases, the Chinese government provided care and support for overseas Chinese nationals and arranged temporary flights to support the orderly transit of Chinese citizens facing difficulties abroad back to China.
 һ��ȫ���Ը�����������ؾ��ι��������ռᶨ���ġ�ͬ�۹��á���ѧ���Ρ���׼ʩ�ߵ���Ҫ�󣬼��ȫ��һ���壬Ѹ�ٳ�������Ӧ�����鹤���쵼С�飬������ɳ�����ָ���飬��ַ��ӹ���Ժ�������ػ������ã���ȫ��֮����չ�人����ս����������ս��������ϱ������鴫������ȷ�����硱�����ļ��С�Ҫ�󣬷���ȫ���ɹ��ҳе���������������ʺ������ʡ����͸�Ⱦ�ʺͲ����ʡ���չ�������غ�Ⱥ��Ⱥ�أ���ʡ�������У���������ش�ͻ�������¼�һ����Ӧ����֯�ɲ������³�ץ���������أ��������������֯��רҵ��Ṥ���ߺ�־Ը�������������������������غ���������ʵ����ҽ�����ʱ��Ϻ��������Ʒ�����ȼ۹���������ʵ�ֿ��ֵ�ҽ�Ʒ������ʡ�ҽ�ƾ����豸��ҽ�δ�λ�����ض�ȱ�������������������Ҫ��ǧ���ټ�Э������ص������������ĸ�λ�ù����������������ݵ����̵�ʳƷ���г���Ӧ�ͼ۸�����ȶ�����벢��ȷ����Դ��Ӧ��ȫ�ȶ�����Ч����ҽ�Ʒ����ˮ��ȫ���á�ע�ؿ��й��غ��ٴ����Ρ�����ʵ����Эͬ����һʱ���з����������Լ��У��ӿ���Чҩ��ɸѡ�������з����������������ʽ��������ַ��ӿƼ���������ص�֧�����á���Ծ���������ɢ���ӣ���ǿ�����Է��շ��أ����öԾ����ҹ�������Ĺذ���������ʱ��������ӻ��ҹ�����������Ա��
2) There was no let-up in routine epidemic control efforts. As the situation evolved, we shifted the focus of our national response to guarding against inbound cases and domestic resurgence, and changed from an emergency response mode to one of routine epidemic control. We developed routine mechanisms for rapidly detecting and handling cases, for taking targeted measures to suppress resurgence, and for providing effective treatment. Substantial utilization of modern information technologies and the widespread introduction of health code verification allowed for continuous improvement in the precision of routine control work, thus helping to maintain regular production and daily household activities. Faced with a domestic resurgence characterized by sporadic local outbreaks, we continued to apply differentiated response measures tailored to different localities. Targeted adjustments were made to the risk levels of different regions, while epidemiological investigations and the use of big data for tracing infections were launched as rapidly as possible. We focused on discovering and strengthening weak links, continuously improved our nucleic acid testing capacity, and strengthened prevention and control in key areas such as cold-chain logistics. ���Ǻ�������ץ�ó�̬��������ء���ʱ��ȫ��������ز��Ե���Ϊ��������롢�ڷ����������ƶ����ع�����Ӧ���Գ����������̬������ת�䣬��ȫ��ʱ���֡����ٴ��á���׼�ܿء���Ч���εij�̬�����ػ��ơ���������ִ���Ϣ�������㷺Ӧ�ý�����ʶ�𣬳���������̬��������ؾ�׼�ԣ���Ч������ҵ���������;������������Ծֲ���״���鷴������ַ����ּ����أ�������Ե�������������յȼ�����ʱ��չ���в�ѧ����ʹ�����׷����Դ�������鲹�������ڣ����������¹ڲ������������������������������ص���ҵ��ǿ���ء�
 
 
3) International cooperation in combating the epidemic was promoted. China has acted in an open, transparent, and responsible manner, and has earnestly fulfilled its international obligations. The Chinese government reported the outbreak of the epidemic to the world at the first opportunity, released the genome sequence of the virus to the world as soon as it was determined, immediately shared China's diagnostic and therapeutic protocols and containment measures, and firmly supported the World Health Organization (WHO) in playing its leading role. We set up an online Covid-19 knowledge center open to all, and published eight versions of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols and seven versions of containment protocols, unreservedly sharing our prevention, control, and treatment experiences with all. We launched the largest global humanitarian assistance campaign since the founding of the PRC, provided assistance both to the WHO and for the Covid-19 Global Humanitarian Response Plan launched by the United Nations, dispatched 36 teams of medical experts to 34 countries in need of them, and provided assistance in combating the epidemic to 150 countries and 13 international organizations. Giving full play to our strengths as the world's largest supplier of epidemic prevention materials, over the course of the year we provided more than 200 countries with over 220 billion face masks, 2.3 billion protective gowns, and 1 billion testing kits. We actively pushed forward cooperation on drug and vaccine R&D as well as global joint prevention and control. We also helped developing countries to overcome the challenges brought by the epidemic. ���������ƽ�������ع��ʺ��������Ź�����͸���������ε�̬�ȣ��������й�����������������ͨ�����飬��һʱ�䷢���¹ڲ����������е���Ϣ����һʱ�乫�����Ʒ����ͷ��ط������ᶨ֧������������֯�����쵼���á����������������֪ʶ���IJ������й��ҿ��ţ���������8�����Ʒ�����7����ط��������ޱ���ͬ�����������غ;��ξ��顣�������й�����������ģ����ȫ���˵������ж���������������֯�����Ϲ�ȫ���˵�����Ӧ�Լƻ��ṩ֧�֣�Ϊ����Ҫ��34�������ɳ�36֧ҽ��ר���飬��150�����Һ�13��������֯�ṩ����Ԯ�������ӿ����������Ӧ�����ƣ�ȫ����200��������ṩ�˳���2200��ֻ���֡�23�ڼ���������10���˷ݼ���Լ��С������ƽ�ҩ������з������͹����������أ�������չ�й��ҿ˷�������������ѡ�
 
2. We formulated and implemented macro policies to meet the urgent needs of market entities, and facilitated a stable and sustained economic recovery. Confronted with the impact of Covid-19, the severity of which has rarely been seen in history, we made ensuring stability on the six fronts the foundation of our efforts, and clearly defined the tasks required for maintaining security in the six areas, with a particular emphasis on securing employment, meeting basic living needs, and protecting market entities. We remained committed to maintaining security in order to deliver the stability needed to pursue progress. Taking into account China's national conditions and realities, we took prompt and decisive action while maintaining our resolve, and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies. Instead, we balanced large-scale economic policies and intensified our macro policies to counteract the negative impacts of Covid-19, thereby strengthening the internal forces driving economic growth and ensuring more balanced and more sustainable development. ������Χ���г�����ļ����ƶ���ʵʩ������ߣ��������г����ȶ��ָ��������ʷ�����ij���������ڡ����ȡ����������ϣ���ȷ����������������ر��DZ���ҵ���������г����壬�Ա����ȡ�����������������ʵ�ʣ��ȼ�ʱ�����ֱ��ֶ�������ֲ��㡰��ˮ���ࡱ����ѧ���չ�ģ�����ߵ�ƽ��㣬�Ӵ�������Ӧ�����ȣ����÷�չ������������ƽ���ԺͿɳ����Խ�һ����ǿ��
 
1) Major indicators were better than expected. China's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2020 reached 101.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.3%. A total of 11.86 million urban jobs were created and the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.2%. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2.5%. A basic equilibrium was maintained with regard to the balance of payments, and foreign exchange reserves were kept at over US$ 3 trillion. һ����Ҫָ�����Ԥ�ڡ�2020�꣬����������ֵ��101.6����Ԫ������2.3%������������ҵ1186���ˣ���ĩ�������ʧҵ��Ϊ5.2%���������Ѽ۸�ָ������2.5%��������֧����ƽ�⣬��㴢��������3������Ԫ���ϡ�
 
 
2) Epidemic relief policies for enterprises were effectively implemented.We implemented large-scale tax cuts and fee reductions on a time-limited basis in order to help enterprises. We reduced or eliminated VAT on small-scale taxpayers in the current stage, temporarily reduced or waived enterprises contributions to basic old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation schemes, halved enterprises contributions to basic medical insurance for urban workers, and implemented time-limited supportive policies on the housing provident fund, saving market entities more than 2.6 trillion yuan over the course of the year. We developed new methods for implementing macro policies. The central government established mechanisms for ensuring that the additional two trillion yuan of government bonds went directly to prefecture and county governments, and provincial-level governments channeled more financial resources to lower-level governments. These combined measures supported prefecture and county governments in implementing policies to benefit both enterprises and the people. We introduced supportive monetary measures with a value of over nine trillion yuan by means such as required reserve ratio reductions, medium-term lending facilities, open market operations, re-lending and rediscounts, and by developing new monetary policy instruments that directly serve the real economy. We also implemented the loan prime rate (LPR) mechanism to reduce the cost of financing. Large commercial banks increased inclusive loans to micro and small enterprises (MSEs) by more than 50%. Over the year, the financial sector saved enterprises 1.5 trillion yuan via measures to boost the real economy. Rental payments for certain MSEs and self-employed individuals in the service sector were reduced, waived, or postponed for a certain period of time. �����������������Чʵʩ����˰���Ѻ�������ͷţ�ʵʩ�׶��Դ��ģ��˰���ѣ��׶��Լ���С��ģ��˰����ֵ˰���׶��Լ������ϡ�ʧҵ������������ᱣ�յ�λ�ɷѲ��֣���������ְ��ҽ�Ʊ��յ�λ�ɷѲ��֣���ʵס��������׶���֧�����ߣ�ȫ��Ϊ�г������������2.6����Ԫ�����º������ʵʩ��ʽ���������������2����Ԫ�ʽ���ֱ����ƣ�ʡ�������Ӵ��ʽ��³����ȣ���ͬΪ���ػ�����ʵ�����������߼�ʱ���������ͨ�����ʹ��׼�����ʡ����ڽ�������������г��������ٴ��������֡�����ֱ��ʵ�徭�õĻ������߹��ߵȷ�ʽ�����Ƴ�9�����Ԫ�Ļ���֧�ִ�ʩ��ͨ�������г��������ʣ�LPR���ĸ��ƶ�������ʳɱ��½���������ҵ�����ջ�С΢��ҵ��������50%���ϣ�ȫ�����ϵͳ��ʵ�徭������1.5����Ԫ���׶��ԶԲ��ַ���ҵС΢��ҵ�͸��幤�̻����⻺�շ������
 
3) The expectations of market entities remained stable and positive.

We promptly put in place and constantly improved nationwide epidemic information-sharing mechanisms, released authoritative epidemic information in an accurate and transparent manner, and effectively ensured the continuation of normal production and daily life activities.

We gave full play to the role of macro-policy coordination mechanisms and consultation mechanisms between major provinces and cities in order to ensure stability on the six fronts and security in the six areas. Policy coordination between central and local authorities and between departments was also strengthened. The macroeconomic governance system was improved, and our policies became more stable, predictable, and transparent. We offered timely explanations of developments and policies, actively responded to public concerns, and maintained the confidence of market entities.

 �����г�����Ԥ���ȶ���á�Ѹ�ٽ�������������ȫ��������Ϣ�������ƣ�ʵ�����ǡ�����͸����������Ȩ����Ϣ����Ч������ҵ���������;������������ַ��Ӻ������Э�����ƺ��ص�ʡ�С����ȡ��������������̻������ã�������ط�֮�䡢����֮�����������Э��������ǿ����۾���������ϵ�������ƣ������ȶ��ԡ���Ԥ���Ժ�͸���Ƚ�һ��������������ƺ����߸��Ӽ�ʱ����Ӧ�����и��ӻ�������Ч�ȶ��г����巢չ���ġ�
3. We made solid progress in the three critical battles, and achieved the main targets and accomplished the main tasks on schedule. We implemented policies to solve prominent problems and strengthen weak links, completed all goals and tasks for fighting poverty, stepped up efforts to address pollution, and effectively prevented and controlled major risks. ���������������󹥼�ս����ҪĿ������������ɡ���׼ͻ������ͱ������ں�ץ������ʵ����ƶ����սȡ����ȫ��ʤ������Ⱦ�������Ȳ��ϼӴ��ش���յõ���Ч���ء�
1) We won a complete victory in the battle against poverty.

We listed all the counties and villages which had not yet eliminated poverty in order to oversee their poverty-alleviation efforts, and channeled poverty-alleviation funds toward deeply impoverished areas such as the three regions and the three prefectures. To offset the impact of Covid-19 and flooding on poverty alleviation, we prioritized efforts to support impoverished workers in finding jobs, and expanded work-relief programs through multiple channels. We increased support for poverty alleviation by boosting local industries and employment, ensured better linkage between production and sales, strengthened science and technology-based assistance, launched programs to boost the consumption of goods produced in poor areas, and promptly implemented measures to ensure that people's basic living needs are met. We rolled out follow-up support policies and measures for relocated families, and completed the task of relocating over 9.6 million people from inhospitable areas during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

We worked to consolidate the progress already achieved in guaranteeing access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and housing for rural poor populations. We coordinated the development of basic medical insurance, major disease insurance, and medical assistance programs to ease the burden of medical expenses for poor populations. Final-phase projects to renovate dilapidated rural houses were completed on schedule. All people who were formerly living below the current poverty line now have access to safe drinking water. We conducted a nationwide poverty reduction survey, and improved monitoring and support to prevent people from falling back into poverty.

The 98.99 million rural residents formerly living below the current poverty line were successfully lifted out of poverty, and poverty has been eliminated in all of the 832 impoverished counties and the 128,000 poor villages. Both extreme poverty and regional poverty have therefore been eradicated.

 һ����ƶ����սȡ����ȫ��ʤ����ʵʩ���ƶ�ս����Ŀ�ʽ����������ݡ������ƶ��������б��������顢Ѵ�����ƶ��������IJ���Ӱ�죬����֧��ƶ���Ͷ����񹤾�ҵ�������������Թ�����ʵʩ��ģ���Ӵ��ҵ��ƶ�;�ҵ��ƶ���ȣ�ǿ�������ԽӺͿƼ��������չ���ѷ�ƶ�ж�����ʱ��ʵ���ױ��ϵȰ����ʩ����̨�׵ط�ƶ��Ǩ���������������ߴ�ʩ����ʮ���塱960�������׵ط�ƶ��Ǩ��������ȫ����ɡ��������̡������ϡ��ɹ���ͳ�����û���ҽ�����󲡱��պ�ҽ�ƾ������ƶȱ��ϣ���Ч����ƶ���˿ھ�ҽ���ø�������ƶ����ũ��Σ������ɨβ���̰�����ɣ�ȫ�������б�׼�µ�ƶ���˿���ˮ��ȫ���⡣��չ������ƶ�����ղ飬������ֹ��ƶ���Ͱ�����ơ����б�׼��9899��ũ��ƶ���˿�ȫ����ƶ��ȫ��832��ƶ����ȫ��ժñ��12.8���ƶ����ȫ�����У�����ƶ��������������ƶ���õ������

 
2) We achieved the current-stage objectives for pollution prevention and control. We made steady progress in promoting energy conservation and emissions reduction, and saw a continued decline in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP. The share of non-fossil fuels in the total energy consumption reached 15.9%. We pushed ahead with the campaign to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. We continued to comprehensively address air pollution in key areas during autumn and winter, launched initiatives to prevent and control ozone (O3) pollution in summer, and moved forward with the adoption of clean energy sources for winter heating in northern China in an active yet prudent manner. We steadily advanced upgrading in the steel industry in order to achieve ultra-low emissions. We curbed pollution caused by diesel trucks, and continued to bring about a shift in freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways. As a result of these efforts, air quality of cities at and above the prefectural level was good or excellent for 87% of the year. We accelerated work to improve the quality of key water basins of major rivers and lakes, including the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, along with water quality in key sea areas such as the Bohai Sea. We stepped up protection of drinking water sources and the treatment of black, malodorous water bodies in urban areas. The proportion of surface water with a quality rating of Grade III or higher stood at 83.4% while the proportion of that lower than Grade V dropped to 0.6%. As the nationwide water conservation campaign unfolded, water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP is estimated to have fallen by 1.9%. We worked to ensure that cropland and other plots of land that have been polluted are utilized in a safe manner. We continued to control pollution in agriculture and rural areas and carried out comprehensive trials for building waste-free cities. We made solid progress in recycling sewage, addressing plastic pollution, and disposing of medical waste. We stepped up the building of resource recycling centers and centers for the comprehensive use of massive solid waste, and essentially achieved the goal of zero solid waste imports. We accelerated the establishment of a modern environmental governance system, and ensured that the emissions permit system covers all fixed pollution sources in the country. We took strong measures to develop national ecological conservation pilot zones. We strengthened the protection and restoration of ecosystems, moved forward with large-scale afforestation, and stepped up environmental protection in the Yangtze, Yellow, and Lancang river sources, the Qilian Mountains area, and other key areas through comprehensive measures. We enhanced our ability to protect and manage major ecosystems, including the prevention and fighting of forest and grassland fires and the conservation of wetlands. We intensified oversight of ecological conservation red lines. We developed green industry demonstration centers and promoted advanced green technologies. As an important participant and a leading nation in global climate governance, we proactively responded to climate change and raised the targets for the intended nationally determined contribution. We allocated quotas for trading carbon emission rights for the first compliance cycle of the national market. ������Ⱦ���ι���սԲ����ɽ׶���Ŀ�ꡣ��ʵ�ƽ����ܼ��ţ���λ����������ֵ�ܺĺ͵�λ����������ֵ������̼�ŷ��������½����ǻ�ʯ��Դռ��Դ�����������ش�15.9%������������졢��ˮ����������ս������ʵʩ�ص������ﶬ��������Ⱦ�ۺ���������չ�ļ�������O����Ⱦ���ι��ᣬ���������ƽ����������������ȡů�������ƽ�������ҵ�����ŷŸ��죬��ʵ�ƽ����ͻ�����Ⱦ�����������ƽ�����ת����������תˮ����ȫ���ؼ������ϳ��п������������������ʴ�87%���������ƺӵȴ󽭴���ص����򼰲������ص㺣�򻷾������ӿ���ƣ�����ˮˮԴ�����ͳ��кڳ�ˮ���������ȼӴ󣬵ر�ˮ�����ﵽ����ڢ���ˮ�������83.4%���Ӣ���ˮ���������0.6%������ʵʩ���ҽ�ˮ�ж�����Ԫ����������ֵ��ˮ��Ԥ���½�1.9%���ƶ�����Ⱦ���غ���Ⱦ�ؿ鰲ȫ���á�����ʵʩũҵũ����Ⱦ�������ᣬȫ�濪չ���޷ϳ��С������Ե㣬��ʵ�ƽ���ˮ��Դ�����á�������Ⱦ������ҽ�Ʒ��ﴦ�ã��ƶ���Դѭ�����û��غʹ��ڹ���������ۺ����û��ؽ��裬����ʵ�ֹ�����������Ŀ�ꡣ�ӿ칹���ִ�����������ϵ��ʵ��ȫ���̶���ȾԴ��������ȫ���ǡ���ʵ�ƽ�������̬�������������衣ǿ����̬�����޸���������չ���ģ�����̻��ж��������ƽ�����Դ������ɽ���ص������ۺ�������ɭ�ֲ�ԭ�����ʪ�ر�������Ҫ��̬ϵͳ��������������Ч�����������ƽ���̬�������߼�ܹ�����������ɫ��ҵʾ�����أ��ƹ��Ƚ���ɫ����������Ӧ������仯����߹�����������Ŀ�꣬���������ȫ��������������չȫ��̼�ŷ�Ȩ�����г���һ����Լ���������䡣
3) We achieved excellent results in forestalling and defusing major risks. We took prudent steps to defuse local government debt risks, continued to push forward structural deleveraging, and resolutely checked increases in hidden local government debt. We promptly dealt with a number of major financial risks. All types of high-risk financial institutions were managed in an orderly manner. Shadow banking risks were kept in check, targeted efforts to defuse particular risks proved effective, and steps were taken to effectively prevent and control risks related to internet finance. We gradually developed diverse mechanisms for handling bond defaults, and put in place a framework for the coordinated regulation of systemically important financial institutions, financial holding companies, and financial infrastructures. Initial progress was achieved in efforts to forestall and defuse major financial risks, and the operations of the financial market were stable and orderly. We ensured the stable supply of important materials, key spare parts, core components, and key software, thus maintaining the stability of the industrial and supply chains. ���Ƿ��������ش����ȡ�����ó�Ч�����׻���ط�����ծ����գ������ƽ��ṹ��ȥ�ܸˣ�������Ƶط���������ծ����������ʱ����һ���ش���ڷ�������������߷��ս��ڻ����õ������ã�Ӱ�����з��ճ�������������׼�𵯡�������Ч�����������ڷ�����Ч���أ��𲽽�����Ԫ����ծȯΥԼ���û��ƣ���������ϵͳ��Ҫ�Խ��ڻ��������ڿعɹ�˾�����ڻ�����ʩ��ͳ���ܿ�ܣ����������ش���ڷ��չ���սȡ����Ҫ�׶��Գɹ��������г�����ƽ������������Ҫ���ϡ��ؼ��㲿��������Ԫ�����͹ؼ��������ȶ���Ӧˮƽ���������ֲ�ҵ����Ӧ���ȶ���
4. We promoted innovation-driven development, and further boosted China's strengths in science and technology. We intensified innovation, and consolidated its core role in China's modernization drive. Nationwide spending on R&D reached 2.4% of GDP, and the contribution made by advances in science and technology is estimated to account for 60.2% of economic growth. ���ģ������ƽ�����������չ���Ƽ�ʵ����һ���������������ҹ��ִ�������ȫ���еĺ��ĵ�λ������ǿ��ȫ���о������鷢չ����Ͷ��ǿ��Ϊ2.4%���Ƽ����������������60%���ϡ�
1) China's innovation capacity was enhanced. We saw a constant stream of significant scientific and technological advances throughout the year. The successful completion of the Chang'e-5 mission marked China's first extra-terrestrial sample collection. We saw the successful launch of the Tianwen-1 probe��China's first mission to Mars. The Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) officially began operation, and the Beidou-3 global navigation satellite system officially became operational. The quantum computer prototype Jiuzhang was successfully developed, and the deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe descended to a depth of more than 10,000 meters. We opened a number of national laboratories, accelerated the deployment and implementation of major projects for the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda involving next-generation artificial intelligence (AI), quantum communications and computing, and brain science and brain-inspired research, and fully participated in international Big Science programs such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor project. We accelerated the development of innovation platforms. We advanced the establishment of a number of high-level national industrial innovation centers, engineering research centers, technology innovation centers, manufacturing innovation centers, and enterprise technology centers in strategically important fields such as next-generation information technology, biomedicine, and new energy. We accelerated the construction of national large research infrastructures such as the High Energy Photon Source, the Hard X-Ray Free-Electron Laser, and the China Environment for Network Innovations. һ�Ǵ������������һ����ǿ���ش�Ƽ��ɹ�����ӿ�֣����϶���š������״�ʵ���ҹ���������������أ��ҹ��״λ���̽����������һ�š�̽�����ɹ����䣬500�׿ھ����������Զ����FAST����ʽ�������У����������š�ȫ�����ǵ���ϵͳ��ʽ��ͨ�����Ӽ���ԭ��ϵͳ�����¡��ɹ����ƣ�ȫ��������DZˮ�����ܶ��ߡ������������DZ������ʵ������̹��ƣ���һ���˹����ܡ�����ͨ�������Ӽ�������Կ�ѧ�������о��ȡ��Ƽ�����2030���ش���Ŀ���ӿ첿��ʵʩ����Ȳ����Ⱥ˾۱�ʵ��Ѽƻ��ȹ��ʴ��ѧ�ƻ�������ƽ̨��������ƽ�������һ����Ϣ����������ҽҩ������Դ��ս���������ˮƽ����һ�����Ҳ�ҵ�������ġ������о����ġ������������ġ�����ҵ�������ĺ���ҵ�������ģ�����ͬ�������Դ��ӲX�������ɵ��Ӽ��⡢δ������������ʩ�ȹ����ش�Ƽ�������ʩ�ӿ콨�衣
2) We strove to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. We implemented the open competition mechanism for selecting the best candidates to lead research projects, and actively explored and improved a new system for mobilizing the nation to make technological breakthroughs under the socialist market economy. We worked faster to deal with technological bottlenecks. We strengthened the leading role played by enterprises in innovation, encouraged enterprises to increase spending on R&D, and supported enterprises in carrying out R&D in technology together with research institutes and upstream and downstream enterprises, while we made constant innovations in support mechanisms. ���ǹؼ����ļ������������ƽ���ʵʩ���Ұ��˧���Ȼ��ƣ�����̽��������������г����������¹ؼ����ļ����������;ٹ����ƣ���ùؼ����ļ�������ս���ӿ����������ӡ����⡣���ϴ���֧�ַ�ʽ��ǿ����ҵ���������λ��������ҵ�Ӵ��з�Ͷ�룬֧����ҵ���Ͽ���Ժ������������ҵ��չ�����з���
3) New industries and new forms of business developed despite challenges. We undertook projects to develop China's strategic emerging industry clusters, drove forward the construction of civil-space infrastructure, steadily advanced the construction of new types of infrastructure including 5G, data centers, and the industrial internet, and promoted the orderly development of the integrated circuit industry. We promoted industrial upgrading through the utilization of digital and smart technologies, pressed ahead with the building of national pilot zones for the innovative development of the digital economy, and carried out the digital transformation partnership campaign, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) digitalization campaign, and the initiatives for cultivating new forms of business in the digital economy, involving more micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in cloud-based big data and AI initiatives. We continued the digitalization of traditional industries and put more effort into fighting poverty through the promotion of e-commerce. �����²�ҵ��ҵ̬���Ƴɳ�������ս�������˲�ҵ��Ⱥ��չ��������ʵʩ���ƶ����ÿռ������ʩ�ӿ콨�裬5G���������ġ���ҵ�����������ͻ�����ʩ�����Ȳ��ƽ������ɵ�·��ҵ����չ���ƶ���ҵ���ֻ����ܻ����죬�ƽ��������־��ô��·�չ���������裬��չ���ֻ�ת�ͻ���ж�����С��ҵ���ֻ�����ר���ж������־�����ҵ̬�����ж�������������С΢��ҵ�������������ǡ�����ͳ��ҵ���ֻ�ת�ͳ����ƽ������̷�ƶ���Ȳ��ϼ�ǿ��
4) We accelerated the development of innovation hubs in key areas. We achieved early successes in developing Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into international centers for science and technology innovation, made a great leap in the construction of comprehensive national science centers, and continued the development of industrial innovation hubs. We accelerated the development of national innovation demonstration zones and national new- and high-tech industry development parks, thereby further improving the coordinated distribution of productive and innovative forces. �����ص������¸ߵؽ���ӿ��ƽ����������Ϻ������۰Ĵ��������ʿƼ��������Ľ��������ֳ����γɣ��ۺ��Թ��ҿ�ѧ���Ľ����Ч��������ҵ���¸ߵؽ��������ƽ���������������ʾ�����͹��Ҹ��¼�����ҵ�������ӿ콨�裬���������ֺʹ�����������ʵ�ֽ�һ���ںϡ�
5) We continued to establish a new environment for innovation, business startups, and creativity. We applied the third batch of 20 practices developed in pilot reforms for making innovations across the board. We held the 2020 National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week both online and offline, and made plans for building a third group of innovation and business startup demonstration centers. We carried out demonstration programs in the social services sector for job creation via business startups. We further implemented the policy of guaranteeing loans for business startups. In 2020, we saw an average net increase of 41,000 market entities per day, of which 13,000 were enterprises. ���Ǵ��´�ҵ��������̬����������ȫ�������ƹ������20��ȫ�洴�¸ĸᆳ�顣��ȡ�����������ϵķ�ʽ�ٰ�2020��ȫ��˫����ܣ����ֽ��������˫��ʾ�����ء��۽���ҵ������ҵ����չ����������ҵ��ҵʾ�����Ӵ�ҵ������������ʵʩ���ȡ�ȫ���վ������г�����4.1�򻧣�������ҵ1.3�򻧡�
5. We firmly pursued the strategy of expanding domestic demand, and facilitated the faster development of a strong domestic market. We worked hard to maintain dynamic circulation in order to ensure that market supply meets demand. We tapped into and unlocked the demand potential of the domestic market, and steadily stimulated domestic demand as a driver of economic growth. ���壩�ᶨʵʩ��������ս�ԣ�ǿ������г��ӿ��γɡ�������ͨ����ѭ���������ھ�ͼ��������г�����DZ��������Ծ����������������Ȳ�������
1) Consumption played a more fundamental role. We supported the leading role of new forms and models of business in accelerating the development of new types of consumption. We worked faster to develop a number of cities into international consumption centers. We oversaw the careful implementation of pilot and demonstration schemes to boost the consumption of information goods and services and spending in the cultural and tourism sectors. We improved the quality and expanded the scale of consumption in elderly care and childcare services, and moved forward with comprehensive demonstrations for introducing e-commerce into rural areas. We both stabilized and expanded the purchase of automobiles and spending on other big-ticket items. We boosted consumption in the catering sector, and further unleashed the consumption potential of rural areas. We stepped up the building of a recycling system for old home appliances to boost purchases of new home appliances. In 2020, total retail sales of consumer goods reached 39.2 trillion yuan, and total online retail sales nationwide reached 11.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.9%. Sales of goods online increased by 14.8% and accounted for 24.9% of the total retail sales of consumer goods. һ�����ѻ������ý�һ����ǿ������֧������ҵ̬��ģʽ�����������Ѽӿ췢չ���ӿ�������������������ij��У��Ļ����������ѡ���Ϣ�����Ե�ʾ�������ƽ������������ȷ��������������ʣ����������ũ���ۺ�ʾ������ʵʩ���ȶ������������ȴ������ѣ�����������ѣ�ũ������DZ����һ���ͷš��ӿ�Ͼɼҵ������ϵ���裬�ƶ��ҵ�������ѡ�ȫ���������Ʒ�����ܶ��39.2����Ԫ��ȫ���������۶��11.8����Ԫ������10.9%������ʵ����Ʒ�������۶�����14.8%��ռ�������Ʒ�����ܶ��24.9%��
2) Greater play was given to the key role of investment. We issued the guidelines on promoting high-quality infrastructure development and the guidelines on accelerating the development of intra-city (suburban) railways for metropolitan areas. We invested more in new infrastructure and new urbanization initiatives and major projects, and began the construction of a number of major projects including the Chengdu-Lhasa Railway. We sped up releasing the central budgetary investment plan for local governments and improved the structure of investment at pace, pooling more resources to accomplish major, challenging, and urgent national goals. We prioritized public health and other weak areas exposed during the Covid-19 response while emphasizing the development of railways, highways, waterways, airports, and major water conservancy projects, as well as key science, technology, and energy infrastructure. We also gave precedence to the renovation of old residential communities in cities. We expanded the usage scope for local government special bonds in order to support the construction of major national strategic projects. We successfully implemented the long-term mechanism for opening projects to private capital, and welcomed private investment in major projects. We also launched real estate investment trusts (REITs) trials for infrastructure in order to release the value of idle assets. We deepened reform of the investment approval system, actively explored an investment project commitment system, and made steady progress on ensuring that multiple approval procedures can be initiated, reviewed, and completed simultaneously. The fixed-asset investment for the year (excluding investment by rural households) rose by 2.9%, thus significantly contributing to economic recovery and growth. ����Ͷ�ʹؼ����ý�һ�����ӡ���̨�ƶ�������ʩ��������չ��������ƶ�����Ȧ���򣨽�����·�ӿ췢չ��������Ӵ�����һ�ء�����Ͷ�����ȣ��������质����·��һ���ش󹤳̡��ӿ��´�����Ԥ����Ͷ�ʼƻ�����ʱ�����Ż��ṹ����һ������������ù��Ҳ���Ĵ��¡����¡����¡��ص�֧�ֹ������������鱩¶�Ķ̰��������·����·��ˮ�ˡ��������ش�ˮ�����ش�Ƽ�����Դ������ʩ�������Ͼ�С������������衣����ط�����ר��ծȯʹ�÷�Χ��֧�ֹ����ش�ս����Ŀ���衣�ú�������ʱ��ƽ���Ŀ��Ч���ƣ�֧�����Ͷ�ʲ����ش󹤳̽��衣����������ʩ���򲻶���Ͷ�����л���REITs���Ե㣬�̻������ʩ�����ʲ����Ͷ�������ƶȸĸ����̽��Ͷ����Ŀ��ŵ�ƣ������������ͳһ������ͬ���������������������ƽ���ȫ��̶��ʲ�Ͷ�ʣ�����ũ��������2.9%���Ծ��ûָ�������������Ҫ���á�

 

 
3) We accelerated the establishment of a modern distribution system. To advance the development of high-quality, modern logistics, we made plans to build another 22 national logistics hubs. To create an enabling environment for the distribution of fresh agricultural products, we made plans to build 17 national pivotal cold-chain logistics bases which will serve areas producing local specialty agricultural products and agricultural product distribution centers. We also moved faster to create a modern logistics operation system that incorporates logistics gateways, hubs, and networks. To introduce new models for logistics services, we encouraged the healthy and well-regulated development of new forms of Internet Plus freight transportation businesses, and promoted full integration between logistics and manufacturing to boost their innovative development. To lower costs and increase efficiency in the distribution process, we made coordinated efforts to bring down both technology costs and government-imposed transaction costs. �����ִ���ͨ��ϵ�ӿ콨�衣�ƶ��ִ�����ҵ��������չ���²��ֽ���22������������Ŧ���Ż���չ�����ٽ�����ũ��Ʒ��ͨ��������ɫũ��Ʒ���Ʋ��ء���ɢ�ز��ֽ���17�����ҹǸ������������أ���ͨ��+��Ŧ+���硱���ִ�����������ϵ�ӿ��γɡ�������������ģʽ��������������+������������ҵ̬�����淶��չ���ٽ�����ҵ����ҵ����ںϡ����·�չ��ͳ�オ����ͨ�����ƶ��Խ��׳ɱ��������Գɱ��������ƶ�����������Ч��
6. Continuous progress was made in supply-side structural reform, and new headway was made in industrial restructuring. We kept the focus of efforts in economic development on the real economy, and steadily improved the quality, performance, and core competitiveness of our economy. �����������������ṹ�Ըĸ��ҵ�ṹ���������²�������ְѷ�չ�������������ʵ�徭���ϣ���������Ч��ͺ��ľ�����������ߡ�
1) We made solid progress in promoting high-quality development of manufacturing. We launched projects to enhance the core competitiveness of the manufacturing sector, implemented pilot and demonstration programs for fostering advanced manufacturing clusters, and made effective use of the investment fund for advanced manufacturing. We pushed forward integrated development between next-generation information technology and manufacturing, and continued to improve industrial internet platforms in order to facilitate the development of manufacturing. We encouraged enterprises to transform themselves into smart, eco-friendly, and quality service providers, and established a number of high-quality smart manufacturing demonstration plants and green manufacturing demonstration projects. These initiatives have propelled safe, green, intensive, and efficient development in traditional industries. We continued to consolidate our achievements in cutting overcapacity and improved the distribution of major productive forces. By approving larger mining projects, suspending smaller ones, and increasing the number of efficient and responsible producers while eliminating those not up to standard, we slashed outdated production capacity last year by more than 100 million tons, thereby optimizing China's coal production capacity. In the iron and steel industry, we refined the measures for production capacity replacement and registration, accomplished all the targets for cutting crude steel production capacity during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and encouraged enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations. We optimized the planning for the petrochemical industry, pressing ahead with major projects while advancing the relocation and renovation of hazardous chemical plants in densely populated urban areas. We promoted the high-quality development of strategic mineral resources such as rare earths, and improved the regulation of resource exploitation. We also boosted the innovative development of intelligent vehicles and successfully organized a series of activities for the 2020 Chinese Brands Day. һ������ҵ��������չ��ʵ�ƽ���ʵʩ��ǿ����ҵ���ľ��������̡���չ�Ƚ�����ҵ��Ⱥ�����Ե�ʾ�������Ӻ��Ƚ������ҵͶ�ʻ������á����һ����Ϣ����������ҵ�ںϷ�չ����һ�����ƹ�ҵ������ƽ̨������ϵ��������ҵ��չ���ܻ�����ɫ�������񻯸��죬����һ����ˮƽ��������ʾ����������ɫ����ʾ����Ŀ���ٽ���ͳ��ҵ��ȫ����ɫ�����ۡ���Ч��չ����������ȥ���ܳɹ����Ż��ش����������֡���֡��ϴ�ѹС������̭�ӡ����Ż�ú̿���ܽṹ��ȫ����̭������1�ڶ����ϡ����Ƹ�����Ŀ�����û��ͱ����취��ȫ����ɡ�ʮ���塱�ڼ�ѹ���ֲָ���Ŀ�����񣬻����ƽ�������ҵ�沢���顣��һ���Ż�ʯ����ҵ���֣��ƶ��ش�ʯ����Ŀ����ͳ����˿��ܼ���Σ�ջ�ѧƷ������ҵ��Ǩ���졣�ٽ�ϡ����ս���Կ����Դ��ҵ��������չ���淶��Դ���������ƶ������������·�չ���ɹ��ٰ�����2020���й�Ʒ����ϵ�л��
2) We pushed forward the development of the modern service industry. In endeavoring to develop a quality, efficient, and competitive service industry, we formulated the guidelines on advancing reform, opening up, and the development of the service sector. We launched the first group of trials for integrated development between advanced manufacturing and modern services, and stimulated development in producer services, including industrial generic technologies R&D, industrial design, integration management, general contracting, lifecycle management, inspection, testing, and certification. �����ִ�����ҵ��չ������ʵ�����������������ʸ�Ч��������ǿ�ķ����ҵ��ϵ����̨��һ���ƽ�����ҵ�ĸ↑�ŷ�չ��ָ���������֯�����Ƚ�����ҵ���ִ�����ҵ�ںϷ�չ�Ե㣬�����ƶ���ҵ���Լ����з�����ҵ��ơ��ܼ����ܳа���ȫ�������ڹ�������������֤�������Է���ҵ��չ��
3) We effectively ensured food security and the adequate market supply of agricultural and sideline products. We maintained stability in grain output, which exceeded 650 million metric tons for the sixth year in a row. This ensures both our basic self-sufficiency in cereal grains and absolute food security. Based on a more precise analysis of supply and demand, we further improved the grain reserves regulation system. In an effort to refine the system for coordinating grain production, purchase, storage, processing, and sales, we optimized the types and locations of stockpiled grain varieties, established a dynamic mechanism for adjusting the size of government stockpiles, supported the construction of 234 grain storage, logistics, and emergency response facilities, and steadfastly increased grain storage capacity and distribution efficiency in order to systematically reduce grain loss in all links of the post-production process. With regard to pork supplies, we tracked, studied, and assessed hog market developments, built up infrastructure for animal epidemic prevention and control, and implemented routine preventative measures against African swine fever. We facilitated the strong recovery of hog production and released frozen pork from central government reserves at key times of the year, thus effectively ensuring the supply of pork and other essential commodities. An adequate quantity of vegetables and fruits is available on the market, indicating a marked improvement in our capacity to provide a balanced food supply. ������ʳ��ȫ��ũ����Ʒ�г���Ӧ�õ��������ϡ��ȶ���ʳ��������ʳ��������6�걣����1.3���ڽ����ϣ�ʵ�ֹ�������Ը����������԰�ȫ����ǿ��ʳ�������Ʒ������У���һ��������ʳ����������ϵ��������ʳ��������������Эͬ���ϻ��ƣ��Ż�����Ʒ�ֽṹ�����򲼾֣���������������ģ��̬�������ƣ�֧�ֽ���234����ʳ�ִ�������Ӧ����Ŀ������������ʳ�ִ������������ʳ��ͨЧ�ʣ��໷��ȫ����ϵͳ��������ʳ������ʧ����ʱ�������������г����Ʊ仯����ǿ������߻�����ʩ���裬���÷���������̬�����أ����������ӿ�ָ����۽���Ҫʱ��Ͷ�����붳���ⴢ������Ч�������������Ҫ������Ʒ�Ĺ�Ӧ���������ӡ����������ӡ��Ȳ�Ʒ�������㣬���⹩Ӧ����������ǿ��
4) We further enhanced China's capacity to safeguard energy security. We vigorously developed systems for the production, supply, storage, and sales of coal, electricity, petroleum, and natural gas. We improved China's ability to ensure self-sufficiency in those mineral resources which are in short supply, increased the reserves, storage capacity and output of petroleum and natural gas, and stepped up work on major electricity projects. Major power grids across the country were largely connected up. The capacity for west-to-east electricity transmission reached 260 million kilowatts. China's installed capacity for wind power, solar power, and hydropower remained the world's largest, with its installed capacity for electricity generated from non-fossil energy rising to 980 million kilowatts. We also proceeded with the transformation of power systems to make them more flexible, and raised the utilization rate of wind power, photovoltaic power, and hydropower to over 96%. ������Դ��ȫ�����������������������ƽ�ú����������������ϵ���裬��һ����ǿ��ȱ�����Դ���������������ƶ��������������ϲ�����ǿ���������������ش�������̽��衣ȫ�����������ʵ����ͨ�����綫�������ﵽ2.6��ǧ�ߡ���硢̫���ܡ�ˮ��װ����ģ���������һ���ǻ�ʯ��Դ����װ����ģ������9.8��ǧ�ߡ�������չ����ϵͳ����Ը��죬��硢��������ˮ�������ʾ���ߵ�96%���ϡ�

 
7. We fully implemented the rural revitalization strategy, and maintained momentum in the development of agriculture and rural areas. Work related to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents was carried out in a coordinated manner, and continuous improvements were made to the industrial, production, and business operation systems for modern agriculture. As a result, agricultural and rural development improved noticeably. ���ߣ�����ʵʩ�������ս�ԣ�ũҵũ�巢չ��ͷ������á�ͳ���ƽ�����ũ�������������Ż��ִ�ũҵ��ҵ��ϵ��������ϵ����Ӫ��ϵ��ũҵũ�巢չˮƽ������ߡ�
1) We deepened supply-side structural reform in the agricultural sector. We implemented the food crop production strategy based on farmland management and the application of technology. Agricultural infrastructure continued to be improved, with the total area of high-quality cropland increasing by 5.33 million hectares. Scientific and technological support for agricultural development was strengthened, with the overall level of mechanization in plowing, sowing, and harvesting increasing to 71%. We proceeded with projects to better protect animal and plant resources, and bolstered our capacity to prevent and mitigate natural disasters. Sound regional distribution, scaled-up operations, standardized production, commercial services, and brand marketing constitute the future of agricultural development, as well as the means to boost land and labor productivity. After actively promoting scaled-up operations by means of third party cultivation, land trusteeship, and production service outsourcing, we saw the volume of contracted land-use right transfers in rural areas reach 37 million hectares. Financial support for agriculture steadily grew. The outstanding balance of bank loans to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents stood at 38.95 trillion yuan at the end of 2020, a year-on-year increase of 10.7%. һ��ũҵ������ṹ�Ըĸ��һ�����ʵʩ�����ڵء������ڼ�ս�ԡ�ũҵ������ʩ�������ϸ��ƣ����8000��Ķ�߱�׼ũ����Ƚ�������ũҵ�Ƽ�֧�Ų��ϼ�ǿ��ũ����������ۺϻ�е���ʴﵽ71%����ֲ�ﱣ������������������ʵʩ��ũҵ���ּ�������������ǿ�����򻯲��֡���ģ����Ӫ����׼����������ữ����Ʒ�ƻ�Ӫ����Ϊũҵ��չ�������ƣ���Ч��������������ʡ��Ͷ������ʡ������ƽ������йܡ��������֡�������������ȹ�ģ��Ӫ��ʽ��ȫ��ũ��а�������ת�ﵽ5.55��Ķ������֧ũͶ���Ȳ����ӣ���ĩ��ũ�������38.95����Ԫ������10.7%��
2) We advanced integrated industrial development in rural areas. We approved two batches of 200 national demonstration parks in total as part of our explorations and innovations for effectively promoting integrated development of industries in rural areas. The development of agricultural product processing and distribution gathered speed, with industrial and value chains extended and integration of the production, processing, and sales of farm products significantly accelerated. As various functions of agriculture and the countryside are unlocked, new types of business are flourishing, including e-commerce, farm-based recreation, and rural tourism. ����ũ���ҵ�ںϷ�չ�����ƽ������϶�������200������ũ���ҵ�ںϷ�չʾ��԰��̽�������ںϷ�չ����Ч·����ũ��Ʒ�ӹ���ͨҵ�ӿ췢չ��ũҵ��ҵ������ֵ���������죬ũ��Ʒ������һ�廯�������Լӿ졣ũҵũ����ֹ��ܵõ��ͷţ�ũ����̡����й۹�ũҵ��������ε���ҵ̬���չ��
3) We made an all-out effort to build a beautiful and livable countryside. Village cleaning initiatives were advanced. We formulated and refined standards and norms for the Toilet Revolution and household waste and sewage treatment, and accomplished the tasks and goals for the three-year campaign to improve rural living environments. More than 68% of rural areas now have access to sanitary toilets, and the proportion of administrative villages where household waste is collected and treated has risen to over 90%. We intensified efforts to shore up points of weakness in rural infrastructure relating to rural roads and the water and power supply, and advanced reform of the management and maintenance systems for rural public infrastructure. With the completion of a new round of power-grid upgrading, universal energy services in rural areas also markedly improved. ���������˾���彨��ȫ���ƽ�������ʵʩ��ׯ����ж����ƶ�����ũ�����������������ˮ����������������ر�׼�淶��ũ���˾ӻ������������ж�����Ŀ������˳����ɣ�ũ�����������ռ��ʳ���68%��ũ�����������������˴������������������90%��ǿ��ˮ��·��ũ�������ʩ�̰�����ͱ������ڽ��裬�ƶ�ũ�幫��������ʩ�ܻ����Ƹĸ�����һ��ũ�����죬��Դ�ձ����ˮƽ���������
8. We worked faster to build new mechanisms for coordinated regional development and improved the framework for development between regions. We focused on harnessing the comparative strengths of each region and vigorously promoted integrated urban-rural development. We continued to refine the arrangements for achieving complementarity and coordinated development between regions, and steadily implemented the functional zoning strategy. A system of integrated plans for China's territorial space is being put in place. ���ˣ��ӿ칹������Э����չ�»��ƣ�����չ��ֽ�һ���Ż�������ע�ط�������Ƚ����ƣ������ٽ������ںϷ�չ���������ƻ�����Э����չ�ĸ�ֳ����Ż������幦����ս���Ȳ��ƽ���������һ���Ĺ����ռ�滮��ϵ�����γɡ�
1) We steadily advanced new, people-centered urbanization. As part of the deepening reform of the household registration system, we essentially removed all restrictions on permanent residency in cities with permanent urban populations of less than three million and accomplished the goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people. We made further refinements to spatial plans for urbanization, drew up and implemented the general development plan for the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone, instituted mechanisms to facilitate coordinated development in the Guanzhong Plains, Lanzhou-Xining, and other city clusters, and pushed for higher levels of urban integration in metropolitan areas like Nanjing, Guangzhou-Foshan, and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan. In county towns weaknesses were steadily addressed, and nationwide trials for new urbanization came to a successful close, producing a host of effective practices that were replicated throughout the country. Development in towns with distinctive features was gradually put onto a more robust footing with improved regulation, and extensive explorations and experiments got under way in national pilot zones for integrated urban-rural development. һ������Ϊ���ĵ����ͳ�����ʵ�ƽ��������ƶȸĸ������ƽ���������ס�˿�300�����³��л���ȡ���仧���ƣ�1�ڷǻ����˿��仧����Ŀ��˳��ʵ�֡����򻯿ռ��ֳ����Ż����������˫�Ǿ���Ȧ����滮��Ҫ����ʵʩ������ƽԭ�����ݣ������ȳ���Ⱥ����Э���ƽ����ƣ��Ͼ�����𡢳���̶�ȶ���Ȧͬ�ǻ�ˮƽ�����������سDz��̰�ǿ������Ȳ��ƽ����������ͳ����ۺ��Ե�˳���չ٣�һ����Ч������ȫ�������ƹ㡣��ɫС�������Ϲ淶������չ��������ҳ����ںϷ�չ������ȫ������̽�����顣
2) We continued to implement major regional development strategies. We promoted the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. We relieved Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as China's capital with proactive and prudent measures, advanced the construction of Xiongan New Area according to high standards and quality requirements, and accelerated the development of Beijing Municipality's administrative center in Tongzhou. We continued to implement major projects for coordinated development and stepped up the construction of intercity rail in the region. We advanced systematic environmental protection and restoration along the Yangtze Economic Belt through concrete measures. We carried out a project to treat urban sewage and waste and to tackle pollution from the chemicals industry, ships, agricultural non-point sources, and tailing sites. A 10-year ban on fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River basin came into force, pilot and demonstration programs for green development were launched, and the Yangtze River Conservation Law was promulgated. We promoted the steady development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. We encouraged greater coordination between scientific and technological innovation and industry, developed major cooperative platforms, and implemented a plan for the development of intercity rail. We also made progress in promoting the interconnectivity of infrastructure, regulations, and mechanisms. We issued and carried out the Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Pilot Reform of Making Shenzhen a Pioneering Demonstration Zone for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics (2020-2025). We made steady headway in integrating the development of the Yangtze River Delta. We developed major platforms and advanced inter-regional cooperation, established a collaborative innovation network, and promoted joint protection of the environment and ecosystems. We enhanced infrastructure connectivity, and made faster progress in providing convenient and accessible public services across the delta. We published and began implementing the overall plan for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin. ���������ش�ս������ʵʩ�������ƽ�����Эͬ��չ������������ⱱ�����׶����ܣ��߱�׼�������ƽ��۰������滮���裬�ӿ챱�����и����Ľ��裬����ʵʩЭͬ��չ�ش���Ŀ���Ӵ󾩽򼽵����Ǽ���·�滮�������ȡ���ʵ�ƽ��������ô���̬����ϵͳ�Ա����޸�������ʵʩ������ˮ������������Ⱦ��ũҵ��Դ��Ⱦ��������Ⱦ�Լ�β���������4+1�����̣����������ص�ˮ��ʮ����桱ȫ�����������뿪չ��ɫ��չ�Ե�ʾ����������������ʽ��̨���Ȳ��ƽ����۰Ĵ��������裬�Ӵ�Ƽ����ºͲ�ҵЭͬ���ȣ������ƽ��ش����ƽ̨���裬ʵʩ���۰Ĵ������Ǽ���·����滮��������ʩ�͹�����ƻ�����ͨȡ���½�չ�������ڽ����й���ɫ�����������ʾ�����ۺϸĸ��Ե�ʵʩ������2020��2025�꣩����̨ʵʩ����ʵ�ƽ�������һ�廯��չ���ƽ��ش�ƽ̨����Ϳ������������������Эͬ����������ϵ���������̬�����������Σ�����������ʩ������ͨˮƽ���ӿ칫����������������ƺ�������̬�����͸�������չ�滮��Ҫӡ��ʵʩ��
3) We implemented the strategy for coordinated regional development. We ushered in a new stage in the large-scale development of China's western region, supported the full revitalization of northeast China, promoted the rise of the central region at a faster pace, and introduced a policy package to support the economic and social development of Hubei Province. We also continued to promote the trailblazing development of the eastern region.We made a major push to develop key sectors and key platforms, and supported the construction of key projects in state-level new areas and demonstration zones for industrial relocation. We made new strides in the revitalization of old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, those areas affected by ecological degradation and resource dependency, and old industrial areas. We also steadily boosted the marine economy by coordinating development both on land and at sea. ��������Э����չս����ϸ��ʵ�������ƽ������󿪷��γ��¸�֣�֧�ֶ�������ȫ�����ˣ��ٽ��в������ӿ����𣬳�̨ʵʩ֧�ֺ���ʡ������ᷢչһ�������ߣ������ƶ������������ȷ�չ�������ƽ��ص������ص�ƽ̨���裬֧�ֹ��Ҽ������ͳнӲ�ҵת��ʾ�����ص���Ŀ���衣��������������������߾���������̬�˻���������Դ�͵������Ϲ�ҵ�������˷�չ�����²��������½��ͳ��Ȳ��ƽ����󾭼÷�չ��
9. We furthered reform in all respects, helping to boost the confidence and vitality of market entities. Faster progress was achieved in improving the socialist market economy. New breakthroughs were made in furthering reform through comprehensive moves. Both the dynamism of development and internal drivers of growth were further enhanced. ���ţ�ȫ����ĸ���������г��������ĺͻ�����һ����ǿ����������г��������Ƽӿ����ƣ�ȫ����ĸ�ȡ���µ�ͻ�ƣ���չ����������������һ����ǿ��
1) We improved the systems and mechanisms for the market-based allocation of production factors. We reformed land-use planning and management practices. We granted provincial-level governments more decision-making power over the development of land, launched a new round of trial reforms on rural land designated for housing, and adjusted the parameters of use for proceeds from the sale of land-use rights, making rural revitalization a key priority for support. We worked quickly to improve the system for appraising skilled personnel, gradually opened avenues for awarding professional titles to personnel in private enterprises, and steadily developed integrated mechanisms for the mutual recognition of professional qualifications between regions. We furthered reforms related to the right to use, transfer, and profit from scientific and technological output, and piloted the practice of granting researchers employed in research institutions ownership or permanent use rights over the scientific and technological outputs they produce on the job. We staged trials for developing and utilizing public data resources and promoted the sharing of government data in an orderly manner. We also developed an action plan for establishing a sound market system. һ��Ҫ���г����������ƻ��ƽ�һ�����ơ�����ؼƻ�������ʽ�ĸ����ʡ������������������Ȩ��������һ��ũ��լ�����ƶȸĸ��Ե㣬�����������س�������ʹ�÷�Χ������֧��������ˡ��ӿ����Ƽ����˲������ƶȣ���Ӫ��ҵְ�����������𽥴�ͨ������һ�廯�˲��ʸ��ϻ����Ȳ��ƽ�����Ƽ��ɹ�ʹ��Ȩ������Ȩ������Ȩ�ĸ��չ���������Աְ��Ƽ��ɹ�����Ȩ����ʹ��Ȩ�Ե㡣��չ����������Դ���������Ե㣬�ƽ������������������ƶ�����߱�׼�г���ϵ�ж�������
 

 
2) We promoted the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). We vigorously implemented the three-year action plan for SOE reform. We essentially completed the tasks of relieving SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and of resolving other longstanding problems concerning SOEs, prudently yet steadily advanced mixed ownership reform, and ensured that the supervision of state capital became more systemic, targeted, and effective. We also made new strides toward developing market-oriented operating mechanisms. As part of the reform of key sectors, we relieved power grid enterprises of some of their competitive operations such as equipment manufacturing. The China Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Corporation successfully took charge of China's oil and gas network assets, personnel, and operations, thus creating an interconnected national network of pipelines that will be opened up in a more equitable manner to non-public capital and market entities. ���ǹ�����ҵ�ĸ������ƽ�������ʵʩ����ĸ������ж�����������ְ�ܺͽ����ʷ���������������������ɣ�������ҵ��������Ƹĸ����������������ʲ���ܵ�ϵͳ���������Ч��������ǿ���г�����Ӫ���ƽ��������²�������ص���ҵ�ĸ�ƶ�������ҵ����װ������Ⱦ�����ҵ�񡣹���ʯ����Ȼ�������������޹�˾������������ʲ�����Ա��ҵ�񽻽ӣ�ʵ�ֲ������У��ƶ���������������ʱ����г����幫ƽ���š�
3) We continued to improve the development environment for private enterprises. We introduced a range of policies and measures to ease market access, strengthen financial support, create an environment of fair competition, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of private businesses and their owners. We gradually lifted restrictions on private businesses engaging in the exploration and development of oil and gas resources, and supported the involvement of private businesses in the development of transportation infrastructure. We worked speedily to set up a long-term mechanism for ensuring that commercial banks have the confidence, willingness, and ability to loan to private enterprises, and achieved significant results with regard to the settlement of overdue payments owed to private, small, and medium businesses. We made progress on abolishing policies and measures that disrupt China's unified national market and impinge on fair competition, and attained positive results in the campaign to resolve property rights disputes involving the government. ������Ӫ��ҵ��չ�����������ơ��ڷſ��г�׼�롢��ǿ����֧�֡�Ӫ�칫ƽ����������������ҵ����ҵ�ҺϷ�Ȩ��ȷ����̨һϵ�����߾ٴ롣��Ӫ��ҵ����������̽���ɵ�׼�������𲽷ſ���֧����Ӫ��ҵ���뽻ͨ������ʩ���跢չ����ҵ���ж���Ӫ��ҵ���Ҵ���Ը�����ܴ����ij�Ч���Ƽӿ콨����������Ƿ��Ӫ��ҵ��С��ҵ�˿��ж�ȡ����Ҫ�ɹ�������ͳһ�г��͹�ƽ���������ߴ�ʩ�������������ƽ�����������Ȩ��������ר������ȡ�û�����Ч��
4) We made continuous improvements to the business environment. We pushed ahead with the reform to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. We fully enforced the Regulations on Improving the Business Environment, and carried out business environment evaluations in some cities. The 2020 Report on China's Business Environment was published. We carried out extensive reform of the construction project approval system, and largely completed work on a national unified system for project approval and management. We continued to improve the business environment with regard to public bidding and government procurement and introduced online trading for all public resources. The Negative List for Market Access (2020) was published, with the number of listed items being reduced to 123 from the 131 items on the previous version. Restrictions on market access thus continued to be loosened. ����Ӫ�̻��������Ż������Źܷ����ĸ������ƽ���ȫ��ʵʩ�Ż�Ӫ�̻����������ڲ��ֳ��п�չӪ�̻������ۣ����й�Ӫ�̻�������2020����ʽ���������뿪չ���̽�����Ŀ�����ƶȸĸ��������ȫ��ͳһ�������͹�����ϵ���б�Ͷ��������ɹ�����Ӫ�̻��������Ż���������Դȫ���̵��ӻ�����ȫ�����С��޶�ӡ�����г�׼�븺���嵥��2020��棩�����嵥������131��ѹ����123��г�׼�����Ƴ����ſ���
5) We accelerated the pace of reform in key areas such as public finance and taxation, the financial sector, and pricing. We published and implemented the reform plan for dividing fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments in such areas as ecological conservation, public cultural services, natural resources, and emergency relief services. We implemented a registration system for the public issuance of all corporate and company bonds, increased the resilience of the capital market and ensured its continued stability, and made the financial sector more adaptable, competitive, and inclusive. We revised the Central Government Pricing Catalog, shortening it by 30%, and deepened price reforms in key areas such as electric power, oil and gas, public utilities, and agricultural products. Reform and opening up in the service sector was stepped up, and reform of the electric power, oil, and gas systems was expanded. ���Dz�˰�����ڡ��۸���ص�����ĸﲽ���ӿ졣��̬�����������Ļ�����Ȼ��Դ��Ӧ����Ԯ������������ط�������Ȩ��֧�����λ��ָĸ﷽��ӡ��ʵʩ������������ҵծȯ����˾ծȯȫ��ʵʩע���ƣ��ʱ��г�������ǿ����������ƽ��̬�ƣ�����ҵ����Ӧ�ԡ����������ջ����Ȳ��������޶������붨��Ŀ¼����������Ŀ������30%��������������������ҵ��ũ��Ʒ���ص�����۸�ĸﲻ���������ҵ�ĸ↑�ŷ�չ���Ƚ�һ���Ӵ󣬵������������Ƹĸ�������
10. We persistently broadened and deepened opening up, and worked faster to develop new institutions for an open economy. We took solid steps to cope with the uncertainties of the Covid-19 pandemic and the external environment, and continued to open up more sectors of the economy in a more thorough fashion to more countries. ��ʮ��������չ���⿪�ŷ�Χ������Ͳ�Σ������;��������Ƽӿ칹���������˷��¹ڷ���������ⲿ������಻ȷ���ԣ����ʵʩ����Χ���������򡢸����ζ��⿪�š�
1) Greater efforts were made to ensure stable foreign trade and foreign investment. Last year, China's total volume of trade in goods reached 32.2 trillion yuan, and foreign investment totaled US$ 144.4 billion. We expanded the coverage of export credit insurance, increased export credit supply, and improved the export tax rebate policy. We kept processing trade stable, and supported the innovative development of border trade. The development of new forms and models of trade picked up pace with the establishment of 46 additional integrated experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce, the expansion of trials on retail import to 86 cities and throughout Hainan Island, and the launching of 17 new market procurement trade trials. We actively explored new forms of business such as maintenance services in bonded areas and off-shore trade. We successfully hosted the third China International Import Expo and the China International Fair for Trade in Services, and held the 127th and 128th China Import and Export Fair online. Steady progress was made in jointly implementing phase one of the China-US economic and trade agreement. The two editions of the 2020 negative list for foreign investment regarding the whole country and regarding pilot free trade zones were reduced to 33 and 30 items respectively, with restrictions on market access being further relaxed for services, manufacturing, and agriculture. We issued the 2020 edition catalog of industries open to foreign investment, expanding the scope of investment. We formulated a negative list for foreign investment in the Hainan Free Trade Port, and promoted a higher standard of liberalization and facilitation of investment in this area. Beijing saw a new round of comprehensive trials for further opening up the service sector. һ������ó���������ȼӴ�ȫ���������ڶ��32.2����Ԫ����������1444����Ԫ������������ñ��ո��Ƿ�Χ�����ӳ����Ŵ�Ͷ�ţ����Ƴ�����˰���ߣ��ȶ��ӹ�ó�ף�֧�ֱ߾�ó�״��·�չ��ó����ҵ̬��ģʽ�ӿ췢չ������46���羳���������ۺ����������羳�������۽����Ե�������86�����кͺ���ȫ��������17���г��ɹ�ó�׷�ʽ�Ե㣬����̽����˰ά�ޡ��밶ó�׵���ҵ�񡣵������й����ʽ��ڲ����ᡢ�й����ʷ���ó�׽��׻�ɹ��ٰ죬�����Ͼٰ��127��128��㽻�ᡣ��ͬ��ʵ������һ�׶ξ�óЭ�鹤���Ȳ��ƽ���ȫ������ó����������׼�븺���嵥�ֱ�������33����30������һ���ſ�����ҵ������ҵ��ũҵ��������׼�롣��̨2020����������Ͷ�ʲ�ҵĿ¼�������������Ͷ�ʷ�Χ���ƶ���������ó�׸�����׼�븺���嵥������Ͷ�����ɻ�������ˮƽ��һ����ߡ�������һ�ַ���ҵ���󿪷��ۺ��Ե�������
2) Steady progress was made in advancing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). We coordinated efforts to contain Covid-19 and to develop overseas BRI projects, with outbound investment generally remaining stable. China signed the cooperation plan with the African Union on jointly promoting the development of the BRI. International cooperation on production capacity and third-party market cooperation were continuously enhanced. In developing the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, the two countries worked together to successfully coordinate epidemic response and economic development, thereby providing a model of coordination for other BRI projects. Positive results were achieved in the building of the Kyaukpyu Special Economic Zone in Myanmar and the China-UAE Demonstration Park for Industrial Production Cooperation, and construction progressed steadily on projects to improve connectivity, such as the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed line and the Hungary-Serbia, China-Laos, and China-Thailand rail lines. We intensified efforts to advance the healthy, green, and digital Silk Road initiatives. China-Europe freight train services continued to develop smoothly, with over 12,000 trips being made despite difficulties, a year-on-year increase of 50%, and the ratio of loaded containers reached 98.4%. ���ǹ�����һ��һ·���Ȳ��ƽ���ͳ���ƽ�������غ͡�һ��һ·��������Ŀ���裬����Ͷ�ʱ�������ƽ�ȡ����������ǩ�𹲽���һ��һ·�������滮�����ʲ��ܺ����͵������г�������������а;������ȳɹ�ͳ���������������Ϊ��һ��һ·���ش���Ŀ������ץ�����������󡱵ı�ˡ�����Ư�����������а������������ܺ���ʾ��԰��ȡ�û�����չ��������������������ϡ���̩��·�Ȼ�����ͨ��Ŀ��ʵ�ƽ�������˿��֮·����ɫ˿��֮·������˿��֮·���������ƽ�����ŷ���б��ְ�ȫ�ȶ���ͨ���У�����������1.2���У���������50%���ۺ������ʴ�98.4%��
3) Breakthroughs were made in opening-up pacesetter projects. We issued a comprehensive plan for developing the Hainan Free Trade Port, and worked faster to establish the policy and institutional framework for its development. An additional three pilot free trade zones were set up, including one in Beijing, and the pilot free trade zone in Zhejiang was expanded. Over the course of the past year, 37 institutional innovation practices from pilot free trade zones were applied across the country, bringing the total number of such practices to 260. A total of 12 new integrated bonded areas were established, and another 7 special customs regulation zones were upgraded into integrated bonded areas. Key pilot zones for development and opening up were set up in Baise, Guangxi and Tacheng, Xinjiang. ���Ƕ��⿪�Ÿߵؽ���ȡ���³�Ч����������ó�׸۽������巽����̨ʵʩ�������ƶȿ�ܼӿ콨�������豱����3����ó���������ƶ��㽭��ó��������������ȫ�������ƹ���ó������37���ƶȴ��³ɹ����ۼƸ����ƹ�260�����12���ۺϱ�˰������7��������ʽ�ĺ����������������Ż�Ϊ�ۺϱ�˰��������������ɫ���½������ص㿪��������������
4) New strides were made toward greater participation in global economic governance. China has actively introduced its stance and approaches through important multilateral platforms including the BRICS, the UN, the G20, and APEC. We made progress toward the formal signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement, the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement (FTA), and the China-EU Geographical Indications Agreement. The China-Mauritius Free Trade Agreement was put into force as scheduled. Negotiations on the China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment were completed on time, and talks on FTAs with Norway and Moldova were accelerated. China proposed the Global Initiative on Data Security, and promoted international cooperation and exchanges with regard to the digital economy. China has worked actively to develop global partnerships, advanced coordination and cooperation with other major countries, strengthened relations with neighboring countries, and enhanced solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. ���Dz���ȫ�򾭼����������²����������Ϲ�����ʮ�����š���̫������֯����ש���ҵ���Ҫ���ƽ̨��������й����ź��й��������ƶ�����ȫ�澭�û���ϵЭ�����м���óЭ������ŷ������־Э������ʽǩ���й���ë����˹��óЭ����ʱ��Чʵʩ����ŷͶ��Э��̸��������ɣ��й���Ų�����й���Ħ��������óЭ��̸�мӿ��ƽ��������ȫ�����ݰ�ȫ���顷���ƶ����־��ù��ʺ����뽻����������չȫ�����ϵ���ƽ����Э���������ͬ�ܱ߹��ҹ�ϵ����ǿͬ��չ�й����Ž������
11. We stepped up efforts to ensure that people's basic needs were met. To address the impact that Covid-19 has had on people's wellbeing, we scaled up investment and ensured full implementation of policies, thereby establishing a more effective social safety net and helping our people live happier and more secure lives. Per capita disposable personal income nationwide increased by 2.1% in real terms. ��ʮһ��ǿ���������ף�����Ⱥ�ڻ�������õ���ʵ���ϡ��������������������⣬ͨ���Ӵ�Ͷ�롢��ʵ���ߡ�֯��������ᱣ������������������Ⱥ�ڻ�ø��Ҹ��а�ȫ�С�ȫ�������˾���֧������ʵ������2.1%��
1) The employment-first policy was thoroughly and effectively implemented. Employment is pivotal to people's wellbeing. Efforts to protect market entities are also intended to stabilize employment and maintain living standards. We therefore strengthened support for enterprises, lightening their burden and helping them to keep their payrolls stable and create more jobs. We provided support and assistance to market entities including key industries, to MSMEs, and to self-employed individuals affected by the epidemic. We also worked to increase employment by expanding effective investment. We worked to ensure employment for key groups through multiple channels, and supported innovation and business startups as a way to increase employment. We carried out job creation demonstration initiatives through boosting innovation and entrepreneurship in social services such as domestic services, elderly care, childcare, rural tourism, and home appliance recycling. We continued to support migrant workers and city dwellers in returning home and moving to the countryside to start businesses. We supported flexible employment through diversified channels. We scaled up recruitment in individually-owned businesses, SOEs, public institutions, and community-level programs, and enlarged graduate education enrollment, military recruitment, and internships. We encouraged college graduates to enter market-based employment. We coordinated efforts to ensure employment for key groups such as demobilized military personnel and migrant workers. We supported the establishment of 53 regional public training centers in order to help members of key groups upgrade their skills. һ�Ǿ�ҵ����������ϸ��ʵ����ҵ���������������г�����Ҳ��Ϊ�Ⱦ�ҵ���������Ӵ�������ȸڡ�����ҵ֧�����ȣ����������Ӱ����ص���ҵ����С΢��ҵ�͸��幤�̻����г����������������ЧͶ�����Ӿ�ҵ�������������ص�Ⱥ���ҵ������֧�ִ��ڴ�ҵ���ڴ��´�����ҵ���ڼ�����������������������Ρ��ҵ���յ�����������չ˫��������ҵʾ���ж����ƽ��������紴ҵ��������չ��֧�ֶ���������ҵ��������徭Ӫ����������ҵ��λ��Ƹ��������Ŀ��Ƹ����ѧ���顢��ҵ��ϰ�����ɾ�ҵ��ģ���ٽ���У��ҵ���г�����ữ��ҵ��ͳ���������۾��ˡ�ũ�񹤵��ص�Ⱥ���ҵ������֧�ֽ���53�������Թ���ʵѵ���أ������ص�Ⱥ���ҵ���ܡ�
2) Efforts to build a Healthy China made solid headway. The Healthy China initiative was launched, and extensive activities to improve public sanitation were carried out. A comprehensive effort was made to prevent and reduce teenage myopia. Elderly care and childcare services were improved, and people's health literacy has improved markedly. Construction on regional medical centers got under way, and both the development of medical consortiums and comprehensive reforms in county-level public hospitals proceeded smoothly, with 84% of county-level hospitals either meeting or exceeding standards. It is estimated that the number of beds in medical and healthcare institutions has reached 6.5 per 1,000 people. Continuous progress was made toward the development of a modern hospital management system, and markups on all consumables sold by public medical institutions were abolished. Coordination between the provision of medical services and medical education was also strengthened. The regional registration system for physicians was improved, with the number of active physicians (physician assistants) and general practitioners estimated at 2.9 per 1,000 people and 2.83 per 10,000 people respectively. Reforms to centralize the procurement and use of medicines and medical consumables were carried forward in a coordinated way, and solid steps were taken to stabilize the supply and prices of in-demand medicines. The number of essential medicines was increased from 520 to 685. ���ǽ����й�������ʵ�ƽ��������й��ж�����ʵʩ�����뿪չ���������˶����ۺϷ��ض�ͯ��������ӣ������ƽ���һ��һС���������񣬾��񽡿�����ˮƽ��������������ҽ�����Ľ���������ҽ���彨��������ۺ�ҽ���Ȳ��ƽ���84%���ؼ�ҽԺ�ﵽ����������ҽԺˮƽ��ÿǧ�˿�ҽ������������λ��Ԥ��6.5�š��ִ�ҽԺ�����ƶȽ�������ƽ�������ҽԺ�IJļӳ�ȫ��ȡ����ҽ��Эͬ�������ҽʦ����ע���ƶȽ������ƣ�ÿǧ�˿�ִҵ��������ҽʦ��Ԥ��2.9�ˣ�ÿ���˿�ȫ��ҽ����Ԥ��2.83�ˡ�ҩƷ��ҽ�úIJļ��вɹ���ʹ�øĸ�Эͬ�ƽ�����ȱҩƷ�����ȼ���ʵ�ƶ�������ҩ��������520�����ӵ�685�֡�
3) The social security system was further improved. The number of people covered by the basic old-age insurance schemes for urban employees and for rural and non-working urban residents reached 999 million. The centrally-regulated share of enterprise employees' basic old-age insurance funds was raised from 3.5% to 4.0%, and the collection and spending of funds was jointly managed at the provincial level. Basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees were steadily increased. Basic medical insurance schemes for urban employees and for rural and non-working urban residents along with the major disease insurance system were all improved. Significant results were achieved in guaranteeing medical insurance for poor people, and steady progress was made in making dynamic adjustments to the catalog of medicines covered by medical insurance. Workers' compensation benefits were paid out to 1.85 million employees who had suffered work-related injuries and their dependents. We expanded the scope of unemployment insurance, provided temporary unemployment subsidies, and extended such subsidies to more unemployed migrant workers on a time-limited basis. In 2020, 13.37 million unemployed people received unemployment benefits from varying insurance schemes. A total of 104.2 billion yuan from unemployment insurance funds was refunded in order to help 6.08 million enterprises maintain stable employment, benefiting 156 million employees. We worked harder to ensure that people's basic needs were met, expanding the coverage of subsistence allowances to all those in need. We introduced the policy on extending the scope of social assistance, promptly increased social security assistance and benefit payments in step with price increases, and stepped up assistance to people who fell into poverty due to Covid-19 and to uninsured workers who had lost their jobs, making sure that assistance could reach all those in need. Subsistence allowances were extended and basic assistance to persons living in extreme poverty was provided to approximately six million people affected by the epidemic, and more than eight million applications for temporary assistance were approved. We pushed forward with the renovation of old urban residential communities nationwide, and began the renovation of 40,300 communities, involving 7.36 million households. We consistently improved the housing support system, and began renovations on 2.09 million units of housing in run-down urban areas. We continued to develop the housing rental market in medium and large cities, and worked to help disadvantaged urban residents solve their housing problems. We took effective and orderly steps to prevent floods and provide disaster rescue and relief.
������������
 ������ᱣ����ϵ��һ�����ơ��μӳ���ְ���������ϱ��պͳ������������ϱ���������9.99���ˡ���ҵְ���������ϱ��ջ����������������3.5%��ߵ�4.0%��ʵ��ʡ��ͳ��ͳ֧��������Ա�������Ͻ��Ȳ���ߡ�ְ������ҽ�Ʊ��ա�����������ҽ�Ʊ��պʹ󲡱����ƶȸ������ƣ�ҽ����ƶ��Ч������ҽ��ҩƷĿ¼��̬���������ƽ���ͨ�����˱���Ϊ185����ְ�������������ṩ�������ϡ�ʧҵ���ձ��Ϸ�Χ��һ�����󣬽׶���ʵʩʧҵ�����ʽ����ߡ��׶�������ʧҵũ�񹤱��Ϸ�Χ��ȫ�깲��1337������ȡ����ͬ��Ŀ��ʧҵ���ա�ȫ����608����ҵ����ʧҵ�����ȸڷ���1042��Ԫ���ݼ�ְ��1.56���ˡ���ǿ����Ⱥ�ڶ��ױ��ϣ��ʶ�����ͱ����Ƿ�Χ��������Ӧ������������̨��������Χ�����ߣ���ʱ�����������ͱ��ϱ�׼��������ǹҹ��������ƣ�������������δ�α�ʧҵ��Ա�Ӵ���������ʵ�֡�Ӧ�Ⱦ��ȡ���������������ͱ�������������600���ˣ�ʵʩ��ʱ��������800���˴Ρ������Ͼ�С������ȫ���ƽ����ѿ�����������Ͼ�С��4.03������漰����736�򻧡������԰��ӹ��̽�������ƽ����ﻧ�������¿���209���ף����г��й��ⷿ������չ����������Ⱥ��ס�����ϲ��ϼ�ǿ�������������÷�Ѵ���վ�Ԯ������
������������

Dear visitor, as a premium member of this database, you will get complete access to all content.Please go premium and get more.

1. To become a premium member, please call 400-810-8266 Ext. 171.

2. Binding to the account with access to this database.

3. Apply for a trial account.

4. To get instant access to a document, you can Pay Amount ����3800.00�� for your single purchase.
 
���ã�������Ҫ������DZ��󷨱�Ӣ�Ŀ��Աר����
����������Ӣ���û���ֱ�� ��¼�������Աר����ѯ������Ҫ����Ϣ���������������� ��Ӣ���û�������ͨ������֧�����е�ƪ����֧���ɹ��󼴿������鿴��ƪ���ݡ�
Tel: +86 (10) 82689699, +86 (10) 82668266 ext. 153
Mobile: +86 13311570713
Fax: +86 (10) 82668268
E-mail:info@chinalawinfo.com
     
     
Scan QR Code and Read on Mobile
��������֤�롿        ���󷨱�en.pkulaw.cn
Message: Please kindly comment on the present translation.
Confirmation Code:
Click image to reset code
 
  Translations are by lawinfochina.com, and we retain exclusive copyright over content found on our website except for content we publish as authorized by respective copyright owners or content that is publicly available from government sources.

Due to differences in language, legal systems, and culture, English translations of Chinese law are for reference purposes only. Please use the official Chinese-language versions as the final authority. Lawinfochina.com and its staff will not be directly or indirectly liable for use of materials found on this website.

We welcome your comments and suggestions, which assist us in continuing to improve the quality of our materials as we dynamically expand content.
 
Home | About us | Disclaimer | Chinese