CPCS 181 TEST 2-6
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University of Guelph **We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
ACCT 181
Subject
Astronomy
Date
May 11, 2024
Pages
14
Uploaded by ColonelBoar1813
CPCS 181 TEST 2
1.
Why is pluto considered a "dwarf planet", and not a "planet"
a.
Pluto does not clear the neighborhood around its orbit
b.
Pluto is too far away from the Sun to be a planet
c.
Pluto is a terrestrial object in the region of the Gas Giants
d.
Pluto is too small to be a planet
e.
Plluto was discovered too late to be called a planet
2.
A cool star that is very bright must be _____ on the HR diagram, and _____ the main sequence. A hot
star that is dim is likely to be ______.
a.
At the top left; on; a white dwarf
b.
At the button left; off; a red giant
c.
At the top right; on; a low-mass living star
d.
At the top right; off; a white dwarf
e.
At the bottom right; on; a low-mass living star
3.
Why didn't a planet form where the asteroid belt is now located?
a.
The rocks themselves in this part of the solar nebula were too icy to form into planets
b.
Gravitational tugs from Jupiter prevented material from collecting together to form a planet.
c.
The temperature in this part of the solar nebula was too high to prevent rocks from sticking
together
d.
The temperature in this part of the solar nebula was too low to prevent rocks from sticking
together
e.
There was too much of a mix of rocky material and gasses to form a planet.
4.
Which of the following is a remnant of a dead star?
a.
Neutron stars
b.
Black hole
c.
White dwarf
d.
All of these are remnants of dead stars
5.
We believe that at one time water flowed on Mars because of observations of?
a.
The polar ice caps
b.
Warm temperatures during the day
c.
Features that look like dried up riverbeds
d.
The rusty red surface which requires water to produce
e.
Fossilized organisms that resemble marine animals
6.
What would Jupiter have needed to become a star?
a.
More mass (Hydrogen gas)
b.
Less moons
c.
A slower rotation rate on its axis
d.
A different chemical composition
e.
More moons
7.
Let's imagine three different scenarios of a star experiencing a Type ll Supernova. What would we see or
experience for each case?
Scenario i) The Sun goes Supernova (whether or not this is possible, just imagine it happens)
Scenario ii) A star on the far side of the milky Way goes Supernova
Scenario iii) A star in our neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy, goes Supernova
a.
i) we'd die
ii) we might not even see it if it is obscured by enough dust
iii) it would be very bright and visible from Earth
b.
i) it would be blindingly bright but Earth would survive
ii) it would be very bright and astronomers would be very happy
iii) it would probably be too distant for us to see the supernova much at all
c.
i) it would be blindingly bright but Earth would survive
ii) we might not even see it if it is obscured by enough dust
iii) it would probably be too distant for us to see the supernova much at all
d.
i) it would kill most of the Milky Way Galaxy
ii) it would kill most of the Milky Way Galaxy
iii) it would be very bright and astronomers would be very happy to see it
e.
i) we'd die
ii) we'd die
iii) it would be blindingly bright, brighter than the rest of the whole galaxy
8.
Gas giant planets are ____ the Sun, have ____ masses, and ______ densities.
a.
Close to; large; high
b.
Close to; small; low
c.
Far from; large; low
d.
Far from; small; low
e.
Far from; large; high
9.
If two stars have the exact same spectral class then they must ____. If a newly discovered stellar object
is cooler than an M star, then it is probably ______.
a.
Have the same brightness' be a very low-mass living star
b.
Be the same temperature; a white dwarf
c.
Be the same temperature; a brown dwarf
d.
Be the same size (radius); a failed star (it is not fusing in its core)
e.
Have the same brightness; high in radius
10. At what point will a low-mass star like our Sun fuse helium nuclei together?
a.
The only time is when it fuses He in a shell around the carbon core, pushing away the outer layers
to produce a planetary nebula
b.
It fuses He in a shell around the core at all times throughout its main sequence life
c.
It will fuse He in the core as it is becoming a planetary nebula and before it produces either a
neutron star or black hole
d.
It fuses He in its core throughout its main sequence life
e.
As it dies it will eventually fuse He in the core, and when the core fills with carbon it will fuse He
in a shell around the core
11. In each diagram below, the mass of the star is the same. In which diagram is the force of gravity greatest
between the star and planet shown. Note the distances and masses are in arbitrary units.
a.
[1]
b.
[2]
c.
[3]
d.
[4]
e.
All have the same force of gravity since the star has the same mass in each diagram
12. The Solar Nebular Theory is a theory of how our solar system formed. Which of the following does the
Solar Nebular Theory NOT explain?
a.
The presence of asteroids and comets
b.
Planets orbit the Sun on the same direction
c.
The equal number of Terrestrial and Gas Giant planets
d.
The compositional differences between Terrestrial and Gas Giant planets
e.
Planets orbit the sun in a nearly flattered disk
13. What happens to the core of a star undergoing a Type ll Supernova.
a.
It is fused until the elements are completely broken down, and then the core fragments go flying
out into space with the rest of the star, filtering out back into the galaxy
b.
It is compressed to the point that electrons and protons combine to make a ball of pure neutrons
(and maybe compressed even beyond that), and that core will survive the blast
c.
The core creates a hole in space-time, and it is thought that the resulting wormhole allows it to
escape to somewhere else in the galaxy
d.
It is instantly compressed into a black hole, which devours most of the star's material, so that
only light is released form Type ll Supernova
e.
It fuses through many different elements, while the rest of the star explodes out and off of it,
leaving behind a surviving core made of a variety of shells of different elements
14. Why is there such a neat division between the Terrestrial and Jovian (Gas Giant) plants?
a.
The region close to the Sun was so hot that only rocks and metals could form solids, leaving very
little material for the terrestrial planets to form from. Far from the Sun, colder materials like ice
could form solid, and the Jovian planets formed much bigger cores, which were capable of
trapping nearby gas.
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b.
Initially, all of the planets were Jovian planets, but the Terrestrial planets had their gassy surfaces
ripped away by a supernova
c.
The Jovian planets are more negatively charged, and so got pushed further away from the
negatively charged Sun (since negative charges repel other negative charges).
d.
The locations of the Terrestrial and Jovian planets os random; the neat division is just a
coincidence
e.
I really have no clue. Please go ahead and mark this question wrong.
15. The diagram below represents an exaggerated view of Earth orbiting the Sun. Letters A, B, C, and D
represent Earth's location in its orbit on the first day of each of the four seasons. Which location in
Earth's orbit represents the first day of winter for an observer in Toronto, Canada?
a.
[A]
b.
[B]
c.
[C]
d.
[D]
16. Which of the following is NOT a way to detect the existence of an exo-planet?
a.
We look for the position of a distant star to "wobble"
b.
We look for a regular switch between red shifted and blue shifted light from a distant star
c.
We look for the light of a distant star to dim regularly
d.
We look for the extrasolar planets directly
e.
All of the above are possible ways to detect the existence of exo-planets
17. WHat happens when a high mass star leaves the Main Sequence?
a.
It expands to become a supergiant, due to fusion reactions in its outer layer nad on its surface,
which also makes it extremely brighter than before
b.
The core collapse process causes nuclear fusion and fissions reactions in its core, which push the
outer layers outwards and makes the surface hotter and brighter
c.
It immediately collapses into a type 1A Supernova blast, with almost no intermediate steps nad
no observable warning of change
d.
It cools and dims, moving down then main sequence to the bottom right of the HR diagram
e.
It increases in size due to the shells of fusion around its core; its surface cools while expanding
18. Which of the following is false about Nova and Supernova type 1A events?
a.
A nova event can destroy the object experiencing it while, a type 1A supernova can produce a
large black hole
b.
Nova events can happen multiple times on the same object, while a type 1A supernova can only
occur once for that object
c.
A nova event is very bright, but a supernova type 1A is much brighter, and can outshine many
stars in a galaxy
d.
Both of them must occur in a system with more than one star
e.
Mass transfer must occur onto a while dwarf in order for either of them to occur
19. Which graph best represents the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun during one orbit of
Earth around the Sun?
HINT:
Think about the Earth- Sun distance during Summer and Winter
...
a.
[1]
b.
[2]
c.
[3]
d.
[4]
20. Consider the following light curve of a star with one extra-solar planet orbiting the star. Why are the
edges of the dips in the graph diagonal lines rather than vertical lines?
a.
The diagonal lines shows that it takes time for the planet to fully appear in from of the star and to
fully more away from the front of the star
b.
The diagonal lines show that the planet is orbiting its parent star along some inclination angle
rather than horizontally relative to Earth
c.
The plant itself wobble a little during its orbit about the star and the diagonal lines show the
disturbance of light from the star during the wobbling
d.
The planet actually orbits in a wave-like manner and the diagonal lines show the places where
the planet is bobbing "down" and "up" along its orbit
e.
The diagonal lines show that there could potentially be other planets orbiting the parent star as
well, but we do not "see" them
21. The graph below represents the brightness and temperature of stars visible from Earth. Which locations
on the graph best represent a star that is not fusing a hydrogen core?
a.
[A] and [D]
b.
[C] and [D]
c.
[B] and [C]
d.
[A], [C], and [D]
e.
All labeled locations represent a star fusing hydrogen in its core
22. Which planet has the highest average surface temperature, and why?
a.
Venus, because it is the closest planet to Earth
b.
Mars, because of its red color
c.
Earth, because of its ability to support life
d.
Venus, because of its dense carbon dioxide atmosphere
e.
Mercury, because it is closest to the Sun
23. Why is iron the last element produced in a massive star's core?
a.
Fusing iron would require adding energy, rather then releasing it
b.
Iron is the largest stable element; larger one cannot be fused in any situation
c.
There is very little iron produced in the core and so it will not fuse
d.
It has the lowest mass of any elements' nucleus, so to be a fuel source it can't be fused, only
fissioned (broken into smaller pieces)
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e.
It isn't- after iron is produced in the core, the star quickly burns through the rest of the elements
in the periodic table, but it happens so fast that it triggers a supernova.
24. What happens to the core of a star after a planetary nebula occurs, and what is the surviving object
mostly made of?
a.
It becomes a neutron star, made mostly of pure neutrons
b.
It becomes a white dwarf, made mostly of carbon
c.
It becomes a black hole, made of iron trapped inside
d.
It becomes a white dwarf, made mostly of iron
e.
It becomes either a white dwarf made of H and He, a neutron star made of iron, or a black hole
25. Which Moon position (A-E), shown in the diagram at the right best corresponds with the moon phase
shown on the left? [Note the drawing is not to scale for the sizes and distances of objects].
a.
[A]
b.
[B]
c.
[C]
d.
[D]
e.
[E]
26. _________ are remnants of low-mass stars
a.
Neutron stars
b.
Pulsars
c.
Black Holes
d.
White dwarfs
27. How do massive living stars (along the Main Sequence) compare with low-mass living stars (along the
Main Sequence)?
HINT:
[The main difference is that the higher the mass, the more luminous the star and the shorter the
main sequence lifetime.]
a.
Massive stars are dimmer, cooler, redder, and live for a longer time
b.
Massive stars are dimmer, cooler, bluer, and live for a shorter time
c.
Massive stars are brighter, hotter, bluer, and live for a shorter time
d.
Massive stars are brighter, hotter, bluer, and life for a longer time
e.
Massive stars are brighter, hotter, redder, and live for a longer time
28. What happens when the gravity of a massive star is able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure?
a.
The core contracts and becomes a ball of neutrons
b.
The core contracts and becomes a white dwarf
c.
Gravity is not able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure.
d.
The star explodes violently, leaving nothing behind.
e.
The core contracts and becomes a black hole singularity
29. Listed below are several astronomical objects (1-5). Which is the correct ranking for the size (diameter)
of these objects, from [largest to smallest]?
1. White Dwarf :
4300 km
2. Neutron Star :
20 km
3. The Sun :
1.3927 million km
4. Black Hole Singularity :
0 radius
5. The Solar System :
287.46 billion km
a.
5 > 1 > 3 > 2 > 4
b.
3 > 5 > 1 > 4 > 2
c.
4 > 2 > 1 > 3 > 5
d.
5 > 3 > 1 > 2 > 4
e.
2 > 1 > 5 > 3 > 4
30. As you approach the event horizon of a black hole, _________ (as seen by an outside observer)
a.
Time runs slower and objects appear redshifted
b.
Time runs faster and objects appear redshifted
c.
Time runs slower and objects appear blue shifted
d.
TIme runs faster and objects appear the same color
e.
Time runs slower and objects appear the same color
31. Protostars are difficult to observe because:
a.
The protostar stage is very long
b.
They are surrounded by cocoons of gas and dust
c.
They do not radiate in the infrared
d.
Theta re moving too fast
e.
They are all so far away that the light has not reached us yet
32. Main Sequence region of the H-R diagram runs from _____ to _____ and it contains about ____ of all
stars.
a.
Lower left; upper right; 90%
b.
Lower left; upper right; 50%
c.
Upper left; lower right; 50%
d.
Upper left; lower right; 90%
e.
Emission; higher; pink
33. Which of the following is not evidence of the existence of an interstellar medium?
a.
Extinction
b.
Narrowing calcium lines in the spectra of O and B star
c.
Reddening
d.
Dark clouds
e.
Molecular bands in the spectra of cool stars
34. A ______ solar-mass star has ______ interior and ______ envelope.
a.
0.8; radiative; convective
b.
3.5; radiative; convective
c.
0.8; convective; radiative
d.
3.5; convective; conductive
e.
0.8; radiative; conductive
35. The ________ of a black hole is the ______ from a black hole at which the escape velocity is ____ the
speed of light
a.
Lagrangian point; radius; equal to
b.
Lagrangian point; diameter; equal to
c.
Chandrasekhar limit; radius; greater than
d.
Event horizon; diameter; greater than
e.
Event horizon; radius; equal to
36. What is the total mass of a binary star system with P= 20 year and a= 10 AU?
a.
8 solar masses
b.
2.5 solar masses
c.
0.5 solar mass
d.
0.8 solar mass
e.
80 solar masses
37. Seyfert galaxies
a.
Are less common in interacting pairs of galaxies than in isolated systems
b.
Emit more energy at x-ray or UV wavelength than normal spiral galaxies
c.
Have small, highly luminous nuclei that can change their brightness by 50% in more than a month
d.
Have very narrow emissions spectrum lines of highly ionized atoms
e.
Account for 25% of the spiral galaxies
38. ____ nebulae are produced when a star with temperature ______ than 25000K excites its neighboring
gas and they have a distinctive ______ color.
a.
Reflection; higher; blue
b.
Planetary ; lower; blue
c.
Planetary; higher; pink
d.
Emissions; lower; red
e.
Emissions; higher; pink
Lecture 6: HR Diagram
39. Star 1 has luminosity of 150000 Lsun and belongs to spectral class B.
Star 2 has luminosity of 0.0028 Lsun and also belongs to spectral class B.
Which star has the higher temperature?
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a.
Star 1
b.
Star 2
c.
They have the same temperature
d.
There is not enough information to determine which star is hotter
40. How does the size of a star near the top left of the H-R diagram compare with a star of the same
luminosity near the top right of the H-R diagram?
a.
They are the same size
b.
The star near the top is larger
c.
The star near the top right is larger
d.
There is insufficient information to determine this
Lecture 7: Stellar Evolution
Lecture 8: Stellar Death and Black Holes
Falling into a Black hole: Object is stretched by tidal forces (Spaghettification)
Time slows down as seen by outside observers
Light gets extremely redshifted : any light reflecting off him is red-shifted also, looking
redder and redder
Lecture 9: Solar System Part 1
Rocky planets (Terrestrial):
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Gas Planets (Jovian):
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
→
enormous, made mostly from hydrogen and helium, far from sun, separated by large distances, have rings, have
many moons
Dwarf Planets:
Pluto, Eris
1.
Which Moon position (A-E), shown in the diagram at right (where you are
looking down on the north pole of Earth), best corresponds with the moon
phases shown below? (Note that the drawing is not to scale for the sizes
and distances of objects.)
2.
Which Moon position (A-E), shown in the diagram at right (where you are looking down on the north
pole of Earth), best corresponds with the moon phases shown below? (Note that the drawing is not to
scale for the sizes and distances of objects.)
https://ccnmtl.github.io/astro-simulations/lunar-phase-simulator/
: USE THIS LINK FOR THE MOON
QUES!!
Lecture 10: Solar System Part 2
1.
Why do we have seasons?
a.
Earth is closer to the Sun during summer and farther from the Sun during Winter
b.
Earth's axis is tilted
c.
Earth rotates on its axis
2.
What is a Dwarf Planet?
a.
An object in orbit around the Sun
b.
Massive enough to have its own gravity pull itself into a round (or nearly round) shape
c.
Orbits in a zone that has other objects in it
https://ccnmtl.github.io/astro-simulations/sun-motion-simulator/
: SOLAR SIMULATION AND SEASONS
Lecture 11: Extra Orbiting Other Stars
1.
Consider the force of gravity between the Earth and the giant Sun. Which attracts more: the Sun or the
Earth?
They both pull each other with the same amount of force
2.
What happens to the force of gravity between two objects if one the the objects masses triples and the
distance between the two objects double?
-
If one mass tripling, Fg triples (3 times as great)
-
If the distance doubles, Fg becomes ¼ as great
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-
Now combine: ¾ as great
So the force of gravity if ¾ if what it originally was
EXTRASSSSS
1.
The proton-proton chain needs high temperature because:
a.
Of the ground state energy of the hydrogen atom
b.
If the presence of helium atoms
c.
The protons must overcome the Coulomb barrier
d.
Of the need for low density
e.
The neutrinos carry more energy away than the reaction procedures
2.
The energy generated by the Sun is released by the ______ to make _____ nuclei.
a.
Fusion of H nuclei; He
b.
Fusion of He nuclei; H
c.
Fission of h nuclei; He
d.
Fission of He nuclei; H
3.
The centers of granules
a.
Are hot material rising to the photosphere from below
b.
Are cool materials falling from the photosphere to the regions below
c.
Are faster and hotter than their surroundings
d.
Are brighter and cooler than their surroundings
e.
Are brighter and cooler than their surroundings
f.
Show strong Zeeman effects
4.
The chromosphere of the Sun:
a.
Is hotter than the photosphere
b.
Appears yellow-white in color during total solar eclipse
c.
Is the visible surface of the sun
d.
Produces an absorption spectrum
e.
All of the others
5.
The________ occurs when a rapidly rotating conductor is stirred by convection to produce a magnetic
field
a.
Dynamo effect
b.
Zeeman effect
c.
Babcock effect
d.
Proton-proton chain
e.
Aurora
6.
Thestong force is the force that
a.
Binds elections to the nucleus in an atom
b.
Holds the Moon in orbit around Earth
c.
Creates the magnetic field associated with sunspots
d.
Produces the extremely high temperatures in the solar corona
e.
Binds protons and neutrons together to form a nucleus
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