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Behaviorism
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Watson was the father of behaviorism. His now-revered lectures on the subject defined behaviorism as a natural science that takes the whole field of human adjustment as its own. It is the business of behaviorist psychology to predict and control human activity. The field has as its aim to be able, given the stimulus, to predict the response, or seeing the reaction, to know the stimulus that produced it. Watson argued that psychology is as good as its observations: what the organism does or says in the general environment.
Watson identified "laws" of learning, including frequency and recency. Kimble makes it perfectly clear that Watson's behaviorism, while deeply indebted to Ivan Pavlov, went beyond the Russian master in his treatment of cognition, language, and emotion. It becomes clear that Behaviorism is anything but the reductionist caricature it is often made out to be in the critical literature. For that reason alone, the work merits a wide reading.
Behaviorism, as was typical of the psychology of the time, offered a wide array of applications―all of which can be said to fall on the enlightened side of the ledger. At a time of mixed messages, Watson argued against child beating and abuse, for patterns of enlightened techniques of factory management, and for curing the sick and isolating the small cadre of criminals not subject to correction. And anticipating Thomas Szasz, he argued against a doctrine of strictly mental diseases, and for a close scrutiny of behavioral illness and disturbances. Kimble's brilliant introduction to Watson ends with a challenge to subjectivism to provide evidence that Watson's behaviorism cannot explain human actions without introspective notions of the mind. This genuine classic of social science hi our century remains relevant not just for the conduct of psychological research, but for studies in the philosophy of science and the sociology of knowledge.
- ISBN-101560009942
- ISBN-13978-1560009948
- PublisherRoutledge
- Publication dateJanuary 30, 1997
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6 x 0.63 x 9 inches
- Print length276 pages
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- Publisher : Routledge (January 30, 1997)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 276 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1560009942
- ISBN-13 : 978-1560009948
- Item Weight : 15.2 ounces
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.63 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #4,704,295 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #4,907 in Medical Psychoanalysis
- #6,314 in Popular Psychology Psychoanalysis
- #22,435 in Medical General Psychology
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His ideas on child rearing would be regarded as child abuse now. For example he said a crying infant should be left to cry rather than attended to.
In his "Little Albert" experiment in 1920, he took an 11-month-old orphan boy and subjected him to painful experiments. Now he would be arrested for this kind of behavior.
Actress Mariette Hartley, granddaughter of Watson attributed her own psychological issues to being raised in accordance with her grandfather's theories. No surprise!
I see a moral problem with giving ANY of his works four stars.
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Behaviourism seeks to argue that human beings are, on the one hand, determined by nature (our biology delimits the parameters of our behavioural options, e.g. we're designed to be able to walk and run, not fly); and, on the other hand, we are determined by nurture (our social environment and upbringing conditions our ideas, our personalities, etc.). As such, we are not 'free individuals'.
I think much of what Watson says is correct. Yet his ideas are also partial ... and behaviourism required the contributions made in the work others, especially B.F. Skinner, to come to full fruition.
Watson focuses on classical conditioning. And he suggests that it's possible - through such conditioning - to mould a person into any sort of individuality. The conclusion is, if we - as a society - want to live in a world of peace and harmony then we need to condition people accordingly. That there are rapists and murders means that society has failed to do what is required to make wholesome individuals.
The book is nearly a century old. So much of it reads like it's dated. But the basic ideas are fresh and imaginative.
I recommend this book to anyone interested in psychology.