NPG D37640; Elizabeth Wellesley (née Hay), Duchess of Wellington - Portrait - National Portrait Gallery

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Elizabeth Wellesley (née Hay), Duchess of Wellington

© National Portrait Gallery, London

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Elizabeth Wellesley (née Hay), Duchess of Wellington

by Francis Holl, published by John Mitchell, after James Rannie Swinton
stipple engraving, published 25 April 1859
20 1/8 in. x 14 5/8 in. (511 mm x 372 mm) paper size
Acquired, 1956
Reference Collection
NPG D37640

Sitterback to top

Artistsback to top

  • Francis Holl (1815-1884), Engraver. Artist or producer associated with 100 portraits, Sitter in 1 portrait.
  • John Mitchell (active 1832-died 1889), Publisher. Artist or producer associated with 205 portraits.
  • James Rannie Swinton (1816-1888), Portrait painter. Artist or producer associated with 62 portraits.

Placesback to top

Subjects & Themesback to top

Events of 1859back to top

Current affairs

Formation of the first Liberal cabinet, following the dissolution of Parliament in light of the Liberal and opposition member Lord Russell's introduction of a resolution arguing for widening the franchise, carried because the Conservatives, the ruling party, only have a minority. Palmerston holds a meeting of Whigs, Peelites and Radicals, from which the Liberal Party is formed, and the Queen later invites him to become Prime Minister.

Art and science

Charles Darwin's The Origin of the Species is published, in which he sets out his theory of evolution based on the process of natural selection, species mutation, and survival of the fittest.
The engineer Joseph Bazalgette begins work on constructing the London sewerage system, following the 'Big Stink' of the preceding summer. Bazalgette's system, now extended, continues to serve London.

International

Outbreak of war between an alliance of France and Italian nationalists, and Austria. Napoleon III signs an armistice with Austria. However, pressure from Britain, supporting Italian unification to counterweight French and Austrian influence, leads to success for Italian nationalists.
The first oil well is drilled in America, after Edwin Drake's discovery in Titusville, Pennsylvania, transforming a quiet farming region into Oil Creek.

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