Bengali language
Indo-Aryan language in Bengal region / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Bengali,[lower-alpha 1] also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা, Bāṅlā, [ˈbaŋla] ⓘ), is an Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia. With Over 250 million native speakers[7] and another 41 million as second language speakers as of 2024,[1] Bengali is the sixth most spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by the total number of speakers in the world.[8][9] It is the fifth most spoken Indo-European language.[10]
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| Bengali | |
|---|---|
| Bangla | |
| বাংলা | |
 The word "Bangla" in the Bengali script | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈbaŋla] ⓘ |
| Native to | Bangladesh and India |
| Region | |
| Ethnicity | Bengalis |
| Speakers | L1: 240 million (2011–2021)[1][2] L2: 41 million (2011–2021)[1] |
Early forms | Magadhi Prakrit
|
| Dialects |
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| Official status | |
Official language in |
|
| Regulated by |
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| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | bn |
| ISO 639-2 | ben |
| ISO 639-3 | ben |
| Glottolog | beng1280 |
 Geographical distribution of the Bengali language. Darker shades imply a greater percentage of native speakers. | |
 Bengalophone diaspora worldwide.
National and official language with majority native speakers
Official language with large number of native speakers
Large diaspora (more than 100,000)
Smaller diaspora (more than 10,000) | |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
Bengali is the official, national, and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh,[11][12][13] with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language.[14][15] It is the second-most widely spoken language in India. It is the official language of the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam. It is also the second official language of the Indian state of Jharkhand since September 2011.[3] It is the most widely spoken language in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal,[16] and is spoken by significant populations in other states including Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha and Uttarakhand.[17] Bengali is also spoken by the Bengali diasporas (Bangladeshi diaspora and Indian Bengalis) in Europe, the United States, the Middle East and other countries.[18]
Bengali is the fourth fastest growing language in India, following Hindi in the first place, Kashmiri in the second place, and Meitei (Manipuri), along with Gujarati, in the third place, according to the 2011 census of India.[19]
Bengali has developed over more than 1,300 years. Bengali literature, with its millennium-old literary history, was extensively developed during the Bengali Renaissance and is one of the most prolific and diverse literary traditions in Asia. The Bengali language movement from 1948 to 1956 demanding that Bengali be an official language of Pakistan fostered Bengali nationalism in East Bengal leading to the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971. In 1999, UNESCO recognised 21 February as International Mother Language Day in recognition of the language movement.[20][21]