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Terms in this set (116)
Noam Chomsky
Psychologist that specialized in language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition, stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language, humans have an inborn native ability to develop language
Albert Ellis
A Cognitive Psychologist, founder of school of psychology known as Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT). Became one of the first psychologists to specialize in sexual and marital problems. Believes strongly in the individual's power over his or her own life. Looks to expose and confront the dysfunctional thoughts of their clients
Phonemes
the smallest units of sound in a language that are distinctive for speakers of the language, like constants vowels in english, about about 44 different
Morphemes
Smallest meaningful units of speech; simple words, suffixes, prefixes; examples: red, hot, calm, -ed, pre-
syntax
the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
Babbling stage
beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
telegraphic speech
early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words
overgeneralization
applying grammar rules in areas they don't apply ("I writed a story"; goed; comed)
operant conditioning
Theory of Behaviorist BF Skinner, that is one of the way that explains why kids acquire language, , a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
language acquisition device
Chomsky's concept of an innate, prewired mechanism in the brain that allows children to acquire language naturally
nativist theory of language acquisition
-Chomsky
-there is an infinite number of sentences in language, therefore it is impossible for a child to learn purely from imitation
-children learn the rules of language
-humans are equip with a language acquisition device..thus just like birds learn to fly, we learn to talk
-there is an infinite number of sentences in language, therefore it is impossible for a child to learn purely from imitation
-children learn the rules of language
-humans are equip with a language acquisition device..thus just like birds learn to fly, we learn to talk
Benjamin Whorf
A linguist/psychologist who noticed that the more words that you have for a certain type of thing, the more subtle the distinctions you recognize in it. Also came up with a concept called linguistic relativity hypothesis, based partially on the relization that the the Hopi Indian tribe in North America had very few words in their language for past tense, and never ever thought about the past.
Linguistic relativity hypothesis
the hypothesis that language determines, or at least influences, the way we think (Benjamin Whorf)
concepts
mental categories for classifying events, objects, and ideas on the basis of their common features or properties
prototypes
A mental image that incorporates the features we associate with a category
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