Ethiopia

Ethiopia (Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ, ʾĪtyōṗṗyā pronunciation (help·info), Afar: Itiyoophiyaa, Ge'ez: ኢትዮጵያ, Oromo: Itiyophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ) is a country in the Horn of Africa. It has one of the longest and most well known histories as a country in Africa and the world. Ethiopia was one of the few countries in Africa that escaped the Scramble for Africa. It avoided being colonized until 1935, when it was invaded by the Italians under Benito Mussolini, who took over the country for a brief time. Ethiopia used to be called Abyssinia. The word "Ethiopia" is from the Greek word Αἰθιοπία (IPA: /ˌaitʰioˈpia/) meaning sun light burned face. It is the most populous landlocked country in the world. It lost its Red Sea ports when Eritrea gained independence in 1993.

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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Name in national languages Ge'ez: ኢትዮጵያ Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ yeʾĪtiyoṗṗiya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk Oromo: Rippabliikii Federaalawaa Dimokraatawaa Itiyoophiyaa Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya Afar: ityoppiah federalih demokrasih ummuno Tigrinya: ናይኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ nayi'ītiyop'iya fēdēralawī dēmokirasīyawī rīpebilīki
Flag Emblem
Anthem:  ወደፊት ገስግሺ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ (English: "March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia")
Capital and largest city	Addis Ababa 9°1′N 38°45′E
Official languages	Afar Amharic Oromo Somali Tigrinya English[1]
Regional languages[2]	Harari Sidama Languages of Ethiopia
Ethnic groups (2016[3])	Oromo 34.9% Amhara 27.9% Tigrayans 7.3% Sidama 4.1% Welayta 3% Gurage 2.8% Somali 2.7% Hadiya 2.2% Afar 0.6% Others 12.6%
Religion	62.8% Christianity —43.5% Ethiopian Orthodoxy —18.6% Pentay (Protestantism) —0.7% Catholicism 33.9% Islam 2.6% Traditional faiths 0.7% Others / None[4]
Demonym(s)	Ethiopian
Government	Ethnofederalist[5] parliamentary constitutional republic
• President	Sahle-Work Zewde
• Prime Minister	Abiy Ahmed
• Deputy Prime Minister	Demeke Mekonnen
• Speaker of the House of Peoples' Representatives	Tagesse Chafo
• Supreme Court Chief	Meaza Ashenafi
Legislature	Federal Parliamentary Assembly
• Upper house	House of Federation
• Lower house	House of Peoples' Representatives
Formation of Ethiopia Predecessor States Dʿmt Sultanate of Aussa Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea Kingdom of Aksum Zagwe dynasty Medri Bahri Land of Punt Ethiopian Empire Kingdom of Shewa Sultanate of Showa Kingdom of Tankish Sharkha Kingdom of Qita'a Kingdom of Nagash Kingdom of Jarin Sultanate of Dawaro Kingdom of Bazin Template:Medieval Horn of Africa Sultanate of Dahlak Kingdom of Belgin Sultanate of Bale Sultanate of Arababni Sultanate of Ifat Sultanate of Harar Ajuran Sultanate Adal Sultanate Kingdom of Garo Kingdom of Kaffa Kingdom of Janjero Adulis
• Dʿmt	c. 980 BCE
• Kingdom of Aksum	c. 100 CE
• Zagwe Dynasty	900
• Ethiopian Empire	1137
• Occupied & Annexed into Italian East Africa	1936
• Sovereignty restored	1941
• Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia	1974
• People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	1987
• Secession of Eritrea	1993
• Current constitution	August 21, 1995
Area
• Total	1,104,300[6] km2 (426,400 sq mi) (28th)
• Water (%)	0.7
Population
• 2021 estimate	120,283,026[7][8] (13th)
• 2007 census	73,750,932[9]
• Density	92.7/km2 (240.1/sq mi) (123rd)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$272 billion[10] (58th)
• Per capita	$2,772[10]
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$96 billion[10] (61st)
• Per capita	$974[10]
Gini (2011)	33.6[11] medium
HDI (2019)	0.485[12] low · 173rd
Currency	Birr (ETB)
Time zone	UTC+3 (EAT)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+251
ISO 3166 code	ET
Internet TLD	.et

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