Mary of Modena
English royal consort / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mary of Modena (Maria Beatrice Eleonora Anna Margherita Isabella d'Este; 05 October [O.S. 25 September] 1658 – 7 May [O.S. 26 April] 1718) was Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland. She was the second wife of King James II. Mary was a very firm Catholic. She married James, Duke of York, (the future James II) in 1673. He was the younger brother of Charles II.[1][2] Mary was not interested in politics. Instead, she was devoted to James, and gave birth to two children who lived to become adults. They were Louise Mary and the Jacobite James Francis Edward Stuart, who became known in history as "The Old Pretender".[3]
| Mary of Modena | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Portrait by Peter Lely, 1673 | |||||
| Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland | |||||
| Tenure | 6 February 1685 – 11 December 1688 | ||||
| Coronation | 23 April 1685 | ||||
| Born | (1658-10-05)5 October 1658 Ducal Palace, Modena | ||||
| Died | 7 May 1718(1718-05-07) (aged 59) Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France | ||||
| Burial | Convent of the Visitations, Chaillot, France | ||||
| Spouse | James II | ||||
| Issue among others | James Francis Edward Stuart Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart | ||||
| |||||
| House | House of Este House of Stuart | ||||
| Father | Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena | ||||
| Mother | Laura Martinozzi | ||||
Mary was born as a princess of the Italian Duchy of Modena. She is mostly remembered for the birth of James Francis Edward. Most of the English people thought he was not really Mary's son. They believed he had been secretly brought into the birth-room in a warming-pan to continue King James II's Catholic rule. The privy council investigation declared that the story was false. However, James Francis Edward's birth was one of the reasons why the Glorious Revolution happened. In the Glorious Revolution, King James II was deposed by his daughter Mary and her husband William III of Orange.
The "Queen over the water"—as Jacobites (followers of James II) called Mary—was exiled to France. She lived with her family in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, which Louis XIV of France had given her. Louis XIV's courtiers liked Mary, but thought James was not interesting. When James died, Mary spent a lot of time with the nuns at the Convent of Chaillot. When James II died in 1701, the Jacobites saw James Francis Edward as king. Because he was too young to rule, Queen Dowager Mary acted as regent until he became 16. Later, "James III" was forced to leave France because of the Treaty of Utrecht. This left Mary without any family in France (Princess Louise Mary had died of smallpox). Mary died of breast cancer in 1718.[4] She was kindly remembered by the people in France at that time.