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Devolution Revolution
The effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states
Federalism
Constitutional arrangement in which power is distributed between a central government and subdivisional governments, called states in the United States. The national and the subdivisional governments both exercise direct authority over individuals
Dual Federalism
Views the Constitution as giving a limited list of
powers to the national government, leaving the
rest to the sovereign states
powers to the national government, leaving the
rest to the sovereign states
Cooperative Federalism
Stresses federalism as a system of intergovernmental relations in delivering governmental goods and services to the people and calls for cooperation among various levels of government
Marble Cake Federalism
Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than a layer cake, or dual
federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government
federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government
Competitive Federalism
Views the national government, 50 states, and thousands of local governments as competing with each other over ways to put together packages of services and taxes
Permissive Federalism
Implies that although federalism provides "a sharing of power and authority between the national and state governments, the state's share rests upon the permission and permissiveness of the national government"
"Our Federalism"
Championed by Ronald Reagan, presumes that the power of the federal government is limited in favor of the broad powers reserved to the states
Unitary System
Constitutional arrangement that concentrates power in a central government
Confederation
Constitutional arrangement in which sovereign nations or states, by compact, create a central government but carefully limit its power and do not give it direct authority over individuals
Express Powers
Powers the Constitution specifically grants to one of the branches of the national government
Implied Powers
Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions
Necessary and Proper Clause
Clause of the Constitution setting forth the implied powers of Congress. Congress, in addition to its express powers has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the
Constitution vests in the national government
Constitution vests in the national government
Inherent Powers
The powers of the national government in foreign affairs that the Supreme Court has declared do not depend on constitutional grants but rather grow out of the very existence of the national government
Commerce Clause
The clause in the Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations