Devil’s claw is one of the best herbs for pain management and inflammation reduction. With thousands of years of historical usage and 70 years of clinical research, devil’s claw is a noteworthy botanical.
In this article, we will look at the benefits, dosage, and safety of devil’s claw.
Table of Contents
Benefits of Devil’s Claw
Below are the top researched-backed devil’s claw benefits for health.
1. May Reduce Pain
Clinical studies indicate that devil claw may be one of the best herbs for reducing pain.
A variety of human clinical trials have been conducted that have looked at the pain-dampening benefits of devil’s claw. This research can be broken up into the 3 broad categories of low back, arthritis, and general musculoskeletal pain.
A. Low Back Pain
A trial was conducted in 2001 with 130 individuals suffering from 6+ months of chronic low back pain. They took a dose of 960mg of devil’s claw daily. After 8 weeks, the majority of the individuals noted a significant reduction in pain (as recorded on a pain index). The researchers also noted that devil’s claw is well tolerated, with no major adverse events or interactions listed.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 118 patients with radiating low back pain showed that devil’s claw works to reduce overall pain scores. It should be noted that the dosage of devil’s claw was quite large, with a dose of 4500mg/day (standardized to contain 50mg harpagosides). The devil’s claw was well tolerated by the trial participants from a safety standpoint.
In 2002, a comparative study with 102 patients showed that 4500mg of devil’s claw had similar efficacy as a standard NSAID protocol when it came to reducing low back pain. Another comparative study in 2003 showed that devil’s claw had similar benefits as Vioxx®, a COX-2 inhibiting drug (also known as rofecoxib). It was noted in both of these studies that devil’s claw had a safety profile similar to, if not better than, the drug therapies.
B. Arthritis (hip and knee) Pain
Various studies have shown that devil’s claw can be beneficial for individuals struggling with arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.
One study showed that devil’s claw helped to decrease pain and increase mobility in patients with articular arthritis.
Another study showed that devil’s claw extract was able to help individuals suffering from arthritis reduce their dependence on ibuprofen. This is due to the fact that devil’s claw has pain-dampening benefits that are similar to ibuprofen.
A comparative study found that devil’s claw had similar pain benefits as phenylbutazone (known as “bute”), a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat short-term pain.
Another comparative study found that devil’s claw had similar benefits as diacerein (a slow-acting analgesic/cartilage protective drug). It was noted that the devil’s claw recipients used significantly less rescue medication, in the form of NSAIDs and analgesic drugs than their diacerein counterparts. In terms of safety, a significantly greater number of adverse events were reported in the diacerein group than in the devil’s claw group.
C. General Musculoskeletal Pain
In addition to helping with pain in the low back, knees, and hips, devil’s claw also has benefits for general pain and inflammation throughout the body.
A large open trial comprising 630 patients with general aches and pains was performed. Following 6 months of treatment with a devil’s claw preparation (3000–9000mg/day aqueous dry extract containing 2.5% iridoid glycosides), 42% to 85% of patients experienced significant alleviation in pain and other complaints, particularly those suffering from arthritis of the large joints or spinal column. Mild GI disturbances were the only side effect reported at the highest dose administered.
Summary:
Many studies have shown that devil’s claw may help with managing pain associated with the low back, arthritis, and the general musculoskeleton.
2. May Reduces Inflammation and Arthritis
A variety of trials have shown that devil’s claw helps to reduce the pain and inflammatory effects of osteoarthritis.
In vitro studies have shown that devil’s claw possesses the ability to inhibit inflammatory cytokines. devil’s claw has also been shown to reduce arachidonic acid metabolism, which leads to COX-2 inhibition, thus reducing inflammation.
An open trial with a subject size of 250 patients; 104 with low back pain; 85 with osteoarthritic knee pain; and 61 with hip pain demonstrated significant efficacious results following 8 weeks of treatment with a proprietary Hp preparation (Doloteffin® providing 60mg harpagosides/day). In all groups, both generic and disease-specific outcome measures improved by week 4 and further by week 8. Benefits were greater in patients with hip arthrosis, followed by those with knee arthrosis, with the least amount of relief experienced by those suffering from back pain.
Summary:
Research shows that devil’s claw may help reduce inflammation and arthritis.
3. May Increase Mobility
Significant improvements in symptoms, mobility, and morning stiffness were also experienced by 43 subjects with OA and RA who had been given a daily dose of 750 mg powdered secondary Hp roots for 30 days. No adverse events were reported by any of the participants.
Devil’s claw has also been shown to increase mobility in patients with articular arthritis.
Summary:
Devil’s claw may increase mobility. More clinical research is required to confirm this finding.
4. May Improve Osteoporosis
Although human clinical trials are needed to confirm these experimental findings, in vitro and in vivo research show that the harpagide and harpagoside can help to reduce bone loss, especially bone loss in postmenopausal women, and in inflammation-induced bone loss.
Summary:
Research shows that devil’s claw may reduce bone loss, however, more human trials are needed for verification.
5. May Benefit Symptoms of IBS
Due to the anti-inflammatory effects of devil’s claw, it has been used in a variety of different inflammation-based disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome. IBS is characterized by abnormal bowel movements combined with abdominal pain, approximately ~9% of the world population suffers from this disorder.
An animal study found that devil’s claw is effective in blunting multiple inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, including prostanoid, cytokine, and serotonin colon levels, thus supporting potential applications of the extract in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Summary:
Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, devil’s claw may help treat irritable bowl syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings.
6. May Benefit Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Devil’s claw has been traditionally known to be effective in managing diabetes. The exact mechanism of action isn’t understood yet, but it’s thought that harpagoside might control inflammatory signs related to diabetes. Additional research needs to be conducted to verify this action.
Summary:
Devil’s claw may be helpful in managing Type 1 Diabetes. More human trials are required for confirmation.
7. Antioxidant Properties
An animal study found that devil’s claw has a neuroprotective effect on mice exposed to arsenic. It appears that devil’s claw works to reduce oxidative stress. It’s thought that harpagoside content is what gives devil’s claw this antioxidant ability.
As with all animal studies, more research needs to be conducted in this area.
Summary:
Devil’s claw may reduce oxidative stress, which may give it antioxidant properties. Additional human trials are needed to confirm this finding.
Constituents:
The active phytochemicals in devil’s claw are thought to be the iridoid glycosides found in the secondary root tubers. Specifically, harpagoside, procumbide, harpagide, and 8-para-coumaroyl-harpagide are the glycosides that are most sought after.
Oftentimes you will find devil’s claw extracts standardized to contain 1-5% harpagoside, which is ideal.
Devils Claw Dosing:
Devil’s claw is generally well tolerated, as individuals have taken up to 6 grams per day without side effects.
•3-6 grams per day of the whole herb
•6-12ml of a 1:2 tincture daily (or 15-30ml of a 1:5 tincture)
•600-1200mg daily of powdered extract (5:1 extract)
It’s noted that a lower dose can be taken for those with gastrointestinal complaints.
How to Use Devil’s Claw:
Utilizing devil’s claw effectively and safely requires understanding the various forms it comes in and the recommended dosages. Here’s a detailed guide on how to use this powerful herbal remedy:
Forms of Devil’s Claw
- Capsules and Tablets: These are the most common forms of devil’s claw available on the market. They offer a convenient and precise dosage method, ideal for those seeking consistent strength and effects.
- Tinctures: Liquid extracts of devil’s claw can be added to water or tea. Tinctures allow for more personalized dosage adjustments and faster absorption into the body.
- Teas: Devil’s claw root can be used to brew herbal tea. While this method offers a more traditional and holistic experience, it may be harder to ensure a consistent dose.
- Topical Creams: For localized pain relief, such as joint pain or muscle aches, devil’s claw is also available in creams and ointments to be applied externally.
Purchasing Tips
- Quality Matters: Look for products that specify the content of harpagoside, the active ingredient in devil’s claw, to ensure potency.
- Certification and Origin: Opt for supplements certified by reputable organizations and those that provide clear information about the origin of the herb to guarantee authenticity and safety.
- Avoid Additives: Choose devil’s claw products with minimal to no added artificial ingredients or fillers to reduce the risk of unwanted side effects.
Important Considerations
- Starting with a lower dose and gradually increasing it allows you to gauge your body’s response to devil’s claw.
- Consistency is key when using devil’s claw for chronic conditions like arthritis; benefits may take several weeks to become noticeable.
- Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting devil’s claw, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have a pre-existing medical condition, or are currently taking medication. This ensures that the supplement won’t interfere with other treatments or conditions.
By following these guidelines, individuals can safely incorporate devil’s claw into their wellness routine, potentially reaping its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving benefits.
Devil’s Claw Safety:
Devil’s claw is generally regarded as safe for most people. Below are the specifics:
Safety Class: 1
Interaction Class: A
Pregnancy and Lactation:
In South Africa, devil’s claw had been used traditionally for pain relief during pregnancy (250mg, three times daily). A reduced dose is used during the postpartum period. In vitro studies have shown that devil’s claw can cause contractions of the uterus, which supports traditional use for labor inducement and/or placenta expulsion.
There is no information about the safety of devil’s claw during lactation. However, it’s noted that no adverse effects are expected.
Drug and Supplement Interaction(s):
The Commission E advises that patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers (gallstones) consult with their doctor.
History:
Devil’s claw, also known as “grapple plant”, is a perennial in the Pedaliaceae family (the sesame family). Its scientific name is Harpagophytum procumbens, derived from the Greek word ‘harpago’ which means “grappling hook”. This makes sense when you look at the claw-like shape of the plant.
Devil’s claw is native to South Africa. It has been used for thousands of years by the Khoisan people of the Kalahari Desert as a remedy and analgesic for ailments such as pregnancy complications and skin disorders.
Devil’s claw is rich in a variety of different chemical constituents, including iridoid glycosides, which are thought to be the main active anti-inflammatory compound. We’ll dig into these later on.
Conclusion:
Devil’s Claw is a fantastic natural supplement for those struggling with pain and inflammation. When it comes to natural alternatives to NSAIDs, devil’s claw is at the top of the list.
When you buy a devil’s claw product, make sure that it’s high quality. A standardized extract is recommended.
And, as always, consult your doctor before making any changes to your diet or adding a new supplement.
Grant, L., McBean, D. E., Fyfe, L., & Warnock, A. M. (2007). A review of the biological and potential therapeutic actions of Harpagophytum procumbens. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 21(3), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2029
Laudahn, D., & Walper, A. (2001). Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum extract LI 174 in patients with chronic non-radicular back pain. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 15(7), 621–624. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.898
Chrubasik, S., Zimpfer, C., Schütt, U., & Ziegler, R. (1996). Effectiveness of Harpagophytum procumbens in treatment of acute low back pain. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(96)80003-1
Chrubasik, S., Thanner, J., Künzel, O., Conradt, C., Black, A., & Pollak, S. (2002). Comparison of outcome measures during treatment with the proprietary Harpagophytum extract doloteffin in patients with pain in the lower back, knee or hip. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 9(3), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00140
Lecomte A, Costa JP. Harpagophytum dans l'arthrose: Etudes en double insu contre placebo. 37°2 Le Magazine. 1992;15:27–30.
Frerick H., Biller A., Schmidt U. (2001) Hip osteoarthritis: double blind study with devil claw [in German]. Der Kassenarzt 5: 34–41
Schruffer H. Salus teufelskralle-tabletten. Die Medizinische. 1980. pp. 22–25.
Chantre P, Cappelaere A, Leblan D, Geudon D, Vandermander J, Fournie B. 2000. Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum procumbens versus diacerhein in treatment of osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine 7: 177–183.
Belaiche P. 1982. Étude clinique de 630 cas d’arthrose traités par le nébulisat aqueux d’Harpagophytum procumbens (Radix). Phytotherapy 1: 22–28
Chrubasik S, Thanner J, Kunzel O, Conradt C, Black A, Pollak S. 2002. Comparison of outcome measures during treatment with the proprietary Harpagophytum extract Doloteffin in patients with pain in the lower back, knee or hip. Phytomedicine 9: 181–194.
Pinget M, Lecomte A. 1997. Die Wirkung der ‘Harpagophytum Arkocaps’
Mills, S., Bone, K. (2000). Principles and practice of phytotherapy. Churchill Livingstone Press.
Gardner, Z., McGuffin, M. (2013). The botanical safety handbook [2nd edition]. American Herbal Products Association.
Peruru, R., Usha Rani, R., Thatiparthi, J., Sampathi, S., Dodoala, S., & Prasad, K. (2020). Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) ameliorates the neurobehavioral changes and neurotoxicity in female rats exposed to arsenic. Heliyon, 6(5), e03921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03921
Peruru, R., Usha Rani, R., Thatiparthi, J., Sampathi, S., Dodoala, S., & Prasad, K. (2020). Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) ameliorates the neurobehavioral changes and neurotoxicity in female rats exposed to arsenic. Heliyon, 6(5), e03921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03921
Ghasemian, M., Owlia, S., & Owlia, M. B. (2016). Review of Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Medicines. Advances in pharmacological sciences, 2016, 9130979. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9130979
Menghini, L., Recinella, L., Leone, S., Chiavaroli, A., Cicala, C., Brunetti, L., Vladimir-Knežević, S., Orlando, G., & Ferrante, C. (2019). Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) and chronic inflammatory diseases: A concise overview on preclinical and clinical data. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 33(9), 2152–2162. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6395
Saha L. (2014). Irritable bowel syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and evidence-based medicine. World journal of gastroenterology, 20(22), 6759–6773. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6759
Locatelli, M., Ferrante, C., Carradori, S., Secci, D., Leporini, L., Chiavaroli, A., … Menghini, L. (2017). Optimization of Aqueous Extraction and Biological Activity of Harpagophytum procumbens Root on Ex Vivo Rat Colon Inflammatory Model. Phytotherapy Research, 31(6), 937–944. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5821
DiMeglio, L. A., Evans-Molina, C., & Oram, R. A. (2018). Type 1 diabetes. Lancet (London, England), 391(10138), 2449–2462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31320-5
Van Wyk, B., & Gericke, N. (2000). People's plants. A Guide to Useful Plants of Southern Africa: Briza Publications, Pretoria
Menghini, L., Recinella, L., Leone, S., Chiavaroli, A., Cicala, C., Brunetti, L., … Ferrante, C. (2019). Devil’s claw ( Harpagophytum procumbens ) and chronic inflammatory diseases: A concise overview on preclinical and clinical data. Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.6395
Chrubasik, S., Model, A., Black, A., & Pollak, S. (2003). A randomized double-blind pilot study comparing Doloteffin and Vioxx in the treatment of low back pain. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 42(1), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keg053
