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Canada’s National Flag is instantly recognizable as a proud symbol of our country. But it may surprise you to learn that the National Flag is relatively young and a few different flags were flown before it was adopted.
Follow this timeline for a brief history of the flags used in Canada and learn about some of the major moments in the creation of our National Flag.
Long before Canada became a nation, the emblems of European nations were used to identify their settlers and explorers. French emblems were used in New France and British ones were used throughout British North America. Many of these would continue to be used later on in Canada.
1871
The Canadian Red Ensign, which includes the Union Jack and Canada’s coat of arms, is used unofficially as a national flag. It is recognized as one of the main flags of Canada along with the Union Jack until 1965.
1892
The Canadian Red Ensign becomes official for use on Canadian ships, but also continues to be used on land as an unofficial national flag.
1921
King George V grants Canada a new official coat of arms, which takes its place on the Canadian Red Ensign.
1925
Parliament establishes a committee to design a new national flag for the Dominion of Canada, but the project is quickly shelved.
1946
A second parliamentary committee is formed to consider a design for a new national flag, without result. Prime Minister Mackenzie King cancels the project. The Union Jack remains the national flag and the Canadian Red Ensign is flown government buildings.
1957
The leaves on the shield of Canada’s coat of arms are changed from green to red, and the Canadian Red Ensign is modified.
1964 The Great Flag Debate
After much debate in the House of Commons, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson creates a new parliamentary committee to select a national flag before the 1967 Centennial year. In 1964, after reviewing many proposals, the committee selects the concept that would inspire the graphic design of Canada’s current National Flag.
1965
Canada adopts its new National Flag, with its iconic and singular graphic design. A royal proclamation is signed by Queen Elizabeth II on January 28, and the new flag is raised on Parliament Hill on February 15.
Did You Know?
The National Flag of Canada is a distinctive symbol that has specific graphic design characteristics in terms of its dimensions, colours, and the shape of the central 11-point maple leaf. As an official state symbol it is protected by the Trademarks Act.
1996
To commemorate the first raising of the National Flag, February 15 is officially declared National Flag of Canada Day.