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1356 (The Grail Quest Series) Audio CD – January 8, 2013
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MP3 CD Format
- Print length1 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherRecorded Books, Inc. and Blackstone Publishing
- Publication dateJanuary 8, 2013
- ISBN-101664679618
- ISBN-13978-1664679610
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- Publisher : Recorded Books, Inc. and Blackstone Publishing; Unabridged edition (January 8, 2013)
- Language : English
- Audio CD : 1 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1664679618
- ISBN-13 : 978-1664679610
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About the author
Bernard Cornwell was born in London and worked in television until he met his American wife and moved to the US. Denied a work permit, he wrote a novel and has been writing ever since.
A master storyteller with a passion for history, his current bestselling series, THE LAST KINGDOM, is centred around the creation of England. It is also a major TV series on Netflix, with Bernard playing a cameo role in season three. The fourth season is currently being filmed.
He is also the author of THE GRAIL QUEST series, set in the Hundred Years’ War, THE WARLORD chronicles, set in Arthurian Britain, a number of standalone novels, one non-fiction work on Waterloo and the series with which he began, the SHARPE series.
For exciting news, tour and publication details, and exclusive content from Bernard visit www.bernardcornwell.net and like his author page on Facebook/Bernard.Cornwell
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Occasionally it was repeated in the writings but not insufferably. I enjoy Cornwall's dialogue, and could wish it wasn't used so sparingly.
The characters were well done. At times I would wonder at Thomas' lack of concern as he decided to go places that were highly dangerous for Genevieve. At other times, he seemed so clueless. Maybe we might make some of the same decisions he did...but I think not.
Why do I give this 4 stars rather than 5? Because Cornwall has done better work in the Saxon Tales series, The Grail Quest Series and The Sharpe novels. Not every book in every series I cite is better than 1356. But, I don't rate every book in these three series at 5 stars either. It's a good book. You should enjoy the book as you should enjoy almost everything Cornwall has written. Hopefully, you will enjoy it as I did.
With that said, this book, while being as succinctly written as the first three, felt somewhat hurried to me. We return to Thomas of Hookton's exploits, only now he is Sir Thomas and he is still the leader of the Hellequin, only instead of his abilities to fight and lead being put into question, his men have an unshakeable faith and trust in him, exalting him to almost demigod like status. Cornwell's grasp of events is unquestionable, it just seemed to me as the novel went on that he was seeking to end the story; personally I would've liked to have read about Thomas to his final days- with engaging characters, I find it is always thus. I enjoyed the book, don't get me wrong...but to me, it wasn't as good as the previous three. Still a rousing read with an interesting cast of characters, some returning ones that I was glad to see and some that I wasn't - still in all, it is an excellent novel and I highly recommend reading it. I think I gave the original trilogy 5 stars so I'll give this one 4...it isn't by any means terrible, just not up to the standards set by the first three. Your mileage may vary, however.
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This book still has some of the qualities that made Bernard Cornwell's fame. The historical context, the two "Chevauchées" of the Prince of Wales in 1355 and 1356, are largely accurate although there are a couple of problems which I will come back to. The reader gets his usual dose of heavy fighting, with lots of blood and violence - although no sex, because this is something that Cornwell generally does not do in his novels. There is also yet another Quest, but for the sword of St Peter this time. The story also builds up to its climax - the battle of Poitiers - where Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, won a crushing victory and captured Jean II le Bon, the French king. By and large, the book reads well and the story is exciting, even if utterly predictable, but this is where the problems start piling up. At times, it seems like the author got somewhat careless or did not really put his heart into the story he was writing and the historical context in which it was taking place.
Starting with the story telling, I could not refrain from grunting, sighing and being disappointed because, at times, it descends into stereotypes. It reads like an adventure story for teenagers (and English teenagers, specifically), and it is rather implausible and biased.
First, the reader is asked to believe that the Hellequin were prevented to rape and kill the populations by their leader, making them somewhat more "virtuous" in an age when rape, slaughter, looting and burning where not only common practices on all sides, but were also the norm. This would make very exceptional when compared to all the other bands, whether Anglo-Gascon, French or any other "company" of professional soldiers across the whole of Western Europe at the time. This is highly unlikely, implausible, and even goes against whatever historical records we had. Anglo-Gascon war bands build themselves a rather atrocious reputation across France at the time for precisely these behaviours. The French bands were no better, of course, since all professional soldiers very much "lived on the country".
Second, many of the characters in the story tend to be stereotypes. There is the character of Thomas of Hookton himself, who seems to be a blend of several historical characters, but with all "unsympathetic" aspects removed. One seems to be the Bâtard de Mauleon, a Gascon war leader who served the English and was known for his ruthless efficiency, but also for quite a few atrocities. Another seems to be Hugh Calveley, another historical figure and an English soldier who commanded the archers on the English side at Crécy became the captain of one of the Great Companies and was one of the rare ones to die of natural causes at a ripe old age. The point here is that Thomas of Hookton appears both ruthlessly efficient and "nice", an association which was somewhat incompatible, given the troubled times. Some of the other characters are almost caricatures, as other reviewers have also noticed. We have a sadistic priest, a power crazy cardinal, a fat and cruel count and a vain, indecisive and incompetent King, just to mention a few of them. Of course, they are all French. In contrast with this, we have the veteran, gruff and no-nonsense Earl of Salisbury, our hero Thomas, protector and saviour of ladies in distress and even the Prince of Wales recast as a reborn Richard the Lionheart, although with a fondness for gambling and women. Moreover, the only two sympathetic characters - but both flawed - on the French side (a naïve and innocent French knight and a young Scots) both happen to change sides to fight for the English at Poitiers. I could not help finding that all of this was a bit too much, rather implausible and somewhat biased.
Then there is the historical context itself. This is perhaps where I was the most surprised and disappointed, because Bernard Cornwell's research is generally superb and comprehensive. In this book, he has - again - chosen to emphasize the discipline of the English forces and, above all, the lethal efficiency of the longbow archers against the ill-disciplined French. He also tends to oppose the respective leaderships on each side. While basically correct, these oppositions tend to be over-emphasized and sometimes lead to contradictions.
One of these contradictions arises when Chevauchées are mentioned. As Bernard Cornwell states both in the book and in his historical note, these were long-range raids whose purpose were to loot and destroy the enemy's economic resources, leaving him weakened and, ideally, unable to take the field and afford the expenses of future campaigns. This tactic was nothing new. It had been carried out for centuries (think of the so-called "harroying of the North" by William the Conqueror, for instance). Such tactics could be ruthlessly efficient but their aim was certainly not to draw the enemy into a set-piece battle. On the contrary, it was to create as much havoc as possible and retreat to friendly territory before the enemy army could be gathered in sufficient numbers and brought in to cut of the retreat. It was to increase their chances in what were essentially "hit-and-run" tactics on a large scale that the English "Chevauchées" of 1355 and 1356 only included a few thousand mounted men.
Such as strategy of attrition made perfect sense for the English given that the Kingdom of England was both poorer and much less populated than France (England's population at the beginning of the war and before the Great Plague has been estimated at 3 million, about a quarter of that of the Kingdom of France). It also offered the advantage of paying the army on the enemy's resources and of recouping the large costs of fitting out the expeditions. However, they were far from being entirely successful. As the book hints at a couple of time, they did not have siege equipment, which would have slowed them down considerably, and could not afford to get bogged down into besieging well-fortified and well-defended cities or castles. So if the first assault was repulsed, they were likely to retreat, rather than persist and allow the French time enough to gather a large army and close with them.
On the other hand, the French strategy was to gather a large enough army to catch the English invaders, trap them and force them to fight in the most unfavourable conditions possible, and crush them. It took time to gather an army such as it would outnumber the English force. Besides, at a time when there were no permanent royal army, the place of gathering could only be determined once the English raid had already begun. Finally, the English raiding force was at its most vulnerable towards the end of the campaign season, when it would be slowed down by its plunder and would be starting to make its way home. With this in mind, all three of the most crushing English victories (Crécy, Poitiers, and Azincourt) were battles that were won against the odds, when a smaller, tired and hungry English army got trapped and forced to fight a battle after a long campaign season by a larger French army that was pursuing it.
Another element that is somewhat missing from Bernard Cornwell's book is the state of the Kingdom of France and the context of the English "Cheveauchées" in 1355 and 1356. The author's claim that Jean II did not react to the 1355 raid because he was indecisive is somewhat biased and he is telling only part of the story here. The year before, a major rebellion had erupted in Normandy under Charles King of Navarre and Count of Evreux, who had a better claim to the throne of France than the Valois (And whom the English quickly supported). Charles (nicknames the Bad) also had the Constable of France (that is the supreme leader of the French army after the King) murdered. In addition, the King's coffers were empty, which, given the years of warfare and the Great Plague, is not entirely surprising. So, the King had his hand full with a major threat much closer to Paris and had no money to pay for an army for a distant expedition. There was therefore no way he could put a stop to the Prince of Wales' raiding in the South of France before he solved these two more immediate problems.
This is where the differences in respective leadership and legitimacy came in play. Philippe VI de Valois was not a great warrior-king; neither was his son Jean II le Bon. Although, in both cases, their incompetence may have been exaggerated, they did commit what appears, with hindsight, to be huge blunders by attacking the entrenched English army rather than starving it out. This, however, would have been seen as "cowardly" and contrary to chivalry. More to the point, one of the main problems of the Valois Kings was their ability to be obeyed - or their lack of it - by the nobles. Their greatest nobles and captains all tended to believe they knew better than anyone else what needed to be done and the Kings' power and authority, being rather weak, allowed for this. This state of affairs was of course exacerbated by the time of Azincourt, when the French King at the time - Charles VI -had gone mad. This meant poor discipline, a lack of coordination on the French side and even an unwillingness to fight under someone else's orders. The consequences of this could be quite devastating without the English having anything to do about it. At Crécy, the French knight trampled over the King's Genoese mercenary crossbowmen, essentially putting them out of the fight and depriving their side of any chance to counter the English long bows. At Poitiers, a third of the army, under the command of the King's own brother refused to assault the English positions, contrary to orders, and retreating without even fighting.
To conclude, this book, while still good, is not worth more than three stars. In addition to the bibliography mentioned in Bernard Cornwell's historical note, I can recommend two other books, if only to have a more objective view than what the author has come up with:
- One is Barbara Tuchman's "A Distant Mirror", first published in 1978, and the chapter of the battle of Poitiers in particular
- The other one is the last volume of Maurice Druon's "Accursed Kings" series, with is titled "Quant un roi perd la France" (When a king loses France"), first printed in 1977, and which is on Jean II le Bon's reign, and Poitiers in particular. The story is told by the cardinal of Talleyrand-Périgord who tried in vain to prevent the battle. I am not sure whether it has been translated into English (unlike the previous volumes in the series, I could not find it in English on Amazon.co.uk), but it is a rather superb read.