字神帝國英語天地

童鞋們，快來上英聽課了哦~~

今日主題：伊波拉病毒的爆發 The Ebola outbreak
凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/146.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Hello I’m Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m joined today by Feifei. Hello Feifei.
大家好，我是Rob，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語節目。今天我的搭檔是Feifei，你好Feifei。
Hello, Rob.
你好，Rob。
Today we’re talking about quite a controversial subject: the use of experimental drugs to treat disease. And, as always, you’ll learn some vocabulary – so you can talk about the topic too.
今天我們要討論的是一個頗具爭議的話題：使用實驗性的藥物來治療疾病。同時，和往常一樣，大家也會學到一些新單詞。然後大家就可以討論這個話題了。
Experimental drugs are medicines which are still being tested – they haven’t yet been officially approved. And experimental drugs are a very hot topic with the recent cases of Ebola in West Africa.
實驗性藥物就是那些還在實驗中進行檢測的藥物——它們還未通過官方的批准。尤其在最近西非發生的伊波拉病毒事件中，關於實驗性藥物的討論更是甚囂塵上。
Ebola is caused by a virus for which there is no cure yet, and the mortality rate is high. The mortality rate is the proportion of people in a particular group who actually die of the disease.
伊波拉病毒目前還沒有有效的療法，死亡率非常高。死亡率是一些患有該種疾病的人之中死亡的人數所占的比例。
Hundreds of people have been infected in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone and over half have died.
在幾內亞，上百人受到了感染。在利比亞和獅子山，有超過一半受感染的人死亡。
So – the World Health Organisation decided to allow the use of experimental drugs on people with the virus.
因此，世界衛生組織決定批准使用實驗性藥物來治療患者。
This is something very risky. The drug might cause unexpected changes in the body and make the patient worse. These are what we call side effects.
這是一個風險很大的決定。這些藥物會對患者的身體產生無法預計的影響，甚至還有可能讓病情加重。這就是我們常說的副作用。
But before we talk any more about experimental drugs, let’s go for our usual question. So Feifei, how much do you know about the Ebola virus?
在我們繼續更深入瞭解實驗性藥物之前，讓我們先提出今天的問題。Feifei，你對伊波拉病的的瞭解有多少呢？
I’m afraid I don’t know very much, but I have been following it on the news.
恐怕不太多，但是我一直在關注新聞。
OK. Well, maybe you’ll have to have a guess on this question. The virus Ebola got its name after a river in the northern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. But when was it discovered? Was it in: a) 1966 b) 1976 or c) 1986
好的，那你可以猜猜這個問題的答案會是什麼。伊波拉病毒得名於剛果共和國北部的一條河。你知道這種病毒是在什麼時候被發現的嗎？a) 1966 b) 1976 c) 1986
Well, I’m not really sure but I’m gonna go with answer (b) 1976.
好吧，我不太確定，那我就選(b) 1976吧。
Well, we’ll have the answer at the end of the programme.
好的，讓我們在節目的最後來揭曉答案。
Now, let’s get back to our topic – experimental drugs. The World Health Organisation (the WHO) announced they would allow the use of these drugs on humans, but… only under certain conditions.
現在讓我們回到剛才的話題——實驗性藥物。世界衛生組織（WHO）宣佈允許給人體使用實驗性藥物，但是……只能在特定的情況下。
What are the conditions?
條件是什麼呢？
Well, with the answer is Dr Marie-Paule Kieny, who works for the WHO. Which word does she use to mean the patient gives permission for the drug to be used?
下面讓Marie-Paule Kieny博士來告訴我們答案，她是WHO的一名工作人員。她用了哪個單詞來形容病人允許使用這些藥物的呢？
Transparency about all aspects of care, informed consent, freedom of choice, confidentiality, respect for person and preservation of dignity, and with the involvement of the community.
透明要體現在各個方面之中，如護理、知情同意、自由選擇、保密、尊重以及維護尊嚴、還需要社會的參與。
The word for permission was ’consent’. And ’informed consent’ was one of the conditions.
表示允許的單詞是“准許、統一”。“知情同意”就是條件之一。
Informed consent’ means permission given by the patient after they’ve been told of the risks of using the drug.
知情同意指的是當病人得知這些藥物的風險性之後，他們還想要使用這些藥物。
I wonder what would happen if it didn’t work or if the patient had a bad reaction – might they sue the doctor?
我想知道，假如那些藥沒有效果又或者患者有不良反應的話——他們會起訴醫生嗎？
That’s a very interesting point. The Health Minister of Liberia, Walter Gwenigale, has already said that people won’t be allowed to sue if the drug doesn’t work or if it makes them worse. Listen to what he says now and see if you can identify the word he uses to mean being ’legally responsible’ for something.
這一點很有意思。賴比瑞亞衛生部長Walter Gwenigale，已經說到這個問題了，他說如果那些藥沒有效果或者使他們病情加重的話，人們不可以起訴醫生。下面讓我們來聽一下他是怎麼說的，這樣你就會知道他用了哪個單詞來形容對某事“負有法律責任”了。
We are not just going to take them and start using them. It’s an experimental drug so people have to sign a waiver and ask us to give it to them. Because it’s not just like a drug that is for general use. If you want us to try the drug on you, you have to say that we are not liable for anything that happens to you as a consequence of receiving the drug.
我們不是隨便的就開始使用這些藥物。在使用實驗性藥物之前，人們要先簽署一份棄權聲明書，然後再來向我們索要這些藥物。因為這些藥物不同於一般常用的藥品。如果你想在自己身上使用它們，你就要先聲明我們對發生的一切都不負有責任。
He’s very direct: neither the government nor the doctors are liable – that’s the word which means legally responsible - if something bad happens to you.
他說的可真直接啊：政府和醫生都不負有責任——他用了這個單詞來形容負有法律責任——如果你身上發生了什麼壞事的話。
And that’s why if you are infected with the virus you have to sign a waiver.
所以這就是為什麼如果感染了這種病毒就一定要簽一份棄權聲明書。
A waiver. This is a formal document in which the person says they’ve given up a right or claim – in this case, the right to take others to court.
棄權聲明書。這是一種正式的檔，作用在於證明某人放棄了某項權利或者要求——在這個例子當中，人們放棄的是起訴別人的權利。
Yes. That’s right.
是的，沒錯。
So - people who are infected with Ebola can talk to a doctor, sign this document, this waiver, and get the medicine…
所以那些感染了伊波拉病毒的人們可以去找醫生，簽署棄權聲明書，然後拿到實驗性藥物……
Well, not exactly – because not everyone gets it.
是的，不過也不全對——因為並不是每個人都可以拿到那些藥物。
And why is that?
為什麼呢？
It’s still experimental – and not much of it has been produced so there might not be enough for all who need it.So do you give it to the sickest who are likely to die, or to those not so sick who might recover with the help of the drug? It’s a big dilemma. A dilemma is a situation in which a choice has to be made between different things and one is not much better than the other.
因為這些藥物還在實驗當中——產量不大，所以可能無法供應所有的人。那麼，你們會把這些藥物給那些病情非常嚴重瀕臨死亡的人，還是給那些不是很嚴重，很有 可能服藥之後有所好轉的人呢？這可是個進退兩難的選擇。進退兩難的境地就是人們需要在兩件不同的事物之間做決定，而這兩件事物之間的差別又不是太大。
Quite a dilemma, indeed.
確實很難選擇啊。
Now, let’s get back to our quiz. I asked when the Ebola virus was discovered. Was it in 1966, 1976 or 1986?
好的，那現在讓我們回到那個問題上來吧。我問你的是伊波拉病毒被發現的時間是在什麼時候。是1966、1976還是1986？
And I said 1976.
我猜的是1976.
You were indeed right. It was discovered in 1976. Interestingly we don’t really know which animal carries the Ebola virus, although bats have long been suspected and this makes prevention and controlling Ebola quite difficult. Okay. Well, we’re almost at the end of the programme so let’s recall some of the words that we’ve used today.
你還真猜對了。伊波拉病毒在1976年被發現。有意思的是我們至今還不知道到底是哪種動物攜帶的伊波拉病毒，雖然蝙蝠一直是人們懷疑的物件，但是這種不確定性還是讓伊波拉病毒的防治和控制變得異常困難。今天的節目也要接近尾聲啦，那讓我們再來回顧一下今天學到的單詞吧。
We heard: experimental drug mortality rate side effects consent waiver liable dilemma
我們今天聽到的單詞有:實驗性藥物死亡率副作用准許、同意棄權聲明書負有責任的進退兩難
Thanks Feifei. Well that’s it for this programme. Please join us again soon for 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
謝謝Feifei。好的，我們今天的節目也要結束了。希望大家下次繼續收聽我們的六分鐘英語節目。
Bye.
再見。