Immigration’s impact on developed nations’ tourism and economy - Travel And Tour World

Immigration’s impact on developed nations’ tourism and economy

Tuesday, May 7, 2024

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Immigration, Economy, Tourism, Housing, Labor Market, Population Growth, Per-Capita Recession

In the developed world, one of the long-standing engines of economic growth—immigration—is encountering significant challenges. This change comes as countries like Canada, Australia, and the UK, which have long relied on the influx of migrants to counterbalance the effects of aging populations and declining birth rates, face new hurdles post-pandemic.

The influx of immigrants into developed nations like Canada, Australia, and the UK, particularly noticeable after the borders reopened post-pandemic, brings a dual-edged sword to the travel and tourism sectors. On one hand, these migrants bring with them diverse cultures and traditions, enriching the local cultural fabric and creating a more vibrant, globalized community.

This cultural diversity attracts tourists who are keen to experience a blend of local and international cultures in a single destination. Events, restaurants, and neighborhoods showcasing international influences can become significant attractions, boosting tourism. For instance, areas known for their multicultural ambiance can see an increase in visitor numbers, looking to experience authentic global cuisines, festivals, and arts right in the heart of these cities. However, the rapid increase in population due to incoming migrants can strain local infrastructure, including tourism facilities, potentially leading to overcrowded attractions, depleted resources, and a decline in the quality of tourist experiences if not managed properly.

Conversely, the impact of immigration on the labor market can have a direct effect on the travel and tourism industry. Migrants often fill essential roles in service sectors such as hospitality, travel agencies, and recreational facilities, which are pivotal to the tourism industry. Their contribution can alleviate labor shortages in these critical areas, ensuring that tourist destinations operate smoothly and can cope with peak season demands. However, when the pace of immigration exceeds the infrastructure’s capacity to absorb them, as seen in Canada and Australia, it can lead to significant challenges.

Housing shortages and increased living costs can deter potential long-term migrants from settling in these hubs, which in turn could lead to a scarcity of skilled workers in the tourism sector. This scenario underscores the necessity for a balanced approach in immigration policies that consider the capacity of cities to grow sustainably while supporting their economic ambitions without compromising the tourism experience or the quality of life for residents and visitors alike.

Demographics: For many years, the rapid influx of migrants has been crucial in helping nations such as Canada, Australia, and the UK mitigate the demographic challenges posed by aging populations and decreasing birth rates. However, this dynamic is shifting as the recent spike in migration collides with an acute housing shortage, complicating the accommodation of newcomers.

Economic Impact: The economies of Canada and Australia managed to avoid recession post their COVID-19 economic contractions, yet the deep per-capita downturns have eroded the standard of living. Similarly, while the UK’s recent recession appeared mild in overall figures, it was more severe on a per-capita basis. Bloomberg Economics highlights that thirteen developed economies were in per-capita recessions at the end of the previous year, with housing shortages and the rising cost of living being prevalent issues.

Labor Market: In Australia, the migration of about one million people since June 2022—equivalent to 3.7% of the population—has addressed severe labor shortages in sectors like hospitality, aged care, and agriculture. The UK, nearing full employment, has filled its labor gaps post-Brexit with new arrivals from Ukraine, Hong Kong, and other regions. In the US, the labor market remains robust as the influx from the southern border enlarges the workforce, highlighting immigration as a pivotal topic in the upcoming presidential election.

Capacity Challenges: However, there’s a threshold to the growth driven by immigration. When the number of new arrivals surpasses a country’s capacity to integrate them, the overall quality of life begins to decline, even if the GDP figures suggest growth. Canada, for instance, experienced record population growth but struggled to provide adequate housing, a situation highlighted by the Bank of Nova Scotia which noted that the ideal rate of population growth should be significantly lower, akin to that of the US.

Personal Impact: The individual impact is evident in the experiences of immigrants like Akanksha Biswas, who moved to Canada in 2022. As the country faced a surge in post-pandemic immigration and aggressive monetary tightening by the Bank of Canada, per-capita GDP began to fall, reflecting the broader economic strain.

The struggle to balance immigration with economic and infrastructural capacity poses a challenge for developed nations aiming to harness it as a driver of economic growth and tourism. The situation demands a reevaluation of policies to ensure sustainable growth that benefits both the native and migrant populations, thereby enhancing the economic and cultural fabric of these nations.

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