As a Digital Nomad, I have the opportunity to explore various cities around the world and learn about their rich history and cultural significance. One city that has always fascinated me is Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta. Kolkata has a captivating past, and its old name holds a deep meaning rooted in the Bengali language and culture.
The city’s former name, Calcutta, is an Anglicized version of the Bengali name Kalikata. Some scholars believe that Kalikata is derived from the Bengali word Kalikshetra, which means “Ground of (the goddess) Kali.” Others suggest that the name originated from the location of the city’s original settlement on the bank of a canal (khal).
Kolkata was always called Kolkata in Bengali, derived from the name of one of the three villages that became the modern city of Kolkata. However, during the period of British colonial rule, the British referred to it as Calcutta. This anglicized version of the name remained the official name until 2001 when it was changed to Kolkata to match Bengali pronunciation.
The three villages that merged to form Kolkata were Sutanuti, Kalikata, and Gobindapur. In 1698, the British trading company bought these villages from the local landlord and began trading and establishing industrial plants in the area. Over time, these villages grew into a bustling city that played a crucial role in India’s history.
During the Mughal Empire, the city was referred to as Kalikata in historical records. The name had been mentioned in the rent-roll of the Great Mughal emperor Akbar and also in Manasa-Mangal, an epic poem. To explore the history of Kolkata, we have to go back to the 17th century.
The origin of the name Kolkata has an intriguing story attributed to Job Charnock, an agent of the East India Company. When Charnock asked a farmer about the name of the area around the Hooghly River, the farmer referred to it as “kil-kila,” meaning a “flat area” in Bengali. This name eventually evolved into Kolkata and became synonymous with the city.
Today, Kolkata is known as one of the metro cities of India, with a rich cultural heritage and vibrant arts scene. It is renowned for its literature, arts, and intellectual contributions to the country. The city has produced numerous renowned personalities in various fields.
Kolkata’s history as the capital of India during British rule adds to its significance. From 1772 until Indian independence in 1947, Calcutta served as the capital, symbolizing the British colonial power. However, with the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, the city lost its political significance but continued to thrive as a cultural hub.
In recent years, Kolkata has undergone significant changes and development. The city has adapted to modernization while preserving its historical landmarks and traditions. This blend of the old and the new makes Kolkata a captivating destination for travelers and a city worth exploring.
Frequently Asked Questions:
1. What is the significance of Kolkata’s former name, Calcutta?
Calcutta is an Anglicized version of the Bengali name Kalikata, derived from the word Kalikshetra, meaning “Ground of (the goddess) Kali.” The name holds cultural and historical significance in the region.
2. Why was Kolkata’s name changed from Calcutta?
The name change from Calcutta to Kolkata in 2001 was aimed at matching the Bengali pronunciation of the city’s name. It was a way to honor the local language and culture.
3. What were the three villages that merged to form Kolkata?
The three villages were Sutanuti, Kalikata, and Gobindapur. These villages were bought by the British East India Company from the local landlord in 1698 and eventually grew into the city of Kolkata.
4. What is the historical importance of Kolkata during the Mughal Empire?
Although the name Kalikata had been mentioned in the rent-roll of the Mughal emperor Akbar and in historical poems, Kolkata’s historical significance during the Mughal Empire is still being explored by historians.
5. Who named Kolkata?
The name Kolkata is believed to have originated when Job Charnock, an agent of the East India Company, asked a farmer about the name of the area. The farmer referred to it as “kil-kila,” which eventually evolved into Kolkata.
6. Was Kolkata ever the capital of India?
Yes, Kolkata served as the capital of India during British rule from 1772 until the transfer of the capital to Delhi in 1911.
7. What is Kolkata known for?
Kolkata is renowned for its literature, arts, and intellectual contributions to India’s cultural heritage. The city has produced numerous renowned personalities in various fields.
8. How has Kolkata changed over the years?
Kolkata has undergone significant changes and development while preserving its historical landmarks and traditions. The city has embraced modernization while still maintaining its cultural and historical identity.